WO2021235094A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021235094A1 WO2021235094A1 PCT/JP2021/013101 JP2021013101W WO2021235094A1 WO 2021235094 A1 WO2021235094 A1 WO 2021235094A1 JP 2021013101 W JP2021013101 W JP 2021013101W WO 2021235094 A1 WO2021235094 A1 WO 2021235094A1
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- Prior art keywords
- steel sheet
- annealing
- groove
- rolling direction
- mass
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910001224 Grain-oriented electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 6
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
- C21D8/1283—Application of a separating or insulating coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet suitable for an iron core material such as a transformer and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a crystal structure whose ⁇ 001> orientation, which is an axis for easily magnetizing iron, is highly aligned in the rolling direction of the steel sheet, is particularly used as an iron core material for a power transformer.
- transformers are roughly classified into stacked iron core transformers and wound iron core transformers according to their iron core structure.
- a product core transformer is a transformer that forms an iron core by laminating steel plates cut into a predetermined shape.
- a wound iron core transformer is one in which steel plates are wound to form an iron core.
- the magnetic domain subdivision technique is a technique for subdividing the width of a magnetic domain and reducing iron loss by introducing non-uniformity into the surface of a steel sheet by a physical method.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique for subdividing a magnetic domain by forming a linear groove in a direction intersecting the rolling direction of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. Further, in Patent Document 2, a groove having a depth of more than 5 ⁇ m is formed in a base metal portion with a load of 882 to 2156 MPa (90 to 220 kgf / mm 2) on a finish-annealed steel sheet, and then heated at a temperature of 750 ° C. or higher. A technique for subdividing a magnetic domain by processing is described. These techniques are so-called heat-resistant magnetic domain subdivision techniques in which the effect does not disappear even if strain removal and annealing are performed after transformer assembly.
- the steel plate is bent when the steel plates are wound to form an iron core. Since strain is introduced into the steel sheet by the bending process, the magnetic characteristics deteriorate at that portion and the iron loss of the iron core increases. Therefore, in general, after forming the iron core, strain removal and annealing are performed to eliminate the strain introduced into the bent portion.
- Such strain-removing annealing is performed at a high temperature of about 800 ° C. in an atmosphere of an inert gas (argon, nitrogen, etc.) or a heat-generating modified gas (DX gas, etc.).
- an inert gas argon, nitrogen, etc.
- DX gas heat-generating modified gas
- nitriding or carburizing may occur during annealing.
- Nitrogen and carbon that have entered the steel may combine with other elements in the steel during cooling after annealing or after aging, and precipitate in the steel as nitrides or carbides, degrading the magnetic properties. ..
- the annealing temperature or annealing atmosphere is controlled so that such deterioration of magnetic characteristics does not occur. There is.
- the surface of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet which is an iron core material, is coated with a coating for the purpose of ensuring insulation and rust resistance.
- a coating is a coating composed of a forsterite coating and a tension coating, and this coating contributes to the suppression of nitriding and carburizing during the strain-removing annealing described above.
- the heat-resistant magnetic domain subdivision material for wound core transformers has better iron loss characteristics than steel sheets that do not introduce physical non-uniformity such as grooves and markings, but nitriding during strain relief annealing. There was a problem that carburizing was likely to occur.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet capable of overcoming the above-mentioned problems and effectively suppressing carburizing and nitriding during strain-removing annealing in combination with a manufacturing method thereof.
- a dense and uniform forsterite coating is also applied to the lower part (bottom) of the linear groove formed in the steel sheet. Forming a layer is of utmost importance.
- the starting point for carburizing and nitriding is a surface reaction.
- a gas having carburizing or nitriding ability for example, carbon dioxide gas, nitrogen gas, ammonia gas
- carbon or nitrogen radicals are generated.
- the forsterite coating layer is densely formed, so that the invasion is suppressed and the formation of carbides and nitrides is suppressed. Therefore, the denseness of the forsterite coating layer is important.
- the groove portion may not be covered with a dense film depending on the method for forming the groove.
- the method disclosed in Patent Document 3 described above discloses a method of forming a groove by irradiating a steel sheet after secondary recrystallization annealing (finish annealing) with a high-power laser beam.
- the forsterite coating is destroyed when the groove is formed by the high-power laser.
- a recess is formed in a steel sheet after finish annealing or an insulating film is formed by a gear type roll, and fine particles are formed in the recess during strain relief annealing. When the mold roll is pressed, the forsterite coating layer is also destroyed.
- the present invention has been obtained based on the above findings, and the gist structure of the present invention is as follows.
- 1. A directional electromagnetic steel sheet having a plurality of grooves on one side of the steel sheet, which extends linearly in a direction crossing the rolling direction and is arranged at intervals in the rolling direction, and has at least a forsterite coating on the surface of the steel sheet.
- a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet formed at the bottom of the groove, wherein the average thickness of the forsterite film is 0.45 ⁇ m or more, and the standard deviation ⁇ of the thickness is 0.34 ⁇ m or less.
- a slab for directional electromagnetic steel sheets is hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled sheet, and then the hot-rolled sheet is cold-rolled once or two or more times with intermediate annealing sandwiched between them to finish the steel sheet to the final thickness. After that, the steel sheet is decarburized and annealed, then the surface of the steel sheet is coated with an annealing separator, the steel sheet is finally finish-annealed, and then the steel sheet is flattened and annealed.
- a resist ink is applied to one side of the steel sheet, and the laser is linearly scanned with respect to the coated surface in a direction crossing the rolling direction of the steel sheet.
- electrolytic etching was performed on the removed portion to form a linear shape across the rolling direction of the steel sheet. Forming multiple grooves that extend to and are spaced apart in the rolling direction.
- a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet wherein scanning of the laser is performed with the irradiation energy of the laser being less than 30 J / m and the temperature of the steel sheet being 40 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C.
- the directional electromagnetic steel sheet according to the present invention has a plurality of grooves on one side of the steel sheet, which extend linearly in a direction crossing the rolling direction and are arranged at intervals in the rolling direction, and at least a forsterite coating is formed on the surface of the steel sheet.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is further provided with a tension coating on the forsterite coating.
