Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/52—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
  • C07K14/54—Interleukins [IL]
  • C07K14/55—IL-2
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/177—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
  • A61K38/1793—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
  • A61K38/20—Interleukins [IL]
  • A61K38/2013—IL-2
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
  • A61K9/19—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles lyophilised, i.e. freeze-dried, solutions or dispersions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
  • C07K14/715—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons
  • C07K14/7155—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons for interleukins [IL]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide

Definitions

• compositions comprising polypeptides comprising a circularly permuted interleukin-2 (IL-2) fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain, and methods of making and using such compositions.
• IL-2 interleukin-2
• Polypeptides comprising a circularly permuted interleukin-2 (IL-2) fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain interleukin-2 (IL-2) interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ra) hold great promise as anti-cancer agents.
• IL-2Ra chain interleukin-2 (IL-2) interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ra) hold great promise as anti-cancer agents.
• These polypeptides retain full ability to signal through the intermediate-affinity IL-2R complex that is expressed on memory CD8+ T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells, but are sterically prevented from binding to the high-affinity IL-2R complex that is preferentially expressed on CD4+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (CD4+ Tregs) and endothelial cells.
• the polypeptides selectively activate CD8+ T cells and NK cells, thereby promoting tumor cell killing.
• the inability to activate the high-affinity IL-2R on endothelial cells may also reduce the risk of toxicity due to capillary leak syndrome, a known risk of IL-2 therapies.
• the aforementioned polypeptides When used for the treatment of human subjects, the aforementioned polypeptides must be stored prior to use and transported to the point of administration. Reproducibly attaining a desired level of polypeptide in a subject requires that the polypeptide be stored in a formulation that maintains the bioactivity of the polypeptide. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for stable compositions of polypeptides. Preferably, such compositions will exhibit a long shelf-life, and be stable when stored and transported.
• compositions comprising polypeptides comprising a circularly permuted IL-2 fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain, and methods of making and using such compositions. These compositions are specifically formulated to improve the stability and shelf-life of the polypeptides contained therein.
• the disclosure provides a composition comprising: a) about 1 mg to about 50 mg of a polypeptide comprising a circularly permuted IL-2 fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain; b) sucrose; c) citrate buffer; and d) polysorbate 20.
• the polypeptide comprises an amino acid having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain embodiments, the polypeptide consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
• the composition comprises about 100 mg to about 120 mg sucrose. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 110 mg sucrose.
• the composition comprises about 4.0 mg to about 6.0 mg of citrate. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 5.0 mg citrate.
• the citrate buffer is formed by the combination of 2.03 mg/mL sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate and 0.97 mg/mL citric acid monohydrate in the aqueous solution. In certain embodiments, the citrate buffer is formed by the combination of 2.91 mg/mL sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate and 0.34 mg/mL citric acid monohydrate in the aqueous solution.
• the composition comprises citric acid and sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate in a mass ratio of citric acid:sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate of between about 1:10 to about 1:2 (i.e., about 1:10, about 1:9, about 1:8, about 1:7, about 1:6, about 1:5, about 1:4, about 1:3, and about 1:2).
• the composition comprises citric acid and sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate in a mass ratio of citric acid:sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate of about 1:9.
• the composition comprises citric acid and sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate in a mass ratio of citric acid: sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate of about 1:2.
• the composition comprises about 0.20 mg to about 0.24 mg polysorbate 20. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.22 mg polysorbate 20.
• the composition comprises about 2.2 mg of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 11 mg of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 33 mg of the polypeptide.
• the composition is a lyophilized cake.
• the dissolution of the lyophilized cake in water results in an aqueous solution with a pH of about 5.5 to about 6.5.
• the dissolution of the lyophilized cake in water results in an aqueous solution with a pH of about 6.1.
• the dissolution of the lyophilized cake in water results in an aqueous solution with an osmolality of about 160 to about 230 mOsm/kg. In certain embodiments, the dissolution of the lyophilized cake in water results in an aqueous solution with an osmolality of about 179 mOsm/kg.
• the dissolution of the lyophilized cake in a sodium chloride solution results in an aqueous solution with an osmolality of about 240 to about 340 mOsm/kg.
• the aqueous solution is further diluted with water or a sodium chloride solution.
• the aqueous solution comprises about 0.03 mg/mL of the polypeptide to about 0.2 mg/mL of the polypeptide.
• the composition is an aqueous solution.
• the composition is a 2.2 ml aqueous solution comprising 2.2 mg of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the composition is a 2.2 ml aqueous solution comprising 11 mg of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the composition is a 2.2 ml aqueous solution comprising 33 mg of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the composition is a 2.2 ml aqueous solution comprising 44 mg of the polypeptide.
• the pH of the solution is about 6.1.
• the composition is a single unit dose of the polypeptide.
• the disclosure provides a composition comprising: a) about 1 mg to about 50 mg (e.g., about 2, 11, or 33 mg) of a polypeptide comprising a circularly permuted IL-2 fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain; b) about 100 mg to about 120 mg sucrose; c) about 4.0 mg to about 6.0 mg of citrate anion; and d) about 0.20 mg to about 0.24 mg polysorbate 20.
