WO2021227365A1 - 防冻保护方法、防冻保护系统以及水系统热泵机组 - Google Patents

防冻保护方法、防冻保护系统以及水系统热泵机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021227365A1
WO2021227365A1 PCT/CN2020/122389 CN2020122389W WO2021227365A1 WO 2021227365 A1 WO2021227365 A1 WO 2021227365A1 CN 2020122389 W CN2020122389 W CN 2020122389W WO 2021227365 A1 WO2021227365 A1 WO 2021227365A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat pump
pump unit
water
water system
antifreeze
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PCT/CN2020/122389
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗亚军
谢江
杨继坤
黄晓东
Original Assignee
艾默生环境优化技术(苏州)有限公司
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Publication of WO2021227365A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021227365A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/38—Failure diagnosis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0003—Exclusively-fluid systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/04—Preventing the formation of frost or condensate

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an antifreeze protection method for a water system heat pump unit, an antifreeze protection system, and a water system heat pump unit with the antifreeze protection system.
  • the water system heat pump unit is a system that realizes temperature control by supplying cold water or hot water to the user side. Specifically, the water system heat pump unit first uses the refrigerant to heat or cool the water through the plate heat exchanger, and then uses the water pump to send the cold water or hot water to the user's air conditioning or floor heating system through the water pipe, so as to achieve cooling or heating. Purpose. At present, almost all water system heat pump units on the market are installed outdoors. In this case, in winter, when the ambient temperature is below zero, the water in the unit will freeze, and there is a risk of freezing the water-side heat exchanger. Once the heat exchanger is damaged, causing damage and leakage of the water system, the entire system will not work. In this context, the antifreeze control of the unit and the reliability of the control will be very important.
  • the general anti-freeze protection method is divided into two kinds of anti-freeze protection in summer cooling time and winter standby time.
  • Summer cooling and antifreeze generally occur during summer cooling operation.
  • the compressor When the system detects that the water temperature is too low and there is a risk of freezing, the compressor will stop and the system will no longer cool the water for protection.
  • the standby antifreeze in winter is in the standby state, when the ambient temperature is below zero, the water system pump starts to run or automatically starts heating operation to increase the water temperature, thereby entering the antifreeze protection.
  • the water system heat pump unit does not need anti-freezing protection during heating operation in winter. Because the water system side is at the high temperature side during heating operation, the water temperature during normal heating operation is higher than the freezing point and the ambient temperature, so there is no risk of freezing. Therefore, most antifreeze protection controls will not consider antifreeze protection during heating operation.
  • the present disclosure aims to provide a new and efficient antifreeze protection method for water system heat pump units .
  • the present disclosure also aims to provide an antifreeze protection system for implementing the above described antifreeze protection method and a water system heat pump unit having such an antifreeze protection system.
  • the antifreeze protection method of the water system heat pump unit includes a working mode determination step.
  • the work mode determination step it is determined whether the work mode of the water system heat pump unit is the cooling work mode or the heating work mode. If it is determined that the work mode of the water system heat pump unit is the cooling work mode, the refrigeration antifreeze protection is performed; if it is determined that the water system When the working mode of the heat pump unit is heating working mode, the heating and antifreeze protection is implemented.
  • the heating antifreeze protection includes a defrosting determination step.
  • the heating operation antifreeze protection includes: a temperature detection step. In the temperature detection step, the water inlet temperature and the outlet water temperature of the heat exchanger for heat exchange between the refrigerant of the water system heat pump unit and the water are detected; the temperature determination step: In the temperature determination step, it is determined whether the water temperature is higher than the inlet water temperature. If it is, it is determined that the water system heat pump unit is working normally and continues the heating mode. If not, it is determined that the water system heat pump unit is abnormal and the water system heat pump is activated. The unit stops running and sends out an alarm signal.
  • the heating operation antifreeze protection also includes: restart step: after the water system heat pump unit stops running for a preset time, restart the heating work mode of the water system heat pump unit and execute the heating antifreeze protection; lock the machine step: if the execution is repeated continuously If the restart steps exceed the predetermined number of times, the water system heat pump unit will be locked and the restart steps will not be executed.
  • the defrosting and antifreeze protection includes the following steps: detecting the outlet water temperature; judging whether the water temperature is lower than the water temperature limit value; if not, continue to run the defrosting work, if yes, stop the water system heat pump unit and issue an alarm Signal.
  • the antifreeze protection system of the water system heat pump unit includes: a temperature detection device for detecting the water temperature of the water circulating in the water system heat pump unit; a main controller, the main controller and the temperature detection device are in electrical communication
  • the shutdown device, the main controller and the shutdown device are connected by electrical communication, and the shutdown device shuts down the water system heat pump unit according to the instructions of the main controller; the alarm device, the main controller and the alarm device are connected by electrical communication,
  • the alarm device sends out an alarm signal according to the command of the main controller.
  • the main controller is structured to include: a refrigeration and antifreeze control module.
  • the refrigeration antifreeze control module performs the cooling and antifreeze protection; the heating antifreeze control module is in the heating mode of the water system heat pump unit Under the heating and antifreeze control module, the heating and antifreeze protection is executed.