- the average forsterite film thickness formed on the bottom of the linear groove (groove bottom) is 0.45 ⁇ m or more, and the standard deviation ⁇ of the forsterite film thickness is It is important that is 0.34 ⁇ m or less. Then, the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention can be suitably obtained by the method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention, which will be described later.
- Example 1> Contains C: 0.07% by mass, Si: 3.4% by mass, Mn: 0.1% by mass, Ni: 0.2% by mass, Al: 240% by mass, S: 20% by mass, N: 90% by mass and Se: 180% by mass.
- a steel slab (slab for directional electromagnetic steel plate) having a composition of Fe and unavoidable impurities was produced by continuous casting for the balance. The slab was heated to 1430 ° C. and then hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled plate having a plate thickness of 2.2 mm. The hot-rolled plate was annealed at 1100 ° C. for 20 seconds.
- Masking is performed by printing and applying resist ink on one side of the steel sheet using a groove roll having grooves having a width of 100 to 250 mm at a circumferential pitch of 3 mm, and a groove having a depth of 25 ⁇ m is formed in a portion not printed with resist.
- Electrolytic etching was performed as described above (resist condition 1).
- resist condition 1 As another condition, after applying resist ink to one side of the steel sheet, the laser is repeatedly scanned linearly in the direction orthogonal to the rolling direction (width direction) and at intervals of 3 mm in the rolling direction. , The resist ink was peeled off and removed at intervals of 3 mm in the rolling direction.
- the resist ink remaining on the steel sheet was removed under any condition.
- the above laser has a peeling width of 100 to 250 mm, and the single mode fiber laser uses a galvano scanner method to set the irradiation energy to 25 J / m so that the resist ink is continuously peeled from end to end in the width direction of the steel sheet. Irradiated.
- the temperature of the steel sheet when irradiating the laser was changed in various ways. In the present specification, the temperature of the steel sheet is the temperature on the surface of the steel sheet on the laser irradiation side of the steel sheet, and can be measured by, for example, a non-contact infrared radiation thermometer.
- the surface of the steel sheet is annealed with MgO as the main component.
- the agent was applied, and final finish annealing for the purpose of secondary recrystallization, forsterite film formation and purification was carried out under the conditions of 1160 ° C. and 10 hours.
- an insulating film made of 60% by mass colloidal silica and aluminum phosphate was applied, and tension coating was performed by baking at 850 ° C. This tension coating coating process also serves as flattening annealing.
- the forsterite film thickness formed on the bottom of the groove was investigated by the method described later, and the average and standard deviation were calculated.
- the forsterite film thickness at the bottom of the groove is 0.31 to 0.82 ⁇ m on average and 0.22 to 0.74 ⁇ m standard deviation under resist condition 1, and 0.32 to 0.91 ⁇ m on average and 0.05 to 0.43 ⁇ m standard deviation under resist condition 2. Samples were obtained respectively.
- a region centered on the center of the groove and having a width half the width of the groove w is defined as the bottom of the groove.
- the groove width w is a portion (non-coated area) where the resist ink is not masked during electrolytic etching, and is along a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the linear groove extends (rolling direction in FIG. 2). Means length. Further, the groove center means the position of the center of the groove width w in the rolling direction.
- the thickness of the forsterite coating is measured for any five linear grooves in one cross-section observation sample, and the average is defined as the forsterite film thickness at that location.
- 20 cross-section observation samples were collected from one steel plate sample (width direction: 1000 mm x rolling direction: 500 mm), the forsterite film thickness at the bottom of each groove was calculated, and the average value thereof was calculated. And the standard deviation.
- the region of the forsterite film can be judged from the contrast of the SEM observation image, but it may be easier to judge by the contrast of the backscattered electron image (BSE). If it is difficult to judge from the contrast of the image, it may be appropriately judged by elemental analysis by EDX whether it is a forsterite film region depending on whether or not Mg is contained. In the present specification, it is judged by the contrast of the image in the BSE image.
- strain removal annealing (for the purpose of eliminating the influence of shearing) is performed under the conditions of an argon atmosphere and 800 ° C ⁇ 3 h, and the sample is used as an Epstein test. Magnetic measurement was performed by the method. Furthermore, in order to investigate the effect of strain removal annealing in the carburized atmosphere, the sample was again subjected to CO: 0.5vol%, CO 2 : 13vol%, H 2 O: 2.5vol%, H 2 : 1vol%, residual gas. Annealing was carried out in a mixed gas of N 2 (dew point: 20 ° C.) under the condition of 870 ° C. ⁇ 2 h, and magnetic measurement was performed by the Epstein test method.
- the Epstein test results before and after strain removal annealing in a carburized atmosphere mixed gas were compared, and the amount of increase / decrease in W 17/50 (iron loss when excited to 1.7 T at 50 Hz) was determined.
- the carbon content was chemically analyzed before and after strain removal and annealing in the mixed gas.
- the results of chemical analysis before and after annealing in a carburized atmosphere mixed gas were compared to determine the amount of increase or decrease in carbon.
- Table 1 shows the average and standard deviation of the forsterite film thickness formed at the bottom of the groove, and the increase / decrease in W 17/50 and the increase / decrease in carbon (carburizing amount) before and after strain removal annealing in the carburized atmosphere mixed gas.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 resist condition 1
- FIGS. 5 and 6 resist condition 2
- the average forsterite film thickness formed at the bottom of the groove is 0.45 ⁇ m or more for both the increase / decrease in iron loss W 17/50 and the increase / decrease in carbon (carburizing amount), the increase in iron loss is kept low and carburized. It turned out that there is a condition that the amount can be kept low. Further investigation reveals that even among steel sheets with an average forsterite film thickness of 0.45 ⁇ m or more, the condition that the increase in iron loss and the increase in carburizing amount can be significantly suppressed is the standard deviation of the forsterite film thickness. Was found to be 0.34 ⁇ m or less. When the forsterite film thickness is formed satisfying such a low standard deviation, it is considered that the high denseness of the forsterite film is satisfied. It should be noted that the forsterite film thickness within the above-mentioned predetermined range could be realized only under the resist condition 2 in which the resist was peeled off by the laser.
