WO2021223446A1 - 一种塌方段电杆组立装置及施工方法 - Google Patents

一种塌方段电杆组立装置及施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021223446A1
WO2021223446A1 PCT/CN2020/136948 CN2020136948W WO2021223446A1 WO 2021223446 A1 WO2021223446 A1 WO 2021223446A1 CN 2020136948 W CN2020136948 W CN 2020136948W WO 2021223446 A1 WO2021223446 A1 WO 2021223446A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tension
pole
tooth
electric pole
pay
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Application number
PCT/CN2020/136948
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王大伟
冀晓莹
赵刚
齐孟星
徐士彬
邱晓杰
程爽
Original Assignee
中铁九局集团电务工程有限公司
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Application filed by 中铁九局集团电务工程有限公司 filed Critical 中铁九局集团电务工程有限公司
Priority to JP2021575240A priority Critical patent/JP7142983B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2020/136948 priority patent/WO2021223446A1/zh
Priority to CN202080039505.2A priority patent/CN114026302B/zh
Publication of WO2021223446A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021223446A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F19/00—Hoisting, lifting, hauling or pushing, not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/34—Arrangements for erecting or lowering towers, masts, poles, chimney stacks, or the like

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of railway electric power professional construction, and in particular relates to a device for assembling electric poles in a landslide section and a construction method.
  • Existing railway 10kV power supply lines are usually divided into through lines and self-closing lines, which are located on both sides of the railway and are usually laid along the edge of the railway boundary.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for assembling a pole in a collapsed section and a construction method to solve or alleviate the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
  • the invention provides a device for assembling electric poles in a collapsed section, which includes a tension pay-off machine and a winch correspondingly arranged on the ground foundation on both sides of a foundation pit.
  • the tension pay-off machine includes:
  • a traction rope shaft on which a first traction rope is wound.
  • the base of the pay-off machine, the traction rope shaft is installed on the base of the pay-off machine through the rotation of the pay-off machine shaft, and can rotate around the pay-off machine shaft to pay off or take up the first traction rope .
  • the self-locking mechanism is located at the end of the traction rope shaft and can provide constant tension to the rotation of the traction rope shaft.
  • a second traction rope is provided on the winch.
  • the first traction rope and the second traction rope are both fixedly connected to the electric pole, so that the first traction rope is tightened by the traction rope shaft, and the second traction rope is tightened by the winch Rope to adjust the pole in the foundation pit to a vertical state.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a construction method for assembling a landslide section electric pole.
  • the apparatus for assembling a landslide section electric pole according to any one of the above embodiments is adopted, and the construction method includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 excavate the foundation pit, excavate the foundation pit at the point where the pole is established.
  • the cross section of the foundation pit is an isosceles triangle.
  • the two waists are excavated at the ground level, and the angle between the two slopes is not less than the opening angle of the slide plate.
  • Step S2 transport the pole and install the rotating base, hoist the pole from the foundation pit, and install the rotating base at the bottom, first insert the L-shaped folded plate on the upper part of the rotating base into the bottom of the pole, and then connect the rotating base with connecting bolts
  • the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate of the base form a buffer zone between the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate.
  • a slide plate is placed at the top corner of the foundation pit. On the reference point at the bottom of the pit;
  • Step S3 using fixed ground anchors to fix two tension pay-off machines and winches, vertical to the ground with an angle of 120° to each other, and the horizontal angle to the ground is not more than 45°;
  • Step S4 Assemble the electric pole, tie the tension pay-off machine and the traction rope of the winch at a position 2-2.5 meters away from the top of the pole, bind firmly, tighten the second traction rope of the winch, and the electric pole slides into the base along the direction of the skateboard.
  • the pit adjust to a near vertical state, tilt 5-10° to the automatic anti-lock hoist;
  • Step S5 install the fixing fixture, connect the three fixing angles with bolts, adjust the length of the bolts as needed to ensure that the fixture falls into the bottom of the pole, and after the top of the operating pole penetrates the fixing plate through the mounting hole, install the pole on the top of the operating pole Screw the nut and tighten it, fix the two semicircular snap rings with the fixing bolts, drop the fixing fixture along the pole into the bottom of the pole, so that the top of the operating pole is exposed to the ground, and the operator controls the depth of the sliding angle steel by adjusting the direction of the operating pole. , When the sliding angle is fully extended, adjust the pole to the vertical state;
  • Step S6 adjust the depth of the electric pole, wrap the lever belt around 1.3m from the ground on the electric pole.
  • the lever rotates the electric pole in a clockwise direction. At this time, the electric pole goes deep into the ground under the action of the reducing scraper on the rotating base. When the electric pole reaches the standard, it stops rotating;
  • Step S7 backfill and compact the foundation of the pole, and the assembly is completed.
  • the electric pole assembly device and method involved in the present invention solve the problems of insufficient excavation depth of the electric pole foundation pit in the collapsed section and difficulty in electric pole assembly without mechanical assistance.
  • the shape of the foundation pit is combined with the V-shaped slide plate, so that the electric pole can accurately slide into the fixed point of the foundation pit.