  • the heating and antifreeze control module includes a heating operation antifreeze control module and a defrost and antifreeze control module.
  • the heating antifreeze control module first determines whether the water system heat pump unit is running defrosting work, if not, the heating operation antifreeze control module performs heating operation antifreeze protection; if yes , The defrost and antifreeze control module implements the defrost and antifreeze protection.
  • the heating operation antifreeze control module it is judged whether the water outlet temperature of the heat exchanger for heat exchange between the refrigerant of the water system heat pump unit and the water is higher than the inlet water temperature, and if so, the water system heat pump unit is made Continue the heating working mode; if not, the shutdown device stops the water system heat pump unit and the alarm device sends out an alarm signal.
  • the defrost and antifreeze control module it is judged whether the water temperature is lower than the water temperature limit value, if not, the defrosting work will continue; if it is, the water system heat pump unit will be stopped through the shutdown device and an alarm signal will be issued through the alarm device .
  • the antifreeze protection system also includes a locking device. If the number of times that the water system heat pump unit stops running and sends out an alarm signal exceeds the predetermined number of repeated executions, the water system heat pump unit will be locked by the lock device and the alarm device will send a lock signal.
  • the water system heat pump unit according to the present disclosure includes the aforementioned antifreeze protection system.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a connection pipeline of an exemplary water system heat pump unit according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the main controller of the water system heat pump unit and other devices of the heat pump unit according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is a control flow chart of the antifreeze protection method according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 1 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a connecting pipeline of a water system heat pump unit according to the present disclosure.
  • the water system heat pump unit according to the present disclosure is divided into a refrigerant side A, a water side B, and a user side C.
  • the refrigerant stored in the refrigerant tank 21 is sent to the compressor 22 through the refrigerant pipe, and the compressor 22 compresses the refrigerant and outputs high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is sent to the four-way valve 23.
  • the four-way valve 23 determines whether to send the refrigerant to the outdoor heat exchanger 24 or to the heat exchanger for heat exchange between the refrigerant and water by switching the different outlets and inlets of the refrigerant.
  • the heat exchanger for heat exchange is a plate heat exchanger 14. In the cooling mode of the water system heat pump unit, the refrigerant is first delivered to the outdoor heat exchanger 24 (acting as a condenser), and then the refrigerant is delivered to the plate heat exchanger 14. At the plate heat exchanger 14, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the water circulating in the water side B to cool the water, thereby realizing cooling on the user side.
  • the high-temperature refrigerant flowing out of the four-way valve 23 is sent to the plate heat exchanger 14.
  • the refrigerant heats the water circulating in the water side B, thereby realizing heating on the user side.
  • a water inlet 17, a water pump 11, a water inlet temperature sensor 12, a pressure relief valve 13, a plate heat exchanger 14, a water outlet temperature sensor 15, a water flow switch 16, and a water outlet 18 are sequentially arranged along the direction of water flow. .
  • the water inlet 17 and the water outlet 18 are connected to the terminal equipment on the user side C.
  • the water pump 11 is used to pump water to circulate in various water flow lines on the user side.
  • the water inlet temperature sensor 12 is used to detect the inlet temperature of the water before entering the plate heat exchanger 14.
  • the pressure relief valve 13 plays a protective role to prevent the water pressure in the water flow pipeline from being too high.
  • the water outlet temperature sensor 15 is used to detect the water outlet temperature of the water flowing out of the plate heat exchanger 14 after the heat exchange has been completed.
  • the water flow switch 16 is used to detect the water flow in the water flow pipeline of the water side B, and send an alarm signal when the water flow in the water flow pipeline is too low to remind the user to add water to the water flow pipeline.
  • the general water system heat pump unit has an antifreeze protection system. Because water system heat pump units generally operate in heating mode in winter, because the water side is at the high temperature side during heating operation, the water temperature is higher than the freezing point and ambient temperature during normal heating operation, and there is no risk of freezing, so it is not Set up antifreeze protection control for heating operation.
  • the control system shows that the heat pump unit is performing heating mode, it actually cools The refrigerant circulates on the refrigerant side in the cooling mode. At this time, the water circulating on the water side is cooled rather than heated, so the water on the water side is at risk of freezing.
  • the control system since the signal received by the control system is that the water system heat pump unit is running in heating mode, the control system will not activate the antifreeze protection. Therefore, there is a risk that ice formation in the heat pump unit cannot be detected in time.
  • a new type of antifreeze protection system is installed in the water system heat pump unit according to the present disclosure.
  • This new type of antifreeze protection system can provide antifreeze protection for both the heating mode and the cooling mode of the water system heat pump unit.
  • the antifreeze protection system includes a main controller that performs antifreeze protection control, and a detection device and shutdown device that are connected to the main controller in electrical communication for performing antifreeze protection control.
  • Device, alarm device and lock device As shown in Figure 2, the main controller is connected with the detection device, the shutdown device, the alarm device and the lock device in an electrical communication manner.
  • the main controller is configured to include a refrigeration and antifreeze control module for antifreeze protection for the cooling operation mode of the water system heat pump unit, and a heating antifreeze control module for heating and antifreeze protection for the heating operation mode of the water system heat pump unit.