- electrolytic etching is performed on the removed portion to form a plurality of grooves extending linearly in a direction crossing the rolling direction of the steel sheet and arranging at intervals in the rolling direction.
- the groove in order to form a forsterite film on the bottom of the groove well, the groove should be formed at least before the final finish annealing (more specifically, before the application of the annealing separator) when the forsterite film is formed. It means that you need to do it.
- the width of the peeled portion of the resist ink is uniform, that is, within ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, so that the method of digging the groove at the time of etching is uniform.
- the formation of the groove using laser scanning under predetermined conditions can make the thickness of the forsterite film formed on the groove uniform, and satisfy the requirement for the standard deviation of the forsterite film thickness. It is considered to be one factor that can be made to occur.
- ⁇ Experiment 2> Contains C: 0.07% by mass, Si: 3.4% by mass, Mn: 0.1% by mass, Ni: 0.2% by mass, Al: 240% by mass, S: 20% by mass, N: 90% by mass and Se: 180% by mass.
- a steel slab (slab for directional electromagnetic steel plate) having a composition of Fe and unavoidable impurities was produced by continuous casting for the balance. The slab was heated to 1430 ° C. and then hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled plate having a plate thickness of 2.2 mm. The hot-rolled plate was annealed at 1100 ° C. for 20 seconds.
- Intermediate annealing was carried out under the conditions of. Further, after removing the subscale on the surface by pickling the cold-rolled sheet after intermediate annealing with hydrochloric acid pickling, cold rolling was carried out again to obtain a steel sheet having a final sheet thickness of 0.23 mm.
- the laser After applying resist ink to one side of the steel sheet, the laser is repeatedly scanned linearly in the direction orthogonal to the rolling direction and at intervals of 3 mm in the rolling direction, with an interval of 3 mm in the rolling direction.
- the resist ink was peeled off and removed.
- Laser irradiation is performed with a peeling width of 100 to 250 mm
- a single mode fiber laser is performed by a galvano scanner method
- the irradiation energy is 15 to 50 J / m
- the resist ink is completely peeled continuously from end to end in the width direction of the steel sheet. bottom.
- the temperature of the steel sheet was changed to 15 to 250 ° C., and laser irradiation was performed.
- electrolytic etching was performed so that a groove having a depth of 25 ⁇ m was formed. After electrolytic etching, the resist ink remaining on the steel sheet was removed.
- the agent was applied, and final finish annealing for the purpose of secondary recrystallization, forsterite film formation and purification was carried out under the conditions of 1160 ° C. and 10 hours.
- an insulating film made of 60% by mass colloidal silica and aluminum phosphate was applied, and tension coating was performed by baking at 850 ° C. This tension coating coating process also serves as flattening annealing.
- the forsterite film thickness formed on the bottom of the groove was investigated, and the average and standard deviation were calculated.
- Table 2 and FIG. 7 summarize the relationship between the irradiation energy and the temperature of the steel sheet at the time of resist peeling and the average and standard deviation of the forsterite film thickness formed at the bottom of the groove of the resulting steel sheet.
- the average forsterite film thickness formed at the bottom of the groove is 0.45 ⁇ m when the laser is scanned under the conditions that the laser irradiation energy is less than 30 J / m and the steel plate temperature is 40 ° C or higher and lower than 200 ° C. It was found that the standard deviation ⁇ satisfies the above and the standard deviation ⁇ is 0.34 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the steel plate temperature: 40 ° C. or higher is shown by a solid line
- the upper limit of the steel plate temperature: less than 200 ° C. and the upper limit of the irradiation energy: less than 30 J / m are shown by a dotted line.
- the inventors have explained the reason why the laser irradiation energy is less than 30 J / m under one condition that the average forsterite film thickness is 0.45 ⁇ m or more and the standard deviation ⁇ is 0.34 ⁇ m or less. I'm guessing. That is, when the irradiation energy of the laser is large, the steel plate around the irradiated portion (that is, the portion where the groove is formed in the next process) remains distorted, so that the method of digging the groove in the electrolytic etching in the next process varies. Occurs. As a result, the unevenness of the groove bottom becomes large, so that the thickness of the forsterite film formed on the groove bottom also varies.
- the reason why the average forsterite film thickness is 0.45 ⁇ m or more and the standard deviation ⁇ is 0.34 ⁇ m or less is that laser scanning is performed under the condition that the steel plate temperature is 40 ° C or higher and lower than 200 ° C. .
- the inventors speculate as follows. That is, when the temperature of the steel sheet is 40 ° C. or higher, the temperature distribution in the resist ink thin film becomes uniform when the laser is irradiated, and the toughness in the resist ink thin film becomes uniform. As a result, the ink is easily peeled off uniformly when irradiated with the laser, so that the shape of the groove is stabilized and the thickness of the forsterite film formed on the bottom thereof is less likely to vary. On the other hand, if the temperature of the steel sheet is raised to 200 ° C. or higher, the resist ink cannot be peeled off satisfactorily even by laser irradiation, because the resist ink thin film becomes too soft.
- the linear groove in the present embodiment is electrolyzed to the non-coated area after the resist ink for etching is applied and adhered to one side of the steel sheet before the application of the annealing separator (that is, before the final finish annealing). It is a method of forming by etching treatment. It is preferable to form linear grooves in the steel sheet after the final cold rolling and before decarburization annealing.
- a method of applying resist ink to the entire surface of one side of the steel sheet and then peeling and removing the ink under the above conditions by laser irradiation is suitable.
- the groove formation is performed by applying an annealing separator on which the forsterite film is formed. It is essential to carry out before final finishing annealing.
- the "direction across the rolling direction” is preferably within ⁇ 30 ° as a deviation with respect to the direction orthogonal to the rolling direction of the linear groove.
- the term “linear” includes not only a solid line but also a dotted line such as a dotted line or a broken line.
- the method for manufacturing the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is limited to the method for forming a groove for subdividing the magnetic domain and the matters not directly related to the control of the thickness of the forsterite coating formed on the bottom of the groove.
- the recommended composition and manufacturing conditions of the steel sheet are illustrated below.
