WO2021237514A1 - 一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机 - Google Patents

一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021237514A1
WO2021237514A1 PCT/CN2020/092630 CN2020092630W WO2021237514A1 WO 2021237514 A1 WO2021237514 A1 WO 2021237514A1 CN 2020092630 W CN2020092630 W CN 2020092630W WO 2021237514 A1 WO2021237514 A1 WO 2021237514A1
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Prior art keywords
fluid
carbon dioxide
flash
explosion
zone
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PCT/CN2020/092630
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
龙家杰
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南通纺织丝绸产业技术研究院
苏州大学
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Application filed by 南通纺织丝绸产业技术研究院, 苏州大学 filed Critical 南通纺织丝绸产业技术研究院
Priority to PCT/CN2020/092630 priority Critical patent/WO2021237514A1/zh
Publication of WO2021237514A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021237514A1/zh

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06BTREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B9/00Solvent-treatment of textile materials
    • D06B9/02Solvent-treatment of textile materials solvent-dyeing
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06BTREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B9/00Solvent-treatment of textile materials
    • D06B9/06Solvent-treatment of textile materials with recovery of the solvent
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid flash detonation machine, which belongs to the technical field of manufacturing pressure vessels and textile dyeing and finishing equipment. Background technique
  • the medium is colorless, odorless, non-flammable, non-explosive, excellent in biocompatibility, non-toxic, and has significant ecological and environmental protection characteristics.
  • the supercritical fluid of the medium also has the characteristics of low viscosity, high diffusivity, high permeability and penetration, and has high efficiency for solid or difficult-to-penetrate and difficult-to-penetrate processing objects, which can effectively shorten the process time and reduce the cost.
  • the medium is also very easy to separate, recover and recycle after the process is completed. There are no chemical residues of harmful substances on the processed products, and the processed products do not need to be dried. Wait. Therefore, these unique advantages of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid medium have led to continuous development in the field of anhydrous dyeing of textiles.
  • the technical solution adopted to achieve the objective of the present invention is to provide a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid flash detonation machine, which includes a high temperature and high pressure fluid flash detonation system, a carbon dioxide medium pressurization system, a cycle treatment system, and a carbon dioxide separation and recovery system;
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid flash explosion system includes a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone and a fluid flash explosion zone, which are connected by quick-opening valves;
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone of the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid flash explosion system is connected to the circulation treatment system through a pipeline
  • the fluid flash explosion zone of the high temperature and high pressure fluid flash explosion system is connected to the circulation treatment system through another pipeline; one end of the circulation treatment system is connected to the carbon dioxide separation and recovery system, and the other end is connected to the carbon dioxide medium pressurization system.
  • the top of the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone is a charging port with a quick-open structure sealing cover, and the interior of the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone is equipped with a stirring mechanism, and the upper part is provided with The fluid inlet, the lower part is provided with a fluid outlet, and the bottom is provided with an outlet channel; the fluid flash zone is provided with an inlet channel on the top, a high-pressure window on the upper part, and a hand hole with a quick opening structure at the lower part.
  • the plate is placed in the lower part of the fluid flash explosion zone, and the bottom is provided with an outlet, which is connected to the filter and the stop valve through a pipeline in turn; the outlet channel at the bottom of the high temperature and high pressure fluid treatment zone is connected to the inlet channel at the top of the fluid flash explosion zone through a quick opening valve .
  • the high temperature and high pressure fluid treatment zone has a temperature of 180 ° C or above and a pressure of 30 MPa or above; and the fluid flash explosion zone has a temperature of -50 ° C ⁇ 150 ° C or above, the pressure reaches 0.1MPa ⁇ 20MPa or above.
  • the carbon dioxide medium pressurization system includes a CO 2 storage tank, a mass flow meter, a heat exchanger, and a pressurization pump; and the circulation processing system includes a two-way fluid Medium circulation pump, heat exchanger and flow meter; said carbon dioxide separation and recovery system includes heat exchanger, pressure relief pump, separation unit, filter, condenser and carbon dioxide storage tank; in the working state, flash the fluid in the system The gas is separated and recovered to 1. 01 X 10 5 Pa.