  • the main controller also includes a counter, which is used to count the number of shutdowns of the heat pump unit within a certain period of time.
  • the detection device includes a temperature detection device arranged in the water system heat pump unit. Specifically, the temperature detection device includes a water inlet temperature sensor 12 for detecting the inlet water temperature of the plate heat exchanger 14 and a water outlet temperature sensor 15 for detecting the outlet water temperature of the plate heat exchanger 14. The water inlet temperature sensor 12 and the water outlet temperature sensor 15 detected the incoming water temperature and the outgoing water temperature signals will be transmitted to the main controller.
  • the shutdown device can accept instructions from the main controller to shut down the water system heat pump unit.
  • the alarm device can send out an alarm signal according to the command of the main controller.
  • the lock device can lock the water system heat pump unit according to the command of the main controller and the alarm device sends a lock signal.
  • the "locking machine” here means that the water system heat pump unit cannot be automatically restarted, nor can it be turned on manually by pressing the line controller connected to the main controller. It can only be powered off by the entire water system heat pump unit. Power on, and then turn it on manually by pressing the wire controller.
  • the heating and antifreeze protection according to the present disclosure also takes into account the situation of defrosting. It should be noted that during the defrosting work, the water system heat pump unit performs cooling operation, then the water temperature on the water side will decrease, so there is a risk of water freezing. In order to eliminate the risk of water freezing during defrosting, the heating and antifreeze protection according to the present disclosure further includes a defrost and antifreeze control module.
  • a defrost and antifreeze control module When performing antifreeze protection for the defrosting operation, the temperature of the outlet water on the heat exchanger side during the defrosting operation is detected. If the detected outlet water temperature is lower than a certain water temperature limit value, the defrost and antifreeze control module will stop the compressor and send an alarm signal. After waiting for a period of time, restart the heating mode of the water system heat pump unit.
  • the main controller After starting the antifreeze protection system, first execute the work mode determination step, that is, the main controller first determines whether the water system heat pump unit is in the cooling work mode or the heating work mode. If it is determined that the water system heat pump unit is in the cooling mode, the cooling and antifreeze control module will perform the cooling and antifreeze protection. If it is determined that the water system heat pump unit is in the heating mode, the heating and antifreeze control module will perform the heating and antifreeze protection.
  • the heating antifreeze control module performs heating and antifreeze protection.
  • Heating antifreeze protection includes heating operation antifreeze protection and defrost antifreeze protection.
  • the heating and antifreeze protection first executes the defrosting determination step. In the defrost determination step, determine whether the water system heat pump unit is running defrosting work, if it is determined that the water system heat pump unit is not running defrosting work, the heating operation antifreeze protection is executed; if it is determined that the water system heat pump unit is running defrosting work , Then perform defrost and antifreeze protection.
  • the heating operation antifreeze protection includes the following steps:
  • Temperature detection step refers to detecting the temperature of water flowing in the water flow pipe on the water side of the water system heat pump unit, and detecting the heat exchange of the inflow refrigerant and water for heat exchange through the water inlet temperature sensor 12
  • the inlet temperature of the water in the heat exchanger, and the outlet temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the water flowing out of the heat exchanger.
  • Temperature determination step Determine whether the water temperature is higher than the inlet water temperature. If the outlet water temperature is higher than the inlet water temperature, it is determined that the water system heat pump unit is performing normal heating operation. Therefore, the water system heat pump unit continues to operate normally, and the alarm device does not send out any alarm signal. If the outlet water temperature is not higher than the inlet water temperature, it is determined that the water system heat pump unit is operating abnormally, and the water system heat pump unit is stopped through the shutdown device, that is, it stops, and an alarm signal is issued through the alarm device.
  • Antifreeze protection for heating operation can also include:
  • (4) Locking step After stopping the water system heat pump unit, the value of the counter is increased by one. If the number of times of repeated execution of the shutdown step exceeds the predetermined number of times, that is, the value of the counter exceeds the predetermined value, it is locked by the locking device The water system heat pump unit will no longer perform the restart procedure. And send out the lock signal through the alarm device.
  • the predetermined number of times can be, for example, 3 times.
  • the abnormal operation of the above-mentioned water system heat pump unit may be caused by, for example, the failure of the four-way valve in the water system heat pump unit after being powered on. That is, although the main controller instructs the water system heat pump unit to perform the heating operation mode, the four-way valve does not correctly connect the inlet and outlet in the heating operation mode, resulting in the wrong flow direction of the refrigerant, making the refrigerant perform the cooling operation mode ⁇ cyclical flow. Therefore, the temperature of the outlet water of the heat exchanger is not higher than the temperature of the inlet water.
  • the main controller can detect the abnormality of the four-way valve and notify the user in time. The user can repair the water system heat pump unit in time, avoiding the water system heat pump unit caused by the user’s failure The side heat exchanger is frozen out, so that the user's loss is reduced to a minimum.
  • the heating and antifreeze protection according to the present disclosure further includes a defrost and antifreeze control module.
  • the defrost and antifreeze protection includes the following steps:
  • Defrost temperature detection step Detect the water outlet temperature of the water flowing out of the heat exchanger in the heat pump unit of the water system.
