WO2021249371A1 - 制作覆面制品的模具、覆面制品的成型方法以及覆面制品 - Google Patents

制作覆面制品的模具、覆面制品的成型方法以及覆面制品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021249371A1
WO2021249371A1 PCT/CN2021/098794 CN2021098794W WO2021249371A1 WO 2021249371 A1 WO2021249371 A1 WO 2021249371A1 CN 2021098794 W CN2021098794 W CN 2021098794W WO 2021249371 A1 WO2021249371 A1 WO 2021249371A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
easy
release
groove
cladding
cladding product
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/098794
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟祥和
孟战平
Original Assignee
孟祥和
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 孟祥和 filed Critical 孟祥和
Publication of WO2021249371A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021249371A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/04—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with a fixed mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/0005—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/02—Dies; Inserts therefor; Mounting thereof; Moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/32—Discharging presses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C15/00—Pavings specially adapted for footpaths, sidewalks or cycle tracks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of facing, for example, to a mold for making facing products, a molding method of facing products, and facing products.
  • the main insulation materials are sorted according to the insulation effect: vacuum insulation board, foamed polyurethane, extruded polystyrene board, rock wool board, etc. These insulation materials and the building connection construction process are more complicated, and the risk of the thin plastering system falling off is also greater.
  • connection between the building's non-insulation material cladding products and the building Taking ceramic tiles as an example, ceramic tiles are deeply loved by people because of their rich colors and convenient construction methods.
  • connection between ceramic tiles and buildings essentially uses the water absorption of cladding products, that is, there are many microscopic pores on the surface of the material, and the micro-embedding is achieved through the filling of the connecting medium (such as cement mortar, etc.), thereby passing the constraints of many micro-embedding Realize the macro connection.
  • the cladding product is provided with a groove that is not easy to detach.
  • the groove that is not easy to detach can be a dovetail groove or a parallel groove.
  • the building is connected to the cladding product through the groove that is not easy to detach. It can achieve better restraint between the cladding product and the building, and avoid the separation of the cladding product from the building along the normal direction of its outer surface.
  • the dovetail groove will completely wrap the mold, and it is difficult to realize the demolding of the dovetail groove and the mold, which makes it difficult to remove the groove and make it difficult to form.
  • the mold and the parallel groove can be demolded in a unique direction, the parallel groove has no fault tolerance for the error of the mold demolding movement, resulting in poor quality that is not easy to be removed from the groove.
  • the non-detachable grooves include dovetail grooves or parallel grooves.
  • the cross-section of the easy-release-shaped part gradually increases; along the direction from the bottom of the non-easy-release groove to the opening, the part of the non-release-shaped part The cross section gradually decreases.
  • the bottom surface of the easily release molding part is deeper than the bottom surface of the non-easy release molding part.
  • the direction of the groove bottom of the groove that is not easy to be removed is recessed, so as to form an easy-to-release shape on the cladding product.
  • the mold also includes:
  • a second convex mold which is inserted into the containing cavity with an adjustable depth during the molding process, and is set to form a plastic shape on the cladding product.
  • a method for forming cladding products including:
  • the easily demoldable part is first demolded from the non-releasable groove, and then the non-easy demouldable part is demolded from the non-releasable groove.
  • the mold further includes a second punch, and the depth of the second punch inserted into the accommodating cavity is adjusted so that the raw material fills the accommodating cavity.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the cladding product is also provided with a shaping shape, and the shaping shape is a groove structure.
  • the cross section of the shaped groove structure gradually decreases from the opening of the shaped groove structure to the groove bottom of the shaped groove structure.
  • the cavity is not connected to the outside, and the gas pressure in the cavity is less than one standard atmospheric pressure.
  • the inner surface of the cavity is provided with a heat radiation reflective coating.
  • the body includes a shell, a filler, and at least two hollow tubes, a cavity is formed inside the hollow tube, the at least two hollow tubes are arranged in the shell, and the non-detachable groove is arranged in the shell Above, the filler is filled between the shell and the at least two hollow tubes.
  • the filler includes at least one of a polymer material, a metal material, and an inorganic material.
  • the filling includes solid, gas or liquid.
  • Fluorescent substances are added to the glass.
  • Figure 1 is an assembly diagram of a dovetail groove and a first type of mold provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the dovetail groove and the first type of mold provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is an assembly diagram of a dovetail groove and a second mold provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of parallel grooves and molds provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a dovetail groove provided with a plastic shape provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cladding product provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a second cladding product provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth cladding product provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an eighth cladding product provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the terms “upper”, “lower”, “right”, and other orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for ease of description and simplification of operations, rather than indications. It may also imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application. In addition, the terms “first” and “second” are only used to distinguish them in description, and have no special meaning.
  • This embodiment provides a mold for making a cladding product.
  • the mold includes a first convex mold 201 that is configured to mold the non-releasable groove 1 on the cladding product 100, and the first convex mold 201 includes an easy-release molding part. 2011 and the non-easy-release molding part 2012, the easy-release molding part 2011 and the non-easy-release molding part 2012 can be combined together to form the non-release groove 1, and the easy-release molding part 2011 can be relatively combined with the non-release molding part 2012 along the line Move in a range of directions to demold from the groove 1 that is not easy to demold.
  • the easy-release molding part 2011 is set to be able to move in a range relative to the non-easy-release molding part 2012 that is assembled with it, and the release directions of the easy-release molding part 2011 and the non-easy-release groove 1 are not unique , It has a certain fault tolerance for the error of the demoulding movement of the easy-release molding 2011.
  • the easy-release molding 2011 after demolding will not block the release of the non-easy-release molding 2012. It can ensure the non-easy-release molding 2012. Demoulding smoothly, avoiding breakage of the difficult-to-release groove 1 during the molding process, and ensuring that the non-easy-to-release groove 1 has good quality after molding.
  • the cross section of the easy-release molding piece 2011 is gradually increased from the bottom of the groove 1 to the opening direction. ; Along the direction from the bottom of the non-detachable groove 1 to the opening, the cross-section of the non-detachable shape piece 2012 gradually decreases.
  • the groove 1 that is not easily removed can be a dovetail groove.
  • the dovetail groove When the dovetail groove is connected to the building, the dovetail groove covers the building and achieves complete restraint with the building, ensuring that the cladding product 100 is very close to the building. A solid connection.
  • the dovetail groove will completely wrap the mold, which makes it difficult to release the dovetail groove from the mold, which greatly affects the forming quality of the dovetail groove.
  • the first punch 201 includes an easy-release molding part 2011 and a non-easy-release molding part 2012.
  • the easy-release molding part 2011 and the non-easy-release molding part 2012 can be combined to form a dovetail groove.
  • One side of the detachable molding piece 2011 can slide along the side of the non-detachable molding piece 2012, and the other side of the detachable molding piece 2011 can slide along one side of the dovetail groove, so the detachable molding piece 2011 can be relatively non-detachable molding piece 2012
  • the ejection direction of the easy-release molding part 2011 and the dovetail groove is not unique.
  • the bottom surface of the easy-release molding parts 2011 is designed to be The bottom surface of the split non-easy-release molding 2012 is flush. Due to assembly errors, the bottom surface of the actually assembled easy-release molding 2011 may be slightly higher than the bottom surface of the non-easy-release molding 2012, which will cause some of the raw materials to be difficult to remove. The shape 2012 is wrapped, which makes it difficult to demold the subsequent non-easy mold 2012. In order to solve the above problems, as shown in FIG.