  • heating devices are respectively provided around the temperature and pressure fluid treatment zone and the fluid flash detonation zone;
  • the stirring mechanism includes a magnetic stirring rotor and a magnetic stirring magnetic cylinder, and the magnetic stirring magnetic cylinder is fixed
  • the quick-open structure sealing cover On the quick-open structure sealing cover; on the quick-open structure sealing cover and the top of the fluid flash explosion zone, There are pressure gauges, temperature gauges, and sensor interfaces respectively;
  • the quick-opening valve is one of ball valves, gate valves, and plunger valves, and the opening time of the valve opening from 0 to 100% is 0. 070s ⁇ 10s.
  • the present invention has the following significant advantages:
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid flash detonator provided by the present invention is used in the fluid flash detonation system. Due to the establishment of a high temperature and high pressure fluid treatment zone and coordination of its circulating treatment system, it can effectively achieve the effect of various textile fibers and other materials. Ultra-high pressure, ultra-high temperature supercritical fluid is quickly and uniformly processed. At the same time, the fluid flash explosion zone set up in the flash explosion system can effectively achieve the requirements of different temperatures and pressures in the final state of the treatment, and achieve the flash explosion processing of materials for different working conditions, which expands the application range and functions of the equipment.
  • the flash explosion ball valve or other quick opening valve connecting the high temperature and high pressure fluid treatment zone and the fluid flash explosion zone of the present invention can conveniently realize the adjustment of different opening degrees and opening rates according to requirements, so as to achieve different degrees of Flash explosion treatment control and regulation. Due to the low viscosity, high permeability and high diffusibility of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, the technology of the present invention can effectively realize and improve the high-efficiency flash explosion treatment of compact and difficult-to-permeable materials. [0013] 3.
  • the present invention uses supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, without the participation of traditional water media, can completely realize the dry processing of the material, reduce the subsequent drying process, and greatly reduce the adverse effect of the processing medium on the material, and Conducive to energy saving.
  • the present invention is equipped with a carbon dioxide separation and recovery system in the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid flash detonation machine, which can effectively realize the high-efficiency separation and recovery of the treatment medium, improve the recycling efficiency of the medium, and realize direct opening at normal pressure .
  • the technology of the present invention can effectively realize and significantly improve the physical flash processing effect and efficiency of various textile fibers and other materials, especially the use of the low viscosity, high permeability and strong penetration of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid medium And other characteristics, can easily realize the flash explosion processing of solid and difficult-to-permeate materials, and can shorten the process time. This is of great significance for developing green and ecological processing of textile fibers and other materials, and for improving and enhancing the structure and performance of processed materials. It also has very broad application prospects. Brief description of the drawings
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of a supercritical CO 2 fluid flash detonator provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid flash detonation system in a supercritical CO 2 fluid flash detonation machine provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 1 C0 2 storage tank; 2, 3, 21 and 24. Stop valve; 4. Booster pump; 5. Mass flow meter; 6, 7, 12, 13, 15 and 22. Electromagnetic Valve; 8 and 16. Heat exchanger; 9. Volume flow meter; 10. Two-way fluid medium circulating pump; 14. High temperature and high pressure fluid flash explosion system;
  • Pressure relief pump 18. Separation unit; 20. Filter; 23. Condenser; 25. CO 2 gas inlet;
  • FIG. 2 14-L fluid inlet; 14-1' ⁇ fluid outlet; 14-2, 14-2' and 14-16 ⁇ stop valve; 14- 3. magnetic stirring rotor; 14-4. fast Open the structural sealing cover; 14-5. Magnetic stirring cylinder; 14-6. Pressure sensor/pressure gauge interface; 14-7. Temperature sensor interface; 14-8 and 14-8'. Heating jacket; 14-9. High temperature High pressure fluid processing area; 14-10. Quick opening valve; 14-11. Fluid flash explosion area; 14-12. High pressure window; 14-13. Quick opening structure hand hole; 14-14. Perforated mesh plate or receiving plate; 14-15. Filter. Invention Examples Implementation of the invention
  • the present invention provides a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid flash detonation machine, which includes a high temperature and high pressure fluid flash detonation system, a carbon dioxide medium pressurization system, a circulation processing system, and a carbon dioxide separation and recovery system.
