WO2021237991A1 - 扁线定子组件及电机 - Google Patents

扁线定子组件及电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021237991A1
WO2021237991A1 PCT/CN2020/117206 CN2020117206W WO2021237991A1 WO 2021237991 A1 WO2021237991 A1 WO 2021237991A1 CN 2020117206 W CN2020117206 W CN 2020117206W WO 2021237991 A1 WO2021237991 A1 WO 2021237991A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
card issuing
coil
coils
coil group
hairpin
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/117206
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩永杰
刘钧
冯颖盈
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上海威迈斯新能源有限公司
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Publication of WO2021237991A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021237991A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H02K3/345—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/50—Fastening of winding heads, equalising connectors, or connections thereto
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
    • H02K2203/06—Machines characterised by the wiring leads, i.e. conducting wires for connecting the winding terminations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of motor manufacturing, in particular to a rectangular wire stator assembly and a motor.
  • Flat wire windings have a higher slot full rate, higher power density and better heat dissipation capacity than conventional scattered wire windings, so they are gradually being used in the field of vehicle drive motors.
  • the flat wire winding motor has fewer turns per slot, usually the number of conductors is 4, 6, and 8.
  • the Chinese Patent Publication No. CN104124803B discloses a strip-wound stator winding arrangement with long and short pitch coils. As shown in Figure 2, the 6-layer conductor Divided into 3 sets of windings to form 3 parallel sub-windings, but each parallel branch is only connected in the adjacent layer (between the two layers). There is a large current imbalance in the three branches, which introduces a large The additional loss of circulating current reduces the efficiency during high-speed operation.
  • the Chinese Patent Publication No. CN106026435A discloses an electrical device and a stator assembly for the electrical device. It has 6 layers of conductors and 3 branches in parallel, of which 2 branches use 1, 2 layers and 5, 6 Layers of coils are connected in series, and the third branch is series of coils of layers 3 and 4.
  • the current imbalance of the parallel branch is weakened, but there is still circulating current loss.
  • a complex busbar structure is added, which increases the height of the end. It also increases costs accordingly.
  • the Chinese patent with publication number CN107546877A discloses a rectangular wire stator and motor with 6 layers and 2 circuits in parallel per slot.
  • the main hairpin line is distributed on 1/2 layer, 3/4 layer, and 5/6 layer, but Due to the existence of 2/3 layer and 4/5 layer cross hairpin line, and its lead line is located on the side of the crown, the two branch lead lines are located at the outermost layer and the innermost layer respectively, and the lead line and neutral line are both special-shaped lines , Resulting in complex structure forming, a large number of molds required in actual production, and increased equipment investment costs in mass production.
  • the present invention proposes a rectangular wire stator assembly.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a rectangular wire stator assembly, which is characterized by comprising: a stator core and at least one stator winding;
  • the inner wall of the stator core is provided with a plurality of installation slots along the circumferential direction, and the card issuing coils are inserted into the installation slots, and the conductors in the plurality of the card issuing coil slots in the same installation slot are arranged in L layers in sequence. , All the card issuing coils are divided into a first card issuing coil group, a second card issuing coil group, and a third card issuing coil group according to the different positions in the respective installation slots of the straight section.
  • the card issuing coils in the first card issuing coil group The two straight sections are located at the position of the first layer of the card issuing coil corresponding to the mounting slot, and the two linear sections of the card issuing coil in the second card issuing coil group are respectively evenly distributed in a pair of mounting slots T, T+1,. .., L-1 layer is where the card issuing coil is located, L is an even number ⁇ 2, and T is an even number ⁇ L, the two straight sections of the card issuing coil in the third card issuing coil group are located on the Lth layer of the corresponding installation slot The location of the card issuing coil;
  • the stator winding includes M parallel sub-windings composed of card issuing coils distributed in different installation slots in series, and each of the sub-windings is composed of a first card issuing coil group, a second card issuing coil group, and a third card issuing coil group. Part or all of the card issuing coils in each group are connected in series;
  • the sub-windings are all provided with lead wires, the lead wires are located on the welding side of the stator core, and the lead wires are connected to the first and second layers of the mounting slot, or, L-1 and L Floor.
  • the number of slots in the stator core is Z
  • the number of stator magnetic poles is 2p
  • the crown side span of the card issuing coil of the first card issuing coil group is Z/(2p)
  • the card issuing of the third card issuing coil group includes Z/(2p)+1 and Z/(2p)-1.
  • the crown side span of the card issuing coil of the second card issuing coil group is Z/(2p)+1, Z One of /(2p), Z/(2p)-1.
  • the number of slots in the stator core is Z
  • the number of stator magnetic poles is 2p
  • the crown side span of the card issuing coil of the third card issuing coil group is Z/(2p)
  • the card issuing of the first card issuing coil group includes Z/(2p)+1 and Z/(2p)-1.
  • the crown side span of the card issuing coil of the second card issuing coil group is Z/(2p)+1, Z One of /(2p), Z/(2p)-1.
  • the number of mounting slots corresponding to one stator pole in one phase is q
  • q is an even number greater than or equal to 2
  • the first card issuing coil group includes q*p card issuing coils
  • the second card issuing coil group includes q*p*(L -2) Card issuing coils
  • the third card issuing coil group includes q*p card issuing coils.
  • the sub-winding is composed of p*L card issuing coils in series, and each includes p card issuing coils of the first card issuing coil group, p*(L-2) card issuing coils of the second card issuing coil group, and a third card issuing coil. P hairpin coils of the coil group.
  • the first card issuing coil group includes the same number of first coils with the crown side span of Z/(2p)+1 and the second coils with the crown side span of Z/(2p)-1.
  • the first coil is sleeved outside the second coil to form a first coil pair and arranged on the stator core. Two adjacent first coil pairs in each phase are arranged at intervals of Z/p installation slots.