  • the first punch 201 includes an easy-release molding piece 2011 and two non-easy-release molding pieces 2012.
  • the two non-easy-release molding pieces 2012 are located on both sides of the easy-release molding piece 2011 and are connected to each other.
  • the easy-release molding 2011 can be pieced together to form a dovetail groove.
  • One side of the easy-release molding 2011 can slide along the side of one of the non-easy-release moldings 2012, and the other side of the easy-release molding 2011 can slide along one side of the other non-easy-release molding 2012, so the easy-release moldings 2011 is able to move relative to the non-easy release molding part 2012 in the range of W direction as shown in Figure 4.
  • the release direction of the easy release molding part 2011 and the dovetail groove is not unique, and there is a certain error in the release movement of the easy release molding part 2011
  • the fault-tolerant ability prevents the dovetail groove from being damaged during the forming process, and guarantees the better quality of the dovetail groove after forming.
  • the easy-release molding part 2011 will leave a part of the space inside the dovetail groove after demolding, the easy-release molding part 2011 will not hinder the demolding of the non-easy-release molding part 2012.
  • One of the non-easy-release molding parts 2012 can be Moving in the demolding direction range of U in Figure 4, the other non-easy demoulding part 2012 can move in the demolding direction range of V in Figure 4, achieving a better demolding effect of the two non-easy demolding parts 2012 .
  • the dovetail groove formed by the structure of the above mold will not be damaged during the forming process, and the formed dovetail groove can be guaranteed to have better quality.
  • the non-detachable groove 1 can be a parallel groove.
  • the parallel groove covers the building and does not depart from the building in the normal direction relative to the surface of the building.
  • the mold and the parallel groove can only be demolded in a single direction, and there is no fault tolerance for the error of the mold demolding movement, resulting in poor quality that is not easy to be removed from the groove.
  • the first punch 201 includes an easy-release molding piece 2011 and a non-easy-release molding piece 2012.
  • the easy-release molding piece 2011 and the non-easy-release molding piece 2012 can be combined to form parallel grooves.
  • One side of the mold-releasing piece 2011 can slide along the side of the non-releasable mold piece 2012, and the other side of the mold-releasing mold 2011 can slide along one side of the parallel groove, so the mold-releasing piece 2011 can slide relative to the non-releasing mold piece 2012.
  • the ejection direction of the easy-release molding part 2011 and the parallel groove is not unique.
  • the mold further includes a second convex mold 203, which can be inserted into the containing cavity with an adjustable depth during the molding process, and is configured to be molded on the cladding product 100 as shown in FIG.
  • a second convex mold 203 which can be inserted into the containing cavity with an adjustable depth during the molding process, and is configured to be molded on the cladding product 100 as shown in FIG.
  • the easy-release molding piece 2011 is inserted deeper into the raw material than the non-easy-release molding piece 2012 is inserted into the raw material.
  • the bottom surface of the easy-release molding piece 2011 is lower than that of the non-easy release
  • the bottom surface of the de-molding part 2012 is formed on the cladding product 100 to form the easy-release molding 11, so that even if the easy-release molding part 2011 and the non-easy-release molding part 2012 have a certain installation error, the bottom surface of the designed easy-release molding part 2011 is lower than
  • the combined bottom surface of the non-easy-release molding 2012 can effectively prevent the raw materials from wrapping the non-easy-release molding 2012, and can ensure the subsequent smooth release of the non-easy release molding 2012. Therefore, the above-mentioned mold design can form an easy-to-release shape 11 on the cladding product 100.
  • the mold also includes a second male mold 203.
  • the first male mold 201 cooperates with the female mold 202 to form a containing cavity configured to fill the material.
  • the depth of the second male mold 203 inserted into the containing cavity is adjusted to make the material Fill the accommodating cavity to form the shaping shape 17 shown in FIG. 8 on the cladding product 100.
  • the depth of the second punch 203 inserted into the accommodating cavity By adjusting the depth of the second punch 203 inserted into the accommodating cavity, the effect of filling the accommodating cavity with raw materials input into the accommodating cavity is realized. In this way, the effect of forming the cladding product 100 with the same outer contour size from the raw materials with quality deviation is realized, and the outer contour size of the different cladding products 100 of the same batch is guaranteed to be uniform.
  • This embodiment provides a cladding product 100, which is made by the molding method mentioned in the second embodiment.
  • the cladding product 100 includes a body.
  • the detachment groove 1 can cover the coated object 200 to restrict the movement of the cladding object 200 relative to the facing product 100.
  • the non-detachable groove 1 may be a dovetail groove or a parallel groove.
  • the easy-release molding parts 2011 and the non-easy-release molding parts 2012 When designing the easy-release molding parts 2011 and the non-easy-release molding parts 2012, if the easy-release molding parts 2011 and the non-easy-release molding parts 2012 are combined together to form the non-easy-release groove 1, design the bottom surface of the easy-release molding parts 2011 to be the same The bottom surface of the non-detachable molding part 2012 that is assembled with it is flush. Due to assembly errors, the bottom surface of the easily-released molding part 2011 actually assembled may be slightly higher than the bottom surface of the non-detachable molding part 2012, which will cause the raw materials to be partially difficult. The stripping 2012 is wrapped, which makes it difficult to demold the subsequent non-easy stripping 2012. In order to solve the above problems, as shown in Fig.
  • the bottom surface of the easy-release molding piece 2011 is lower than the non-easy-release molding piece combined with it.
  • the bottom surface of 2012 is formed on the cladding product 100 with easy-release molding 11, so that even if the easy-release molding piece 2011 and the non-easy-release molding piece 2012 have a certain installation error, the groove bottom of the designed easy-release molding piece 2011 is deep and not easy to take off.
  • the direction of the groove bottom of the groove 1 is recessed into the easy-release molding 11, which can effectively prevent the raw material from wrapping the non-easy-release molding part 2012, and can ensure the subsequent smooth demolding of the non-easy-release molding part 2012, because the above-mentioned mold design can make the covering
  • An easy-to-release shape 11 is formed on the product 100.
  • the easy-release molding 11 is a groove structure, the cross-section of the groove structure gradually decreases from the opening to the bottom of the groove, and the easy-release molding part 2011 of the easy-release molding 11 can be quickly demolded from the easy-release molding 11 .
  • the shaping shape 17 has a groove structure, and the cross-sectional area of the groove structure is unchanged.
  • the cavity 13 on the cladding product 100 is in communication with the outside.
  • the cladding product 100 can be formed only by simple injection molding without subsequent Assembled, the structure is simple and the molding efficiency is high, which is convenient for streamlined production.
  • the cladding product 100 with the cavity 13 can also be affixed to the inner or outer surface of basin products, bathtubs, cold storages, vehicles, and swimming pools, so that it has the function of heat insulation or heat preservation.
  • Adding liquid to the cavity 13 of the cladding product 100 can be used for decoration on the one hand, and on the other hand, the liquid has a larger specific heat capacity, which can absorb heat during the day and release heat at night, helping to maintain the temperature of the environment wrapped by the cladding product Constant.