  • the high temperature and high pressure fluid flash explosion system includes a high temperature and high pressure fluid treatment zone and a fluid flash explosion zone, which are connected by channels equipped with flash explosion ball valves or other quick opening valves.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone of the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid flash explosion system is connected to the circulation treatment system through a pipeline, and the fluid flash zone of the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid flash explosion system is connected to the circulation treatment system through another pipeline; one end of the circulation treatment system is separated from carbon dioxide The recovery system is connected, and the other end is connected to the carbon dioxide medium pressurization system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid flash detonator provided by this embodiment.
  • the structure of each system is described as follows:
  • Carbon Dioxide C0 2 gas turbocharger system comprises an inlet 25 is provided in communication with the shutoff valve 24 C0 2 tank 1, the bottom of the C0 2 tank 1 is provided an outlet shut-off valve 2, CO 2 output port connected to the tank 1 are sequentially turned off After valve 3, booster pump 4, mass flow meter 5, solenoid valve 6, solenoid valve 7, heat exchanger 8, volume flow meter 9, flash and explode with the fluid The system 14 is connected.
  • the circulation processing system consists of a circuit composed of a fluid flash explosion system 14 and a solenoid valve 13 and a solenoid valve 12, and then circulates to the fluid flash explosion system through a two-way fluid medium circulating pump 10, a heat exchanger 8, and a volume flow meter 9, in turn 14
  • the fluid flash explosion system 14 is sequentially connected to the solenoid valve 15, the heat exchanger 16, the pressure relief pump 17, the separation unit 18, and the filter 20, and then through the shut-off valve 21 or through the condenser 23, the solenoid valve 22 is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid flash explosion system provided by this embodiment; the fluid flash explosion system includes a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone 14-9 and a fluid flash explosion zone 14- in an upper and lower structure 11.
  • the specific structure is described as follows:
  • the top of the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone 14-9 is a charging port with a quick-open structure sealing cover 14-4.
  • the interior of the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone is provided with a stirring mechanism.
  • a magnetic stirring rotor 14 is used.
  • the magnetic stirring magnetic cylinder is fixed on the quick opening structure sealing cover; on the quick opening structure sealing cover 14-4, there are pressure sensor/pressure gauge interface 14-6 and temperature sensor interface 14 -7;
  • the upper part of the treatment area is provided with a fluid inlet 14-1 and a shut-off valve 14-2, and the bottom is provided with an outlet channel, and the channel is provided with a fluid outlet 14-1' and a shut-off valve 14-2';
  • the top of the fluid flash explosion zone is provided with an inlet channel, and is also provided with a pressure sensor/pressure gauge interface 14-6 and a temperature sensor interface 14-7; a heating device is provided around the flash explosion zone, and heating is used in this embodiment Sleeve 14-8'; the upper part of the flash zone is provided with a pair of high-pressure windows 14-12, the lower part is provided with a quick opening structure hand hole 14-13, and the lower part of the hand hole is provided with a perforated mesh plate or a receiving plate 14-14, and the bottom outlet It is connected to the filter 14-15 and the shut-off valve 14-16 through the pipeline in turn; the outlet channel at the bottom of the high temperature and high pressure fluid processing zone is connected to the inlet channel at the top of the fluid flash explosion zone through a quick opening valve.
  • the temperature in the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone can reach 180 ° C. or more, and the pressure can reach 30 MPa or more; the temperature of the fluid flash explosion zone can reach -50 ° C. ⁇ 150 ° C or above, the pressure can reach 0. IMPa ⁇ 20MPa or above.
  • the carbon dioxide separation and recovery system which separates and recovers the gas in the fluid flash explosion system to 1. 01 X 10 5 Pa, to realize the direct opening of the system under normal pressure.
  • the quick opening structure sealing cover 14-4 of the fluid flash explosion system 14 in FIG. 2 is opened, and the flash explosion ball valve or other quick opening valve 14- 10 is in the closed state, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone 14-9 is filled with an appropriate amount of treated textile fibers or other materials to be treated.
  • the quick-open structure sealing cover 14-4 according to the structure of the fluid flash explosion system 14 shown in Figure 2, and assemble the magnetic stirring rotor 14-3 and the magnetic stirring magnetic cylinder 14-5 in order.