  • the arc section of the slide plate plays a buffering role to prevent damage to the pole; in accordance with the isosceles triangle opening shape of the foundation pit and the characteristics of the V-shaped slide plate, the movement path of the bottom of the pole is controlled so that the bottom of the pole is in the assembly Accurately fall on the reference point during the erection process;
  • the rotating base of the present invention can excavate and dump the foundation directly under the electric pole while the electric pole is rotating, so as to increase the foundation depth of the electric pole;
  • the fixing fixture of the present invention further increases the stability of the bottom of the electric pole and prevents the electric pole from tilting
  • the lever belt combined with the rotating base of the present invention can drive the rotating base to rotate by rotating the lever belt without damaging the electric pole itself, so that the bottom of the electric pole is deepened and the base depth of the electric pole is increased;
  • the present invention uses a plurality of symmetrically arranged self-locking tension pay-off machines to realize the constant force traction of the electric pole, so that the electric pole receives uniform force during the assembly process, and prevents the electric pole from deviating from the line and tilting;
  • the tension pay-off machine of the present invention can only rotate in one direction during the pay-off process and the take-up process.
  • the convex spherical end of the tension tooth slides only on the slope of the self-locking tooth, and the tension tooth and self-lock when rotating in the opposite direction
  • the teeth restrict and brake each other, so that the tension pay-off machine can only rotate in one direction during the pay-off process and the take-up process, and has the self-locking function during the pay-off process and the take-up process.
  • the invention realizes the assembly of electric poles without power supply and hoisting machinery, achieves the same assembly effect, saves labor and mechanical costs, and at the same time ensures the safety and assembly of the electric pole during construction quality.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the construction process of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when in use
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the foundation excavation structure in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding plate in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the rotating base in the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a front view of Figure 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of the tension pay-off machine in Fig. 2;
  • Figure 8 is another three-dimensional schematic diagram of the tension pay-off machine in Figure 2;
  • Fig. 9 is another three-dimensional structural diagram of the tension pay-off machine in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the self-locking tooth and the tension tooth in the pay-off state of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the self-locking tooth and the tension tooth in the take-up state of Fig. 7;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of the fixing fixture in FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 13 is another three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixing fixture in Fig. 2;
  • Figure 14 is an exploded view of the lever belt of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a diagram of the lever belt in Fig. 14 in use.
  • the present invention discloses a device for assembling electric poles in a landslide section and a construction method.
  • a winch 1 is provided on the other side of the rod 2 corresponding to the tension pay-off machine 5. Both the tension pay-off machine 5 and the winch 1 are fixed by ground anchors.
  • the first traction rope and the second traction rope of the tension pay-off machine 5 and the winch 1 are all tied to the electric pole 2, and the electric pole 2 is adjusted to a vertical state.
  • Rotating base 4 as shown in Figures 2, 5 and 6, the rotating base 4 includes an upper fixed plate 401 and a lower fixed plate 402 which are coaxially arranged.
  • the center of the upper fixed plate 401 is provided with a mounting hole, and the lower fixed plate
  • the center of the 402 is provided with a bottom plate perforation shaft. After the bottom plate perforation shaft is inserted into the mounting hole, the coaxial arrangement of the two movable disks can be ensured to prevent longitudinal misalignment between the two movable disks, thereby affecting the stability of the rotating base 4 .
  • the periphery of the upper fixed disk 401 and the lower fixed disk 402 are fixedly connected by a plurality of connecting bolts 403, and a plurality of reducing scrapers 404 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the other side of the lower fixed disk 402, and the reducing scrapers 404 are fixed to the lower part by a fixed shaft 405
  • the disk 402 is fixedly connected.
  • a plurality of L-shaped folded plates 406 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the other side of the upper fixed plate 401.
  • the L-shaped folded plate 406 includes a horizontal plate and a vertical plate. The angle between the horizontal plate and the vertical plate is less than 90°.
  • the horizontal plate of the folded plate 406 is provided with a long groove, and the bottom of the groove is provided with a U-shaped opening.
  • the connecting bolt 403 passes through the U-shaped opening and is connected to the lower fixing plate 402.
  • the lower fixing plate 402 is provided with a connecting bolt
  • the threaded hole corresponding to 403, the top of the connecting bolt 403 and the nut are set in the groove on the upper part of the U-shaped opening, which does not affect the shaking of the L-shaped folded plate 406.
  • the horizontal plate of the L-shaped folded plate 406 extends into the bottom of the pole 2, the horizontal plate is compressed by the gravity of the pole 2. Since the angle between the horizontal plate and the vertical plate is less than 90 degrees, the vertical plate The top part will be offset radially outwards, and friction pads 407 are provided on the outer sides of the ends of the vertical plates to increase the friction between the friction pads 407 and the internal friction of the pole 2.
  • the connecting bolt 403 adopts a short threaded bolt, and the screw length of the connecting bolt 403 is 280mm, so that the L-shaped folded plate 406 has enough space for movement; and when the reducing scraper 404 is scraped onto a harder stone, the connecting bolt The upper fixed disk 401 and the lower fixed disk 402 connected by 403 will form a buffer zone, which will not cause direct damage to the pole 2.