• the polypeptide comprises an amino acid having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
• the composition comprises about 110 mg sucrose. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 5.0 mg citrate anion. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.22 mg polysorbate 20.
• the composition comprises about 2.2 mg of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 11 mg of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 33 mg of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 44 mg of the polypeptide.
• the composition is a lyophilized cake.
• the lyophilized cake comprises: a) about 2.2 mg of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) about 110 mg sucrose; c) about 5.0 mg of citrate anion; and d) about 0.22 mg polysorbate 20.
• the lyophilized cake comprises: a) about 11 mg of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) about 110 mg sucrose; c) about 5.0 mg of citrate anion; and d) about 0.22 mg polysorbate 20.
• the lyophilized cake comprises: a) about 33 mg of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) about 110 mg sucrose; c) about 5.0 mg of citrate anion; and d) about 0.22 mg polysorbate 20.
• the composition is an aqueous solution.
• the composition is a 2.2 ml aqueous solution comprising: a) about 2.2 mg of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) about 110 mg sucrose; c) about 5.0 mg of citrate anion; and d) about 0.22 mg polysorbate 20.
• the composition is a 2.2 ml aqueous solution comprising: a) about 11 mg of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) about 110 mg sucrose; c) about 5.0 mg of citrate anion; and d) about 0.22 mg polysorbate 20.
• the composition is a 2.2 ml aqueous solution comprising: a) about 33 mg of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) about 110 mg sucrose; c) about 5.0 mg of citrate anion; and d) about 0.22 mg polysorbate 20.
• the pH of the aqueous solution is about 6.1.
• the composition is a single unit dose of the polypeptide.
• the disclosure provides an aqueous composition comprising: a) about 1 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL of a polypeptide comprising a circularly permuted IL-2 fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain; b) about 45 mg/mL to about 55 mg/mL sucrose; c) about 10 mM to about 20 mM (e.g., about 10 mM to about 13 mM) citrate; and d) about 0.09 mg/mL to about 1.1 mg/mL polysorbate 20, wherein the pH of the solution is about 5.5 to about 6.5.
• the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.
• the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
• the aqueous composition comprises about 50 mg/mL sucrose. In certain embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises about 12 mM citrate.
• the aqueous composition comprises about 0.1 mg/mL polysorbate 20. In certain embodiments, the aqueous composition has a pH of about 6.1. [033] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 mg/mL of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 5 mg/mL of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 15 mg/mL of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 20 mg/mL of the polypeptide.
• an aqueous composition comprising: a) about 1, 5, or 15 mg/mL of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) about 50 mg/mL to about 55 mg/mL sucrose; c) about 12 mM citrate buffer; and d) about O.lmg/mL polysorbate 20, wherein the pH of the composition is about 6.1.
• the aqueous composition comprises: a) about 1 mg/mL of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) about 50 mg/mL sucrose; c) about 12 mM (e.g., 11.95 mM) citrate; and d) about 0.1 mg/mL polysorbate 20, wherein the pH of the solution is about 6.1.
• the aqueous composition comprises: a) about 5 mg/mL of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) about 50 mg/mL sucrose; c) about 12 mM (e.g., 11.95 mM) citrate; and d) about 0.1 mg/mL polysorbate 20, wherein the pH of the solution is about 6.1.
• the aqueous composition comprises: a) about 15 mg/mL of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) about 50 mg/mL sucrose; c) about 12 mM (e.g., 11.95 mM) citrate; and d) about 0.1 mg/mL polysorbate 20, wherein the pH of the solution is about 6.1.
• the disclosure provides an article of manufacture comprising any of the foregoing compositions.
• the article is a glass vial.
• the disclosure provides a lyophilized composition made by lyophilizing any of the foregoing aqueous solutions.
• the disclosure provides a method of making a lyophilized composition, the method comprising lyophilizing any of the foregoing aqueous solutions.
• the disclosure provides a method of making an aqueous composition, the method comprising dissolving any of the foregoing lyophilized compositions in an aqueous solvent.
• the aqueous solvent is water for injection.
• the aqueous solvent is a sodium chloride solution.
• the sodium chloride solution comprises about 0.1% NaCl to about 0.5% NaCl.
• the sodium chloride solution comprises about 0.12% NaCl to about 0.41% NaCl.
• the sodium chloride solution comprises about 0.02 M NaCl to about 0.07 M NaCl.
• the aqueous composition comprises an osmolality of about 240 to about 340 mOsm/kg.
• the pH of the aqueous composition is adjusted to about 6.1. In certain embodiments, the pH of the aqueous composition is adjusted to about 6.1 with a base. In certain embodiments, the base is sodium hydroxide.
• the aqueous composition is further diluted with an aqueous solution comprising about 1% (w/w) of a surfactant.
• the surfactant is polysorbate 20.
• the aqueous solution further comprises about 0.1% (w/w) citric acid monohydrate, 0.2% (w/w) sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, and 98.7% (w/w) water for injection.
• the composition comprises a pharmaceutical composition.
• the disclosure provides a method of activating natural killer cells (NK) cells in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the foregoing compositions.