  • the cavity 13 made is a vacuum glass cladding product 100, which can be used as a spacecraft Heat insulation, because it is hollow, the weight is very light, and the high temperature resistance of the quartz glass used is better than the black insulation tile of the space shuttle (the highest temperature is 1260 °C).
  • Vacuum glass cladding products 100 or vacuum cladding products 100 made of other materials can be used for road construction in tundra and the treatment of building foundations. Multiple layers of vacuum cladding products 100 are laid between the frozen soil layer and the building to disconnect the frozen soil. Disturbance of the permafrost by the heat outside the layer. Since the vacuum cladding product 100 has greater compressive resistance, it is more suitable for use as thermal insulation for frozen soil than polymer thermal insulation materials to ensure the stability of the building foundation.
  • the cladding product 100 When the material of the cladding product 100 is selected as metal, the cladding product 100 with a large area, a thin thickness and a cavity 13 can be made, which can reduce the volume of the thermal insulation material and improve the ductility of the thermal insulation material.
  • the application fields of the cladding product 100 of this embodiment can be: building heat preservation/heat insulation/sound insulation, heat preservation/insulation cushions for road construction or building facilities on frozen soil foundation, vehicle heat preservation/heat insulation/sound insulation, cold storage Heat preservation/heat insulation, refrigerator heat preservation/insulation, spacecraft heat preservation/insulation, basin products heat preservation/insulation, bathtub heat preservation/insulation, swimming pool heat preservation/insulation, traffic road sign laying, building surface or interior decoration laying , Square paving, garden paving, water conservancy facility paving, industrial equipment surface protection paving.
  • the material of the glass can be colored opalescent glass liquid.
  • the cladding product 100 is made into a glass tile, which can be installed as a decoration that can be reliably connected to the roof of a building and/or as a platform for collecting solar energy.
  • the cladding product 100 can be made into glass square tiles, which can be set for laying in outdoor venues.
  • the cladding product 100 is made into a blind track brick, which is set for the laying of the blind track.
  • a suitable opacified glass liquid is used to make the cladding product 100, which is set as a pavement for the presentation of other road information and publicity signs.
  • the material of the glass can be transparent liquid glass.
  • the transparent glass liquid is used to make a transparent wear-resistant glass protective cladding product 100, which can be set as the laying of water conservancy facilities, which can protect water conservancy facilities from erosion by water flow and sediment, and facilitate Observe the small changes of the physical structure, and can also be set as the anti-abrasion and corrosion protective lining of industrial equipment.
  • the hollow glass cladding product 100 can be recycled and reused, which is conducive to sustainable development and meets the requirements of circular economy.
  • the hollow glass cladding product 100 has a simple production process and low raw material costs.
  • the energy consumption in the production process can achieve full electrical energy and zero pollutant emissions, which meets the requirements of green and environmental protection.
  • a container 16 is provided in the cavity 13, and the container 16 may be a heat-preserving structure, so as to achieve a better heat-preserving effect of the cladding product 100.
  • the thermal insulation structure can be a polymer thermal insulation material such as polyurethane and aerogel, which can effectively improve the thermal insulation effect of the cladding product 100. If the cladding product 100 is made of non-combustible materials, the thermal insulation materials can be greatly improved because they are wrapped. The anti-combustion grade of this type of polymer material.
  • the thermal insulation structure can also be rock wool or inorganic solid particles, which can achieve a better thermal insulation effect and improve the thermal insulation effect of the cladding product 100.
  • the content 16 can also be a supporting structure, which can assist in resisting the external atmospheric pressure, and facilitate the formation of a large-area vacuum cavity, and a large thermal insulation cladding product 100 with a vacuum cavity can be made.
  • the supporting structure may be at least one of inorganic solid particles, gypsum, glass balls, glass fibers, and metals.
  • the content 16 can also be a suction structure to ensure that the cavity 13 is always under negative pressure, to ensure that the convection in the cavity 13 is always small, and to ensure that the cladding product 100 has a better thermal insulation effect.
  • the container 16 may also be a light-emitting structure, and the light-emitting structure can play a role in illuminating the outside.
  • the light-emitting structure can be a lamp. If the cladding product 100 is made of glass, and the cladding product 100 is provided with a lamp inside, the lamp can emit red, green, and yellow light.
  • the cladding product 100 can be linked with traffic signal lights to mark the road Real-time display of traffic signal information on the Internet, greatly improving the ability of traffic participants to recognize traffic signals.
  • the cladding product 100 can be used as a facing material, set to pave traffic signs, residential stairs, etc., in the dark night without lighting environment, traffic participants can still see clearly and eye-catching Pedestrians can also see the roads in the community, and easily go up and down, and because the fluorescent material has many colors and colorful, the laying of this type of glass cladding product 100 brings people visual enjoyment and can improve the city appearance City appearance.
  • the content 16 can also be a heat exchange structure, and the heat exchange structure can be a liquid.
  • the liquid has the effect of being heated to evaporate and absorb heat, and to be condensed to release heat, which can adjust the temperature of the surrounding environment.
  • the container 16 may also be an energy storage structure, which may be a solar panel, which is electrically connected to the lamp, and the solar panel can convert solar energy into electric energy to realize the supply of energy to the lamp.
  • the cladding product 100 can in turn effectively improve the strength and hardness of the solar panel, and avoid damage to the solar panel.
  • the cladding product 100 includes a shell, a filler 19 and at least two hollow tubes.
  • the hollow tube forms a cavity 13 inside the shell.
  • the hollow tube is arranged in the shell. Filling between the shell and the hollow tube can make the cladding product 100 have a better heat preservation effect.
  • the filler 19 may be at least one of a polymer material, a metal material, and an inorganic material.
  • the filling 19 may be solid, gas or liquid.
  • the cladding product 100 is provided with a recess 1 that is not easy to detach, and the other side of the cladding product 100 is provided with a non-slip shape 18.
  • the non-slip shape 18 can serve as a non-slip stop and can be used at the door of the toilet or on the road for the blind.
  • the cladding product 100 is provided with a non-slip shape 18 composed of a plurality of round tables.
  • the cladding product 100 is provided with a non-slip shape 18 composed of a plurality of cones.
  • the cladding product 100 is provided with a shape composed of a plurality of triangular pyramids.
  • a plurality of non-slip shapes 18 configured as decorations are provided on the cladding product 100, such as apples, mushrooms, bitter gourds, and cherries, which are beautiful and have good ornamental properties.
  • the other side of the cladding product 100 is provided with a vibration shape.
  • the vibration shape may be a bump.
  • the bumps cause the wheel to vibrate, which serves as a reminder to the driver.
  • the other side of the cladding product 100 is provided with an optical characteristic adjustment shape.
  • the optical characteristic adjustment shape includes a plurality of triangular pyramid shapes, a plurality of multi-sided diamond-like small protrusions) or a plurality of truncated truncated cones, so as to change the fact that there are no grooves that are not easy to detach. 1.