  • the first card issuing coil of each phase Group of adjacent Z/m/p installation slots;
  • the second card issuing coil group contains a unique card issuing coil span, and two card issuing coils with a mounting slot spaced apart as a second coil pair are arranged on the stator core, and two adjacent second coil pairs of each phase are separated by Z /2/p installation slots are arranged, Z/m/p installation slots are adjacent to the second card issuing coil group of each phase;
  • the card issuing coils contained in the third card issuing coil group have a unique span, and the two card issuing coils in two adjacent installation slots are arranged on the stator core as a third coil pair, and each phase has two adjacent third coils. Arrange the Z/p installation slots at intervals, and the third card issuing coil group of each phase is adjacent to Z/p installation slots.
  • the lead wires of the sub-windings of each phase are connected in Y-type or delta-type.
  • one end of the stator core forms a crown side
  • the opposite end forms a welding side
  • all the hairpin coils at one end of the welding side are located in the The odd-numbered layers of the mounting slots are twisted in one direction, the hairpin coils in the even-numbered layers are twisted in the other direction, and the ends of the hairpin coils between different layers are welded in sequence to achieve electrical connection.
  • the present invention also provides a motor, which includes the above-mentioned rectangular wire stator assembly and rotor assembly.
  • the hairpin coils in the parallel sub-windings of each phase are evenly distributed in the positions of the different layers in the installation slots of each pole, so that the back EMF and current of the parallel sub-windings are exactly the same, eliminating the additional circulating current of the stator windings caused by the parallel connection of the sub-windings Copper loss, thereby improving the high-speed efficiency of the motor, ensuring the uniformity of the stator winding temperature, thereby increasing the life of the motor;
  • the lead-out wires of each parallel sub-winding are located in adjacent positions, which greatly simplifies the complexity of the Busbar and improves its reliability. At the same time, it reduces the amount of neutral copper bars, and saves injection materials, reducing the height of the end. Thereby reducing the material cost and manufacturing cost of the entire stator assembly;
  • the type of hairpin coil wire type on the crown side is greatly reduced.
  • the lead wire is located on the welding side, there are no special-shaped Ipin wires and special-shaped neutral wires, and the overall structure is relatively simplified; if mold forming is used, the number of hairpin coil forming molds is reduced. And the number of forming equipment. If the manipulator is used for bending, the number of bending machines will be reduced, and the investment cost of manufacturing equipment will ultimately be reduced;
  • the card issuing coils of each layer are independent of each other, and there is no additional cross-layer card issuing line, so that fully automatic wire insertion can be realized through independent wire cups, which simplifies the manufacturing process and facilitates mass production.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stator assembly in the first embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a connection diagram of three parallel sub-windings
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a motor stator rotor
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the card issuing coil
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation slot and the conductor in the slot
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the card issuing coil structure of the first card issuing coil group in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first card issuing coil group
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the second card issuing coil group which is the structure of the card issuing coil
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second card issuing coil group.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the card issuing coil structure of the third card issuing coil group
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third card issuing coil set
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the three-phase winding connection
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the hairpin coils in the three-phase stator winding installation slots in the first embodiment
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection of the three-phase lead wires
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of the card issuing coil structure of the first card issuing coil group in the second embodiment
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the hairpin coils in the installation slots of the three-phase stator windings in the third embodiment.
  • a rectangular wire stator assembly includes a stator core 2 and at least one stator winding.
  • the inner wall of the stator core 2 is provided with Z mounting slots along the circumferential direction, and hairpin coils are inserted into the mounting slots, and the same
  • a plurality of the card issuing coils in the installation slot are arranged in L layer in sequence (L is an even number greater than or equal to 2), and all the card issuing coils are divided into the first card issuing coil group T1 and the first card issuing coil group according to the different positions in the installation slot.
  • the installation slots are all through rectangular slots, and each rectangular slot is provided with insulating paper 6 to ensure electrical insulation between the hairpin coil and the stator core 2.
  • the hairpin coil is made of flat wire, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the two straight sections of the card issuing coil in the first card issuing coil set T1 are located on the first layer of a pair of installation slots, and the two straight sections of the card issuing coil in the second card issuing coil set T2 are respectively evenly distributed on the first layer of the pair of installation slots.
  • L is an even number ⁇ 2
  • T is an even number ⁇ L.
  • the two straight sections of the card issuing coil in the third card issuing coil group T3 are located in a pair of installations In the L-th layer of the slot, the sub-winding is composed of multiple hairpin coils distributed in series with different magnetic poles and different layers in different installation slots.
  • the above stator assembly ensures that the back EMF of the parallel sub-windings is exactly the same by uniformly distributing the hairpin coils of the parallel sub-windings in each phase of the stator windings in the different layers and poles of the stator slot, and completely eliminates the circulating current between the parallel sub-windings. , Thereby reducing the additional copper loss of circulating current in high-speed operation, and ensuring the uniformity of temperature rise in the inner and outer layers of the stator winding.
  • stator assembly is applied to an m-phase motor.
  • each mounting slot of the stator core 2 has 4 conductors, which are in turn from the outside to the inside in the radial direction of the motor.
  • the rectangular wire stator assembly includes a total of three stator windings.
  • Each stator winding corresponds to a phase and is composed of 2 parallel sub-windings.
  • the card issuing coil of the third card issuing coil set T3 is on the crown side.
  • the card issuing coils in the sub-winding have many different combinations.
  • the card issuing coil of the second card issuing coil group T2 is the crown side.
  • the structure of the first coil T11 and the second coil T12 are similar. The difference is only in the span.
  • the first coil T11 includes bending parts B10 and B14, straight sections B11 and B13 inserted into the mounting slot, and two straight lines
  • the segment connecting portion B12 is U-shaped as a whole, and the straight segment portions B11 and B13 are respectively located in the same layer in the installation groove and located in the first layer.