  • anti-slip teeth 408 are provided on the contact surface of the upper fixed plate 401 and the lower fixed plate 402. After the rotating base 4 is installed, under the gravity of the electric pole, the gap between the upper fixed plate 401 and the lower fixed plate 402 is increased. The bite force of the anti-slip teeth 408 drives the reducing blade 404 to rotate when the electric rod rotates.
  • the sliding plate 3 as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, has a v-shaped cross-section.
  • the bottom of the sliding plate 3 is provided with an arc guide section 301.
  • the arc guide section 301 acts as a buffer when the pole 2 slides into the foundation pit.
  • the fixing fixture 6, as shown in Figures 2, 12 and 13, the fixing fixture 6 includes a plurality of fixed angle steels 601 connected end to end in turn.
  • a sliding angle steel 602 is slidably connected to the outside of each fixed angle steel 601.
  • the sliding angle steel A toothed belt 603 is provided on the outer side of the 602, and an upwardly extending operating rod 604 is provided in conjunction with each sliding angle steel 602.
  • the bottom of the operating rod 604 is provided with a transmission tooth 605 meshingly connected with the toothed belt 603.
  • a fixing plate 606 is arranged at the corresponding position of the toothed belt 603, and a limiting piercing nail 607 is arranged on the fixing plate 606.
  • the operating rod 604 passes through the limiting piercing nail 607 and is connected to the fixed angle steel 601 in rotation.
  • a guide cover 608 is provided on the fixed angle steel 601 along the arrangement direction of the sliding angle steel 602, and the sliding angle steel 602 slides in the guide cover 608.
  • the top of the operating rod 604 is provided with a fixing plate 609 for tightly connecting with the electric pole 2, and the fixing plate 609 includes two semicircular snap rings fastened by fixing bolts 610.
  • a mounting hole corresponding to the operating rod 604 is provided on the snap ring.
  • the tension pay-off machine 5 includes a pay-off base 501, on which a traction rope shaft 502 is installed through a bracket, and the traction rope shaft 502 passes through the pay-off
  • the shaft 510 controls the rotation to perform pay-off and take-up, and the tension pay-off machine 5 also includes a self-locking mechanism.
  • the self-locking mechanism includes an adjusting gear plate 511 coaxially fixed with one side of the payer shaft 510 through a bearing, and a plurality of self-locking teeth 512 are evenly distributed around the circumference on the outer side of the adjusting gear plate 511, and the self-locking teeth 512 are arranged in the same direction Bevel teeth.
  • a tension sprocket 503 is fixedly arranged on the pay-off machine base 501 outside the adjustment sprocket 511.
  • the tension sprocket 503 and the adjustment sprocket 511 are arranged coaxially, and a plurality of tension tooth limit holes 508 are evenly distributed around the tension sprocket 503.
  • the tension tooth 513 is slidably connected in the axial direction through the flat key in the tension tooth limit hole 508.
  • the tension tooth 513 is arranged corresponding to the number of the self-locking tooth 512.
  • the extension end surface of the tension tooth 513 is convex spherical, so The tension tooth 513 slides on the slope of the self-locking tooth 512.
  • a tension adjusting hole 504 is provided at the center of the outer side of the tension gear plate 503, and the tension equalizing plate 505 is connected with the tension adjusting hole 504 through an adjusting bolt 506.
  • a plurality of corresponding tension teeth 513 are evenly distributed on the inner side of the tension equalizing plate 505.
  • the equalizing tooth 507 extends into the tension tooth limit hole 508.
  • a compression spring 514 is provided between the equalizing tooth 507 and the tension tooth 513.
  • a pressure sensor is provided at the contact point between the compression spring 514 and the tension tooth 513.
  • the adjusting bolt 506 controls the depth of the pressure equalizing tooth 507 extending into the tension tooth limit hole 508 to control the pressure of the compression spring 514, thereby increasing the pressure between the tension tooth 513 and the self-locking tooth 512.
  • the pressure sensor and the tension indicator 509 are electrically connected. Connected, there is a battery pack inside the tension indicator 509 to supply power to the pressure sensor.
  • the tension indicator 509 can display the tension value of the tension pay-off machine 5 at the moment. When pulling force, the tension payer 5 pays off. Due to the inclined surface of the self-locking teeth 512, as shown in FIG. 10, the tension payer 5 can stretch the rope in the tension direction to pay off, and it cannot rotate in the reverse direction.
  • two corresponding flat keys are provided between the tension tooth 513 and the tension tooth limit hole 508.
  • a first gear plate 515 is coaxially provided on the inner side of the adjusting gear plate 511, and the outer edge of the first gear plate 515 is meshed with the self-locking teeth 512.
  • the second gear plate 516 controls the rotation of the self-locking teeth 512.
  • the inner side of the first gear plate 515 is fixedly connected with the self-locking teeth adjustment plate 517 and controls the adjustment of the rotation of the self-locking teeth adjustment plate 517.