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Abstract

本文公开一种制作覆面制品的模具、覆面制品的成型方法以及覆面制品。该模具包括凹模和第一凸模，凹模和第一凸模配合形成容纳腔，容纳腔设置为填充模制覆面制品的原料，第一凸模设置为成型覆面制品上的不易脱凹槽，第一凸模包括易脱造型件和非易脱造型件，易脱造型件和非易脱造型件设置为拼合共同成型不易脱凹槽，且易脱造型件设置为相对非易脱造型件沿第一范围内的方向运动，以从不易脱凹槽中脱模。

Description

制作覆面制品的模具、覆面制品的成型方法以及覆面制品
本申请要求在2020年06月09日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010515961.1的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及饰面技术领域，例如涉及一种制作覆面制品的模具、覆面制品的成型方法以及覆面制品。
背景技术
随着社会朝着低碳经济、绿色经济、可循环经济的方向发展，人们的生活水平日益提升，覆面材料的应用越来越广。
随着经济的发展，社会对能源的消耗也在逐渐增加，节能减排负担依旧繁重。中国建筑能耗占全社会能源消耗的近1/3，并且随着经济的发展建筑能耗还在逐年攀升，而建筑能耗中冬季采暖和夏季空调制冷，占建筑总能耗的50％～70％。因此，加强建筑物保温隔热，减少暖通的使用是降低建筑能耗的有效手段。保温材料依据材料特性来分类，大体分为有机材料(易燃)、无机材料(不燃)和复合材料(阻燃)。主要保温材料按保温效果排序为：真空绝热板、发泡聚氨酯、挤塑聚苯板、岩棉板等。这些保温材料和建筑物联接施工工艺较为复杂，薄抹灰系统脱落的风险也较大。
此外，建筑物非保温材料的覆面制品与建筑物之间的联接也存在不可克服的缺陷，以瓷砖为例，由于瓷砖以其丰富的色彩，便捷的施工方式而深受人们的喜爱。但是，瓷砖和建筑物的联接，本质上是利用覆面制品的吸水性，即材料表面有众多微观孔隙，通过联接媒介(如：水泥砂浆等)的填充实现微嵌入，从而通过众多微观嵌入的约束实现宏观的联接。
由于材料固有的孔隙，易遭受冻融、盐析、干湿温变、污染等环境因素的侵害，最终导致覆面制品损坏、脱落。而人们通过不断提高瓷砖密实度降低材料孔隙率来提升其对环境的耐受性的方法。又导致瓷砖与建筑物表面联接强度降低。尤其是建筑的外贴面，屡屡发生瓷砖脱落，造成人身伤害、财产损失。因此，即使保温材料要利用类似瓷砖这样的微观孔隙联接的原理实现和建筑物联接，也不能达到理想的联接效果。
为了解决上述问题，在覆面制品上设置有不易脱凹槽，不易脱凹槽可以为燕尾槽或者平行槽，建筑物通过不易脱凹槽与覆面制品相连接，建筑物被不易 脱凹槽包裹，能够实现覆面制品与建筑物之间较好的约束，避免覆面制品沿其外表面的法线方向与建筑物的分离。
但是上述联接造型在利用模具进行加工时，燕尾槽会将模具完全包裹，不易实现燕尾槽与模具的脱模，从而导致不易脱凹槽难以成型。模具与平行槽虽然能够沿唯一方向脱模，但平行槽对于模具脱模运动的误差没有容错能力，导致不易脱凹槽的质量较差。
发明内容
本申请提供一种制作覆面制品的模具、覆面制品的成型方法以及覆面制品，能够实现覆面制品的不易脱凹槽与模具较好的脱模效果，使得不易脱凹槽的质量较好。
一种制作覆面制品的模具，包括凹模和所述第一凸模，所述凹模和所述第一凸模配合形成容纳腔，所述容纳腔设置为填充模制所述覆面制品的原料；所述第一凸模设置为成型所述覆面制品上的不易脱凹槽，所述第一凸模包括易脱造型件和非易脱造型件，所述易脱造型件和所述非易脱造型件设置为拼合共同成型所述不易脱凹槽，且所述易脱造型件设置为相对所述非易脱造型件沿第一范围内的方向运动，以从所述不易脱凹槽中脱模。
所述不易脱凹槽包括燕尾槽或平行槽。
沿所述不易脱凹槽的槽底到开口的方向，所述易脱造型件的横截面逐渐增加；沿所述不易脱凹槽的槽底到开口的方向，所述非易脱造型件的横截面逐渐减小。
在所述易脱造型件和所述非易脱造型件拼合共同成型所述不易脱凹槽时，所述易脱造型件的底面相较所述非易脱造型件的底面，向深入所述不易脱凹槽的槽底的方向凹陷，以在所述覆面制品上成型易脱造型。
所述模具还包括：
第二凸模，所述第二凸模在模制过程中深度可调地插接在所述容纳腔中设置为在所述覆面制品上成型塑形造型。
所述第二凸模设置为相对于所述塑形造型在第二范围内的方向运动。
一种覆面制品的成型方法，包括：
采用如上所述的模具进行模制成型；
模制成型后，先将所述易脱造型件从所述不易脱凹槽中脱模，再将所述非易脱造型件从所述不易脱凹槽中脱模。
在模制成型过程中，将所述易脱造型件插入原料的深度深于所述非易脱造型件插入所述原料的深度。
所述模具还包括第二凸模，调整所述第二凸模插入所述容纳腔的深度，以使所述原料填满所述容纳腔。
一种覆面制品，由如上所述的成型方法制得，包括本体，所述本体的外周面上设置有不易脱凹槽，所述不易脱凹槽设置为包覆被覆物体，或被被覆物体包覆以限制所述被覆物体相对所述覆面制品运动；所述不易脱凹槽的槽底向深入所述不易脱凹槽的槽底的方向凹陷形成易脱造型，所述易脱造型为凹槽结构，所述凹槽结构的横截面沿所述凹槽结构的开口到所述凹槽结构的槽底逐渐减小。
所述覆面制品的外周面上还设置有塑形造型，所述塑形造型为凹槽结构。
所述塑形造型的凹槽结构的横截面积不变。
所述塑形造型的凹槽结构的横截面沿所述塑形造型的凹槽结构的开口到所述塑形造型的凹槽结构的槽底逐渐减小。
所述覆面制品为实心或覆面制品的内部开设有空腔。
所述空腔与外界不连通，所述空腔内的气体压强小于一个标准大气压。
所述空腔的内表面设置有热辐射反射镀层。
所述空腔内设置有容纳物，所述容纳物包括保温结构、发光结构、支撑结构、吸气结构、蓄能结构和/或换热结构。
所述发光结构包括灯或荧光物质。
在所述发光结构包括所述灯的情况下，所述发光结构还包括集成电路板以及太阳能板，所述灯和所述太阳能板均与所述集成电路板电连接。
所述本体包括外壳、填充物以及至少两个空心管，所述空心管内部形成一个空腔，所述至少两个空心管设置在所述外壳内，所述不易脱凹槽设置在所述外壳上，所述填充物填充在所述外壳与所述至少两个空心管之间。
所述填充物包括高分子材料、金属材料、和无机材料中的至少一种。
所述填充物包括固体、气体或液体。
所述覆面制品的材料包括玻璃、金属和高分子材料中的至少一种。
所述玻璃的材质包括彩色乳浊玻璃液或透明玻璃液。
所述玻璃内添加有荧光物质。