  • the straight sections B11 and B13 of the first coil T11 are inserted into the mounting slot from one axial side of the stator core 2 and bend in the same direction on the other axial side of the stator core 2 to form the bent portions B10 and B14,
  • the number of stator slots spanned between the straight sections B11 and B13 formed by the connecting portion B12 forms the crown side 7 span, and the one end of the stator core 2 near the bending part is the welding side 3 and the other end is the crown side 7.
  • the first card issuing coil set T1 may also include three card issuing coils with spans on the crown side 7 of 5, 6, and 7, respectively.
  • a single card issuing coil of the second card issuing coil group T2 includes bent parts B10 and B14, straight line sections B11 and B13 inserted into the mounting slot, and two straight line connecting parts B12, which are U-shaped as a whole.
  • the single coil of the third card issuing coil group T3 includes bent portions B10 and B14, straight-line portions B11 and B13 inserted into the installation slot, and two straight-line connecting portions B12, which are U-shaped as a whole.
  • the straight sections B11 and B13 of the T3 coil of the third hairpin coil group are inserted into the mounting slot from one axial side of the stator core 2 and bent in the same direction on the other side of the stator core 2 axially, thereby forming a bent part B10 And B14, the crown side 7 formed by the connecting portion B12 between the straight line segments B11 and B13 is a full distance of 6.
  • the three-phase third card issuing coil group T3 is composed of 24 card issuing coils, corresponding to 8 card issuing coils per phase, and two card issuing coils in two adjacent installation slots are arranged on the stator core 2 as the third coil pair.
  • the stator windings of phase W and W phase differ by 4 installation slots respectively.
  • the U-phase is used to illustrate the composition of each parallel sub-winding.
  • the U-phase first parallel sub-winding has a total of 16 coils, consisting of 4 second coils T12 in the first card issuing coil group T1, 8 card issuing coils in the second card issuing coil group T2, and third
  • the 4 card issuing coils in the card issuing coil group T3 are connected in series.
  • the U-phase first parallel sub-winding P1 can also be composed of 4 first coils T11 in the first card issuing coil group T1, 8 card issuing coils in the second card issuing coil group T2, and 4 card issuing coils in the third card issuing coil group T3. Issuing coil composition.
  • the second parallel sub-winding is composed of 4 second coils T12 in the first card issuing coil group T1, 8 card issuing coils in the second card issuing coil group T2, and 4 card issuing coils in the third card issuing coil group T3.
  • the hairpin coils of each phase are inserted into the stator slots from one side of the stator core 2 in the axial direction, they are bent and twisted on the other side of the stator core 2 in the axial direction.
  • the even-numbered layer is twisted in the other direction to form the bending part of the hairpin coil.
  • the bent part of the first hairpin coil set T1 and the bent part of the corresponding second hairpin coil set T2 are electrically connected by welding, and the second hairpin coil set T2
  • the bending part and the bending part of the corresponding third hairpin coil group T3 are electrically connected by welding.
  • the number of stator slots spanned by the two welding parts forms the welding side 3 span, and the welding side 3 span can be 5, 6, 7 One type, TIG welding, plasma welding, laser welding, etc. can be used for welding.
  • the smallest unit of electrical connection is formed by the sub-windings.
  • the head and tail leads 4 of each parallel sub-winding are located on the welding side 3, and they are all located in the first and second layers, or the third and fourth layers, in the same stator winding.
  • the lead wires 4 of the two parallel sub-windings are combined into one, and the stator assembly of the three-phase motor has a total of three lead wires 4, as shown in Figure 15, the three lead wires 4 are connected into a Y-shape through a neutral copper bar 5 Or delta type.
  • the last three lead wires 4 of the three-phase stator assembly are all located on the welding side 3 and can be directly connected to the terminals, which greatly simplifies the Busbar complexity and improves its reliability
  • the amount of neutral copper bar 5 is reduced, and the injection material is omitted, and the end height is reduced, thereby reducing the material cost and manufacturing cost of the entire stator assembly.
  • the hairpin coils mentioned above need to be obtained by stamping and forming by a manipulator, or by bending by a manipulator, although the punching method of the mold has high precision and efficiency, it requires an additional mold, while the bending method of the manipulator has poor molding accuracy and efficiency. Relatively low, but flexible.
  • the stator winding consists of two card issuing coils in the first card issuing coil, one card issuing coil in the second card issuing coil set T2, and one card issuing coil in the third card issuing coil set T3.
  • the card issuing coil consists of 4 types of card issuing coils. The types of card issuing coils are greatly reduced. If the mold forming method is adopted, the number of card issuing molds is reduced. For mass production, the investment in forming equipment or bending equipment can be reduced, thereby reducing production cost.
  • the first card issuing coil set T1, the second card issuing coil set T2, and the third card issuing coil set T3 are independent of each other. There is no additional crossover wire. Fully automatic wire insertion can be realized through independent wire cups, which greatly improves the size. Mass production efficiency.
  • the first card issuing coil set T1 includes three types of card issuing coils on the crown side.
  • the card issuing coil group T1 is composed of 24 card issuing coils, including 6 first card issuing coil group T1, first coil T11, 6 first card issuing coil group T1, second coil T12, and 12 first card issuing coil group T1, third coil.
  • each phase includes two first coils T11 of the first card issuing coil set T1, two second coils T12 of the first card issuing coil set T1, and four first card issuing coils T1.
  • the third coil, and the span of the third coil is 6.
  • the three-phase second card issuing coil group T2 is the same as the first embodiment.
  • the span of the crown side 7 is one of 5, 6, and 7, and consists of 48 card issuing coils, corresponding to each phase, that is, each phase contains 16
  • the three-phase third card issuing coil group T3 is the same as the first embodiment, the crown side 7 has a span of 6, and consists of 24 card issuing coils, corresponding to each phase, that is, each phase contains 8
  • FIG. 17 another rectangular wire stator assembly is disclosed, as shown in FIG. 17.