  • a carbon dioxide medium pressurization system composed of a volume flow meter 9 and the like performs quantitative pressurization of the medium in the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone 14-9 from the fluid inlet 14-1.
  • the heating jacket 14-8 provided in the system is turned on, and the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone 14-9 is heated and raised according to the predetermined heating conditions.
  • the fluid medium is pressurized, close the booster pump 4, the solenoid valve 6, and open the shut-off valve 14-2', solenoid valves 13 and 12, and the two-way fluid medium circulation pump 10, using the high temperature and high pressure fluid in the fluid flash explosion system 14.
  • the commutation function of the bidirectional fluid medium circulation pump 10 may be used to perform forward and reverse circulation processing on the fluid in the high temperature and high pressure fluid treatment zone 14-9.
  • the magnetic stirring cylinder 14-5 and the magnetic stirring rotor 14-3 provided in the system can be used to stir the processed material to improve the uniformity of fluid processing.
  • the operation of the bidirectional fluid medium circulation pump 10 is stopped.
  • pressure difference, temperature and pressure in the final state of the processed material use the heating jacket 1 4-8' to prepare the fluid flash explosion zone, and then open the flash explosion ball valve or Other quick-opening valves 14-10 perform fluid flash explosion treatment on the materials processed by the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treatment zone 14-9.
  • the high pressure windows 14-12 set in the fluid flash explosion zone 14-11 can also be used to observe and check the entire process of the fluid flash explosion of the material, in order to study different fluid interactions under different conditions.
  • the flash explosion process and mechanism of the material provide support.
  • a carbon dioxide separation and recovery system composed of a filter 25, a condenser 23, and a CO 2 storage tank 1 separates and recovers the carbon dioxide medium in the fluid flash explosion system 14 and its corresponding pipelines.