- the component composition of the slab for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets may be any component composition that causes secondary recrystallization.
- an inhibitor for example, when using an AlN-based inhibitor, Al and N should be contained, and when using an MnS / MnSe-based inhibitor, Mn and Se and / or S should be contained in appropriate amounts. Just do it. Of course, both inhibitors may be used in combination.
- the preferable contents of Al, N, S and Se are Al: 0.01 to 0.065% by mass, N: 0.005 to 0.012% by mass, S: 0.005 to 0.03% by mass and Se: 0.005 to 0.03% by mass, respectively. be.
- Al, N, S and Se are purified and each of them is reduced to the content of unavoidable impurities.
- the present invention can also be applied to grain-oriented electrical steel sheets that do not use inhibitors and have limited contents of Al, N, S, and Se.
- the amounts of Al, N, S and Se are preferably suppressed to Al: less than 100 mass ppm, N: less than 50 mass ppm, S: less than 50 mass ppm, and Se: less than 50 mass ppm, respectively.
- the other component compositions are as follows. C: 0.08% by mass or less If the amount of C exceeds 0.08% by mass, it will be difficult to reduce C to 50% by mass or less where magnetic aging does not occur during the manufacturing process, so it should be 0.08% by mass or less. preferable.
- the lower limit is not particularly required because secondary recrystallization is possible even with a material containing no C, but it is usually 0.001% by mass or more.
- Si 2.0-8.0% by mass
- Si is an element effective for increasing the electric resistance of steel and improving iron loss, but it is difficult to achieve a sufficient iron loss reduction effect unless the content is less than 2.0% by mass.
- the amount of Si is preferably 2.0% by mass or more, and preferably 8.0% by mass or less.
- Mn 0.005 to 1.0% by mass
- Mn is an element necessary for improving hot workability, but its addition effect is poor when the content is less than 0.005% by mass.
- the amount of Mn is preferably 0.005% by mass or more, and preferably 1.0% by mass or less.
- Ni 0.03 to 1.50% by mass
- Sn 0.01 to 1.50% by mass
- Sb 0.005 to 1.50% by mass
- Cu 0.03 to 3.0% by mass
- P 0.03 to 0.50% by mass
- Mo 0.005 to 0.10% by mass
- Cr At least one Ni selected from 0.03 to 1.50% by mass is a useful element for improving the hot-rolled plate structure and improving the magnetic properties.
- the content is less than 0.03% by mass, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small.
- the content exceeds 1.50% by mass, the secondary recrystallization becomes unstable and the magnetic characteristics tend to deteriorate.
- the amount of Ni is preferably 0.03% by mass or more, and preferably 1.50% by mass or less.
- Sn, Sb, Cu, P, Mo and Cr are elements useful for improving the magnetic properties, respectively, but if all of them do not meet the lower limit of each component described above, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small.
- the upper limit of each component described above is exceeded, the development of secondary recrystallized grains is likely to be inhibited. Therefore, it is preferable to contain each in the above range. It is preferable that the balance other than the above-mentioned components is unavoidable impurities mixed in the manufacturing process and Fe which is the main component.
- the amount of the components other than C and the inhibitor component contained in the steel material is also contained in the product plate as it is.
- C is preferably reduced by decarburization annealing, and is preferably reduced to 0.003% by mass or less in the product plate in order to prevent an increase in iron loss due to magnetic aging.
- the inhibitor component is purified by the final finish annealing described later, and the content of the product board is reduced to the extent of unavoidable impurities.
- the slab having the above-mentioned component composition suitablely can be heated according to a conventional method prior to hot rolling.
- the heating temperature is preferably 1150 ° C. or higher, and preferably 1450 ° C. or lower.
- hot rolling is performed to obtain a hot rolled plate.
- hot rolling may be performed immediately without heating.
- hot rolling may be performed separately, or the preparation of thin slabs and hot rolling may be combined.
- the annealing temperature of the hot-rolled plate is preferably 800 ° C. or higher, and preferably 1100 ° C. or lower.
- the hot-rolled plate annealing temperature is less than 800 ° C., the band structure in hot rolling remains, it becomes difficult to obtain a sized primary recrystallization structure, and the development of secondary recrystallization is likely to be hindered. ..
- the hot-rolled plate annealing temperature exceeds 1100 ° C., the particle size after hot-rolled plate annealing becomes too coarse, and it becomes extremely difficult to obtain a sized primary recrystallized structure.
- the intermediate annealing temperature is preferably 800 ° C. or higher, and preferably 1150 ° C. or lower.
- the intermediate annealing time is preferably about 10 to 100 s.
- the steel sheet is decarburized and annealed.
- decarburization annealing it is preferable to target an annealing temperature of 750 to 900 ° C., an oxidizing atmosphere P (H 2 O) / P (H 2 ): 0.25 to 0.60, and an annealing time of about 50 to 300 s.
- the grooves are formed in the steel sheet after the final cold rolling and before decarburization annealing.
- the annealing separator is applied to one side or both sides of the steel sheet. It is preferable to apply an annealing separator on both sides of the steel sheet.
- the main component of the annealing separator is MgO, and the coating amount on both sides of the steel sheet is about 8 to 15 g / m 2 , which is suitable for forming a forsterite film having a predetermined thickness.
- Final finish annealing is performed for the purpose of secondary recrystallization and formation of a forsterite film.
- the annealing temperature is 1100 ° C. or higher and the annealing time is 30 minutes or longer.
- the tension coating examples include an inorganic coating containing silica, a ceramic coating, and the like, and any of a physical vapor deposition method, a chemical vapor deposition method, and the like can be performed by a conventional method.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention can be preferably obtained by going through the above-mentioned steps, but the above-mentioned steps and manufacturing conditions may all be according to a conventional method.
- a steel slab (slab for directional electromagnetic steel plate) having a composition of Fe and unavoidable impurities was produced by continuous casting for the balance. The slab was heated to 1430 ° C. and then hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled plate having a plate thickness of 2.2 mm. The hot-rolled plate was annealed at 1100 ° C. for 20 seconds.
- Grooves were formed on one side of the steel sheet under the conditions shown in Table 3.