  • the two straight sections of the card issuing coil in the first card issuing coil set T1 are located on the same layer and the first layer, and the two linear sections of the card issuing coil in the second card issuing coil set T2 are respectively located on the 2, 3, 4, Layers 5, 6, and 7, the two straight-line sections of the card issuing coil in the third card issuing coil set T3 are located on the same layer and on the 8th layer.
  • the three-phase first card issuing coil group T1 is composed of 24 card issuing coils, including 12 first coils T11 of the first card issuing coil group T1 and 12 second coils T12 of the first card issuing coil group T1;
  • three-phase second card issuing coils Group T2 consists of 144 card issuing coils, including 48 card issuing coils on the 2nd and 3rd floors, 48 card issuing coils on the 4th and 5th floors, and 48 card issuing coils on the 6th and 7th floors;
  • the coil group T3 is composed of 24 card issuing coils.
  • the stator winding when the number of card issuing coils in the installation slot is 4 layers, the stator winding consists of 2 card issuing coils in the first card issuing coil, 1 card issuing coil in the second card issuing coil group T2, and the third card issuing coil.
  • the card issuing coil group T3 is composed of 1 card issuing coil, which includes 4 different types of card issuing coils in total; when the number of card issuing coils in the installation slot is 6 layers, the stator winding is composed of 2 card issuing coils of the first card issuing coil and the second card issuing coil.
  • the stator winding It is composed of 2 card issuing coils in the first card issuing coil, 3 card issuing coils in the second card issuing coil group T2, and 1 card issuing coil in the third card issuing coil group T3, including 6 different types of card issuing coils in total. Therefore, it can be known from the above statistics that the technical solution of the present invention greatly reduces the types of card issuing coils, so that the mold bending molding and batch processing efficiency are greatly improved.
  • the present invention also discloses a motor. As shown in FIG. 3, the motor can be applied to automobile driving, and the motor includes a rotor assembly C2 and a stator assembly C1 as described above.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了扁线定子组件及电机，包括定子铁芯和定子绕组，所有发卡线圈分为第一发卡线圈组、第二发卡线圈组、第三发卡线圈组，第一发卡线圈组中的发卡线圈位于第一层，第二发卡线圈组中的发卡线圈分别均布于第T、T+1、...、L-1层中，第三发卡线圈组中的发卡线圈位于第L层；定子绕组包括分布在不同安装槽内不同磁极和不同层中的发卡线圈串联组成的M个并联的子绕组，且每个所述子绕组均由第一发卡线圈组、第二发卡线圈组、第三发卡线圈组中各组的部分或全部发卡线圈串联组成。本发明具有发卡线圈种类较少，定子组件成型结构简单，方便生产制造的效果。

Description

扁线定子组件及电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电机制造技术领域，尤其涉及扁线定子组件及电机。
背景技术