• NK natural killer cells
• the disclosure provides a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the foregoing compositions.
• the cancer is renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, ovarian cancer, or lung cancer.
• the cancer comprises a refractory solid tumor.
• Fig. 1 depicts activity of Polypeptide A in several formulations as a reconstituted product or a lyophilized product. Activity was measured in a pSTAT5 ELISA assay.
• Fig. 2 depicts size exclusion chromatography results of Polypeptide A in several formulations as a lyophilized product.
• Fig. 3 depicts size exclusion chromatography results of Polypeptide A in several formulations as a reconstituted product.
• Fig. 4 depicts differential scanning calorimetry studies of Polypeptide A as a function of buffer composition. The Tm of unfolding results are shown. All error bars are standard deviation from triplicate experiments.
• Fig. 5 depicts OD350 with time studies of Polypeptide A at 72 °C as a function of buffer composition. Average OD350 after 8 hours at 72 °C is shown. All error bars are standard deviation from triplicate experiments.
• Fig. 6 depicts micro-flow imaging studies of Polypeptide A as a function of buffer composition after 3 days of shaking at 300 RPM. Total subvisible particle concentration is shown, and error bars are standard deviation from triplicate experiments.
• Fig. 7 depicts micro-flow imaging studies of Polypeptide A as a function of shaking stress and buffer composition. Total subvisible particle concentration is shown and error bars are standard deviation from triplicate experiments.
• compositions comprising polypeptides comprising a circularly permuted IL-2 fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain, and methods of making and using such compositions.
• the formulations disclosed herein provide improved stability and shelf-life of the polypeptides contained therein.
• the polypeptide product retains biological activity, including after being lyophilized in the recited formulations and reconstituted in water for injection (WFI) or a similarly acceptable diluent.
• WFI water for injection
• the formulations described herein have been designed to allow the lyophilized product to be reconstituted in WFI, with is readily available to a patient or healthcare provider.
• the formulations provided herein also yield a lyophilized cake that has a preferred appearance. Specifically, the cake is intact (not fragmented), has little to no shrinkage from the container (e.g., a glass vial), and have an even, concave surface.
• Circular permutation and “circularly permuted” refer to the process of taking a linear protein, or its cognate nucleic acid sequence, and fusing the native N- and C-termini (directly or through a linker, using protein or recombinant DNA methodologies) to form a circular molecule, and then cutting (opening) the circular molecule at a different location to form a new linear protein, or cognate nucleic acid molecule, with termini different from the termini in the original molecule. Circular permutation thus preserves the sequence, structure, and function of a protein, while generating new C- and N-termini at different locations that results in an improved orientation for fusing a desired polypeptide fusion partner as compared to the original molecule.
• the term “about” will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art and will vary to some extent on the context in which it is used. As used herein when referring to a measurable value such as an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, the term “about” is meant to encompass variations of up to ⁇ 5%, including ⁇ 5%, ⁇ 1%, and ⁇ 0.1% from the specified value, as such variations are appropriate to perform the disclosed methods.
• the terms “treat,” “treated,” “treating,” or “treatment” include the diminishment or alleviation of at least one symptom associated or caused by the state, disorder or disease being treated.
• the term “effective amount” in the context of the administration of a therapy to a subject refers to the amount of a therapy that achieves a desired prophylactic or therapeutic effect.
• the term “patient,” “individual” or “subject” refers to a human or a non-human mammal.
• Non-human mammals include, for example, livestock and pets, such as ovine, bovine, porcine, canine, feline and murine mammals.
• the subject is a human.
• the instant disclosure provides compositions of polypeptides comprising a circularly permuted interleukin-2 (IL-2) fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain.
• the polypeptides employed in the compositions disclosed herein exhibit preferential binding to the intermediate-affinity IL-2R complex comprising IL-2R and the common gamma chain, IL-2Ry) relative to the high-affinity IL-2R complex (comprising IL-2Ra, IL-2R , and IL-2Ry), and behave as selective agonists of the intermediate-affinity IL-2R complex.
• the design and generation of such polypeptides is described in U.S. Patent No. 9,359,415, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
• the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID. NO: 1.
• the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID. NO: 1.
• amino acid sequence variants of SEQ ID. NO: 1 can also be employed in the compositions disclosed herein.
• the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at least 80 % (e.g., 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, or 99 %) identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID. NO:l.
• the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at least 95 % identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID. NO: 1.
• amino acid sequence of the polypeptides employed in the compositions disclosed herein can be derivatized or modified, e.g., pegylated, ami dated, etc.
• the amount of the polypeptide in a formulation is about 1 mg to about 50 mg (e.g., about 1 mg, about 2 mg, about 3 mg, about 4 mg, about 5 mg, about 6 mg, about 7 mg, about 8 mg, about 9 mg, about 10 mg, about 11 mg, about 12 mg, about 13 mg, about 14 mg, about 15 mg, about 16 mg, about 17 mg, about 18 mg, about 19 mg, about 20 mg, about 25 mg, about 30 mg, about 33 mg, about 40 mg, about 44 mg, about 45 mg, or about 50 mg).