- the groove formation pattern shown in Table 3 is as follows. In each case, the groove width was adjusted to 150 ⁇ m. I After final finish etching, grooves with a depth of 10 ⁇ m were formed with gear-shaped rolls with 5 mm intervals. II After final finish etching, grooves with a depth of 15 ⁇ m were formed with high-power laser irradiation. After applying resist ink with a pattern that has a coating area, after applying resist ink with a pattern that has a non-application area at 3mm intervals with an IV inkjet printer (200dpi) that has a groove with a depth of 20 ⁇ m formed in the non-application area by electrolytic etching.
- an IV inkjet printer 200dpi
- the forsterite film thickness formed on the bottom of the groove of the test piece thus obtained was investigated, and the average and standard deviation of the forsterite film thickness were calculated by the same procedure as in Experiment 1 described above. Further, the test piece is sheared to a size of 30 ⁇ 280 mm, subjected to strain-removing annealing (for the purpose of eliminating the influence of shearing) under the conditions of an argon atmosphere and 800 ° C. ⁇ 3 h, and then the Epstein test method is applied to the sample. Magnetic measurement was performed at.
- Table 3 shows the average and standard deviation of the forsterite film thickness formed at the bottom of the groove, the amount of increase / decrease in W 17/50 and the amount of increase / decrease in nitrogen (nitriding amount) before and after strain removal annealing in the nitriding atmosphere mixed gas. And are also written.
- the irradiation energy and the steel plate temperature are shown as “-”.
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Abstract
Description
ここで、変圧器は、その鉄心構造から積鉄心変圧器と巻鉄心変圧器に大別される。積鉄心変圧器とは、所定の形状に切断した鋼板を積層することによって鉄心を形成するものである。一方、巻鉄心変圧器は、鋼板を巻き重ねて鉄心を形成するものである。変圧器鉄心として要求される特性は種々あるが、特に重要なのは鉄損が低減されて小さいことである。
そして、かかる鉄損の低減に必要な効果を有する材料の開発が年々強く求められてきている。
磁区細分化技術とは、鋼板の表面に対して物理的な手法で不均一性を導入することにより、磁区の幅を細分化して鉄損を低減する技術である。
これらの技術は、トランス組立後に歪み取り焼鈍を行ってもその効果が消失しない、いわゆる耐熱型の磁区細分化技術である。
鋼中に侵入した窒素や炭素は、焼鈍後の冷却中あるいはその後の時効により、他の鋼中元素と結合し、窒化物や、炭化物として鋼中に析出し、磁気特性を劣化させる場合がある。通常、こういった磁気特性の劣化が生じないよう、焼鈍温度あるいは焼鈍雰囲気をコントロールするが、ガスのコストメリットやユーティリティの都合で、窒化や、浸炭が生じるうる状況で、歪み取り焼鈍を行う場合がある。
その結果、巻鉄心変圧器用の耐熱型の磁区細分化材は、溝やケガキ等の物理的な不均一性を導入しない鋼板に比べて、鉄損特性に優れるものの、歪み取り焼鈍中に窒化や浸炭が生じやすいという問題点があった。
一般的に、浸炭や窒化の起点となるのは表面反応である。かかる表面反応は、鋼板表面において、浸炭や窒化能を有するガス(例えば二酸化炭素ガス、窒素ガス、アンモニアガス)が分解し、炭素や窒素のラジカルが生成する。その後、炭素、窒素のラジカルは鋼板内部に侵入して拡散し、冷却中に鋼中の他の元素(珪素など)と結合し、炭化物や窒化物を生成する。かかる炭化物や窒化物は鋼板の磁気特性を劣化させるため、後に行われる歪み取り焼鈍後の鋼板の磁気特性は劣化する。
まず、鋼板表面でのラジカルの生成を防ぐためには、地鉄表面が歪み取り焼鈍で用いるガスに対して露出することなく、緻密な被膜によって覆われていることが肝要である。
ここで、耐熱型の磁区細分化処理を施した鋼板用材料について、溝の形成方法によっては、溝部が緻密な被膜に覆われない場合がある。
また、前記した特許文献2に開示されている、仕上げ焼鈍後あるいは絶縁被膜形成後の鋼板に、歯車型ロールにて凹部を形成し、歪み取り焼鈍時に凹部に微細粒を形成する方法では、歯車型ロールを押しつける時に、やはりフォルステライト被膜層が破壊されてしまう。
但し、このような、冷間圧延後、仕上げ焼鈍前に、鋼板表面にエッチング処理により溝を形成する方法においても、溝底部のフォルステライトの形成の仕方にはバラつきがある。
そこで、発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、その形成の仕方のバラつきを小さく抑えることで、歪み取り焼鈍中の浸炭や窒化を最も抑制できることが明らかになった。