近年来电动汽车行业发展蓬勃，车用驱动电机作为电动汽车的关键零部件之一也得到了长足的发展，且其性能对于整车的性能至关重要。目前车用电机朝着高速化，轻量化，高效化的方向发展，对电机的功率密度、效率水平、散热能力有更高的要求。
扁线绕组相比常规的散线绕组具有更高的槽满率，更高功率密度和更优的散热能力，因此逐渐被用于车用驱动电机领域。相比散线绕组电机，扁线绕组电机每槽匝数较少，通常导体数为4、6、8，为方便调整每相串联匝数，一般存在多条支路并联。
为增加每相串联匝数可选性，公开号为CN104124803B的中国专利，披露了一种具有长节距和短节距线圈的条绕定子绕组布置，其附图2所示，将6层导体分为3套绕组，构成3路并联子绕组，但每个并联支路均只在相邻层(两层间)进行连接，3条支路存在较大的电流不平衡，从而引入了较大的环流附加损耗，降低高速运行时效率。
针对上述问题，公开号为CN106026435A的中国专利，披露了一种电装置和用于电装置的定子组件，其为6层导体3支路并联，其中2支路采用1、2层和5、6层的线圈串联，第3支路为3、4层的线圈串联，并联支路电流不平衡有所削弱，但仍有环流损耗，同时，增加了复杂的busbar结构，既增加了端部高度，也相应增加了成本。
进一步的，公开号为CN107546877A的中国专利，披露了一种每槽6层2路并联的扁线定子及电机，主发卡线分布于1/2层，3/4层，5/6层，但是由于存在2/3层，4/5层的跨接发卡线，且其引出线位于王冠侧，2支路引出线分别位于最外层和最内层，引出线和中性线均为异形线，从而导致了结构成型复杂，实际生产时所需模具数量较多，批量生产时增加了设备投入成本。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术中定子组件结构成型复杂的缺陷，本发明提出一种扁线定子组件。本发明采用的技术方案是，一种扁线定子组件，其特征在于，包括：定子铁芯和至少一个定子绕组；
所述定子铁芯内壁沿周向开设有多个安装槽，所述安装槽内插接有发卡线圈，且同一安装槽中的多个所述发卡线圈槽内导体呈L层依次插接排布，所有所述发卡线圈按其直线段部分所处各自安装槽内位置不同分为第一发卡线圈组、第二发卡线圈组、第三发卡线圈组，所述第一发卡线圈组中的发卡线圈两直线段部分均位于对应安装槽的第一层发卡线圈所在位置，所述第二发卡线圈组中的发卡线圈两直线段部分分别均布于一对安装槽的第T、T+1、...、L-1层发卡线圈所在位置，L为≥2的偶数，T为＜L的偶数，所述第三发卡线圈组中的发卡线圈两直线段部分均位于对应安装槽的第L层发卡线圈所在位置；
所述定子绕组包括分布在不同安装槽内的发卡线圈串联组成的M个并联的子绕组，且每个所述子绕组均由第一发卡线圈组、第二发卡线圈组、第三发卡线圈组中各组的部分或全部发卡线圈串联组成；
所述子绕组上均设有引出线，所述引出线位于定子铁芯的焊接侧，且所述引出线均连接于安装槽的第1层和第2层，或者，第L-1和L层。
优选的，所述定子铁芯槽数为Z，定子磁极数为2p，所述第一发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)，所述第三发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距包含Z/(2p)+1和Z/(2p)-1两种，所述第二发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)+1、Z/(2p)、Z/(2p)-1中的一种。
优选的，所述定子铁芯槽数为Z，定子磁极数为2p，所述第三发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)，所述第一发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距包含Z/(2p)+1和Z/(2p)-1两种，所述第二发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)+1、Z/(2p)、Z/(2p)-1中的一种。
优选的，一相中一个定子磁极对应的安装槽数量为q，q为大于等于2的偶数，第一发卡线圈组包括q*p个发卡线圈，第二发卡线圈组包括q*p*(L-2)个发卡线圈，第三发卡线圈组包括q*p个发卡线圈。
优选的，所述子绕组为p*L个发卡线圈串联组成，且均包含第一发卡线圈组的p个发卡线圈、第二发卡线圈组的p*(L-2)个发卡线圈及第三线圈组的p个发卡线圈。
优选的，所述第一发卡线圈组包括数量相同的王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)+1的第一线圈和王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)-1的第二线圈，所述第一线圈套设于第二线圈外形成第一线圈对排布于定子铁芯上，每相相邻两个第一线圈对间隔Z/p个安装槽排布，每相的第一发卡线圈组相邻Z/m/p个安装槽；
所述第二发卡线圈组含有的发卡线圈跨距唯一，以两个间隔一个安装槽的发卡线圈作为第二线圈对排布于定子铁芯上，每相相邻两个第二线圈对间隔Z/2/p个安装槽排布，每相的第二发卡线圈组相邻Z/m/p个安装槽；
所述第三发卡线圈组含有的发卡线圈跨距唯一，以相邻两个安装槽中的两个发卡线圈作为第三线圈对排布于定子铁芯上，每相相邻两个第三线圈对间隔Z/p个安装槽排布，每相的第三发卡线圈组相邻Z/p个安装槽。
优选的，各相子绕组引出线采用Y型或Δ型连接。
优选的，所述子绕组的数量M等于一相中一个定子磁极对应的安装槽数量q，q为大于等于2的偶数，电机的相数为m，且q＝Z/(2mp)。
优选的，所有所述发卡线圈插接于所述安装槽后，在所述定子铁芯的一端形成王冠侧，相对的另一端形成焊接侧，焊接侧一端的所有所述发卡线圈中位于所述安装槽奇数层中的向一个方向扭转，位于所述偶数层中的发卡线圈向另一个方向扭转，且不同层之间的发卡线圈端部依次焊接实现电气连接。
本发明还提出了一种电机，包括上述的扁线定子组件和转子组件。
与现有技术相比，本发明将具有以下有益效果：
1.每相各条并联子绕组中的各个发卡线圈均匀分布于各极安装槽内不同层的位置，使得各并联子绕组反电势、电流完全相同，消除了子绕组并联导致的定子绕组环流附加铜耗，从而提高了电机高速效率，保证了定子绕组温度均匀性，进而提高电机寿命；