• the amount of the polypeptide is about 2.2 mg.
• the amount of the polypeptide is about 11 mg.
• the amount of the polypeptide is about 33 mg.
• the amount of the polypeptide is about 44 mg.
• the concentration of the polypeptide in an aqueous formulation is about 1 mg/mL to about 50 mg/mL. In certain embodiments, the concentration of the polypeptide is about 1 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL (e.g., about 1 mg/mL, about 2 mg/mL, about 3 mg/mL, about 4 mg/mL, about 5 mg/mL, about 6 mg/mL, about 7 mg/mL, about 8 mg/mL, about 9 mg/mL, about 10 mg/mL, about 11 mg/mL, about 12 mg/mL, about 13 mg/mL, about 14 mg/mL, about 15 mg/mL, about 16 mg/mL, about 17 mg/mL, about 18 mg/mL, about 19 mg/mL, about 20 mg/mL, about 25 mg/mL, about 30 mg/mL, about 35 mg/mL, about 40 mg/mL, about 45 mg/mL, or about 50 mg/mL).
• the concentration of the polypeptide is about 1 mg/mL. In certain embodiments, the concentration of the polypeptide is about 5 mg/mL. In certain embodiments, the concentration of the polypeptide is about 15 mg/mL. In certain embodiments, the concentration of the polypeptide is about 20 mg/mL.
• the aqueous formulation is further diluted with water or a sodium chloride solution, thereby reducing the concentration of the polypeptide in the formulation.
• the aqueous solution comprises about 0.03 mg/mL of the polypeptide to about 0.2 mg/mL of the polypeptide (e.g., about 0.03 mg/mL, about 0.04 mg/mL, about 0.05 mg/mL, about 0.06 mg/mL, about 0.07 mg/mL, about 0.08 mg/mL, about 0.09 mg/mL, about 0.10 mg/mL, about 0.11 mg/mL, about 0.12 mg/mL, about 0.13 mg/mL, about 0.14 mg/mL, about 0.15 mg/mL, about 0.16 mg/mL, about 0.17 mg/mL, about 0.18 mg/mL, about 0.19 mg/mL, or about 0.2 mg/mL).
• the aqueous formulation is further diluted with an aqueous solution comprising about 1% (w/w) of a surfactant.
• the surfactant is polysorbate 20.
• the aqueous solution further comprises about 0.1% (w/w) citric acid monohydrate, 0.2% (w/w) sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, and 98.7% (w/w) water for injection.
• compositions disclosed herein comprise one or more excipients and/or buffers.
• excipient refers to any non-therapeutic agent added to the composition or formulation to provide a desired consistency, viscosity, or stabilizing effect. Suitable excipients for use in the compositions disclosed herein can act, e.g., as viscosity enhancing agents, stabilizers, solubilizing agents, etc.
• the excipient can be ionic or non-ionic. Suitable ionic excipients include salts such as NaCl or amino acid components such as arginine-HCl.
• Suitable non-ionic excipients include sugars, for example, monosaccharides (e.g., fructose, maltose, galactose, glucose, D-mannose, sorbose, etc.); disaccharides (e.g., lactose, sucrose, trehalose, cellobiose, etc.); polysaccharides (e.g., raffmose, melezitose, maltodextrins, dextrans, starches, etc.); and sugar alcohols (e.g., mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, lactitol, xylitol sorbitol (glucitol), etc.).
• monosaccharides e.g., fructose, maltose, galactose, glucose, D-mannose, sorbose, etc.
• disaccharides e.g., lactose, sucrose, tre
• the sugar may be sucrose, trehalose, raffmose, maltose, sorbitol or mannitol. Additionally or alternatively, the sugar may be a sugar alcohol or an amino sugar. In certain embodiments, the sugar is sucrose.
• the amount ofthe excipient (e.g., sucrose) in a formulation is about 1 mg to about 150 mg (e.g., about 1 mg, about 10 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 40 mg, about 50 mg, about 60 mg, about 70 mg, about 80 mg, about 90 mg, about 100 mg, about 110 mg, about 120 mg, about 130 mg, about 140 mg, or about 150 mg).
• the amount of the excipient (e.g., sucrose) in a formulation is about 90 mg to about 130 mg.
• the amount of the excipient (e.g., sucrose) in a formulation is about 99 mg to about 121 mg.
• the amount of the excipient (e.g., sucrose) in a formulation is about 110 mg.
• the concentration of the excipient (e.g., sucrose) in an aqueous formulation is about 1 mg/mL to about 100 mg/mL (e.g., about 1 mg/mL, about 10 mg/mL, about 20 mg/mL, about 30 mg/mL, about 40 mg/mL, about 45 mg/mL, about 50 mg/mL, about 55 mg/mL, about 60 mg/mL, about 70 mg/mL, about 80 mg/mL, about 90 mg/mL, or about 100 mg/mL).
• the concentration of excipient (e.g., sucrose) is about 30 mg/mL to about 70 mg/mL.
• the concentration of excipient is about 45 mg/mL to about 55 mg/mL. In certain embodiments, the concentration of the excipient (e.g., sucrose) is about 50 mg/mL.