  • the pressure relief pump 17 stops working and closes the solenoid valve 15 . Then open the hand hole quick opening structure 14-13 in the flash explosion zone, take out the processed material after the fluid flash explosion treatment, and complete a fluid flash explosion treatment processing under a predetermined process condition.

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机,包括高温高压流体闪爆系统、二氧化碳介质增压系统、循环处理系统、二氧化碳分离回收系统。在高温高压流体闪爆系统中设置了高温高压流体处理区及流体闪爆区,通过快开阀连通,快开阀可根据要求便捷地实现对不同开度及开启速率的调整,可有效实现处理终态时对不同温度和压力的要求,达到对不同工况的材料闪爆加工;在高温高压流体处理区配置磁力搅拌系统,以及外置流体循环系统,大大提高了被处理材料的处理均匀性;本发明提供的流体闪爆区可实现材料的无水干态加工,缩短了工艺流程,具有显著的生态、环保特点,实现并提高对紧密型难渗透性材料的高效闪爆处理。

Description

一种 超临 界二 氧化 碳流 体 闪爆 机 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 属压力容器及纺织染整加工设备 制造技术领域。 背景技术
[0002] 近年来, 传统纺织印染行业由于水资源消耗高、 生态环保问题突出等原因, 其 生存和发展遇到了前所未有的挑战。 因而, 开发环境友好型加工技术及工艺, 越来越得到行业及相关企业的普遍关注和重视。 而超临界二氧化碳流体介质, 因其具有独特的技术特点和优势, 近年来备受关注。 特别是该介质的临界温度 和临界压力 (31. 1°C和 7. 38MPa) 不高, 容易达到超临界流体状态, 对设备的要 求也相对较低, 气源易得, 故容易实现工业化生产加工。 其次, 该介质无色无 味、 不燃、 不爆、 生物相容性优良、 无毒, 具有显著的生态环保特性。 而且该 介质的超临界流体还具有低粘度、 高扩散性、 高渗透及穿透性特点, 对固体或 难穿透、 难渗透的加工对象具有高效性, 可有效缩短工艺时间, 降低成本。 在 加工过程中, 无需使用和消耗水资源, 被加工物呈干态; 工艺结束后该介质也 非常容易分离回收和循环使用, 在加工产品上无有害物质的化学物质残留, 加 工产品也无需干燥等。 因而, 超临界二氧化碳流体介质的这些独特优势, 使其 在纺织品的无水染色等领域得到了不断发展。
[0003] 然而, 对于利用超临界二氧化碳流体介质的相关特点和优势, 实现对相关纺织 品纤维, 以及其他材料的物理闪爆加工, 目前现有文献报道较少, 在实际应用 中则更为少见。 特别是为实现上述工艺目的所依赖的专用设备, 目前还未见相 关报道和产品应用。 发明概 述 技术问题 问题的解 决方案 技术解决方案 [0004] [0004] 本发明针对现有技术存在的不足, 提供一种具有操作简单、 适用性广
、 处理效率高、 系统稳定、 生态环保、 无噪音影响等优点, 可有效实现对各类 纤维及其他种类材料的超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆加工的闪爆机。
[0005] 为实现本发明目的所采用的技术方案是: 提供一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机 , 它包括高温高压流体闪爆系统、 二氧化碳介质增压系统、 循环处理系统、 二 氧化碳分离回收系统; 所述的高温高压流体闪爆系统包括高温高压流体处理区 和流体闪爆区, 通过快开阀相连通; 所述的高温高压流体闪爆系统的高温高压 流体处理区通过管路与循环处理系统相连, 高温高压流体闪爆系统的流体闪爆 区通过另一条管路与循环处理系统相连; 所述的循环处理系统一端与二氧化碳 分离回收系统相连, 另一端与二氧化碳介质增压系统相连通。
[0006] 本发明提供的超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 高温高压流体处理区的顶部为装料 口, 设有快开结构密封盖, 高温高压流体处理区的内部设有搅拌机构, 上部设 有流体入口, 下部设有流体出口, 底部设有出口通道; 所述的流体闪爆区的顶 部设有入口通道, 上部设有高压视窗, 下部设有快开结构的手孔, 多孔网板或 承接板置于流体闪爆区的下部, 底部设有出口, 通过管道依次与过滤器、 截止 阀连接; 高温高压流体处理区底部的出口通道通过快开阀与流体闪爆区顶部的 入口通道相连通。
[0007] 本发明提供的超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 其高温高压流体处理区, 温度达到 180°C或以上, 压力达到 30MPa或以上; 其流体闪爆区, 温度达到 _50°C〜 150°C 或以上, 压力达到 0. IMPa〜 20MPa或以上。