すなわち、以下の条件を満たすような方向性電磁鋼板を製造することで、その後の工程である鉄心加工の際に行われる歪み取り焼鈍中の浸炭や窒化を効果的に抑制できることを知見した。
1.鋼板の片面に、圧延方向を横切る向きに線状に延びかつ該圧延方向に間隔を置いて並ぶ、複数本の溝を有し、前記鋼板の表面に少なくともフォルステライト被膜をそなえる方向性電磁鋼板であって、
前記溝の底部に形成された前記フォルステライト被膜厚さの平均が0.45μm以上であって、かつかかる厚さの標準偏差σが0.34μm以下である方向性電磁鋼板。
前記冷間圧延後かつ前記焼鈍分離剤の塗布前に、前記鋼板の片面にレジストインクを塗布し、該塗布面に対して、レーザを前記鋼板の圧延方向を横切る向きに線状に走査することを該圧延方向に間隔を置いて繰り返し、前記レーザが照射された部分のレジストインクを除去した後、該除去された部分に電解エッチングを施すことにより、前記鋼板の圧延方向を横切る向きに線状に延びかつ該圧延方向に間隔を置いて並ぶ、複数本の溝を形成し、
前記レーザの走査は、該レーザの照射エネルギーを30J/m未満および前記鋼板の温度を40℃以上200℃未満として行う、方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
本発明に従う方向性電磁鋼板は、鋼板の片面に、圧延方向を横切る向きに線状に延びかつ圧延方向に間隔を置いて並ぶ、複数本の溝を有し、鋼板表面に少なくともフォルステライト被膜をそなえる。方向性電磁鋼板は、フォルステライト被膜上に更に張力コーティングをそなえることが好ましい。また、本発明に従う方向性電磁鋼板は、上記線状溝の底部(溝底部)に形成されたフォルステライト被膜厚さの平均が0.45μm以上であって、該フォルステライト被膜厚さの標準偏差σが0.34μm以下であることが肝要である。
そして、本発明に従う方向性電磁鋼板は、後述する本発明に従う方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法により好適に得ることができる。
<実験1>
C:0.07質量%、Si:3.4質量%、Mn:0.1質量%、Ni:0.2質量%、Al:240質量ppm、S:20質量ppm、N:90質量ppmおよびSe:180質量ppmを含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避不純物の組成からなる鋼スラブ(方向性電磁鋼板用スラブ)を、連続鋳造にて製造した。該スラブを1430℃に加熱後、熱間圧延により板厚:2.2mmの熱延板とした。該熱延板に対して、1100℃で20秒の熱延板焼鈍を施した。ついで、熱延板焼鈍後の熱延板に対する冷間圧延により中間板厚:0.40mmとしたのち、酸化度P(H2O)/P(H2)=0.40、温度:1000℃、時間:70秒の条件で中間焼鈍を実施した。さらに、中間焼鈍後の冷延板に対する塩酸酸洗により表面のサブスケールを除去したのち、再度、冷間圧延を実施して、最終板厚:0.23mmの冷延板(または、単に「鋼板」ともいう)とした。
図1に示すように、線状溝部を6個含むように圧延方向に断面観察用試料を採取する。さらに、その試料の断面をSEMにて観察し、溝底部のフォルステライト被膜の厚さを測定する。
上記張力コーティング塗布処理後の試験片を、30×280mmの大きさにせん断後、アルゴン雰囲気、800℃×3hの条件で歪み取り焼鈍(せん断による影響を排除する目的)を行い試料とし、エプスタイン試験法にて磁気測定を行った。さらに、浸炭雰囲気における歪み取り焼鈍の影響を調査するために、かかる試料を、再度、CO:0.5vol%、CO2:13vol%、H2O:2.5vol%、H2:1vol%、残ガスN2(露点:20℃)の混合ガス中で、870℃×2hの条件で焼鈍を実施し、エプスタイン試験法にて磁気測定を行った。
なお、上記所定範囲のフォルステライト被膜厚さを実現できたのは、レーザによるレジスト剥離を行ったレジスト条件2のみにおいてであった。
(1) 冷間圧延後かつ焼鈍分離剤の塗布前(つまり、最終仕上げ焼鈍前)に、鋼板の片面にレジストインクを塗布する
(2) 上記レジストインクを塗布した鋼板の塗布面に対して、レーザを鋼板の圧延方向を横切る向きに線状に走査することを圧延方向に間隔を置いて繰り返し、レーザを走査してなる照射部のレジストインクを除去した後、該除去部に電解エッチングを施すことにより、鋼板の圧延方向を横切る向きに線状に延びかつ圧延方向に間隔を置いて並ぶ、複数本の溝を形成する
(3) 上記レーザの走査は、該レーザの照射エネルギーが30J/m未満および鋼板温度が40℃以上200℃未満の条件下で行う
との3要件を満足することが必要であることが明らかになった。
他方、本発明のように、レーザの照射によりレジストインクを剥離する方法は、レジストインクの剥離部の幅が均一、すなわち±10μm程度以内となるので、エッチングの際の溝の掘れ方が均一となる。その結果、所定の条件下でのレーザ走査を利用した溝の形成は、その上に形成されるフォルステライト被膜の厚みを均一にでき、かつ、フォルステライト被膜厚さの標準偏差にかかる要件を満足させることのできる一要因と考えられる。
<実験2>
C:0.07質量%、Si:3.4質量%、Mn:0.1質量%、Ni:0.2質量%、Al:240質量ppm、S:20質量ppm、N:90質量ppmおよびSe:180質量ppmを含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避不純物の組成からなる鋼スラブ(方向性電磁鋼板用スラブ)を、連続鋳造にて製造した。該スラブを1430℃に加熱後、熱間圧延により板厚:2.2mmの熱延板とした。該熱延板に対して、1100℃で20秒の熱延板焼鈍を施した。ついで、熱延板焼鈍後の熱延板に対する冷間圧延により中間板厚:0.40mmとし、酸化度P(H2O)/P(H2)=0.40、温度:1000℃、時間:70秒の条件で中間焼鈍を実施した。さらに、中間焼鈍後の冷延板に対する塩酸酸洗により表面のサブスケールを除去したのち、再度、冷間圧延を実施して、最終板厚:0.23mmの鋼板とした。
その後、前述の方法にて、溝底部に形成したフォルステライト被膜厚さを調査し、その平均と標準偏差を算出した。
なお、図7において、鋼板温度の下限:40℃以上は実線により示し、鋼板温度の上限:200℃未満および照射エネルギーの上限:30J/m未満は点線により示した。
すなわち、レーザの照射エネルギーが大きい場合、照射部(つまり、次工程で溝が形成される部分)周辺の鋼板に歪みが残存するため、次工程である電解エッチングの際の溝の掘れ方にバラつきが生じる。その結果、溝底部の凹凸が大きくなるため、溝底部に形成するフォルステライト被膜の厚さにもバラつきが生じる。