所述覆面制品的一侧设置有所述不易脱凹槽，所述覆面制品的另一侧设置 有防滑造型、振动造型、装饰造型和光学特性调整造型中的至少之一。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的燕尾槽与第一种模具的装配图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的燕尾槽与第一种模具的爆炸图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的燕尾槽与第二种模具的装配图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的燕尾槽与第二种模具的爆炸图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的平行槽与模具的装配图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的平行槽与模具的爆炸图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的燕尾槽与第三种模具的装配图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的燕尾槽上设置有塑形造型的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的第一种覆面制品的结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的第二种覆面制品的结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的第三种覆面制品的结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的第四种覆面制品的结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的第五种覆面制品的结构示意图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的第六种覆面制品的结构示意图；
图15是本申请实施例提供的第七种覆面制品的结构示意图；
图16是本申请实施例提供的第八种覆面制品的结构示意图。
图中标记如下：
100-覆面制品；200-被覆物体；
1-不易脱凹槽；11-易脱造型；12-外周面；13-空腔；14-密封部；15-热辐射反射镀层；16-容纳物；17-塑形造型；18-防滑造型；19-填充物；
201-第一凸模；2011-易脱造型件；2012-非易脱造型件；202-凹模；203-第二凸模。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请进行说明。
在本申请的描述中，除非另规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固 定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。可以根据情况理解上述术语在本申请中的含义。
在本申请中，除非另有规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“右”、等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
实施例一
本实施例提供一种制作覆面制品的模具，该模具包括第一凸模201，第一凸模201设置为成型覆面制品100上的不易脱凹槽1，第一凸模201包括易脱造型件2011和非易脱造型件2012，易脱造型件2011和非易脱造型件2012能够拼合共同成型不易脱凹槽1，且易脱造型件2011能够相对与其拼合的非易脱造型件2012沿第一范围内的方向运动，以从不易脱凹槽1中脱模。通过采用分块模具的思路，且将易脱造型件2011设置成能够相对与其拼合的非易脱造型件2012在一个范围运动，易脱造型件2011与不易脱凹槽1的脱模方向不唯一，对于易脱造型件2011脱模运动的误差有一定容错能力，脱模后的易脱造型件2011不会对非易脱造型件2012的脱模形成阻挡，能够保证非易脱造型件2012的顺利脱模，避免不易脱凹槽1在成型的过程中发生破损，保证成型后的不易脱凹槽1有较好的质量。
为了实现易脱造型件2011能够相对与其拼合的非易脱造型件2012沿第一范围内的方向运动，不易脱凹槽1的槽底到开口的方向，易脱造型件2011的横截面逐渐增加；沿不易脱凹槽1的槽底到开口的方向，非易脱造型件2012的横截面逐渐减小。
结合附图，对不同造型的不易脱凹槽1所对应的模具进行分别介绍。
如图1所示，不易脱凹槽1可以为燕尾槽，当燕尾槽与建筑物相联接时，燕尾槽将建筑物包覆并实现与建筑物的完全约束，保证覆面制品100与建筑物非常稳固的联接。但是，当利用模具成型燕尾槽时，燕尾槽会将模具完全包裹住，不易实现燕尾槽与模具的脱模，极大影响了燕尾槽的成型质量。
为了解决上述问题，如图1所示，第一凸模201包括易脱造型件2011和非易脱造型件2012，易脱造型件2011和非易脱造型件2012能够拼合共同成型燕尾槽，易脱造型件2011的一个侧面能够沿非易脱造型件2012的侧面滑动，易脱造型2011的另一个侧面能够沿燕尾槽的一个侧面滑动，所以易脱造型件2011能够相对非易脱造型件2012在如图2所示Q方向的范围内运动，易脱造型件2011与燕尾槽的脱模方向不唯一，对于易脱造型件2011脱模运动的误差有一定容错能力，避免燕尾槽在成型的过程中发生破损，保证成型后的燕尾槽有较好的质量。由于易脱造型件2011脱模后会使燕尾槽内部空出一部分空间，易脱造型件2011不会对非易脱造型件2012的脱模造成阻碍，非易脱造型件2012能够在图2中P的脱模方向范围内运动，实现非易脱造型件2012较好的脱模效果。通过上述模具的结构成型燕尾槽不会在成型过程中发生破损，保证成型后的燕尾槽有较好的质量。
在设计易脱造型件2011与非易脱造型件2012时，如果易脱造型件2011和非易脱造型件2012拼合共同成型不易脱凹槽1时，将易脱造型件2011的底面设计成与其拼合的非易脱造型件2012的底面平齐，由于装配误差，实际装配的易脱造型件2011的底面可能比非易脱造型件2012的底面略高，那么将会导致原料将部分非易脱造型2012进行包裹，导致后续非易脱造型2012难以脱模。为了解决上述问题，如图2所示，易脱造型件2011和非易脱造型件2012拼合共同成型不易脱凹槽1时，易脱造型件2011的底面相较与其拼合的非易脱造型件2012的底面，向深入不易脱凹槽1的槽底的方向凹陷，以在覆面制品100上成型易脱造型11，这样即便易脱造型件2011与非易脱造型件2012有一定安装误差，由于设计的易脱造型件2011的底面低于与其拼合的非易脱造型件2012的底面，能够有效防止原料将非易脱造型件2012包裹住，能够保证后续非易脱造型件2012的顺利脱模。因此上述模具设计能够使得覆面制品100上形成易脱造型11。
如图3和图4所示，第一凸模201包括一个易脱造型件2011和两个非易脱造型件2012，两个非易脱造型件2012位于易脱造型件2011的两侧且与易脱造型件2011能够拼合共同成型燕尾槽。易脱造型件2011的一个侧面能够沿其中一个非易脱造型件2012的侧面滑动，易脱造型2011的另一个侧面能够沿另一个非易脱造型件2012的一个侧面滑动，所以易脱造型件2011能够相对非易脱造型件2012在如图4所示W方向的范围内运动，易脱造型件2011与燕尾槽的 脱模方向不唯一，对于易脱造型件2011脱模运动的误差有一定容错能力，避免燕尾槽在成型的过程中发生破损，保证成型后的燕尾槽有较好的质量。
此外，由于易脱造型件2011脱模后会使燕尾槽内部空出一部分空间，易脱造型件2011不会对非易脱造型件2012的脱模造成阻碍，其中一个非易脱造型件2012能够在图4中U的脱模方向范围内运动，另一个非易脱造型件2012能够在图4中V的脱模方向范围内运动，实现两个非易脱造型件2012较好的脱模效果。通过上述模具的结构成型燕尾槽不会在成型过程中发生破损，保证成型后的燕尾槽有较好的质量。
如图5所示，不易脱凹槽1可以为平行槽，当平行槽与建筑物相联接时，平行槽将建筑物包覆并不会相对建筑物的表面的法向方向脱离建筑物，能够保证覆面制品100与建筑物较好的联接效果。但是，当利用模具成型平行槽时，模具与平行槽只能够沿唯一方向脱模，对于模具脱模运动的误差没有容错能力，导致不易脱凹槽的质量较差。