[0008] 本发明提供的超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 所述的二氧化碳介质增压系统包括 C0 2储罐、 质量流量计、 热交换器和增压泵; 所述的循环处理系统包括双向流体 介质循环泵、 换热器和流量计; 所述的二氧化碳分离回收系统包括热交换器、 泄压泵、 分离单元、 过滤器、 冷凝器和二氧化碳储罐; 在工作状态, 将流体闪 爆系统内的气体分离回收至 1. 01 X 10 5Pa。
[0009] 本发明提供的超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 温 压流体处理区和流体闪爆区 的周围分别设有加热装置; 搅拌机构包括磁力搅拌转子和磁力搅拌磁缸, 磁力 搅拌磁缸固定于快开结构密封盖上; 快开结构密封盖上和流体闪爆区的顶部, 分别设有压力表、 温度表及传感器接口; 快开阀为球阀、 闸阀、 柱塞阀中的一 种, 阀门开度从 0到 100%的开启时间为 0. 070s〜 10s。 发明的 有益效果 有益效果
[0010] 与现有技术方案相比, 本发明具有以下显著优点:
[0011] 1.本发明提供的超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机在流体闪爆系统, 由于设立了高温 高压流体处理区, 并协调其循环处理系统, 可有效实现对各类纺织纤维及其他 材料的超高压、 超高温的超临界流体快速均匀处理。 同时, 闪爆系统中设立的 流体闪爆区可有效实现处理终态对不同温度和压力的要求, 达到材料对不同工 况的闪爆加工, 扩展了该设备的应用范围和功能。
[0012] 2. 本发明连接高温高压流体处理区及流体闪爆区的闪爆球阀或其他快开阀, 可根据要求便捷地实现对不同开度及开启速率的调整, 从而达到对不同程度的 闪爆处理控制和调控。 由于超临界二氧化碳流体的低粘度及高渗透性和高扩散 性, 故本发明技术可有效实现并提高对紧密型难渗透性材料的高效闪爆处理。 [0013] 3. 本发明采用超临界二氧化碳流体, 无需传统水介质的参与, 可彻底实现材 料的干态处理加工, 减少了后续干燥加工流程, 也大大降低了处理介质对材料 的不良影响, 并有利于节约能源。
[0014] 4.本发明在超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机中配置了二氧化碳分离回收系统, 可有 效实现处理介质的高效分离及回收, 提高了介质的重复利用效率, 并可实现常 压直接开盖。
[0015] 5.本发明技术可有效实现和显著提高各类纺织纤维及其他类材料的物理闪爆加 工效果及效率, 特别是利用超临界二氧化碳流体介质的低粘度、 高渗透及穿透 性强等特点, 可容易实现对固体和难渗透材料的闪爆加工, 并能缩短工艺时间 。 这对开展纺织纤维及其他材料的绿色、 生态化加工, 并改善和提高处理材料 的结构、 性能等具有重要意义, 同时也具有非常广阔的应用前景。 对附图 的简要说 明 附图说明
[0016] 图 1是本发明实施例提供的超临界 C0 2流体闪爆机的系统结构示意图; [0017] 图 2是本发明实施例提供的超临界 C0 2流体闪爆机中高温高压流体闪爆系统的 剖面结构示意图;
[0018] 图 1中: 1. C0 2 储罐; 2、 3、 21和 24.截止阀; 4.增压泵; 5.质量流量计; 6、 7、 12、 13、 15和 22.电磁阀; 8和 16.热交换器; 9.体积流量计; 10.双向流体介质循环泵; 14. 高温高压流体闪爆系统;
17.泄压泵; 18.分离单元; 20.过滤器; 23.冷凝器; 25. C0 2气体入口;
[0019] 图 2中: 14-L流体入口; 14-1’ ·流体出口; 14-2、 14-2’和 14-16 ·截止阀; 14- 3.磁力搅拌转子; 14-4.快开结构密封盖; 14-5.磁力搅拌磁缸; 14-6.压力传感 器 /压力表接口; 14-7.温度传感器接口; 14-8和 14-8’ .加热套; 14-9.高温高压 流体处理区; 14-10.快开阀; 14-11.流体闪爆区; 14-12.高压视窗; 14-13. 快 开结构手孔; 14-14.多孔网板或承接板; 14-15.过滤器。 发明实施 例 本发明的实施方 式
[0020] [0008] 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步描述。
[0021] 实施例 1
[0022] 本发明提供的一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 它包括高温高压流体闪爆系统 、 二氧化碳介质增压系统、 循环处理系统、 二氧化碳分离回收系统。 高温高压 流体闪爆系统包括高温高压流体处理区及流体闪爆区, 它们通过装有闪爆球阀 或其他快开阀的通道相连。 高温高压流体闪爆系统的高温高压流体处理区通过 管路与循环处理系统相连, 高温高压流体闪爆系统的流体闪爆区通过另一条管 路与循环处理系统相连; 循环处理系统一端与二氧化碳分离回收系统相连, 另 一端与二氧化碳介质增压系统相连。