• Suitable buffering agents for use in the compositions disclosed herein include organic acid and salts, such as salts of citric acid, ascorbic acid, gluconic acid, carbonic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid or phthalic acid; Tris, tromethamine hydrochloride, or phosphate buffer.
• amino acid components can also be used as buffering agents. Such amino acid component includes glycine, histidine, and methionine.
• the buffer is a citrate buffer.
• citrate buffer refers to a pH buffering system (in aqueous or lyophilized form) that utilizes citrate ions.
• Citrate buffer can be made using any art recognized methods, including, by combining: (i) citric acid, trisodium citrate dihydrate, and citric acid monohydrate; or (ii) citric acid monohydrate, sodium phosphate dibasic, and citric acid. In certain embodiments, citrate buffer is made using sodium citrate dihydrate and citric acid.
• the amount of the buffering agent (e.g., citrate) in the formulation is about lmg to about 10 mg (e.g., about 1 mg, about 2 mg, about 3 mg, about 4 mg, about 5 mg, about 6 mg, about 7 mg, about 8 mg, about 9 mg, about 10 mg).
• the amount of the buffering agent (e.g., citrate) is about 5.9 mg to about 7.2 mg (e.g., about 5.9 mg, about 6.0 mg, about 6.1 mg, about 6.2 mg, about 6.3 mg, about 6.4 mg, about 6.5 mg, about 6.6 mg about, 6.7 mg about 6.8 mg, about 6.9 mg, about 7.0 mg, about 7.1 mg, or about 7.2 mg).
• the amount of the buffering agent e.g., citrate
• the amount of the citrate anion in the buffering agent is about 4.0 mg to about 6.0 mg.
• the amount of the citrate anion in the buffering agent is about 5.0 mg.
• the concentration of the buffering agent (e.g., citrate) in an aqueous formulation disclosed herein is about 1 mM to about 50 mM (e.g., about 1 mM, about 2 mM, about 3 mM, about 4 mM, about 5 mM, about 6 mM, about 7 mM, about 8 mM, about 9 mM, about 10 mM, about 11 mM, about 12 mM, about 13 mM, about 14 mM, about 15 mM, about 16 mM, about 17 mM, about 18 mM, about 19 mM, about 20 mM, about 25 mM, about 30 mM, about 35 mM, about 40 mM, about 45 mM, or about 50 mM).
• the buffering agent e.g., citrate
• the concentration of the buffering agent is about 11 mMto about 13 mM (e.g., about 11.1 mM, 11.2 mM, 11.3 mM, 11.4 mM, 11.5 mM, 11.6 mM, 11.7 mM, 11.8 mM, 11.9 mM, 12.1 mM, 12.2 mM, 12.3 mM, 12.4 mM, 12.5 mM, 12.6 mM, 12.7 mM, 12.8 mM, or 12.9 mM). In certain embodiments, the concentration of the buffering agent (e.g., citrate) is about 12 mM.
• the concentration of the buffering agent is about 11.95 mM.
• the citrate buffer contains 2.03 mg/mL (6.90 mM) sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate and 0.97 mg/mL (5.05 mM) citric acid.
• the compositions disclosed herein have a pH of about 5.0 to about 8.0, of about 5.5 to about 7.5, of about 5.0 to about 7.0, of about 6.0 to about 8.0, or of about 6.0 to about 7.0. In certain embodiments, the compositions have a pH of about 5.5 to about 6.5. In certain embodiments, the compositions have a pH of about 5.8 to about 6.4. In certain embodiments, the compositions have a pH of about 6.1. In certain embodiments, the pH of the composition is adjusted to a pH of about 6.1. In certain embodiment, the pH is adjusted with a base.
• the base is a hydroxide salt, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH).
• the composition is an aqueous composition and the pH of the aqueous composition is adjusted to a pH of about 6.1
• surfactant refers to organic substances having amphipathic structures; i.e., they are composed of groups of opposing solubility tendencies, typically an oil-soluble hydrocarbon chain and a water-soluble ionic group. Surfactants can be classified, depending on the charge of the surface-active moiety, into anionic, cationic and dispersing agents for various pharmaceutical compositions and preparations of biological materials. Suitable surfactants for use in the compositions disclosed herein include non-ionic surfactants, ionic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants.
• Typical surfactants for use with the invention include sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., sorbitan monocaprylate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate), sorbitan trioleate, glycerine fatty acid esters (e.g., glycerine monocaprylate, glycerine monomyristate, glycerine monostearate), polyglycerine fatty acid esters (e.g., decaglyceryl monostearate, decaglyceryl distearate, decaglyceryl monolinoleate), polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate), polyoxyethylene sorbitol
• compositions may include one or more of these surfactants.
• the compositions disclosed herein comprise polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters e.g., polysorbate 20, 40, 60 or 80. In certain embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise polysorbate 20.
• the concentration of the surfactant (e.g., polysorbate 20) in the formulation is about 0.1 mg to about 1 mg (e.g., about 0.1 mg, about 0.15 mg, about 0.2 mg, about 0.25 mg, about 0.3 mg, about 0.35 mg, about 0.4 mg, about 0.45 mg, about 0.5 mg, about 0.55 mg, about 0.6 mg, about 0.65 mg, about 0.7 mg, about 0.75 mg, about 0.8 mg, about 0.85 mg, about 0.9 mg, about 0.95 mg, or about 1 mg).