  • Handle 518 when the first traction rope needs to be wound, turn the adjustment handle 518 upwards by 90°, the self-locking tooth adjustment disc 517 and the first gear disc 515 will rotate 90° accordingly, and the second gear disc 516 is under gear transmission. Rotate 180° to control the self-locking tooth 512 to rotate 180°, as shown in Figure 11, the self-locking function of the self-locking mechanism is released, so that the tension pay-off machine 5 can take up the rope in the reverse direction, and cannot rotate the pay-off in the forward direction.
  • the self-locking mechanism is all covered inside the casing to prevent external environment from damaging the internal structure of the self-locking mechanism and affecting its effect.
  • the tension indicator 509 can display the tension value of the tension pay-off machine 5 at the moment.
  • the electric pole 2 can be traction with constant force, so that the electric pole 2 is stressed during the assembly process. Even, prevent the pole 2 from deviating from the line and tilting, and increase the stability of the pole process.
  • a lever belt 7 is also included.
  • the lever belt 7 includes an inner tooth section 701 and an outer tooth section 702, and the inner tooth section 701 and the outer tooth section 702 are respectively It is set on the inner and outer sides of the lever belt 7, and the free end of the inner tooth section 701 is provided with a lever penetration hole 703.
  • the lever belt 7 is enclosed on the outside of the pole 1, the inner tooth section 701 and the outer tooth section 702 are tight After occlusion, it forms a circle.
  • the circumference can be adjusted automatically according to the diameter of the electric pole 2 and can be increased at the same time. Friction force with the surface of the pole 2.
  • a section of elastic cushion 704 is provided at the lever action fulcrum outside the lever belt 7. Damaged.
  • a construction method for assembling electric poles in a landslide section uses the electric pole resistance device for a landslide section as described in any of the above embodiments for construction, and the construction method includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 excavation of the foundation pit, as shown in Figure 3, excavation of the foundation pit at the point where the pole 2 is established, the excavation surface of the foundation pit is an isosceles triangle, and the bottom side of the isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the bisector
  • the center of the overhead line coincides, and the two sides of the triangle are excavated at the ground level 10.
  • the angle between the two inclined surfaces is not less than the opening angle of the slide plate 3.
  • Step S2 the pole 2 is transported and the rotating base 4 is installed.
  • the pole 2 is transported to the vicinity of the foundation.
  • the bottom of the pole faces the bottom side of the isosceles triangle.
  • the pole 2 matches the shape of the foundation pit and the structural characteristics of the slide 3 to control the movement path of the bottom of the pole 2 so that the bottom of the pole 2 is in the assembly. Accurately fall on the reference point during the erection process;
  • Step S3 two tension pay-off machines 5 are provided on the ground foundation on one side of the pole 2, and a winch 1 is provided on the other side of the pole 2 corresponding to the tension pay-off machine 5, self-locking tension pay-off
  • the machine 5 and the winch 1 are fixed by fixed ground anchors, the two tension pay-off machines 5 and the winch 1 are evenly distributed around the pole in the circumferential direction, the angle between the three traction ropes is 120°, and the first traction rope of the tension pay-off machine 5 The horizontal angle with the ground is not more than 45°.
  • the self-locking tension pay-off machine 5 can provide constant tension. By adjusting the tension adjusting bolt 506, it is ensured that the two self-locking tension pay-off machines 5 provide equal tension;
  • Step S4 the electric pole 2 is assembled, the two tension pay-off machines 5 and the traction ropes of the winch 1 are tied at a position 2-2.5m away from the top of the pole, and the binding is secure, tighten the second traction rope of the winch 1, the electric pole 2Slide into the foundation pit along the 3 directions of the slide board to adjust to a near vertical state, and tilt 5-10° to the automatic anti-locking winch;
  • step S5 the fixing fixture 6 is installed, the three fixing angle steels 601 are connected by bolts, and the length of the bolts is adjusted as required to ensure that the fixing fixture falls into the bottom of the pole 2.
  • the top of the operating rod 604 penetrates the fixing plate 609, screw the nut 611 on the top of the operating rod 604, fasten the two semicircular snap rings with the fixing bolt 610, and drop the fixing fixture 6 along the pole 2 into the bottom of the rod.
  • the operator controls the depth of the sliding angle 602 into the ground by adjusting the direction of the operating rod 604. When the sliding angle 602 is fully extended, As shown in Figure 13, adjust the pole 2 to the vertical position;
  • the sliding angle steel 602 and the fixed angle steel 601 can slide relatively, and the sliding path is restricted by the fixed cover 608, and the fixed cover 608 and the fixed angle steel 601 are an integral structure.
  • Step S6 adjust the depth of the electric pole 2, and wrap the lever belt 7 around the electric pole 2 at a distance of 1.3 m from the ground.
  • the electric pole 2 is rotated clockwise through the lever 8. At this time, the electric pole 2 goes deep into the ground under the action of the reducing scraper 404 of the rotating base 4, when the electric pole 2 Stop turning when the depth of penetration reaches the standard;
  • Step S7 backfill and compact the foundation of the pole, and the assembly is completed.