2.各并联子绕组首尾位置引出线位于相邻位置，大大简化了Busbar的复杂度，提高了其可靠性，同时减少了中性铜排用量，并省去注塑材料，降低了端部高度，从而降低了整个定子组件的物料成本和制造成本；
3.王冠侧的发卡线圈线型种类大大减少，同时由于引出线位于焊接侧，不存在异形Ipin线、异形中性线，整体结构较为简化；若采用模具成型，则减少了发卡线圈成型模具数量及成型设备数量，若采用机械手折弯，则减少了折弯机数量，最终降低了制造设备的投入成本；
4.各层发卡线圈相互独立，无额外跨层发卡线，从而可通过独立线杯实现全自动化插线，简化了制造工艺过程，便于大批量化生产。
附图说明
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进行详细说明，其中：
图1是实施例一中的定子组件结构示意图；
图2是三个并联的子绕组连接图；
图3是电机定子转子截面示意图；
图4是发卡线圈的截面示意图；
图5是安装槽及槽内导体示意图；
图6是实施例一中第一发卡线圈组的发卡线圈结构示意图；
图7是第一发卡线圈组的结构示意图；
图8是第二发卡线圈组是发卡线圈结构示意图；
图9是第二发卡线圈组的结构示意图；
图10是第三发卡线圈组的发卡线圈结构示意图；
图11是第三发卡线圈组的结构示意图；
图12是U相第一并联子绕组单元结构示意图；
图13是三相绕组连接示意图；
图14是实施例一中三相各定子绕组安装槽内发卡线圈的布置示意图；
图15是三相引出线电气连接示意图；
图16是实施例二中第一发卡线圈组的发卡线圈结构示意图；
图17是实施例三中三相各定子绕组的安装槽内发卡线圈的布置示意图。
2、定子铁芯；3、焊接侧；4、引出线；5、中性铜排；6、绝缘纸；7、王冠侧；定子组件C1；转子组件C2；导体A1；绝缘层A2；第一发卡线圈组T1；第二发卡线圈组T2；第三发卡线圈组T3；第一线圈T11；第二线圈T12；U相第一并联子绕组P1。
具体实施方式
一种扁线定子组件，包括定子铁芯2和至少一个定子绕组，如图1所示，定子铁芯2内壁沿周向开设有Z个安装槽，安装槽内插接有发卡线圈，且同一安装槽中的多个所述发卡线圈呈L层依次插接排布(L为大于或等于2的偶数)，所有发卡线圈按所处安装槽内位置不同分为第一发卡线圈组T1、第二发卡线圈组T2、第三发卡线圈组T3；如图2和3所示，定子绕组则包括M个 子绕组，每一个子绕组都由第一发卡线圈组T1、第二发卡线圈组T2、第三发卡线圈组T3中各组的部分或全部发卡线圈串联组成。
安装槽均为贯通的矩形槽，每个矩形槽中设置有绝缘纸6用以保证发卡线圈与定子铁芯2之间的电气绝缘，发卡线圈由扁线制成，如图4所示，其截面为矩形的导体A1以及包覆在导体A1外的绝缘层A2。
第一发卡线圈组T1中的发卡线圈两直线段部分位于一对安装槽的第一层，所述第二发卡线圈组T2中的发卡线圈两直线段部分分别均布于一对安装槽的第T、T+1、...、L-1层中，L为≥2的偶数，T为＜L的偶数，所述第三发卡线圈组T3中的发卡线圈两直线段部分位于一对安装槽的第L层，子绕组则由分布在不同安装槽内不同磁极和不同层中的多个发卡线圈串联组成的。
上述定子组件通过将各相定子绕组中含有的各并联子绕组串联的发卡线圈均匀分布于定子槽不同层不同极下，保证了并联子绕组反电势完全相同，完全消除了并联子绕组间的环流，从而降低高速运行环流附加铜耗，保证了定子绕组内、外层温升均匀性。
为了方便说明，上述定子组件应用于m相电机中，定子铁芯2开设的安装槽为Z个，定子磁极数为2p(p为正整数)，发卡线圈位于安装槽内共绕设L层(L为大于等于2的偶数)，每极每相槽数q(q为大于等于2的偶数)，并联子绕组数M＝q，本实施例中，m＝3，Z＝48，p＝4，L＝4，q＝Z/(2mp)＝2，M＝q＝2。
如图5所示，三相定子绕组在定子铁芯2的安装槽内绕制成4层时，即定子铁芯2的每一个安装槽内具有4根导体，沿电机径向由外向内依次记为第一层L1、第二层L2、第三层L3和第四层L4。每相第一发卡线圈组T1包括q*p＝8个发卡线圈，每相第二发卡线圈组T2包括q*p*(L-2)＝16个发卡线圈，每相第三发卡线圈组T3包括q*p＝8个发卡线圈。而该扁线定子组件一共包括三个定子绕组，每个定子绕组对应一相且由2个并联的子绕组组成，每相中各并联子绕组为p*L＝16个线圈串联组成，且均包含第一发卡线圈组T1的4个发卡线圈、第二发卡线圈组T2的8个发卡线圈及第三线圈组的4个发卡线圈。
具体的，第一发卡线圈组T1的发卡线圈为王冠侧7跨距为Z/(2p)＝6的整距线圈，所述第三发卡线圈组T3的发卡线圈为王冠侧7跨距包含Z/(2p)+1＝7的长跨距线圈和Z/(2p)-1＝5的短跨距线圈两种，所述第二发卡线圈组T2的发卡线圈为王冠侧7跨距为Z/(2p)+1＝7、Z/(2p)＝6、 Z/(2p)-1＝5中的一种均可。当然，子绕组中的发卡线圈具有多种不同的组合方式，在另一个实施例中也可以是第三发卡线圈组T3的发卡线圈为王冠侧7跨距为Z/(2p)＝6的整距线圈，所述第一发卡线圈组T1的发卡线圈为王冠侧7跨距包含Z/(2p)+1＝7的长跨距线圈和Z/(2p)-1＝5的短跨距线圈两种，所述第二发卡线圈组T2的发卡线圈为王冠侧7跨距为Z/(2p)+1＝7、Z/(2p)＝6、Z/(2p)-1＝5中的一种均可。
在本实施例中，如图6和7所示，第一发卡线圈组T1包括数量相同均为12个的王冠侧7跨距为Z/(2p)+1＝7的第一线圈T11和王冠侧7跨距为Z/(2p)-1＝5的第二线圈T12，分布于三相中，因此每相含有4个第一线圈T11和4个第二线圈T12。第一线圈T11与第二线圈T12结构相近，区别仅在于跨距不同，以第一线圈T11为例，其包括弯折部分B10和B14、插入安装槽内的直线段部分B11和B13、两直线段连接部分B12，整体呈U型，所述直线段部分B11和B13分别位于安装槽内相同层，且位于第一层。
第一线圈T11的直线段部分B11和B13从定子铁芯2轴向一侧插入安装槽内，在定子铁芯2轴向另一侧向相同方向弯折，从而形成弯折部分B10和B14，直线段部分B11和B13之间通过连接部分B12形成的跨过的定子槽数形成王冠侧7跨距，而定子铁芯2靠近折弯部分的一端为焊接侧3，另一端王冠侧7。当然，第一发卡线圈组T1也可包括王冠侧7跨距分别为5、6、7的三种发卡线圈。
所述第一线圈T11套设于第二线圈T12外形成第一线圈T11对排布于定子铁芯2上，每相相邻两个第一线圈T11对间隔Z/p＝12个安装槽排布，每相的第一发卡线圈组T1相邻Z/m/p＝4个安装槽，即U相、V相、W相定子绕组分别相差4个安装槽。