• the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15 mg to about 0.3 mg (e.g., about 0.16 mg, about 0.17 mg, about 0.18 mg, about 0.19 mg, about 0.21 mg, about 0.22 mg, about 0.23 mg, about 0.24 mg, about 0.26 mg, about 0.27 mg, about 0.28 mg, or about 0.29 mg).
• the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20 mg to about 0.24 mg.
• the concentration of the surfactant (e.g., polysorbate 20) in an aqueous formulation is about 0.22 mg.
• the concentration of the surfactant (e.g., polysorbate 20) in an aqueous formulation is about 0.01 mg/mL to about 1 mg/mL (e.g., about 0.01 mg/mL, about 0.1 mg/mL, about 0.2 mg/mL, about 0.3 mg/mL, about 0.4 mg/mL, about 0.5 mg/mL, about 0.6 mg/mL, about 0.7 mg/mL, about 0.8 mg/mL, about 0.9 mg/mL, or about 1 mg/mL).
• the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05 mg/mL to about 0.15 mg/mL (e.g., about 0.05 mg/mL, about 0.06 mg/mL, about 0.07 mg/mL, or about 0.08 mg/mL about 0.09 mg/mL, about 0.1 mg/mL, about 0.11 mg/mL, about 0.12 mg/mL, about 0.13 mg/mL, about 0.14 mg/mL, or about 0.15 mg/mL,).
• the concentration of the surfactant (e.g., polysorbate 20) is about 0.09 mg/mL to about 0.11 mg/mL.
• the concentration of the surfactant (e.g., polysorbate 20) in an aqueous formulation is about 0.1 mg/mL.
• compositions and compositions of the present invention may be described by units other than mg/mL.
• the components of the compositions and compositions of the present invention may be described in units of molarity.
• the components of the compositions and compositions of the present invention may be further described in units of weight or mass percent.
• Lyophilization generally includes three main stages: freezing, primary drying and secondary drying. Freezing is necessary to convert water to ice or some amorphous formulation components to the crystalline form.
• Primary drying is the process step when ice is removed from the frozen product by direct sublimation at low pressure and temperature.
• Secondary drying is the process step when bounded water is removed from the product matrix utilizing the diffusion of residual water to the evaporation surface. Product temperature during secondary drying is normally higher than during primary drying. See, Tang X. et al.
• lyophilized compositions disclosed herein contain a particular combination of constituents allow for stable long-term storage of the polypeptides disclosed herein that comprise a circularly permuted interleukin-2 (IL- 2) fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain
• IL- 2 circularly permuted interleukin-2
• the disclosure provides a lyophilized composition made by lyophilizing any one of the aqueous compositions disclosed herein that comprise a circularly permuted interleukin-2 (IL-2) fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain.
• the lyophilized composition is a lyophilized cake.
• the lyophilized composition is made by lyophilizing any one of the aqueous compositions disclosed herein following the lyophilization protocol recited in Table 2, Table 3, or Table 4.
• the disclosure provides a method of making a lyophilized composition, the method comprising lyophilizing any one of the aqueous compositions disclosed herein that comprise a circularly permuted interleukin-2 (IL-2) fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain.
• the method of making a lyophilized composition comprises following the lyophilization protocol recited in Table 2, Table 3, or Table 4.
• the disclosure provides a method of making an aqueous composition, the method comprising dissolving in an aqueous solvent any one of the lyophilized compositions disclosed herein that comprise a circularly permuted interleukin- 2 (IL-2) fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain.
• the lyophilized composition is a lyophilized cake.
• the lyophilized composition is dissolved in 2.2ml of water.
• the lyophilized composition is dissolved in a sodium chloride solution.
• the sodium chloride solution comprises about 0.1% NaCl to about 0.5% NaCl.
• the sodium chloride solution comprises about 0.12% NaCl to about 0.41% NaCl.
• the sodium chloride solution comprises about 0.10%,
• the sodium chloride solution comprises about 0.02 M NaCl to about 0.07 M NaCl. In certain embodiments, the sodium chloride solution comprises about 0.02 M, 0.03 M, 0.04 M, 0.05 M, 0.06 M, or 0.07 M NaCl. In certain embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises an osmolality of about 240 to about 340 mOsm/kg when dissolved in a sodium chloride solution. In certain embodiments, the aqueous composition dissolved in a sodium chloride solution may be administered to a patient via subcutaneous administration.
• compositions disclosed herein are particularly useful for the treatment, prevention, or amelioration of any disease or disorder associated with Interleukin 2 receptor signaling.
• NK cells natural killer cells
• a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any one of the compositions disclosed herein that comprise a circularly permuted IL-2 fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain.
• Cancers suitable for treatment using the composition disclosed herein include renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer.
• the cancer comprises a refractory solid tumor.
• the composition is administered intravenously.