为了解决上述问题，如图5所示，第一凸模201包括易脱造型件2011和非易脱造型件2012，易脱造型件2011和非易脱造型件2012能够拼合共同成型平行槽，易脱造型件2011的一个侧面能够沿非易脱造型件2012的侧面滑动，易脱造型2011的另一个侧面能够沿平行槽的一个侧面滑动，所以易脱造型件2011能够相对非易脱造型件2012在如图6所示R方向的范围内运动，易脱造型件2011与平行槽的脱模方向不唯一，对于易脱造型件2011脱模运动的误差有一定容错能力，避免平行槽在成型的过程中发生破损，保证成型后的平行槽有较好的质量。由于易脱造型件2011脱模后会使平行槽内部空出一部分空间，易脱造型件2011不会对非易脱造型件2012的脱模造成阻碍，非易脱造型件2012能够在图6中S的脱模方向范围内运动，实现非易脱造型件2012较好的脱模效果。通过上述模具的结构成型平行槽不会在成型过程中发生破损，保证成型后的平行槽有较好的质量。
由于覆面制品100通常为注塑成型或者挤压成型，模具还包括凹模202，第一凸模201与凹模202相配合形成设置为填充模制覆面制品100的原料的容纳腔。由于输送设备精度问题，每次输送到容纳腔的流体(如玻璃液或者陶瓷粉料)的量(体积或者质量)会有一定偏差，如果输送的流体的量不足，将无法成型出外轮廓尺寸一致的覆面制品100，从而影响覆面制品100的正常使用。
为了解决上述问题，如图7所示，模具还包括第二凸模203，能够在模制过程中深度可调地插接在容纳腔中，设置为在覆面制品100上成型如图8所示的塑形造型17，通过调整第二凸模203插入容纳腔的深度，实现输入容纳腔中原料将容纳腔填充满的效果，从而实现具有质量偏差的原料成型出外轮廓尺寸一 致的覆面制品100的效果，保证同批次的不同覆面制品100的外轮廓尺寸一致均匀。
此外，为了实现第二凸模203与覆面制品100较好的脱模效果，第二凸模203能相对于塑形造型17在第二范围内的方向运动。第二凸模203由塑形造型17的槽底到塑形造型17的开口的横截面积逐渐增大。
此外，塑形造型17的形状可以设计为与不易脱凹槽1的形状相同，也就是说，覆面制品100上的塑形造型17还可以作为不易脱凹槽1的用途与被覆物体200联接固定，仅通过塑形造型17单一结构的设置，便能实现两种功能，简化了覆面制品100的制作工艺，提高覆面制品100的成型效率，还能够有效节省覆面制品100上的空间，实现覆面制品100较高的空间利用率。
实施例二
本实施例提供一种覆面制品的成型方法，采用如实施例一的模具进行模制成型，包括：模制成型后，先将易脱造型件2011从不易脱凹槽1中脱模，再将非易脱造型件2012从不易脱凹槽1中脱模。通过采用分块模具的思路，且将易脱造型件2011设置成能够相对与其拼合的非易脱造型件2012在一个方向范围内运动，易脱造型件2011与不易脱凹槽1的脱模方向不唯一，对于易脱造型件2011脱模运动的误差有一定容错能力，脱模后的易脱造型件2011不会对非易脱造型件2012的脱模形成阻挡，能够保证非易脱造型件2012的顺利脱模，避免不易脱凹槽1在成型的过程中发生破损，保证成型后的不易脱凹槽1有较好的质量。
如图2所示，模制成型过程中，将易脱造型件2011插入原料的深度深于非易脱造型件2012插入原料的深度，易脱造型件2011的底面低于与其拼合的非易脱造型件2012的底面，以在覆面制品100上成型易脱造型11，这样即便易脱造型件2011与非易脱造型件2012有一定安装误差，由于设计的易脱造型件2011的底面低于与其拼合的非易脱造型件2012的底面，能够有效防止原料将非易脱造型件2012包裹住，能够保证后续非易脱造型件2012的顺利脱模。因此上述模具设计能够使得覆面制品100上形成易脱造型11。
如图7所示，模具还包括第二凸模203，第一凸模201与凹模202相配合形成设置为填充原料的容纳腔，调整第二凸模203插入容纳腔的深度，以使原料填满容纳腔，以在覆面制品100上成型如图8所示的塑形造型17，通过调整第二凸模203插入容纳腔的深度，实现输入容纳腔中原料将容纳腔填充满的效果，从而实现具有质量偏差的原料成型出外轮廓尺寸一致的覆面制品100的效果，保证同批次的不同覆面制品100的外轮廓尺寸一致均匀。
实施例三
本实施例提供一种覆面制品100，由如实施例二提到的成型方法制得，如图8所示，覆面制品100包括本体，本体的外周面12上设置有不易脱凹槽1，不易脱凹槽1能包覆被覆物体200，以限制被覆物体200相对覆面制品100运动，不易脱凹槽1可以为燕尾槽或者平行槽。
在设计易脱造型件2011与非易脱造型件2012时，如果易脱造型件2011和非易脱造型件2012拼合共同成型不易脱凹槽1时，将易脱造型件2011的底面设计成同与其拼合的非易脱造型件2012的底面平齐，由于装配误差，实际装配的易脱造型件2011的底面可能比非易脱造型件2012的底面略高，那么将会导致原料将部分非易脱造型2012进行包裹，导致后续非易脱造型2012难以脱模。为了解决上述问题，如图2所示，易脱造型件2011和非易脱造型件2012拼合共同成型不易脱凹槽1时，易脱造型件2011的底面低于与其拼合的非易脱造型件2012的底面，以在覆面制品100上成型易脱造型11，这样即便易脱造型件2011与非易脱造型件2012有一定安装误差，由于设计的易脱造型件2011的槽底向深入不易脱凹槽1的槽底的方向凹陷成易脱造型11，能够有效防止原料将非易脱造型件2012包裹住，能够保证后续非易脱造型件2012的顺利脱模，由于上述模具设计能够使得覆面制品100上形成易脱造型11。易脱造型11为凹槽结构，该凹槽结构的横截面沿其开口到其槽底逐渐减小，能够实现成型易脱造型11的易脱造型件2011从易脱造型11中的快速脱模。
由于覆面制品100通常为注塑成型或者挤压成型，模具还包括凹模202，第一凸模201与凹模202相配合形成设置为填充模制覆面制品100的原料的容纳腔。由于输送设备精度问题，每次输送到容纳腔的流体(如玻璃液或者陶瓷粉料的量)(体积或者质量)会有一定偏差，如果输送的流体(如玻璃液或者陶瓷粉料)的量不足，将无法成型出外轮廓尺寸一致的覆面制品100，从而影响覆面制品100的正常使用。
为了解决上述问题，如图7所示，模具还包括第二凸模203，能够在模制过程中深度可调地插接在容纳腔中，设置为在覆面制品100上成型如图8所示的塑形造型17，通过调整第二凸模203插入容纳腔的深度，实现输入容纳腔中原料将容纳腔填充满的效果，从而实现具有质量偏差的原料成型出外轮廓尺寸一致的覆面制品100的效果，保证同批次的不同覆面制品100的外轮廓尺寸一致均匀。覆面制品100的外周面12上设置有塑形造型17，塑形造型17能使具有质量偏差的原料成型出外轮廓尺寸一致的覆面制品100。
为了方便精准调整塑形造型17的尺寸，如图8所示，塑形造型17为凹槽结构，凹槽结构的横截面积不变。
为了方便成型塑形造型17的第二凸模203的与塑形造型17的脱模，塑形造型17为凹槽结构，该凹槽结构的横截面沿其开口到其槽底逐渐减小。
如图9所示，本实施例提供的覆面制品100的内部开设有空腔13，空腔13的设置在一定程度上能削弱热传导效果，能够有效提高覆面制品100的保温效果，其中，覆面制品100所形成的空腔13占覆面制品100的体积占比越大，热传导效果越差，覆面制品100的保温效果越好。此外，通过空腔13的设置，该覆面制品100能够保证较好保温性的同时，还能有效减小覆面制品100的重量，实现覆面制品100的轻量化。
