WO2021238228A1 - 基于"标准化温度"的宽温度范围下电池健康状态在线估测方法 - Google Patents
基于"标准化温度"的宽温度范围下电池健康状态在线估测方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021238228A1 WO2021238228A1 PCT/CN2021/070228 CN2021070228W WO2021238228A1 WO 2021238228 A1 WO2021238228 A1 WO 2021238228A1 CN 2021070228 W CN2021070228 W CN 2021070228W WO 2021238228 A1 WO2021238228 A1 WO 2021238228A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of electric vehicles, and specifically relates to battery health estimation
- SOH battery state of health
- the SOH of a battery is generally measured by methods such as the maximum available capacity or internal resistance of the battery.
- most researches mainly use the establishment of a battery model to obtain the current health status.
- Common battery models mainly include electrochemical model, empirical model and equivalent circuit model.
- the calculation results of the electrochemical model are extremely accurate, but the model parameters are many and the calculations are complicated; the empirical model requires a large amount of experimental and test data to support, it takes a long time, and the versatility is poor; the equivalent circuit model equates the battery to a resistor-capacitor string
- the parallel structure can monitor the SOH in real time, the calculation accuracy is not high, and multiple algorithm optimizations are usually required.
- the battery capacity incremental curve (Incremental Capacity, IC) is obtained by deriving the battery charging curve, which can intuitively reflect the multi-stage lithium insertion process during battery charging, and is a non-destructive method to detect the internal aging mechanism of the battery.
- IC Battery Capacity
- the present invention proposes an online battery health state estimation method under a wide temperature range based on "standardized temperature", which mainly includes obtaining the battery IC curve and establishing a quantitative relationship between the temperature sensitive characteristic points of the standard battery and the temperature. Under the standardized transformation of IC curve, the relationship between capacity sensitive feature points and capacity based on BOX-COX is established.
- the above-mentioned battery IC curve can be obtained by conventional numerical differentiation, which can be obtained by fitting a polynomial first and then deriving it. It can also be solved by referring to the method in the invention patent (CN 109632138 A).
- the present invention only provides examples, and does not limit the specific solution method.
- the method for establishing the quantitative relationship between the temperature sensitive feature points of the standard battery and the temperature is as follows:
- the present invention selects the second stagnation point of the IC with the most obvious stagnation point characteristic as the temperature-sensitive characteristic point, and studies the relationship between the characteristic point voltage and temperature.
- a, b, and c are the fitting parameters, T is the temperature, and y is the offset value of the characteristic point voltage.
- the IC curve at different temperatures needs to be subjected to standardized temperature processing.
- Arrhenius fitting the quantitative relationship between temperature sensitive characteristic points (stagnation point voltage) and temperature change is obtained, and the corresponding degree of the charging QV curve voltage at high temperature (>30°C) (bringing temperature into the fitting equation) is biased Shift to obtain the QV curve after the standardized temperature, and then refer to the method of solving the battery IC curve to obtain the battery IC curve after the standardized temperature.
- the stagnation point height on the IC curve is mainly shown as the gradual decrease in the stagnation point height, as shown in Figure 1. Therefore, the second stagnation of the IC curve is adopted in the present invention.
- the point height is used as the capacity sensitive feature point.
- Y is the dependent variable
- X is the independent variable
- ⁇ is the coefficient matrix
- ⁇ is the error.
- the Box-Cox transformation is expressed as:
- y is the original variable
- subscript k corresponding to y represents the k-th variable
- ⁇ is the conversion parameter that needs to be calculated
- on the left Represents the kth variable after conversion.
- the maximum likelihood function is used to calculate the optimal ⁇ , assuming that ⁇ is independent and obeys a normal distribution, and y conforms to y ⁇ (X ⁇ , ⁇ 2 I), X is the independent variable matrix, ⁇ is the coefficient matrix, ⁇ 2 is the variance, I Is the identity matrix, n is the number of samples, the maximum likelihood function is expressed as:
- the best ⁇ can be obtained by seeking the maximum value of (7).
- the transformed characteristic point height is fitted to the battery SOH, and a fixed linear expression of the SOH and the characteristic point height is established.
- the present invention broadens the temperature range of the IC curve to solve the battery SOH through the "standardized temperature” transformation, thereby solving the problem of the low accuracy of the IC curve to solve the battery SOH in a wide temperature range.
- the present invention introduces the "BOX-COX" transformation, which reduces the influence of unobservable errors on the estimation result, makes the transformed feature height and SOH have a linear relationship, and improves the stability of the IC curve estimation SOH.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the characteristic points of the battery capacity and temperature-sensitive IC curve
- Figure 3 is the fitting curve of the voltage difference at the characteristic points of the IC curve at different temperatures
- Figures 4-9 are respectively 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C battery IC curves after standardized temperature
- Figure 10 shows the linear fitting result of SOH and converted feature point height
- Figure 1 shows the IC curves of batteries with different temperatures and aging.
- the IC curve shifts to the right, and the height of the characteristic points decreases after the battery is aged.