[0023] 参见附图 1, 它是本实施例提供的超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机的剖面结构示意 图, 各系统的结构描述如下:
[0024] 二氧化碳介质增压系统由 C0 2气体入口 25设截止阀 24与 C0 2储罐 1连通, C0 2 储罐 1的底部出口设截止阀 2, CO 2储罐 1的输出端口依次连接截止阀 3、 增压泵 4 、 质量流量计 5、 电磁阀 6、 电磁阀 7、 热交换器 8、 体积流量计 9后, 与流体闪爆 系统 14连通。
[0025] 循环处理系统由流体闪爆系统 14与电磁阀 13和电磁阀 12组成的回路, 再依次通 过双向流体介质循环泵 10、 热交换器 8、 体积流量计 9, 循环至流体闪爆系统 14
[0026] 二氧化碳分离回收系统由流体闪爆系统 14依次连接电磁阀 15、 热交换器 16、 泄 压泵 17、 分离单元 18、 过滤器 20, 再经截止阀 21或经冷凝器 23、 电磁阀 22与二 氧化碳储罐 1连通。
[0027] 参见附图 2, 它是本实施例提供的高温高压流体闪爆系统的剖面结构示意图; 流体闪爆系统包括呈上下结构的高温高压流体处理区 14-9和流体闪爆区 14-11, 具体结构描述如下:
[0028] 高温高压流体处理区 14-9的顶部为装料口, 设有快开结构密封盖 14-4, 高温高 压流体处理区的内部设有搅拌机构, 本实施例中采用磁力搅拌转子 14-3和磁力 搅拌磁缸 14-5, 磁力搅拌磁缸固定于快开结构密封盖上; 快开结构密封盖 14-4 上, 设有压力传感器 /压力表接口 14-6和温度传感器接口 14-7; 处理区的上部设 有流体入口 14-1和截止阀 14-2, 底部设有出口通道, 通道上设有流体出口 14-1’ 和截止阀 14-2’; 处理区的周围设有加热装置, 本实施例采用加热套 14-8。
[0029] 流体闪爆区的顶部设有入口通道, 还设有压力传感器 /压力表接口 14-6和温度 传感器接口 14-7; 闪爆区的周围别设有加热装置, 本实施例采用加热套 14-8’; 闪爆区的上部设有一对高压视窗 14-12, 下部设有快开结构的手孔 14-13, 手孔 下部设有多孔网板或承接板 14-14, 底部出口通过管道依次与过滤器 14-15、 截 止阀 14-16连接; 高温高压流体处理区底部的出口通道通过快开阀与流体闪爆区 顶部的入口通道相连通。
[0030] 本实施例提供的超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 高温高压流体处理区的温度可达 180°C或以上, 压力可达 30MPa或以上; 流体闪爆区的温度可达 _50°C〜 150°C或 以上, 压力可达 0. IMPa〜 20MPa或以上。
[0031] 连接高温高压流体处理区及流体闪爆区的闪爆球阀或其他快开阀, 其阀门开度 从 0到 100%的开启时间为 0. 070s〜 10s。
[0032] 二氧化碳分离回收系统, 在协同工作时将流体闪爆系统内的气体分离回收至 1. 01 X 10 5Pa, 实现系统的常压直接开盖。
[0033] 本发明提供的超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机工作时, 首先将开启图 2中流体闪爆 系统 14的快开结构密封盖 14-4, 并使闪爆球阀或其他快开阀 14-10处于关闭状态 , 然后向高温高压流体处理区 14-9装填适量被处理的纺织纤维或其他待处理材 料。 装填完成后, 按附图 2中所示的流体闪爆系统 14结构, 关闭其快开结构密封 盖 14-4, 并按序组装好磁力搅拌转子 14-3、 磁力搅拌磁缸 14-5, 使压力传感器 / 压力表接口 14-6、 温度传感器接口 14-7与对应传感器或仪表连接良好, 同时关 闭闪爆区手孔快开结构 14-13、 截止阀 14-16。 然后打开截止阀 14-2和 3、 电磁阀 6和 7, 开启增压泵 4, 并根据处理工艺要求, 利用由 C0 2储罐 1、 增压泵 4、 质量 流量计 5、 热交换器 8、 体积流量计 9等组成的二氧化碳介质增压系统, 从流体入 口 14-1对高温高压流体处理区 14-9进行介质的定量增压。 同时, 开启系统设置 的加热套 14-8, 按预定升温条件对高温高压流体处理区 14-9进行加热升温。 流 体介质增压结束后, 关闭增压泵 4、 电磁阀 6, 并开启截止阀 14-2’、 电磁阀 13和 12、 双向流体介质循环泵 10, 利用由流体闪爆系统 14中高温高压流体处理区 14- 9、 流体出口 14-1’、 电动阀 13和 12连接的回路、 双向流体介质循环泵 10、 热交 换器 8、 体积流量计 9等组成的循环处理系统, 对高温高压流体处理区 14-9中的 纺织纤维等材料进行预定条件的高温高压流体处理加工。 同时, 也可以根据工 艺要求, 采用双向流体介质循环泵 10的换向功能, 对高温高压流体处理区 14-9 中的流体进行正反向循环处理。 并可利用系统设置的磁力搅拌磁缸 14-5和磁力 搅拌转子 14-3对被处理材料进行搅拌, 提高其流体处理的均匀性。