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Abstract

一种塌方段电杆组立装置及施工方法，在基坑两侧的地面对应设置张力放线机和（5）绞车（1）；张力放线机包括牵引绳轴（502）、放线机底座（501）及自锁机构，将张力放线机及绞车的牵引绳均与电杆（2）固定连接，以通过所述牵引绳轴收紧牵引绳，将电杆在基坑中调整至垂直状态。塌方段电杆组立的施工方法包括开挖基坑、运送电杆及安装旋转底座、采用固定式地锚固定两个张力放线机和绞车、组立电杆、安装固定卡具（6）、调节电杆深度及回填夯实电杆基础完成组立。该塌方段电杆组立装置在无电源和起重机械的情况下实现了电杆的组立，达到了同样的组立效果，节省了人工和机械的费用投入，同时保证了电杆施工过程中的安全和组立质量。

Description

一种塌方段电杆组立装置及施工方法 技术领域
本发明属于铁路电力专业施工技术领域，特别涉及一种塌方段电杆组立装置及施工方法。
背景技术
既有铁路10kV供电线路通常分为贯通线路和自闭线路，分别位于铁路两侧，通常沿铁路地界边缘敷设。
由于路径的选择受到一定程度的限制，经常遇到低洼泥泞路段或土质松软地段，此种情况电杆基坑开挖完成后需要立即组立电杆否则出现塌方，或者挖不到标准深度就出现塌方情况，由于车辆及起重机难以进入，使得电杆组立十分困难，上述公开的技术方案中均需要车辆及起重机的进入，需要投入大量的人力物力才能完成。
因此，需要提供一种针对上述现有技术不足的改进技术方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种塌方段电杆组立装置及施工方法，以解决或缓解上述现有技术中存在的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种塌方段电杆组立装置，包括：在基坑两侧的地面基础上对应设置的张力放线机和绞车。
所述张力放线机包括：
牵引绳轴，所述牵引绳轴上绕有第一牵引绳。
放线机底座，所述牵引绳轴通过放线机轴转动安装在所述放线机底座上，能够绕所述放线机轴转动，以对所述第一牵引绳进行放线或收线。
自锁机构，所述自锁机构位于所述牵引绳轴的端部，能够对所述牵引绳轴的转动提供恒定的张力。
所述绞车上设有第二牵引绳。
所述第一牵引绳和所述第二牵引绳均与所述电杆固定连接，以通过所述牵引绳轴收紧所述第一牵引绳、以及通过所述绞车收紧所述第二牵引绳，将所述电杆在基坑中调整至垂直状态。
本发明实施例还提供一种塌方段电杆组立施工方法，采用上述任一实施例所述的塌方段电杆组立装置，所述施工方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，开挖基坑，在电杆设立点处开挖基坑，基坑的横截面为等腰三角形，等腰三角形的底边垂直平分线与电杆的架空线路中心重合，等腰三角形的两腰采用斜挖方式进行，在地面层开挖，两斜面夹角不小于滑板的开口角度，基础底部挖至塌方层时，停止开挖，将基础底部修理平整；
步骤S2，运送电杆及安装旋转底座，将电杆吊于基坑处，并在底部安装旋转底座，首先将旋转底座上部的L型折板插入到电杆的底部，再用连接螺栓连接旋转底座的上部固定盘与下部固定盘，在上部固定盘与下部固定盘之间形成缓冲区，在基坑的顶角处放入滑板，电杆从等腰三角形开口基坑结合滑板准确落在基坑底部的基准点上；
步骤S3，采用固定式地锚固定两个张力放线机和绞车，垂直地面且夹角互为120°，与地面水平夹角不大于45°；
步骤S4，组立电杆，将张力放线机和绞车的牵引绳均绑扎在距离杆顶2-2.5米位置，绑扎牢靠，收紧绞车的第二牵引绳，电杆顺滑板方向滑入基坑内，调整至接近垂直状态，向自动反锁卷扬机倾斜5-10°；
步骤S5，安装固定卡具，将三个固定角钢通过螺栓连接，根据需要调整螺栓长度，保证卡具落入电杆底部，操作杆顶部通过安装孔穿入固定盘后，在操作杆顶部安装杆螺帽并拧紧，通过固定螺栓固定两个半圆形卡环，将固定卡具沿电杆落入杆底，使操作杆顶部露出地面，操作人员通过调节操作杆方向来控制滑动角钢入地深度，当滑动角钢全部伸出后，调整电杆至垂直状态；
步骤S6，调节电杆深度，在电杆上距离地面1.3m处将杠杆皮带围绕一周，杠杆头部通过杠杆穿入孔穿入，杠杆头部压在缓冲垫上，此时内外防滑齿咬合，通过杠杆顺时针方向转动电杆，此时电杆在旋转底座异径刮刀的作 用下深入地下，当电杆入地深度达到标准时，停止转动；
步骤S7，回填夯实电杆基础，组立完成。
与最接近的现有技术相比，本发明实施例的技术方案具有如下有益效果：
本发明所涉及的电杆组立装置及方法，解决了塌方段电杆基坑开挖深度不足和无机械辅助情况下电杆组立困难的难题。