  • Defrosting water temperature determination step determine whether the water temperature is lower than the water temperature limit value, if the outlet water temperature is not lower than the water temperature limit value, continue to run the defrosting work; if the outlet water temperature is lower than the water temperature limit value, the water system heat pump The unit stops running and sends out an alarm signal.
  • Fig. 3 shows the overall working process of the heating and antifreeze protection system according to the present disclosure.
  • the overall working process of the heating and antifreeze protection system is:
  • a temperature detection device can be provided at the coil of the outdoor heat exchanger of the water system heat pump unit, such as the temperature sensor 27 and the ambient temperature sensor 28 of the outdoor heat exchanger, so as to detect the coil of the outdoor heat exchanger respectively. Temperature and outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the temperature of the coil of the outdoor heat exchanger represents the temperature of the refrigerant flowing there. Judge whether the four-way valve is working normally by comparing the temperature of the coil of the outdoor heat exchanger with the outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the temperature detection step (1) of the above heating operation antifreeze protection can be replaced with the following temperature detection step (1'): the temperature detection devices 27 and 28 detect the temperature of the coil of the outdoor heat exchanger and the outdoor ambient temperature
  • the above (2) temperature determination step can be replaced by the temperature determination step (2'): If the outdoor heat exchanger coil temperature is lower than the ambient temperature, it is determined that the water system heat pump unit is operating normally; if the outdoor heat exchanger coil If the temperature of the pipe is not lower than the ambient temperature, the water system heat pump unit is stopped and an alarm message is issued.
  • the other steps are the same as the steps when the water inlet temperature and the outlet water temperature of the heat exchanger are used as the judging criteria, and will not be repeated here.
  • the antifreeze control system can not only perform antifreeze protection for the cooling mode and heating mode of the heat pump unit, but also perform antifreeze protection for the defrosting work of the heat pump unit, so that the antifreeze protection of the heat pump unit is more comprehensive and can be discovered in time