- the IC feature point height (dQ/dV) is affected by voltage and therefore indirectly affected by the voltage offset caused by temperature. Therefore, in estimating the SOH by the feature point height, temperature interference needs to be eliminated and standardized temperature processing is performed.
- Figure 2 is a flowchart of the online estimation of battery SOH according to the present invention, which mainly includes two parts, offline calibration and online estimation.
- the health status of the five batteries selected by the present invention is shown in Table 1.
- the off-line calibration phase put the unaged standard battery at a fixed ambient temperature (-5°C, 0°C, 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C) and let it stand for 2 hours to ensure the same temperature inside and outside the battery. Charge and discharge the battery at 0.1C to get the battery charging curve at different temperatures; after the experiment is completed, the battery capacity increase curve is obtained through numerical calculation.
- each temperature value is brought into to obtain the corresponding offset value of different temperature, the corresponding degree of offset of the charging QV curve voltage at the corresponding temperature, the QV curve after the normalized temperature is obtained, and then numerically differentiated again Obtain or first fit the polynomial and then derive or refer to the method in the invention patent (CN 109632138 A) to solve the capacity increment curve at the standardized temperature. 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C battery IC curve.
- Box-Cox After extracting the height of the characteristic point after the standardized temperature, Box-Cox transforms the height of the characteristic point.
- the Box-Cox transformation is expressed as:
- y is the original variable
- subscript k corresponding to y represents the k-th variable
- ⁇ is the conversion parameter that needs to be calculated
- on the left Represents the kth variable after conversion.
- the maximum likelihood function is used to calculate the optimal ⁇ , and the calculation method is as follows:
- n is the total number of samples, and the parameters ⁇ and ⁇ 2 to be tested can be expressed as:
- the online estimation stage first extracts the charging voltage, current and temperature data when the battery is charging, and then obtains the capacity increase curve.
- the characteristic point is reached, the standardized temperature characteristic curve is obtained according to the offline calibrated temperature normalization equation.
- the Box-Cox transformation is performed on the height of the standardized temperature feature points, and the transformation parameter ⁇ is the best parameter for offline calibration.
- the transformed data is brought into the offline calibration linear equation to obtain the battery health status SOH.
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Abstract
Description
1号电池 | 2号电池 | 3号电池 | 4号电池 | 5号电池 | |
健康状态 | 0.98 | 0.88 | 0.82 | 0.70 | 0.56 |
Claims (8)
- 基于“标准化温度”的宽温度范围下电池健康状态在线估测方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:S1,求取电池IC曲线;S2,建立标准电池温度敏感特征点电压与温度定量关系;S3,不同温度下IC曲线标准化变换;S4,建立基于BOX-COX的容量敏感特征点与容量关系。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于“标准化温度”的宽温度范围下电池健康状态在线估测方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2的实现包括选择温度敏感特征点:当电池温度降低时,电池内阻增加,动力学损失增加,主要体现在IC曲线整体向右偏移,IC曲线驻点电压值增加,此时选取驻点特征最为明显的IC第二驻点作为温度敏感特征点,建立特征点电压与温度关系。
- 根据权利要求2所述的基于“标准化温度”的宽温度范围下电池健康状态在线估测方法,其特征在于,基于权利要求2所选择的温度敏感特征点,步骤S2中建立温度敏感特征点电压与温度定量关系的具体方法如下:首先选取两节未老化标准电池,将电池分别在固定环境温度(-5℃,0℃,5℃,10℃,15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃,35℃,40℃,45℃,50℃,55℃)充分静置2小时,以保证电池内外温度一致;以0.1C对电池进行充放电循环,得到不同温度下充电曲线并求取IC曲线,提取不同温度下特征点电压值,为了定量描述特征点偏移与温度关系,以标准温度(25℃)为基准,将其他温度特征点电压值与标准温度下特征点电压值作差,得到温度与特征点电压偏移值对应关系,并采用阿伦尼乌兹函数拟合得到特征点电压与温度关系:其中a,b,c为拟合参数,T为温度,y为特征点电压偏移值。
- 根据权利要求3所述的基于“标准化温度”的宽温度范围下电池健康状态在线估测方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3不同温度下IC曲线标准化变换的方法包括如下:根据阿伦尼乌兹拟合结果得到温度敏感特征点电压(即驻点电压)随温度变化定量关系,将高温下充电Q-V曲线电压进行对应程度偏移,得到标准化温度后的Q-V曲线,然后再次通过数值方法得到标准化温度处理后的IC曲线。
- 根据权利要求4所述的基于“标准化温度”的宽温度范围下电池健康状态在线估测方法,其特征在于,所述高温下充电Q-V曲线是指温度大于30℃的充电Q-V曲线;所述将充电Q-V曲线电压进行对应程度偏移是通过将温度带入拟合方程实现。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于“标准化温度”的宽温度范围下电池健康状态在线估测方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4的实现包括容量敏感特征点的选择:随着电池不断老化,电池正负极活性材料和可循环锂离子逐渐损失,在IC曲线上主要表现为驻点高度逐渐降低,选择IC曲线第二驻点高度作为容量敏感特征点。
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