1、本发明中基坑的形状结合V形滑板，使电杆准确滑入基坑定点位置处。所述滑板的圆弧段起到缓冲作用，防止对电杆造成损坏；配合等腰三角形的基坑开口形状和V形滑板的特点，控制了电杆底部的运动路径，使电杆底部在组立过程中准确落在基准点上；
2、本发明的旋转底座在固定电杆底部的同时，可在电杆转动的情况下，对电杆正下方基础进行挖土和排土，以此来增大电杆基础深度；
3、本发明中的固定卡具进一步增加了电杆底部的稳定性，防止电杆倾斜；
4、本发明中的杠杆皮带结合旋转底座，能在不损坏电杆本身的同时，通过转动杠杆皮带带动旋转底座转动，使电杆底部向下深入，增加电杆基础深度；
5、本发明采用多个对称设置的自锁式张力放线机实现电杆恒力牵引，使电杆在组立过程中受力均匀，防止电杆偏离线路放线倾斜；
6、本发明的张力放线机在放线过程及收线过程只能单方向转动，通过张力齿的凸球形端头只在自锁齿的斜面上滑动，反方向转动时张力齿与自锁齿互相限制制动，从而实现张力放线机在放线过程及收线过程只能单方向转动，在放线过程及收线过程中均具有自锁功能。
本发明在无电源和起重机械的情况下实现了电杆的组立，达到了同样的组立效果，节省了人工和机械的费用投入，同时保证了电杆施工过程中的安全和组立质量。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限 定。其中：
图1为本发明施工工艺流程图；
图2是本发明使用时的结构示意图；
图3是图2中基础开挖结构示意图；
图4是图2中滑板的结构示意图；
图5是本发明中的旋转底座的立体结构爆炸图；
图6是图5的主视图；
图7是图2中张力放线机的一立体结构示意图；
图8是图2中张力放线机的另一立体结构示意图；
图9是图2中张力放线机的再一立体结构示意图；
图10是图7放线状态自锁齿和张力齿的结构示意图；
图11是图7收线状态自锁齿和张力齿的结构示意图；
图12是图2中固定卡具的一立体结构示意图；
图13是图2中固定卡具的另一立体结构示意图；
图14是本发明中杠杆皮带的展开图；
图15是图14中杠杆皮带使用状态图。
附图标记说明：
1-绞车；2-电杆；3-滑板；301-圆弧导向段；4-旋转底座；401-上部固定盘；402-下部固定盘；403-连接螺栓；404-异径刮刀；405-固定轴；406-L型折板；407-摩擦垫；408-防滑齿；5-张力放线机；501-放线机底座；502-牵引绳轴；503-张力齿盘；504-张力调节孔；505-张力均压盘；506-调节螺栓；507-均压齿；508-张力齿限位孔；509-张力显示器；510-放线机轴；511-调节齿盘；512-自锁齿；513-张力齿；514-压簧；515-第一齿轮盘；516-第二齿轮盘；517-自锁齿调节盘；518-调节手柄；6-固定卡具；601-固定角钢；602-滑动角钢；603-齿带；604-操作杆；605-传动齿；606-固定板；607-限位穿钉；608-导向罩；609-固定盘；610-固定螺栓；611-螺帽；7-杠杆皮带；701-内齿段；702-外齿段；703-杠杆穿入孔；704-弹性缓冲垫；8-杠杆；9-基础；10-地面层；11-塌方层。
具体实施方式
如图1-15所示，本发明公开了一种塌方段电杆组立装置及施工方法，如图2所示，一种塌方段电杆组立装置，包括设于电杆2底部的旋转底座4、配合电杆2滑入基坑的滑板3以及用于稳定电杆2底部的固定卡具6，在电杆2一侧的地面基础上设有两个张力放线机5，在电杆2的另一侧与张力放线机5对应处设有绞车1，张力放线机5和绞车1均采用地锚固定，电杆2通过滑板3滑入基坑后，将电杆2、张力放线机5及绞车1的第一牵引绳和第二牵引绳均绑扎在电杆2上，将电杆2调整至垂直状态。
旋转底座4，如图2、图5及图6所示，旋转底座4包括同轴设置的上部固定盘401与下部固定盘402，上部固定盘401的中心处设有安装孔，在下部固定盘402的中心处设有下盘穿孔轴，下盘穿孔轴插入安装孔后能保证两个活动盘之间同轴设置，防止两个活动盘之间发生纵向错位，从而影响旋转底座4的稳定性。上部固定盘401与下部固定盘402的四周通过多个连接螺栓403固定连接，在下部固定盘402的另一侧沿周向均布多个异径刮刀404，异径刮刀404通过固定轴405与下部固定盘402固定连接。
在上部固定盘401的另一侧沿周向均布多个L型折板406，L型折板406包括水平板和竖直板，水平板和竖直板之间的夹角小于90°，L型折板406的水平板上设有长形凹槽，凹槽底部设有U型口，连接螺栓403穿过U型口后与下部固定盘402连接，在下部固定盘402上设有与连接螺栓403相对应的螺纹孔，连接螺栓403的顶部及螺帽设于U型口上部的凹槽内，不影响L型折板406晃动。L型折板406的竖直板伸入电杆2的底部后，水平板在电杆2重力作用下受压，由于水平板和竖直板之间的夹角小于90度，竖直板的顶部会沿径向向外发生偏移，在竖直板末端外侧均设有摩擦垫407，增大摩擦垫407与电杆2内部摩擦力。