  • the failure of the four-way valve of the heat pump unit avoids the damage to the heat exchanger and other components caused by the ice on the water side when the four-way valve fails, so that the user's loss is reduced.
  • the antifreeze protection system according to the present disclosure can judge whether there is a risk of icing in the system only by comparing the water temperature or the temperature of the refrigerant. Therefore, the antifreeze protection system has a fast response speed.

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Abstract

本公开涉及用于水系统热泵机组的防冻保护方法、防冻保护系统和水系统热泵机组。所述防冻保护方法包括如下步骤：判定热泵机组的工作模式是制冷工作模式还是制热工作模式，如果判定热泵机组的工作模式是制冷工作模式则执行制冷防冻保护，如果判定热泵机组的工作模式是制热工作模式则执行制热防冻保护。其中，所述制热防冻保护包括制热运行防冻保护和除霜防冻保护。在制热运行防冻保护时，如果检测到热交换器的出水温度不高于进水温度，则使热泵机组停止运行并发出报警信号。在除霜防冻保护中，如果出水温度低于水温限定值，则停机运行并发报警信号。因此，既能够实现制冷、制热工作模式下的防冻保护，又能够实现除霜工作时的防冻保护。

Description

防冻保护方法、防冻保护系统以及水系统热泵机组
本申请要求以下中国专利申请的优先权：于2020年05月09日提交中国专利局的申请号为202010386253.2、发明创造名称为“防冻保护方法、防冻保护系统以及水系统热泵机组”的中国专利申请。上述专利申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种水系统热泵机组的防冻保护方法、防冻保护系统以及具有这种防冻保护系统的水系统热泵机组。
背景技术
本部分的内容仅提供了与本公开相关的背景信息，其不一定是现有技术。
水系统热泵机组是一种通过向用户侧供应冷水或者热水而实现温度控制的系统。具体地，水系统热泵机组首先利用制冷剂通过板式热交换器对水进行加热或者降温，然后使用水泵通过水管将冷水或者热水送入用户的空调或者地暖系统中，从而达到制冷或者制热的目地。目前，市面上的水系统热泵机组几乎都是安装在户外的。在这种情况下，在冬季的时候，当环境温度低于零度时，机组中的水就会结冰，进而有冻坏水侧热交换器的风险。一旦热交换器损坏，造成水系统的损坏和泄漏后，整个系统将无法工作。在这样的背景下，机组的防冻控制以及控制的可靠性将非常重要。
一般的防冻保护方式分为夏季制冷时候/冬季待机时候两种情况下的防冻保护。夏季制冷防冻一般发生在夏季制冷运行的时候，当系统检测到水温过低有结冰风险时，压缩机将停机，系统不再给水降温从而进行保护。冬季时的待机防冻是在待机状态下，当环境温度低于零度时，水系统水泵开始运行或者自动开启制热运行使水温升高，从而进入防冻保护。
大多情况下，水系统热泵机组在冬季制热运行时不需要防冻保护。因为制热运行时水系统侧处于高温侧，正常制热运行时水温高于冰点和环境温度，不存在结冰的风险。因此大多数防冻保护控制不会考虑制热运行时 的防冻保护。
然而事实上，在水系统热泵机组的运行过程中，如果系统中存在故障，例如在制冷剂侧的四通阀之类的部件损坏或换向失败时，当系统中水量特别少时以及例如自动除霜时，水系统仍然会有结冰的可能。这也是大多防冻保护方案忽略的地方。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中对系统中四通阀存在故障的情况下以及自动除霜过程中不具有防冻保护控制的缺陷，本公开旨在提供一种新型的高效的水系统热泵机组的防冻保护方法。本公开还旨在提供用于执行上述防冻保护方法的防冻保护系统以及具有这种防冻保护系统的水系统热泵机组。
具体地，根据本公开的水系统热泵机组的防冻保护方法包括工作模式判定步骤。在工作模式判定步骤中，判定水系统热泵机组的工作模式是制冷工作模式还是制热工作模式，如果判定水系统热泵机组的工作模式是制冷工作模式则执行制冷防冻保护；如果判定所述水系统热泵机组的工作模式是制热工作模式则执行制热防冻保护。其中，所述制热防冻保护包括除霜判定步骤。在除霜判定步骤中，判定水系统热泵机组是否正在运行除霜工作，如果否，则执行制热运行防冻保护；如果是，则执行除霜防冻保护。其中，制热运行防冻保护包括：温度检测步骤，在温度检测步骤中，检测水系统热泵机组的制冷剂与水进行热交换的热交换器的水的进水温度和出水温度；温度判定步骤：在温度判定步骤中，判断出水温度是否高于进水温度，如果是，则判定水系统热泵机组工作正常并继续制热工作模式，如果否，则判定水系统热泵机组存在异常并且使水系统热泵机组停止运行并发出报警信号。
其中，制热运行防冻保护还包括：重启步骤：水系统热泵机组停止运行预设时间之后，重新启动水系统热泵机组的制热工作模式并执行制热防冻保护；锁机步骤：如果连续重复执行重启步骤超过预定次数，则锁定水系统热泵机组，不再执行重启步骤。