如图8和9所示，第二发卡线圈组T2的单个发卡线圈包括弯折部分B10和B14、插入安装槽内直线段部分B11和B13、两直线段连接部分B12，整体呈U型。第二发卡线圈组T2线圈的直线段部分B11和B13从定子铁芯2轴向一侧插入安装槽内，在定子铁芯2轴向另一侧向相反方向弯折，从而形成弯折部分B10和B14，所述直线段部分B11和B13分别位于安装槽内L2、L3层(L＝4，T＝2)，直线段部分B11和B13之间通过连接部分B12形成的王冠侧7跨距为5、6、7中的一种，本实施例取6。
三相第二发卡线圈组T2由48个(m*q*p*(L-2)＝48)发卡线圈组成，对应每相16个(q*p*(L-2)＝16)发卡线圈，以两个间隔一个安装槽的发卡线圈作为第二线圈T12对排布于定子铁 芯2上，每相相邻两个第二线圈T12对间隔Z/2/p＝6个安装槽排布，每相的第二发卡线圈组T2相邻Z/m/p＝4个安装槽，即U相、V相、W相定子绕组分别相差4个安装槽。
如图10和11所示，第三发卡线圈组T3单个线圈包括弯折部分B10和B14、插入安装槽内直线段部分B11和B13、两直线段连接部分B12，整体呈U型。第三发卡线圈组T3线圈的直线段部分B11和B13从定子铁芯2轴向一侧插入安装槽内，在定子铁芯2轴向另一侧向相同方向弯折，从而形成弯折部分B10和B14，直线段部分B11和B13之间通过连接部分B12形成的王冠侧7跨距为6的整距。
三相第三发卡线圈组T3由24个发卡线圈组成，对应每相8个发卡线圈组成，并以相邻两个安装槽中的两个发卡线圈作为第三线圈对排布于定子铁芯2上，每相相邻两个第三线圈对间隔Z/p＝12个安装槽排布，每相的第三发卡线圈组T3相邻Z/p＝4个安装槽，即U相、V相、W相定子绕组分别相差4个安装槽。
由于每相定子绕组均相同，仅在安装槽内排布相差4个槽，此处以U相来说明各并联的子绕组组成。如图12所示，U相的第一并联子绕组共16个线圈，由第一发卡线圈组T1中的4个第二线圈T12、第二发卡线圈组T2中的8个发卡线圈、第三发卡线圈组T3中的4个发卡线圈串联组成。U相第二并联子绕组共16个线圈，由第一发卡线圈组T1中的4个第一线圈T11、第二发卡线圈组T2中的8个发卡线圈、第三发卡线圈组T3中的4个发卡线圈组成。
此外，U相第一并联子绕组P1也可由第一发卡线圈组T1中的4个第一线圈T11、第二发卡线圈组T2中的8个发卡线圈、第三发卡线圈组T3中的4个发卡线圈组成。第二并联子绕组由第一发卡线圈组T1中的4个第二线圈T12、第二发卡线圈组T2中的8个发卡线圈、第三发卡线圈组T3中的4个发卡线圈组成。
如上所述，各相发卡线圈从定子铁芯2轴向一侧插入定子槽后，在定子铁芯2轴向另一侧进行折弯扭转，折弯扭转通过扭转模具进行扭转，奇数层向一个方向扭转，偶数层向另一个方向扭转形成上述发卡线圈折弯部分，第一发卡线圈组T1折弯部分与对应第二发卡线圈组T2折弯部分通过焊接实现电气连接，第二发卡线圈组T2折弯部分与对应第三发卡线圈组T3折弯部分通过焊接实现电气连接，两焊接部分跨过的定子槽数形成焊接侧3跨距，焊接侧3跨距可为5、6、7中的一种，焊接可采用TIG焊接、等离子焊接、激光焊接等方式。
焊接完成后，以子绕组形成电气连接的最小单元，此时各并联子绕组的首尾引出线4位于焊接侧3，且均位于第一、二层，或三、四层，同一个定子绕组中的两个并联的子绕组的引出线4合并为一根，进而三相电机的定子组件共计有三根引出线4，如图15所示，该三根引出线4通过中性铜排5连接成Y型或Δ型。
由于相邻两个子绕组的引出线4合并为一根，三相定子组件最后的三根引出线4均位于焊接侧3且可直接接端子引出，从而大大简化了Busbar复杂度，提高了其可靠性，同时减少了中性铜排5用量，并省去注塑材料，降低了端部高度，进而降低了整个定子组件物料成本、制造成本。
另一方面，由于上述发卡线圈需要通过模具冲压成型获得，或通过机械手折弯实现，但是模具冲压方式虽然精度高、效率高，却需额外开模具，而机械手折弯方式成型精度较差、效率相对较低，但柔性较好。
在本方案中，如图13和14所示，定子绕组由第一发卡线圈中的2种发卡线圈、第二发卡线圈组T2中的1种发卡线圈、第三发卡线圈组T3中的1种发卡线圈组成，共4种发卡线圈，发卡线圈种类大大减小，若采用模具成型方式，从而减少了发卡成型模具数量，对于批量生产，可减小成型设备或折弯设备投入，进而减小生产成本。同时，第一发卡线圈组T1、第二发卡线圈组T2、第三发卡线圈组T3三种发卡相互独立，不存在额外的交叉跨线，可通过独立线杯实现全自动化插线，大大提高大批量生产效率。
作为本发明实施例二，公开另一种扁线定子组件，如图16所示，其与上述实施例的区别在于第一发卡线圈组T1包括王冠侧7三种跨距的发卡线圈，第一发卡线圈组T1由24个发卡线圈组成，包括6个第一发卡线圈组T1第一线圈T11、6个第一发卡线圈组T1第二线圈T12及12个第一发卡线圈组T1第三线圈。其中，对应到每相中，即每相各包括2个第一发卡线圈组T1的第一线圈T11、2个第一发卡线圈组T1的第二线圈T12及4个第一发卡线圈组T1的第三线圈，且第三线圈的跨距为6。
三相第二发卡线圈组T2与实施例一相同，王冠侧7跨距为5、6、7中的一种，由48个发卡线圈组成，对应到每相中即每相各含有16个第二发卡线圈组T2的发卡线圈；三相第三发卡线圈组T3与实施例一相同，王冠侧7跨距为6，由24个发卡线圈组成，对应到每相中即每相各含有8个第三发卡线圈组T3的发卡线圈。
作为本发明实施例三，公开另一种扁线定子组件，如图17所示，其与实施例一的区别在于按照槽内发卡线圈排布如图17所示，L＝8，即按照槽内排布8层扁线导体。所述第一发卡线圈组T1中的发卡线圈两直线段部分位于相同层且位于第一层，所述第二发卡线圈组T2中的发卡线圈两直线段部分分别位于2、3层，4、5层，6、7层，所述第三发卡线圈组T3中的发卡线圈两直线段部分位于相同层且位于第8层。三相第一发卡线圈组T1由24个发卡线圈组成，包括12个第一发卡线圈组T1的第一线圈T11和12个第一发卡线圈组T1的第二线圈T12；三相第二发卡线圈组T2由144个发卡线圈组成，包括位于2、3层的48个发卡线圈、位于4、5层中的48个发卡线圈、位于6、7层中的48个发卡线圈；三相第三发卡线圈组T3由24个发卡线圈组成。