进一步的，连接螺栓403采用短螺纹螺栓，连接螺栓403的螺杆长度280mm，使得L型折板406有足够的活动空间；并且当异径刮刀404刮至较硬的石块上时，通过连接螺栓403连接的上部固定盘401与下部固定盘402 之间会形成缓冲区，不会对电杆2造成直接伤害。
进一步的，在上部固定盘401与下部固定盘402的接触面上均设有防滑齿408，旋转底座4安装后，在电杆的重力作用下，增加上部固定盘401与下部固定盘402之间防滑齿408的咬合力，进而在电杆转动时带动异径刮刀404转动。
滑板3，如图2和图4所示，滑板3采用v形断面，滑板3的底部设有圆弧导向段301，圆弧导向段301使电杆2滑入基坑时起到缓冲作用。
固定卡具6，如图2、图12及图13所示，固定卡具6包括多个首尾依次相连的固定角钢601，在每个固定角钢601的外侧均滑动连接有滑动角钢602，滑动角钢602的外侧面设有齿带603，与每个滑动角钢602配合设有向上伸出的操作杆604，操作杆604的底部设有与齿带603啮合连接的传动齿605，在固定角钢601上部与齿带603的对应处设有固定板606，在固定板606上设有限位穿钉607，操作杆604穿过限位穿钉607后与固定角钢601转动连接。
进一步的，为了限制滑动角钢602的滑动轨迹，在固定角钢601上沿滑动角钢602的布置方向设有导向罩608，滑动角钢602在导向罩608内滑动。
进一步的，所述操作杆604的顶部设有用于与电杆2紧固连接的固定盘609，固定盘609包括两个通过固定螺栓610紧固的半圆形卡环，在两个半圆形卡环上设有与操作杆604对应的安装孔。
张力放线机5，如图7至图9所示，张力放线机5包括放线机底座501，在放线机底座501上通过支架安装有牵引绳轴502，牵引绳轴502通过放线机轴510控制转动进行放线及收线，张力放线机5还包括自锁机构。
自锁机构包括与放线机轴510的一侧通过轴承同轴固定有调节齿盘511，在调节齿盘511的外侧绕周向均布多个自锁齿512，自锁齿512为同一方向 布置的斜面齿。
在调节齿盘511外侧的放线机底座501上固定设置有张力齿盘503，张力齿盘503与调节齿盘511同轴布置，绕张力齿盘503周向均布多个张力齿限位孔508，在张力齿限位孔508内通过平键沿轴向滑动连接有张力齿513，张力齿513与自锁齿512的个数对应设置，所述张力齿513的伸出端端面为凸球形，所述张力齿513在自锁齿512的斜面上滑动。
张力齿盘503的外侧中心处设有张力调节孔504，张力均压盘505通过调节螺栓506与张力调节孔504配合连接，在张力均压盘505内侧均布多个与张力齿513对应设置的均压齿507，均压齿507伸入张力齿限位孔508，在均压齿507与张力齿513之间设有压簧514，压簧514与张力齿513接触处设有压力传感器，通过调节螺栓506控制均压齿507伸入张力齿限位孔508的深度来控制压簧514受压的压力，从而增加张力齿513与自锁齿512之间的压力，压力传感器与张力显示器509电连接，张力显示器509内部有电池组为压力传感器供电，张力显示器509可显示张力放线机5此刻的张力数值，当绞车1的第二牵引绳的拉力大于张力放线机5第一牵引绳的拉力时，张力放线机5放线，由于自锁齿512的斜面设置，如图10所示，使张力放线机5能够向张力方向拉伸绳索进行放线，反向不可转动。
进一步的，为了防止张力齿513在放线过程中发生转动，所述张力齿513与张力齿限位孔508间设有两条对应的平键。
进一步的，为了使张力放线机同时满足收线功能，在调节齿盘511的内侧同轴设有第一齿轮盘515，在第一齿轮盘515的外沿与自锁齿512对应处啮合设有多个第二齿轮盘516，第二齿轮盘516控制自锁齿512的转动，在第一齿轮盘515的内侧固定连接有自锁齿调节盘517及控制自锁齿调节盘517转动的调节手柄518，当需要缠绕第一牵引绳时，将调节手柄518向上转动90°，自锁齿调节盘517及第一齿轮盘515随之转动90°，此时第二齿轮盘516在齿轮传动下旋转180°，从而控制自锁齿512旋转180°，如图11 所示，解除自锁机构的自锁功能，使张力放线机5可以反向收绳，不能正向转动放线。
进一步的，自锁机构全部罩设在机壳内部，防止外界环境对自锁机构内部结构造成损坏，影响其效果。