其中，除霜防冻保护包括如下步骤：检测所述出水温度；判断出水温度是否低于水温限定值；如果否，则继续运行除霜工作，如果是，则使水 系统热泵机组停止运行并发出报警信号。
其中，在使水系统热泵机组停止运行预设时间之后，重新启动水系统热泵机组的制热工作模式。
根据本公开的水系统热泵机组的防冻保护系统包括：温度检测装置，温度检测装置用于检测水系统热泵机组中循环的水的水温；主控制器，主控制器与温度检测装置以电通信的方式联接；停机装置，主控制器与停机装置以电通信的方式联接，停机装置根据主控制器的指令使水系统热泵机组停机；报警装置，主控制器与报警装置以电通信的方式联接，报警装置根据主控制器的指令发出报警信号。主控制器构造成包括：制冷防冻控制模块，在水系统热泵机组的制冷工作模式下，则由制冷防冻控制模块执行制冷防冻保护；制热防冻控制模块，在水系统热泵机组的制热工作模式下，则由制热防冻控制模块执行制热防冻保护。其中，制热防冻控制模块包括制热运行防冻控制模块和除霜防冻控制模块。在水系统热泵机组的制热工作模式下，制热防冻控制模块首先判断水系统热泵机组是否正在运行除霜工作，如果否，则由制热运行防冻控制模块执行制热运行防冻保护；如果是，则由除霜防冻控制模块执行除霜防冻保护。其中，在制热运行防冻控制模块，判断水系统热泵机组的制冷剂与水进行热交换的热交换器的水的出水温度是否高于进水温度，如果是，则使所述水系统热泵机组继续所述制热工作模式；如果否，则由停机装置使水系统热泵机组停止运行并由报警装置发出报警信号。
其中，在除霜防冻控制模块，判断出水温度是否低于水温限定值，如果否，则继续运行除霜工作；如果是，则通过停机装置使水系统热泵机组停止运行并通过报警装置发出报警信号。
其中，防冻保护系统还包括锁机装置。如果连续重复执行水系统热泵机组停止运行并发出报警信号的次数超过预定次数，则由锁机装置锁定水系统热泵机组并由报警装置发出锁机信号。
根据本公开的水系统热泵机组包括上述防冻保护系统。
附图说明
本文中所描述的附图仅出于示出示例性实施方式的目的而并非意在限制本公开的范围。
图1是示出了根据本公开的示例性的水系统热泵机组的连接管路的示意图。
图2是根据本公开的水系统热泵机组的主控制器与热泵机组的其他装置的联接示意图。
图3是根据本公开的防冻保护方法的控制流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，具体介绍根据本公开的水系统热泵机组以及水系统热泵机组的防冻保护系统和防冻保护方法。
图1示例性地示出了根据本公开的水系统热泵机组的连接管路的示意图。如图1所示，根据本公开的水系统热泵机组分为制冷剂侧A、水侧B以及用户侧C。在制冷剂侧A，存储于制冷剂槽21的制冷剂通过制冷剂管路被输送至压缩机22，压缩机22对制冷剂进行压缩并且输出高温高压的制冷剂。高温高压的制冷剂被输送至四通阀23。四通阀23通过转换制冷剂的不同的出口和入口来确定先将制冷剂输送至室外热交换器24还是输送至制冷剂和水进行热交换的热交换器，在此，制冷剂和水进行热交换的热交换器为板式热交换器14。在水系统热泵机组的制冷工作模式下，先将制冷剂输送至室外热交换器24(充当冷凝器)，然后将制冷剂输送至板式热交换器14。在板式热交换器14处，制冷剂与在水侧B中循环的水进行热交换，给水降温，从而实现用户侧的制冷。在制热工作模式下，从四通阀23流出的高温的制冷剂被输送至板式热交换器14。在板式热交换器14处，制冷剂对在水侧B中循环的水进行加热，从而实现用户侧的制热。
在水侧B，沿水流动的方向依次设置有进水口17、水泵11、水入口温度传感器12、释压阀13、板式热交换器14、水出口温度传感器15、水流开关16以及出水口18。进水口17和出水口18与用户侧C的终端设备相连。水泵11用于泵送水使其在用户侧的各个水流管路中循环。水入口温度传感器12用于检测进入板式热交换器14之前的水的入水温度。释压阀13 起保护作用，用于防止水流管路中的水压过高。制冷剂和水均流入板式热交换器14并且在板式热交换器14中实现热交换。水出口温度传感器15用于检测完成了热交换的从板式热交换器14流出的水的出水温度。水流开关16用于检测水侧B的水流管路中的水流量，在水流管路中的水流量过低时发出报警信号以提醒用户向水流管路中补水。
如上文所述，当环境温度低于零度时，水系统热泵机组的水侧容易结冰，进而容易冻坏水侧热交换器和水流管路，造成热泵机组漏水。所以一般的水系统热泵机组具有防冻保护系统。由于水系统热泵机组在冬季一般都是以制热工作模式运行，因为制热运行时水侧处于高温侧，正常制热运行时水温高于冰点和环境温度，不存在结冰的风险，因此不设置针对制热运行的防冻保护控制。然而，在热泵机组中存在故障时，例如，在四通阀的上电后失效时，即换向失灵或者换向错误时，虽然控制系统显示热泵机组正在执行制热工作模式，但实际上制冷剂以制冷工作模式在制冷剂侧循环，这时在水侧循环的水是被降温而不是被加热，所以此时水侧的水存在结冰风险。但是，由于控制系统接受的信号是水系统热泵机组以制热工作模式运行，所以控制系统不会启动防冻保护。因此在热泵机组中存在结冰而不能够被及时发现的风险。
为了解决上述这一问题，根据本公开的水系统热泵机组中设置了新型的防冻保护系统。该新型的防冻保护系统能够对水系统热泵机组的制热工作模式以及制冷工作模式都进行防冻保护。