结合图9～图12对空腔13的作用进行介绍。
为了简化覆面制品100的结构，提高覆面制品100的成型效率，如图9所示，覆面制品100上的空腔13与外界相连通，该覆面制品100仅通过简单注塑成型便能形成，无需后续组装，结构简单且成型效率高，便于流水化作业生产。
如图10所示，覆面制品100还包括密封部14，密封部14将空腔13在覆面制品100上形成的开口进行封堵，空腔13与外界不连通，空腔13内的气体含量越低，对流越小，覆面制品100的保温效果越好。当空腔13为密封空腔时，密封空腔内的气体压强可选为小于一个标准大气压，能够使对流降低到较小，实现覆面制品100较好的保温效果。此外，如图11所示，覆面制品100还包括热辐射反射镀层15，通过设置热辐射反射镀层15能有效减少空腔13内的辐射，能进一步提高覆面制品100的保温效果。
具有空腔13的覆面制品100还可以贴在盆类制品、浴缸、冷库、车辆、游泳池内表面或外表面，使其具有隔热或保温功能。在覆面制品100的空腔13中加入液体，一方面可以做装饰使用，另一方面利用液体的比热容较大，可实现白天吸热，夜晚放热，有助于保持覆面制品所包裹环境的温度恒定。
覆面制品100的材料可以为玻璃、金属和高分子材料中的至少一种，玻璃、金属或高分子材料具有零吸水率，所以覆面制品100的保温性以及耐久性较好。此外，由于本实施例中的覆面制品100独特的联接造型，能够保证覆面制品100在零吸水率的情况下与被覆物体200的紧密联接，所以本实施例的覆面制品100的耐受性好、保温效果好且与被覆物体200的联接紧密，可以在建筑领域做出贡献。覆面制品100的材料采用耐高温的玻璃，如石英玻璃(正常工作温度1200℃左右，短期耐高温达1400℃)，制成的空腔13为真空的玻璃覆面制品100，可以用作航天器的隔热，由于是空心的，质量很轻，而且采用的石英玻璃的耐高温性能优于航天飞机的黑色隔热瓦(最高可耐1260℃的高温)。真空玻璃覆面制品100或其他材质的真空覆面制品100可设置为冻土地带筑路、建筑物基础的处理，在冻土层与建筑物之间铺贴多层真空覆面制品100，断开冻土层之外的 热量对冻土的扰动。由于真空覆面制品100具有较大的抗压能力，比高分子类保温材料更适宜用作冻土的保温隔热，以确保建筑物基础的稳定。
覆面制品100的材料选择为金属，则可以制成面积大、厚度薄且具有空腔13的覆面制品100，这样可以降低保温材料的体积、提升保温材料延性。
本实施例的覆面制品100应用的领域可以为：建筑物保温/隔热/隔声、冻土基础上筑路或建筑设施的保温/隔热垫层、车辆保温/隔热/隔声、冷库保温/隔热、冰箱保温/隔热、航天器保温/隔热、盆类制品保温/隔热、浴缸保温/隔热、游泳池保温/隔热、交通道路标识铺设、建筑物表面或内部装饰铺设、广场铺设、园林铺设、水利设施铺设、工业设备表面防护铺装。
玻璃的材质可以为彩色乳浊玻璃液，使用彩色乳浊料玻璃液，将覆面制品100制成玻璃瓦，设置为可与建筑物屋顶可靠联接的装饰和/或供收集太阳能的平台之用。使用彩色乳浊料玻璃液，可以将覆面制品100制成玻璃广场砖，设置为室外场地的铺设。使用黄色乳浊料玻璃液，将覆面制品100制成盲道砖，设置为盲道的铺设。使用适宜的乳浊料玻璃液制成覆面制品100，设置为其他路面信息的呈现、公示标识的铺装。
玻璃的材质可以为透明玻璃液，使用透明玻璃液，制成透明耐磨玻璃防护覆面制品100，可设置为水利设施的铺设，这样既能保护水利设施规避水流泥沙冲刷的侵蚀，又能便于观察实体结构的微小变化，也可设置为工业设备的防磨蚀、腐蚀的护衬。
玻璃内添加有荧光物质，若在玻璃液中添加荧光物质，覆面制品100可以作为饰面材料，设置为铺设交通标识、住宅楼梯等，在暗夜无照明环境下，交通参与者仍能看见清晰醒目的标志，行人也能看清小区内道路，便捷地上下楼，并且由于荧光物质有很多颜色，五彩斑斓，这种类型的玻璃覆面制品100的铺设，给人们带来视觉的享受，能够改善市容市貌。
空心玻璃覆面制品100，可以回收再利用，有利于可持续发展，符合循环经济的要求。空心玻璃覆面制品100，生产工艺简单、原材料成本低，生产过程能源消耗可实现全电能，零污染物排放，契合绿色环保的要求。
如图11所示，空腔13内设置有容纳物16，容纳物16可以为保温结构，从而实现覆面制品100较好的保温效果。示例性的，保温结构可以为聚氨酯类、气凝胶等高分子保温材料，可以有效提高覆面制品100的保温效果，若覆面制品100采用不燃材料，则由于这些保温材料被包裹，可以极大提升这类高分子材料的抗燃烧等级。保温结构还可以为岩棉或者无机物固体颗粒，能够起到较好的保温效果，提高覆面制品100的保温效果。
容纳物16还可以为支撑结构，支撑结构能够辅助抵御外界大气压，有利于大面积真空内腔的形成，制成大块具有真空内腔的保温覆面制品100。支撑结构可以为无机物固体颗粒、石膏、玻璃球、玻璃纤维、金属中的至少一种。
容纳物16还可以为吸气结构，能够保证空腔13始终为负压，保证空腔13内的对流始终较小，保证覆面制品100较好的保温效果。
容纳物16还可以为发光结构，发光结构能够起到对外界照明的作用。发光结构可以为灯，如果覆面制品100由玻璃制成，覆面制品100内部设置有灯，灯能发红光、绿光、黄光，覆面制品100可以与交通信号灯联动，即可在路面标志线上实时呈现交通信号灯的信息，极大提升交通参与者识别交通信号的能力。若发光结构为荧光物质，如果覆面制品100由玻璃制成，覆面制品100可以作为饰面材料，设置为铺设交通标识、住宅楼梯等，在暗夜无照明环境下，交通参与者仍能看见清晰醒目的标志，行人也能看清小区内道路，便捷地上下楼，并且由于荧光物质有很多颜色，五彩斑斓，这种类型的玻璃覆面制品100的铺设，给人们带来视觉的享受，能够改善市容市貌。
容纳物16还可以为换热结构，换热结构可以为液体，液体具有受热蒸发吸热，受冷凝结放热的效果，能够实现对周围环境温度的调节。
容纳物16还可以为蓄能结构，蓄能结构可以为太阳能电池板，太阳能电池板与灯电连接，太阳能电池板能够将太阳能转化为电能，实现对灯能源的供给。此外，覆面制品100还能反过来有效提高太阳能板的强度和硬度，避免太阳能板发生损坏。
如图12所示，覆面制品100包括外壳、填充物19以及至少两个空心管，空心管内部形成空腔13，空心管设置在外壳内，不易脱凹槽1设置在外壳上，填充物19填充在外壳与空心管之间，能够使得覆面制品100的保温效果更好。填充物19可以为高分子材料、金属材料、无机材料中的至少一种。填充物19可以为固体、气体或液体。
不易脱凹槽1的材料包括高分子材料、金属材料、无机非金属材料中的至少一种。
覆面制品100的一侧设置有不易脱凹槽1，覆面制品100的另一侧设置有防滑造型18，防滑造型18可以起到防滑止动的作用，可以应用在厕所门口或者盲人的道路上。如图13所示，覆面制品100上设置有多个圆台组成的防滑造型18。如图14所示，覆面制品100上设置有多个圆锥组成的防滑造型18。如图15所示，覆面制品100上设置有多个三棱锥组成的造型。如图16所示，覆面制品100上设置有多个设置为装饰的防滑造型18，比如苹果、蘑菇、苦瓜、樱桃，美观， 观赏性好。
覆面制品100的另一侧设置有振动造型，振动造型可以为凸起块，当覆面制品100铺附在公路上时，凸起块引发车轮振动，起到提醒驾驶员注意的作用。