すなわち、鋼板温度を40℃以上にすると、レーザ照射される際の、レジストインク薄膜内の温度分布が均一となって、レジストインク薄膜内の靭性が均一となる。その結果、レーザ照射された際に均一にインクが剥離しやすくなるため、溝の形状が安定することとなり、その底部に形成するフォルステライト被膜の厚さのバラつきが生じにくくなる。一方、鋼板温度を200℃以上に上げ過ぎると、レーザ照射によってもレジストインクを良好に剥離できなくなってしまうが、これは、レジストインク薄膜が柔らかくなり過ぎるからである。
本実施形態における線状溝は、前述のとおり、焼鈍分離剤の塗布前(つまり、最終仕上げ焼鈍前)の鋼板の片面にエッチング用のレジストインクを塗布・付着させたのち、非塗布域に対する電解エッチング処理により形成する方法とする。最終冷間圧延後かつ脱炭焼鈍前の鋼板に線状溝を形成することが好ましい。溝パターンの形成における非塗布域の形成は、レジストインクを鋼板の片面全面に塗布した後、レーザ照射にて上記の条件でインクを剥離除去する方法が適する。溝底部にフォルステライト被膜が均一かつ緻密に形成されることが、歪み取り焼鈍中の窒化、浸炭の抑制に重要であるため、溝形成を、フォルステライト被膜が形成される焼鈍分離剤の塗布および最終仕上げ焼鈍前に実施することが必須である。
本発明において、方向性電磁鋼板用スラブの成分組成は、二次再結晶が生じる成分組成であればよい。また、インヒビターを利用する場合、例えばAlN系インヒビターを利用する場合であればAlおよびNを、またMnS・MnSe系インヒビターを利用する場合であればMnとSeおよび/またはSとを適量含有させればよい。勿論、両インヒビターを併用してもよい。この場合におけるAl、N、SおよびSeの好適含有量は、それぞれ、Al:0.01~0.065質量%、N:0.005~0.012質量%、S:0.005~0.03質量%、Se:0.005~0.03質量%である。なお、最終仕上げ焼鈍においてAl、N、SおよびSeは純化され、それぞれ不可避的不純物程度の含有量に低減される。
さらに、本発明は、Al、N、S、Seの含有量を制限した、インヒビターを使用しない方向性電磁鋼板にも適用することができる。この場合には、Al、N、SおよびSe量はそれぞれ、Al:100質量ppm未満、N:50質量ppm未満、S:50質量ppm未満、Se:50質量ppm未満に抑制することが好ましい。
C:0.08質量%以下
C量は、0.08質量%を超えると、磁気時効の起こらない50質量ppm以下まで製造工程中にCを低減することが困難になるため、0.08質量%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、下限に関しては、Cを含まない素材でも二次再結晶が可能であるので特に設ける必要はないが、通常0.001質量%以上である。
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を高め、鉄損を改善するのに有効な元素であるが、含有量が2.0質量%に満たないと十分な鉄損低減効果を達成し難い。一方、8.0質量%を超えると加工性が著しく低下し、また磁束密度も低下し易い。そのため、Si量は2.0質量%以上とすることが好ましく、8.0質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
Mnは、熱間加工性を良好にする上で必要な元素であるが、含有量が0.005質量%未満ではその添加効果に乏しい。一方、1.0質量%を超えると製品板の磁束密度が低下し易い。そのため、Mn量は0.005質量%以上とすることが好ましく、1.0質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
Ni:0.03~1.50質量%、Sn:0.01~1.50質量%、Sb:0.005~1.50質量%、Cu:0.03~3.0質量%、P:0.03~0.50質量%、Mo:0.005~0.10質量%およびCr:0.03~1.50質量%のうちから選んだ少なくとも1種
Niは、熱延板組織を改善して磁気特性を向上させるために有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.03質量%未満では磁気特性の向上効果が小さい。一方、含有量が1.50質量%を超えると二次再結晶が不安定になり磁気特性が劣化し易い。そのため、Ni量は0.03質量%以上とすることが好ましく、1.50質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
また、Sn、Sb、Cu、P、MoおよびCrは、それぞれ磁気特性の向上に有用な元素であるが、いずれも上記した各成分の下限量に満たないと、磁気特性の向上効果が小さい。一方、上記した各成分の上限量を超えると、二次再結晶粒の発達が阻害され易い。そのため、それぞれ上記の範囲で含有させることが好ましい。
なお、上記した成分以外の残部は、製造工程において混入する不可避的不純物および主成分であるFeであることが好ましい。また、製品板(方向性電磁鋼板)においては、Cおよびインヒビター成分以外の成分は鋼素材(方向性電磁鋼板用スラブ)において含有させた量がそのまま製品板にも含有される。一方、Cは脱炭焼鈍により低減され、製品板では磁気時効による鉄損増大を防ぐために0.003質量%以下に低減されることが好ましい。また、インヒビター成分は後述の最終仕上げ焼鈍にて純化され、製品板では不可避的不純物程度の含有量に低減されることが好ましい。
[加熱]
上記した成分組成を好適に有するスラブは熱間圧延に先立ち、常法に従い加熱することができる。加熱温度は、1150℃以上が好ましく、1450℃以下が好ましい。
好適には上記加熱後に、熱間圧延を行って熱延板を得る。鋳造後、加熱せずに直ちに熱間圧延を行ってもよい。薄鋳片の場合には、熱間圧延を別途行ってもよいし、薄鋳片の調製と熱間圧延とを兼ねてもよい。
熱間圧延を実施する場合は、粗圧延最終パスの圧延温度を900℃以上で実施することが好ましく、仕上げ圧延最終パスの圧延温度を700℃以上で実施することが好ましい。
その後、必要に応じて熱延板焼鈍を施す。このとき、製品板において、ゴス組織を高度に発達させるためには、熱延板焼鈍温度として800℃以上が好適であり、1100℃以下が好適である。熱延板焼鈍温度が800℃未満であると、熱間圧延でのバンド組織が残留し、整粒した一次再結晶組織を得ることが困難になって、二次再結晶の発達が阻害され易い。一方、熱延板焼鈍温度が1100℃を超えると、熱延板焼鈍後の粒径が粗大化しすぎるために、整粒した一次再結晶組織を得ることが極めて困難となる。