具体地，根据本公开的一种实施方式，防冻保护系统包括执行防冻保护控制的主控制器、以及与主控制器以电通信的方式联接的用于执行防冻保护控制所需的检测装置、停机装置、报警装置和锁机装置。如图2所示，主控制器与检测装置、停机装置、报警装置和锁机装置以电通信的方式联接。该主控制器构造成包括针对水系统热泵机组的制冷工作模式进行防冻保护的制冷防冻控制模块、针对水系统热泵机组的制热工作模式进行制热防冻保护的制热防冻控制模块。该主控制器还包括计数器，该计数器用于计算热泵机组的在一定时间内的停机的次数。检测装置包括设置在水系统热泵机组中的温度检测装置。具体地，温度检测装置包括用于检测板式热交换器14的进水温度的水入口温度传感器12和用于检测板式热交换器14的出水温度的水出口温度传感器15。水入口温度传感器12和水出口温度 传感器15所检测到的进水温度和出水温度的信号将被传送至主控制器。停机装置能够接受主控制器的指令使水系统热泵机组停机。报警装置能够根据主控制器的指令发出报警信号。锁机装置能够根据主控器的指令将水系统热泵机组锁机并且由报警装置发出锁机信号。其中，这里的“锁机”指的是水系统热泵机组不能自动恢复开机，也不能人为通过按压与主控制器相联的线控器开机，只能通过使整个水系统热泵机组断电，再上电，然后人为通过按线控器而开机。
此外，根据本公开的制热防冻保护还考虑到了进行除霜的情况。应当注意的是，在进行除霜工作时，水系统热泵机组执行制冷运行，那么水侧的水温会降低，因此存在水结冰的风险。为了消除除霜工作时水结冰的风险，根据本公开的制热防冻保护还包括除霜防冻控制模块。在对除霜工作进行防冻保护时，对除霜工作时的热交换器侧的出水温度进行检测。如果检测到的出水温度低于某一水温限定值，则除霜防冻控制模块会使压缩机停机并且发出报警信号。等待一段时间之后，重新启动水系统热泵机组的制热工作模式。
下面参见图3具体介绍根据本公开的防冻保护方法的运行步骤。启动防冻保护系统后，首先执行工作模式判定步骤，即：主控制器首先判断水系统热泵机组是处于制冷工作模式还是制热工作模式。如果判定水系统热泵机组处于制冷工作模式，则由制冷防冻控制模块执行制冷防冻保护。如果判定水系统热泵机组处于制热工作模式，则由制热防冻控制模块执行制热防冻保护。
其中，在水系统热泵机组的制热工作模式下，由制热防冻控制模块执行制热防冻保护。制热防冻保护包括制热运行防冻保护和除霜防冻保护。制热防冻保护首先执行除霜判定步骤。在除霜判定步骤中，判断水系统热泵机组是否正在运行除霜工作，如果判定水系统热泵机组没有运行除霜工作，则执行制热运行防冻保护；如果判定水系统热泵机组正在运行除霜工作，则执行除霜防冻保护。
其中，制热运行防冻保护包括如下步骤：
(1)温度检测步骤：这里温度检测是指检测在水系统热泵机组的水侧的水流管路中流动的水的温度，通过水入口温度传感器12检测流入制冷剂 与水进行热交换的热交换器的水的进水温度，并且通过水出口温度传感器15检测流出热交换器的水的出水温度。
(2)温度判定步骤：判断出水温度是否高于进水温度。如果出水温度高于进水温度，则判定水系统热泵机组正在进行正常的制热运行。因此，水系统热泵机组继续正常运行，报警装置不发出任何报警信号。如果出水温度不高于进水温度，则判定水系统热泵机组运行异常，通过停机装置使水系统热泵机组停止运行，即停机，并通过报警装置发出报警信号。
制热运行防冻保护还能够包括：
(3)重启步骤：使水系统热泵机组停止运行预设时间之后，重新启动水系统热泵机组的制热工作模式，并执行制热防冻保护；
(4)锁机步骤：在使水系统热泵机组停止运行后，使计数器的数值加一，如果连续重复执行停机步骤的次数超过预定次数，即，计数器的数值超过预定值，则通过锁定装置锁定水系统热泵机组，不再执行重启步骤。并且经由报警装置发出锁机信号。该预定次数能够是例如3次。
上述水系统热泵机组的异常运行可能由例如水系统热泵机组内的四通阀存在上电后失效的情况。即，虽然主控制器指示水系统热泵机组进行制热工作模式，但是四通阀并没有正确地连通制热工作模式下的出入口，从而导致制冷剂的流向错误，使得制冷剂执行制冷工作模式下的循环流动。所以才导致了热交换器的出水温度不高于进水温度的情况。通过上述制热防冻保护，主控制器能够及时发现四通阀换向异常的情况并通知用户，用户能够及时对水系统热泵机组进行维修，避免了用户发现不及时造成的水系统热泵机组的水侧热交换器冻坏的情况，使用户的损失减小到最小。
此外，如上所述的，根据本公开的制热防冻保护还包括除霜防冻控制模块。具体地，所述的除霜防冻保护包括如下步骤：
(i)除霜温度检测步骤：检测流出水系统热泵机组内的热交换器的水的出水温度。
(ii)除霜水温判定步骤：判断出水温度是否低于水温限定值，如果出水温度不低于水温限定值，则继续运行除霜工作；如果出水温度低于水温 限定值，则使水系统热泵机组停止运行并发出报警信号。
在使水系统热泵机组停止运行并发出报警信息一定时间之后，执行上述(3)重启步骤。
图3示出了根据本公开的制热防冻保护系统的整体工作过程。该制热防冻保护系统整体工作过程为：
首先，判断水系统热泵机组是处于制冷工作模式还是制热工作模式，如果判定水系统热泵机组处于制冷工作模式，则执行制冷防冻保护；如果判定水系统热泵机组处于制热工作模式，则执行制热防冻保护。在判定水系统热泵机组处于制热工作模式之后，判断水系统热泵机组是否正在运行除霜工作，如果没有运行除霜工作，则执行上述制热运行防冻保护。如果水系统热泵机组正在运行除霜工作，则执行上述除霜防冻保护。
此外，根据本公开的另外的实施方式，还可以通过在制冷剂侧流动的制冷剂的温度异常来判定热泵机组的四通阀是否存在故障。具体地，能够在水系统热泵机组的室外热交换器的盘管处设置温度检测装置，例如室外热交换器的温度传感器27和环境温度传感器28，以分别用于检测室外热交换器的盘管的温度和室外的环境温度。在此，室外热交换器的盘管的温度代表了在此处流动的制冷剂的温度。通过比较室外热交换器的盘管的温度与室外的环境温度来判断四通阀的工作是否正常。具体地，上述制热运行防冻保护的(1)温度检测步骤可以替换为如下温度检测步骤(1’)：通过温度检测装置27和28检测室外热交换器的盘管的温度和室外的环境温度；上述(2)温度判定步骤可以替换为判定温度判定步骤(2’)：如果所述室外热交换器盘管温度低于环境温度，则判定水系统热泵机组正常运行；如果室外热交换器盘管温度不低于环境温度，则使水系统热泵机组停止并发出报警信息。其他步骤与使用热交换器的进水温度和出水温度作为判定标准时的步骤相同，在此不再赘述。