由实施例一和三得知，安装槽内发卡线圈层数为4层时，定子绕组由第一发卡线圈中的2种发卡线圈、第二发卡线圈组T2中的1种发卡线圈、第三发卡线圈组T3中的1种发卡线圈组成，共计包括4中不同类型的发卡线圈；当安装槽内发卡线圈层数为6层时，定子绕组由第一发卡线圈中的2种发卡线圈、第二发卡线圈组T2中的2种发卡线圈、第三发卡线圈组T3中的1种发卡线圈组成，共计包括5种不同类型的发卡线圈；安装槽内发卡线圈层数为8层时，定子绕组由第一发卡线圈中的2种发卡线圈、第二发卡线圈组T2中的3种发卡线圈、第三发卡线圈组T3中的1种发卡线圈组成，共计包括6种不同类型的发卡线圈。因此上述统计可知，采用本发明的技术方案，大大的减少了发卡线圈的种类，使得模具折弯成型和批量加工效率得到很大的提升。
本发明还公开一种电机，如图3所示，该电机可应用于汽车驱动，且该电机包括转子组件C2以及如上所述的定子组件C1。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种扁线定子组件，其特征在于，包括：定子铁芯和至少一个定子绕组；
    所述定子铁芯内壁沿周向开设有多个安装槽，所述安装槽内插接有发卡线圈，且同一安装槽中的多个所述发卡线圈槽内导体呈L层依次插接排布，所有所述发卡线圈按其直线段部分所处各自安装槽内位置不同分为第一发卡线圈组、第二发卡线圈组、第三发卡线圈组，所述第一发卡线圈组中的发卡线圈两直线段部分均位于对应安装槽的第一层发卡线圈所在位置，所述第二发卡线圈组中的发卡线圈两直线段部分分别均布于一对安装槽的第T、T+1、...、L-1层发卡线圈所在位置，L为≥2的偶数，T为＜L的偶数，所述第三发卡线圈组中的发卡线圈两直线段部分均位于对应安装槽的第L层发卡线圈所在位置；
    所述定子绕组包括分布在不同安装槽内的发卡线圈串联组成的M个并联的子绕组，且每个所述子绕组均由第一发卡线圈组、第二发卡线圈组、第三发卡线圈组中各组的部分或全部发卡线圈串联组成；
    所述子绕组上均设有引出线，所述引出线位于定子铁芯的焊接侧，且所述引出线均连接于安装槽的第1层和第2层，或者，第L-1和L层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扁线定子组件，其特征在于，所述定子铁芯槽数为Z，定子磁极数为2p，所述第一发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)，所述第三发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距包含Z/(2p)+1和Z/(2p)-1两种，所述第二发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)+1、Z/(2p)、Z/(2p)-1中的一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的扁线定子组件，其特征在于，所述定子铁芯槽数为Z，定子磁极数为2p，所述第三发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)，所述第一发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距包含Z/(2p)+1和Z/(2p)-1两种，所述第二发卡线圈组的发卡线圈的王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)+1、Z/(2p)、Z/(2p)-1中的一种。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的扁线定子组件，其特征在于，一相中一个定子磁极对应的安装槽数量为q，q为大于等于2的偶数，第一发卡线圈组包括q*p个发卡线圈，第二发卡线圈组包括q*p*(L-2)个发卡线圈，第三发卡线圈组包括q*p个发卡线圈。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的扁线定子组件，其特征在于，所述子绕组为p*L个发卡线圈串联组成，且均包含第一发卡线圈组的p个发卡线圈、第二发卡线圈组的p*(L-2)个发卡线圈及第三线圈组的p个发卡线圈。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的扁线定子组件，其特征在于，所述第一发卡线圈组包括数量相同的王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)+1的第一线圈和王冠侧跨距为Z/(2p)-1的第二线圈，所述第一线圈套设于第二线圈外形成第一线圈对排布于定子铁芯上，每相相邻两个第一线圈对间隔Z/p个安装槽排布，各相的第一发卡线圈组相邻Z/m/p个安装槽；
    所述第二发卡线圈组含有的发卡线圈跨距唯一，以相邻两个安装槽中的发卡线圈作为第二线圈对排布于定子铁芯上，每相相邻两个第二线圈对间隔Z/2/p个安装槽排布，各相的第二发卡线圈组相邻Z/m/p个安装槽；
    所述第三发卡线圈组含有的发卡线圈跨距唯一，以相邻两个安装槽中的两个发卡线圈作为第三线圈对排布于定子铁芯上，每相相邻两个第三线圈对间隔Z/p个安装槽排布，各相的第三发卡线圈组相邻Z/m/p个安装槽。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的扁线定子组件，其特征在于，各相子绕组引出线采用Y型或Δ型连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的扁线定子组件，其特征在于，所述子绕组的数量M等于一相中一个定子磁极对应的安装槽数量q，q为大于等于2的偶数，电机的相数为m，且q＝Z/(2mp)。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的扁线定子组件，其特征在于，所有所述发卡线圈插接于所述安装槽后，在所述定子铁芯的一端形成王冠侧，相对的另一端形成焊接侧，焊接侧一端的所有所述发卡线圈中直线段部分位于所述安装槽奇数层中的向一个方向扭转，位于所述偶数层中的发卡线圈向另一个方向扭转，且不同层之间的发卡线圈端部依次焊接实现电气连接。
  10. 一种电机，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-9任意一项所述的扁线定子组件和转子组件。
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