覆面制品100的另一侧设置有光学特性调整造型，光学特性调整造型包括多个三棱锥造型、多个多棱面似钻石尖小突起)或者多个圆台，起到改变了没有不易脱凹槽1的覆面制品100的表面的反光特性的效果。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种制作覆面制品的模具，包括凹模(202)和第一凸模(201)，所述凹模(202)和所述第一凸模(201)配合形成容纳腔，所述容纳腔设置为填充模制覆面制品(100)的原料；所述第一凸模(201)设置为成型所述覆面制品(100)上的不易脱凹槽(1)，所述第一凸模(201)包括易脱造型件(2011)和非易脱造型件(2012)，所述易脱造型件(2011)和所述非易脱造型件(2012)设置为拼合共同成型所述不易脱凹槽(1)，且所述易脱造型件(2011)设置为相对所述非易脱造型件(2012)沿第一范围内的方向运动，以从所述不易脱凹槽(1)中脱模。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制作覆面制品的模具，其中，所述不易脱凹槽(1)包括燕尾槽或平行槽。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制作覆面制品的模具，其中，沿所述不易脱凹槽(1)的槽底到开口的方向，所述易脱造型件(2011)的横截面逐渐增加；沿所述不易脱凹槽(1)的槽底到开口的方向，所述非易脱造型件(2012)的横截面逐渐减小。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制作覆面制品的模具，其中，在所述易脱造型件(2011)和所述非易脱造型件(2012)拼合共同成型所述不易脱凹槽(1)的情况下，所述易脱造型件(2011)的底面相较所述非易脱造型件(2012)的底面，向深入所述不易脱凹槽(1)的槽底的方向凹陷，以在所述覆面制品(100)上成型易脱造型(11)。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的制作覆面制品的模具，还包括：
    第二凸模(203)，所述第二凸模(203)在模制过程中深度可调地插接在所述容纳腔中设置为在所述覆面制品(100)上成型塑形造型(17)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制作覆面制品的模具，其中，所述第二凸模(203)设置为相对于所述塑形造型(17)在第二范围内的方向运动。
  7. 一种覆面制品的成型方法，包括：
    采用如权利要求1～6任一项所述的模具进行模制成型；
    模制成型后，先将易脱造型件(2011)从不易脱凹槽(1)中脱模，再将非易脱造型件(2012)从所述不易脱凹槽(1)中脱模。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的成型方法，其中，在模制成型过程中，所述易脱造型件(2011)插入原料的深度深于所述非易脱造型件(2012)插入所述原料的深度。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的成型方法，还包括：
    调整所述模具的第二凸模(203)插入容纳腔的深度，以使所述原料填满所述容纳腔。
  10. 一种覆面制品，由如权利要求7～9任一项所述的成型方法制得，包括本体，所述本体的外周面(12)上设置有不易脱凹槽(1)，所述不易脱凹槽(1)设置为包覆被覆物体(200)或被被覆物体(200)包覆，以限制所述被覆物体(200)相对所述覆面制品(100)运动；所述不易脱凹槽(1)的槽底向深入所述不易脱凹槽(1)的槽底的方向凹陷形成易脱造型(11)，所述易脱造型(11)为凹槽结构，所述凹槽结构的横截面沿所述凹槽结构的开口到所述凹槽结构的槽底逐渐减小。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的覆面制品，其中，所述覆面制品(100)的外周面(12)上还设置有塑形造型(17)，所述塑形造型(17)为凹槽结构。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的覆面制品，其中，所述塑形造型(17)的凹槽结构的横截面积不变。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的覆面制品，其中，所述塑形造型(17)的凹槽结构的横截面沿所述塑形造型(17)的凹槽结构的开口到所述塑形造型(17)的凹槽结构的槽底逐渐减小。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的覆面制品，其中，所述覆面制品(100)为实心或所述覆面制品(100)的内部开设有空腔(13)。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的覆面制品，其中，所述空腔(13)与外界不连通，所述空腔(13)内的气体压强小于一个标准大气压。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的覆面制品，其中，所述空腔(13)的内表面设置有热辐射反射镀层(15)。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的覆面制品，其中，所述空腔(13)内设置有容纳物(16)，所述容纳物(16)包括保温结构、发光结构、支撑结构、吸气结构、蓄能结构、和换热结构中的至少之一。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的覆面制品，其中，所述发光结构包括灯或荧光物质。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的覆面制品，其中，在所述发光结构包括所述灯的情况下，所述发光结构还包括集成电路板以及太阳能板，所述灯和所述太阳能板均与所述集成电路板电连接。
  20. 根据权利要求14所述的覆面制品，其中，所述本体包括外壳、填充物(19)以及至少两个空心管，所述空心管内部形成一个空腔(13)，所述至少 两个空心管设置在所述外壳内，所述不易脱凹槽(1)设置在所述外壳上，所述填充物(19)填充在所述外壳与所述至少两个空心管之间。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的覆面制品，其中，所述填充物包括高分子材料、金属材料、和无机材料中的至少一种。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的覆面制品，其中，所述填充物包括固体、气体或液体。
  23. 根据权利要求10所述的覆面制品，其中，所述覆面制品(100)的材料包括玻璃、金属、和高分子材料中的至少一种。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的覆面制品，其中，所述玻璃的材质包括彩色乳浊玻璃液或透明玻璃液。
  25. 根据权利要求23所述的覆面制品，其中，所述玻璃内添加有荧光物质。
  26. 根据权利要求10所述的覆面制品，其中，所述覆面制品(100)的一侧设置有所述不易脱凹槽(1)，所述覆面制品(100)的另一侧设置有防滑造型(18)、振动造型、装饰造型、和光学特性调整造型中的至少之一。
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