[0034] 根据预定的高温高压流体处理工艺结束后, 停止双向流体介质循环泵 10的运行 。 根据对处理材料的闪爆时间、 压差、 终态时的温度和压力要求, 利用加热套 1 4-8’对流体闪爆区进行条件准备, 然后按预定速率和开度开启闪爆球阀或其他 快开阀 14-10, 对经过高温高压流体处理区 14-9处理的材料进行流体闪爆处理。 同时, 在进行流体闪爆过程中, 还可以借助流体闪爆区 14-11设置的高压视窗 14 -12, 对材料的流体闪爆全过程进行观察及检查记录, 为研究不同条件下流体对 不同材料的闪爆过程及机理等, 提供了支撑。 闪爆处理结束后, 依次开启截止 阀 14-16、 冷凝器 23、 电磁阀 22和 15, 利用由热交换器 16、 泄压泵 17、 分离单元 18、 过滤器 25、 冷凝器 23、 CO 2储罐 1等组成的二氧化碳分离回收系统, 对流体 闪爆系统 14及其相应管路中的二氧化碳介质进行分离和回收。 当流体闪爆系统 1 4及其相应管路中的介质经充分分离回收后, 其系统压力降低至大气压 ( 1. 01 X 10 5Pa) 时, 泄压泵 17停止工作, 并关闭电磁阀 15。 然后打开闪爆区手孔快开结 构 14-13, 取出经流体闪爆处理后的被处理材料, 完成一次预定工艺条件下流体 闪爆处理加工。
[0035] 重复上述操作, 可实现下一轮预定条件下材料的流程闪爆处理加工。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 其特征在于: 它包括 温 压流体闪爆系 统、 二氧化碳介质增压系统、 循环处理系统、 二氧化碳分离回收系统; 所述的高 温高压流体闪爆系统包括高温高压流体处理区和流体闪爆区, 通过快开阀相连 通;所述的高温高压流体闪爆系统的高温高压流体处理区通过管路与循环处理系 统相连,高温高压流体闪爆系统的流体闪爆区通过另一条管路与循环处理系统相 连; 所述的循环处理系统一端与二氧化碳分离回收系统相连, 另一端与二氧化碳 介质增压系统相连通。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 其特征在于: 所述 的高温高压流体处理区的顶部为装料口, 设有快开结构密封盖, 高温高压流体处 理区的内部设有搅拌机构, 上部设有流体入口, 下部设有流体出口, 底部设有出 口通道; 所述的流体闪爆区的顶部设有入口通道, 上部设有高压视窗, 下部设有 快开结构的手孔, 多孔网板或承接板置于流体闪爆区的下部, 底部设有出口, 通 过管道依次与过滤器、截止阀连接; 高温高压流体处理区底部的出口通道通过快 开阀与流体闪爆区顶部的入口通道相连通。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 其特征在于: 所述 的二氧化碳介质增压系统包括 C02储罐、 质量流量计、 热交换器和增压泵。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 其特征在于: 所述 的循环处理系统包括双向流体介质循环泵、 换热器和流量计。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 其特征在于: 所述 的二氧化碳分离回收系统包括热交换器、 泄压泵、 分离单元、 过滤器、 冷凝器和 二氧化碳储罐; 在工作状态,将流体闪爆系统内的气体分离回收至 1. 01 X 105Pa。
6. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 其特征在于: 高温高压流体处理区和流体闪爆区的周围分别设有加热装置。
7. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 其特征在于: 所述的快开阀为球阀、 闸阀、 柱塞阀中的一种, 阀门开度从 0到 100%的开启时 间为 0. 070s〜 10s。
8. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 其特征在于: 所述的高温高压流体处理区, 温度达到 180°C或以上, 压力达到 30MPa或以上; 所述的流体闪爆区, 温度达到 _50°C〜 150°C或以上, 压力达到 0. IMPa〜 20MPa
8 替换页 (细则第 26条) 或以上。
9. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 其特征在于: 快开 结构密封盖上和流体闪爆区的顶部, 分别设有压力表、 温度表及传感器接口。
10. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种超临界二氧化碳流体闪爆机, 其特征在于: 所述 的搅拌机构包括磁力搅拌转子和磁力搅拌磁缸,磁力搅拌磁缸固定于快开结构密 封盖上。
9 替换页 (细则第 26条)
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