根据本公开的防冻控制系统不但能够对热泵机组的制冷模式和制热模式进行防冻保护，而且能够对热泵机组的除霜工作进行防冻保护，使得热泵机组的防冻保护更全面，并且能够及时地发现热泵机组的四通阀故障的情况，避免了四通阀故障时水侧结冰造成热交换器等部件损坏的情况，使得用户的损失减小。根据本公开的防冻保护系统仅通过水温或制冷剂的温 度的比较就能够判断系统内是否存在结冰的风险，因此，防冻保护系统反应速度快。
为了详细地描述本公开而公开了示例性的联接、构型和/或步骤。为了更透彻地对本公开进行说明，提供了对特定细节比如特定部件、步骤和过程的详细描述。然而，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说明显的是，不一定要采用特定细节，这些示例性的联接、构型和/或步骤可以以许多不同形式来实施，并且这些特定细节和示例性步骤不应该被解释为限制本公开的范围。
附图标记
A 制冷剂侧
B 水侧
C 用户侧
11 水泵
12 水入口温度传感器
13 释压阀
14 板式热交换器
15 水出口温度传感器
16 水流开关
17 进水口
18 出水口
21 制冷剂槽
22 压缩机
23 四通阀
24 室外热交换器
27 室外热交换器的温度传感器
28 环境温度传感器

Claims (8)

  1. 一种水系统热泵机组的防冻保护方法，所述防冻保护方法包括如下步骤：
    工作模式判定步骤：判定所述水系统热泵机组的工作模式是制冷工作模式还是制热工作模式，如果判定所述水系统热泵机组的工作模式是制冷工作模式则执行制冷防冻保护；如果判定所述水系统热泵机组的工作模式是制热工作模式则执行制热防冻保护，
    其中，所述制热防冻保护包括如下步骤：
    除霜判定步骤：判断所述水系统热泵机组是否正在运行除霜工作，如果否，则执行制热运行防冻保护；如果是，则执行除霜防冻保护，
    其中，所述制热运行防冻保护包括如下步骤：
    温度检测步骤：检测所述水系统热泵机组的制冷剂与水进行热交换的热交换器的水的进水温度和出水温度；
    温度判定步骤：判断所述出水温度是否高于所述进水温度，如果是，则判定所述水系统热泵机组工作正常并继续所述制热工作模式，如果否，则判定所述水系统热泵机组存在异常并且使所述水系统热泵机组停止运行并发出报警信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防冻保护方法，其中，所述制热运行防冻保护还包括：
    重启步骤：所述水系统热泵机组停止运行预设时间之后，重新启动所述水系统热泵机组的所述制热工作模式并执行所述制热防冻保护；
    锁机步骤：如果连续重复执行所述重启步骤超过预定次数，则锁定所述水系统热泵机组，不再执行所述重启步骤。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防冻保护方法，其中，所述除霜防冻保护包括如下步骤：
    检测所述出水温度；
    判断所述出水温度是否低于水温限定值；如果否，则继续运行所述除霜工作，如果是，则使所述水系统热泵机组停止运行并发出报警信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的防冻保护方法，其中，在使所述水系统热泵机组停止运行预设时间之后，重新启动所述水系统热泵机组的所述制热工作模式。
  5. 一种水系统热泵机组的防冻保护系统，其中，所述防冻保护系统包括：
    温度检测装置，所述温度检测装置用于检测所述水系统热泵机组中循环的水的水温；
    主控制器，所述主控制器与所述温度检测装置以电通信的方式联接；
    停机装置，所述主控制器与所述停机装置以电通信的方式联接，所述停机装置根据所述主控制器的指令使所述水系统热泵机组停机；
    报警装置，所述主控制器与所述报警装置以电通信的方式联接，所述报警装置根据所述主控制器的指令发出报警信号，
    其中，所述主控制器构造成包括：
    制冷防冻控制模块，在水系统热泵机组的制冷工作模式下，则由所述制冷防冻控制模块执行制冷防冻保护；
    制热防冻控制模块，在水系统热泵机组的制热工作模式下，则由所述制热防冻控制模块执行制热防冻保护，
    其中，所述制热防冻控制模块包括制热运行防冻控制模块和除霜防冻控制模块，在所述水系统热泵机组的制热工作模式下，所述制热防冻控制模块首先判断所述水系统热泵机组是否正在运行除霜工作，如果否，则由所述制热运行防冻控制模块执行制热运行防冻保护；如果是，则由所述除霜防冻控制模块执行除霜防冻保护，
    其中，在所述制热运行防冻控制模块，判断所述水系统热泵机组的制冷剂与水进行热交换的热交换器的水的出水温度是否高于进水温度，如果是，则使所述水系统热泵机组继续所述制热工作模式；如果否，则由 所述停机装置使所述水系统热泵机组停止运行并由所述报警装置发出报警信号。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的防冻保护系统，其中，在所述除霜防冻控制模块，判断所述出水温度是否低于水温限定值，如果否，则继续运行所述除霜工作；如果是，则通过所述停机装置使所述水系统热泵机组停止运行并通过所述报警装置发出报警信号。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的防冻保护系统，其中，所述防冻保护系统还包括锁机装置，
    如果连续重复执行所述水系统热泵机组停止运行并发出报警信号的次数超过预定次数，则由所述锁机装置锁定所述水系统热泵机组并由所述报警装置发出锁机信号。
  8. 一种具有根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的防冻保护系统的水系统热泵机组。
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