その後、1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施して、最終板厚を有する鋼板を得る。中間焼鈍温度は800℃以上とすることが好適であり、1150℃以下とすることが好適である。また、中間焼鈍時間は、10~100s程度とすることが好ましい。
その後、鋼板に脱炭焼鈍を行う。脱炭焼鈍では、焼鈍温度750~900℃、酸化性雰囲気P(H2O)/P(H2):0.25~0.60および焼鈍時間:50~300s程度をそれぞれ目標とすることが好ましい。
なお、上述したとおり、鋼板への溝の形成は、最終冷間圧延後かつ脱炭焼鈍前に行うことが好ましい。
その後、鋼板の片面又は両面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布する。鋼板の両面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布することが好ましい。焼鈍分離剤は、主成分をMgOとし、塗布量を鋼板の両面でそれぞれ8~15g/m2程度とすることが、所定の厚さを有するフォルステライト被膜を形成するために好適である。
その後、二次再結晶およびフォルステライト被膜の形成を目的として最終仕上げ焼鈍を施す。
所定の厚さを有するフォルステライト被膜を形成する観点から、焼鈍温度は1100℃以上、焼鈍時間は30分以上とすることがそれぞれ好ましい。
最終仕上げ焼鈍後には、平坦化焼鈍を行って形状を矯正することが、方向性電磁鋼板を鉄心加工した際の占積率を改善させるうえで有効である。平坦化焼鈍は、焼鈍温度750~950℃、焼鈍時間10~200s程度を目標にそれぞれ実施するのが好適である。
なお、本発明では、平坦化焼鈍前または後に、鋼板表面に張力コーティング(絶縁被膜)を施すことが好ましい。張力コーティングとは、鉄損低減のために、鋼板に張力を付与するコーティングを意味する。張力コーティングとしては、シリカを含有する無機系コーティング、セラミックコーティング等が挙げられ、物理蒸着法、化学蒸着法等の、いずれも常法により行うことができる。
また、上記した工程を経ることで本発明に従う方向性電磁鋼板が好適に得られるが、上述していない工程および製造条件は、いずれも常法によればよい。
表3に示した溝形成パターンは以下の通りである。なお、いずれも溝幅は150μmとなるよう調整した。
I 最終仕上げ焼鈍後、5mm間隔の歯車型ロールで深さ10μmの溝を形成した
II 最終仕上げ焼鈍後、高出力レーザ照射にて深さ15μmの溝を形成した
III 溝ロールにて3mm間隔の非塗布域を有するパターンでレジストインクを塗布後、電解エッチングで非塗布域に深さ20μmの溝を形成した
IV インクジェットプリンタ(200dpi)にて3mm間隔の非塗布域を有するパターンでレジストインクを塗布後、電解エッチングで非塗布域に深さ20μmの溝を形成した
V 鋼板の片面にレジストインクを塗布したあと、レーザを圧延方向と直交する向きに、かつ、圧延方向に3mmの間隔を置きながら繰り返し線状に走査して、圧延方向に3mmの間隔を置いてレジストインクを剥離除去した。レーザ照射は、シングルモードファイバーレーザをガルバノスキャナー方式によって行い、鋼板の幅方向に端から端まで連続的にレジストインクを完全に剥離した。その後、深さ25μmの溝が形成されるように電解エッチングを施した。
ついで、酸化度P(H2O)/P(H2)=0.44、均熱温度820℃で300秒保持する脱炭焼鈍を施したのち、鋼板表面にMgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布し、二次再結晶・フォルステライト被膜形成および純化を目的とした最終仕上げ焼鈍を1160℃、10hの条件で行った。さらに、60質量%のコロイダルシリカとリン酸アルミニウムからなる絶縁被膜を塗布したのち、850℃にて焼付ける張力コーティングを行って試験片とした。この張力コーティング塗布処理は、平坦化焼鈍も兼ねている。
また、前記試験片を、30×280mmの大きさにせん断後、アルゴン雰囲気、800℃×3hの条件で歪み取り焼鈍(せん断による影響を排除する目的)を施したのち、その試料についてエプスタイン試験法にて磁気測定を行った。さらに、窒化雰囲気における歪み取り焼鈍の影響を調査するために、再度、NH3:12~15vol%、残ガスとしてN2:H2=1:3のアンモニア分解ガス(混合ガス)中で、820℃×2hの条件の歪み取り焼鈍を実施した。この歪み取り焼鈍後の試料についてエプスタイン試験法にて磁気測定を行った。窒化雰囲気混合ガスを用いた歪み取り焼鈍前後でのエプスタイン試験結果を比較し、W17/50の増減量を求めた。また、かかる歪み取り焼鈍前後で窒素量を化学分析し、該焼鈍前後での化学分析結果を比較し、窒素の増減量を求めた。
表3に示したとおり、本発明に適合する条件で、所定の平均厚さおよび標準偏差を満たすフォルステライト被膜を溝底部に形成した場合、歪み取り焼鈍中の窒化を効果的に抑制でき、かつ磁気特性に優れた方向性電磁鋼板を得ることができた。
Claims (2)
- 鋼板の片面に、圧延方向を横切る向きに線状に延びかつ該圧延方向に間隔を置いて並ぶ、複数本の溝を有し、前記鋼板の表面に少なくともフォルステライト被膜をそなえる方向性電磁鋼板であって、
前記溝の底部に形成された前記フォルステライト被膜厚さの平均が0.45μm以上であって、かつかかる厚さの標準偏差σが0.34μm以下である方向性電磁鋼板。 - 方向性電磁鋼板用スラブを、熱間圧延して熱延板を得、ついで該熱延板に1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施して、最終板厚に仕上げた鋼板を得たのち、該鋼板に脱炭焼鈍を施し、ついで前記鋼板の表面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布してから、前記鋼板に最終仕上げ焼鈍を行ったのち、前記鋼板に平坦化焼鈍を施す一連の工程を有する方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法において、
前記冷間圧延後かつ前記焼鈍分離剤の塗布前に、前記鋼板の片面にレジストインクを塗布し、該塗布面に対して、レーザを前記鋼板の圧延方向を横切る向きに線状に走査することを該圧延方向に間隔を置いて繰り返し、前記レーザが照射された部分のレジストインクを除去した後、該除去された部分に電解エッチングを施すことにより、前記鋼板の圧延方向を横切る向きに線状に延びかつ該圧延方向に間隔を置いて並ぶ、複数本の溝を形成し、
前記レーザの走査は、該レーザの照射エネルギーを30J/m未満および前記鋼板の温度を40℃以上200℃未満として行う、方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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