• the composition is administered intravenously at a dose of about 1 pg/kg to about 15 pg/kg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered intravenously at a dose of about 1 pg/kg, about 2 pg/kg, about 3 pg/kg, about 4 pg/kg, about 5 pg/kg, about 6 pg/kg, about 7 pg/kg, about 8 pg/kg, about 9 pg/kg, about 10 pg/kg, about 11 pg/kg, about 12 pg/kg, about 13 pg/kg, about 14 pg/kg, or about 15 rig/kg.
• the composition is administered intravenously each day for five consecutive days.
• the composition is administered intravenously each day for five consecutive days, followed by nine consecutive days without intravenous administration of the composition.
• the composition is administered intravenously each day for five consecutive days, followed by sixteen consecutive days without intravenous administration of the composition.
• the composition is administered with 1) a first cycle comprising intravenous administration of the composition each day for five consecutive days, followed by nine consecutive days without intravenous administration of the composition; and 2) a second cycle comprising intravenous administration of the composition each day for five consecutive days, followed by sixteen consecutive days without intravenous administration of the composition.
• the method comprises at least one additional cycle of administration, wherein each additional cycle comprises intravenous administration of the composition each day for five consecutive days, followed by sixteen consecutive days without intravenous administration of the composition.
• the composition is administered subcutaneously.
• the method comprises subcutaneous administration of the aqueous composition described above comprising an osmolality of about 240 to about 340 mOsm/kg.
• the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 1 mg to about 15 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 1 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 2 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 3 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 4 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 5 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 6 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 7 mg.
• the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 8 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 9 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 10 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 11 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 12 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 13 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 14 mg. In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 15 mg. [0104] In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously once a week (Q1W), once every two weeks (Q2W), or once every three weeks (Q3W).
• the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 1 mg to about 15 mg once a week (Q1W), once every two weeks (Q2W), or once every three weeks (Q3W).
• the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 3 mg once a week (Q1W). In certain embodiments, the composition is administered subcutaneously at a dose of about 6 mg once every three weeks (Q3W).
• the melanoma is one or both of mucosal melanoma or advanced cutaneous melanoma.
• Polypeptide A a circularly permuted IL-2 fused to the extracellular portion of an IL-2Ra chain comprising the amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 1
• Table 1 recites the specific components and their concentrations for each formulation tested. The different compositions were subjected to one of the lyophilization cycle protocols recited in tables 2-4 below.
• Resistance was measured on approximately 1.8 mL of sample in a 20 mm glass sample tube using a 0 to 20 megaohm resistance instrument and a ceramic resistance probe consisting of two parallel gold strips on a ceramic plate. Temperature was measured using a 32-gauge type-T thermocouple located at the ceramic probe on the opposite side of the gold plates. The measurement and recording instruments were calibrated across the temperature range used for analysis using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable reference standards. Accuracy of the system was verified using a standard reference solution.
• NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
• the material was cooled and warmed at an average controlled rate of 0.5 °C per minute to assess its thermal characteristics in order to establish a material-specific phase transition.
• the resistance sample was analyzed at atmospheric conditions. A deviation in resistance was used to determine an onset of the phase transition upon warming. Temperature measurements were recorded every ten seconds during the entire analysis using a Kaye Validator instrument with the Collect program.
• LT DSC Low temperature differential scanning calorimetry
• LT DSC analysis followed the current USP ⁇ 891> and was performed using a TA Instruments Q200 DSC.
• the TA Instruments Q200 DSC was operated with a Refrigerated Cooling System. Test parameters were implemented using TA Advantage software (v5.0.4).
• the scan data was recorded and graphed using the TA Universal Analysis software (v4.5A).
• a sample size of 19.4 mg of solution was placed in an aluminum sample pan with a lid crimped in place. Nitrogen, NF, was used to purge the sample continuously at a flow rate of 50 ml/minute.
• the instrument was calibrated per Lyophilization Technology, Inc.’s calibration program.
• evolution or uptake of heat for the sample reflects the differences in energy as the sample undergoes a thermal event. This difference in heat energy is recorded for analysis of the results.
• formulation 4 led to a lyophilized cake with a uniform appearance that remained intact upon inversion and jarring, minimal residual material adhered to the sides and bottom of the vial upon lyophilization, and had the highest glass transition property.
• the results for formulation 4 were superior to all other formulations tested. Furthermore, the other tested formulations failed to yield a stable lyophilization cycle for producing the lyophilized Polypeptide A composition.
• cIEF was used to measure the presence of charge variants in the tested formulations.
• the drug product sample was prepared by reconstituting the sample in 2.2 mL water for injection (WFI). The sample was visually inspected to ensure that contents were free of visible particulates.
• the calculated volume of reagents was added to an appropriate size tube and vortexed to mix.
• the blank was prepared by transferring 158 pL of the master mix to a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube and 242 pL of WFI was added to the tube and vortexed gently to mix.
• the Polypeptide A reference standard was prepared in the same manner as the blank.
• the sample was prepared by transferring 79 pL of the master mix to a 1.5 mL tube for each sample and 121 pL of sample was added to the tube and vortexed gently to mix.
• the injection sequence and the analytical conditions used are set forth in Tables 6 and 7, respectively. For analysis, all peaks between the pi markers are integrated. Results were calculated by reporting the pi and area% of all peaks > 0.05%.
• Polypeptide A The activity of Polypeptide A in each formulation was assessed by measuring binding of the formulations to HH cells (a human T lymphocyte cell line which have the bgIE2 receptor isoform present on their surface). Polypeptide A binding was measured by determining the amount of phosphorylated STAT5 (phospho-STAT5 or pSTAT5) present in the HH cells after contact with each formulation, using an ELISA assay.
• the Invitrogen InstantOne ELISA phosphor-STAT5 alpha/beta (pTyr694/pTyr699) kit was used to perform the ELISA assay.
• the drug product sample was prepared by reconstituting the sample in 2.2 mL WFI. The sample was visually inspected to ensure that contents were free of visible particulates.
• a sample diluent was prepared by adding 25 mL of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) to 500 mL of Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) for a final concentration of 5% FBS and warmed to 37°C.
• FBS Fetal Bovine Serum
• HBSS Hanks Balanced Salt Solution
• a wash buffer comprising Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) with 0.05% Tween 20 was used.
• Samples and standards were diluted to final protein concentrations in the assay of 750 ng/mL, 250 ng/mL, 83 ng/mL, 28 ng/mL, 9.3 ng/mL, 3.1 ng/mL, 1.0 ng/mL, and 0.3 ng/mL.
• a stock solution of HH cells at a density of approximately 1.2 x 10 6 cells/mL was prepared and 50 pi of the cell stock solution was added to each well of a 96-well plate that contained the diluted sample or standard. The cells were incubated at 37 °C for 30 minutes. After incubation, the cells were lysed in a cell lysis buffer for 10 minutes.
• lysis After lysis, 50 m ⁇ of the lysed cell mix was transferred to an ELISA plate followed by 50 m ⁇ of phospho-STAT5 A/B antibody cocktail. The mix was then incubated for 1 hour then washed 3 times with wash buffer. 100 m ⁇ of a detection reagent was then added to each well and the plate was incubated for 15 minutes. 100 m ⁇ of a stop solution was then added to each well and the plate was read at 450 nm on a microplate reader.
• Polypeptide A (initially at 11.6 mg/mL in PBS buffer) was dialyzed into one of five buffers at pH 6.0, 10 mM histidine, 10 mM citrate, 100 mM citrate, 10 mM phosphate, or 10 mM succinate. Dialysis was performed in Slide- A-Lyzer cassettes with a 10,000 Da molecular weight cutoff and a 3 mL capacity, at 4 °C, and at a ratio of 1:500+ dialysate volume to buffer volume, with 2 buffer changes at 4+ hour intervals, and incubation overnight before dialysate recovery. The dialysate was diluted to 1.0 mg/mL Polypeptide A with filtered (0.2 pm) dialysis buffer.
• DSC experiments were performed in triplicate on all samples at an Polypeptide A concentration of 1 mg/mL, using a MicroCal capillary differential scanning calorimeter equipped with an autosampler. Samples were heated from 10 to 90 °C at a rate of 60 °C/hour and thermograms were recorded. The sample and reference cells were washed between each injection. Data were analyzed using the MicroCal analysis package add-on in Origin 7, and interpolated to the same x-axis values so that averaging could be performed.
• FIG. 4 shows the Tm values of the thermograms as a function of buffer composition.
• the Tm value of 10 mM citrate was the highest of all samples and the 10 mM histidine buffer had a relatively lower Tm value.
• OD350 time course (kinetic) assays were performed in triplicate on a Cary 100 UV -Visible spectrophotometer using a volume of 260 pL of protein solution per cuvette. The optical density at 350 nm was measured every five minutes with an averaging time of two seconds, while the temperature was held at a constant value of 72 °C. All data were imported into Origin lab and interpolated to the same x-axis values so that averaging could be performed
• OD350 values were collected in triplicate for Polypeptide A samples every five minutes for eight hours at a constant temperature of 72 °C.
• Figure 5 shows average OD350 values after 8 hours. After 8 hours at 72 °C, samples containing citrate buffers had the lowest OD350 value.
• Subvisible particles in the range of 2 to 70 pm were examined using a MFI DPA- 4200 (Protein Simple, Santa Clara, CA) system with a 100 pm silane coated flow cell.
• the instrument was calibrated using 10 pm polystyrene particle standards (Duke) prior to measurements. Measurements were made in triplicate at ambient temperature for all samples. The cell was flushed with particle free water and Illumination was optimized using particle free water prior to all measurements.
• the samples were carefully drawn up in a low protein binding, fdter-tip pipette (Neptune Scientific) and analyzed using a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The purge volume for each measurement was 0.4 mL, and 0.6 mL of sample was analyzed.
• Samples of Polypeptide A in 10 mM histidine had the lowest thermal stability, highest initial OD350 with time at 72 °C, and the highest total subvisible particle concentration after 3 days of shake-stress.
• Samples in citrate buffer had the lowest OD350 with time at 72 °C, the lowest total particle concentration after 3 days of shake stress, and among the highest thermal stability of samples in DSC data.

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