所述张力显示器509可显示张力放线机5此刻的张力数值，通过将两个张力放线机5的张力调节一致，实现电杆2恒力牵引，使电杆2在组立过程中受力均匀，防止电杆2偏离线路放线倾斜，增加立杆过程的稳定性。
进一步的，为了配合旋转底座4的使用，还包括杠杆皮带7，如图14和图15所示，杠杆皮带7包括内齿段701和外齿段702，内齿段701和外齿段702分别设与杠杆皮带7的内外两侧，在内齿段701的自由端设有杠杆穿入孔703，所述杠杆皮带7围在电杆1外侧时，其内齿段701和外齿段702紧密咬合后围成圆周。由于在杠杆皮带7上设内齿段701和外齿段702的锯齿形设计，并且能够保证杠杆皮带7的压紧程度的前提下根据电杆2的直径不同自行调节周长，同时可增大与电杆2表面的摩擦力。
进一步的，在利用杠杆8对电杆2进行转动时，杠杆皮带7外侧的杠杆作用支点处设有一段弹性缓冲垫704，所述弹性缓冲垫704能够起到缓冲作用，可防止电杆2表面受损。
通过杠杆8顺时针方向转动电杆2，此时电杆2在旋转底座4的异径刮刀404的作用下深入地下，当电杆2入地深度达到标准时，停止转动。
如图1所示，一种塌方段电杆组立施工方法，采用上述任一实施例所述的塌方段电杆阻力装置进行施工，所述施工方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，基坑开挖，如图3所示，在电杆2设立点处开挖基坑，所述基坑的开挖面为等腰三角形，所述等腰三角形底边垂直平分线与架空线路中心 重合，三角形两腰采用斜挖方式进行，在地面层10开挖，在两斜面夹角不小于滑板3的开口角度，基础9底部挖至塌方层11时，立即停止开挖，基础9底部修理平整，即开挖完成；
步骤S2，电杆2运送及旋转底座4安装，将电杆2运送至基础附近，电杆底部朝向等腰三角形底边方向，将滑板3放置在等腰三角形顶角位置插入基础9内，顺向三角形斜边夹角方向，将电杆2放在滑板3上方，并在底部安装旋转底座4。
首先将旋转底座4上部的L型折板406插入到电杆2底部，再用连接螺栓403连接旋转底座4的上部固定盘401与下部固定盘402，连接螺栓403的螺杆长度为280mm，使得摩擦构件有足够的活动空间。在电杆2重力作用下，增大L型折板406与电杆2内部摩擦力及上下盘的防滑齿408的咬合力，进而在电杆2转动时带动异径刮刀404转动。
旋转底座4安装完成后，将电杆2放置在滑板3的上方，电杆2配合基坑的形状和滑板3的结构特点，控制了电杆2底部的运动路径，使电杆2底部在组立过程中准确落在基准点上；
步骤S3，在电杆2一侧的地面基础上设有两个张力放线机5，在电杆2的另一侧与张力放线机5对应处设有绞车1，自锁式张力放线机5和绞车1采用固定式地锚固定，两个张力放线机5及绞车1绕电杆周向均布，三条牵引绳之间的夹角为120°，张力放线机5的第一牵引绳与地面水平夹角不大于45°。自锁式张力放线机5能够提供恒定张力，通过调节张力调节螺栓506，保证两个自锁式张力放线机5提供相等的拉力；
步骤S4，电杆2组立，将两个张力放线机5及绞车1的牵引绳均绑扎在距离杆顶2-2.5m位置，绑扎牢靠，收紧绞车1的第二牵引绳，电杆2顺滑板3方向滑入基坑内调整至接近垂直状态，向自动反锁卷扬机倾斜5-10°；
步骤S5，安装固定卡具6，将三个固定角钢601通过螺栓连接，根据需要调整螺栓长度，保证固定卡具落入电杆2底部。操作杆604顶部穿入固定盘609后，在操作杆604顶部拧入螺帽611，通过固定螺栓610紧固两个半圆形卡环，将固定卡具6沿电杆2落入杆底，使固定卡具6的底面与基础9的底面相平齐，同时操作杆604顶部露出地面，操作人员通过调节操作杆604方向来控制滑动角钢602入地深度，当滑动角钢602全部伸出后，如图13所示，调整电杆2至垂直状态；
进一步的，滑动角钢602与固定角钢601可相对滑动，滑动路径受固定罩608限制，固定罩608与固定角钢601是整体结构。
步骤S6，调节电杆2深度，将杠杆皮带7围绕电杆2距离地面1.3m处一周，杠杆8头部通过杠杆穿入孔703穿入，杠杆8头部压在弹性缓冲垫704上，此时内齿段701和外齿段702咬合后围成圆周，通过杠杆8顺时针方向转动电杆2，此时电杆2在旋转底座4异径刮刀404的作用下深入地下，当电杆2入地深度达到标准时，停止转动；
步骤S7，回填夯实电杆基础，组立完成。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种塌方段电杆组立装置，其特征在于，包括：在基坑两侧的地面基础上对应设置的张力放线机和绞车；
    所述张力放线机包括：
    牵引绳轴，所述牵引绳轴上绕有第一牵引绳；
    放线机底座，所述牵引绳轴通过放线机轴转动安装在所述放线机底座上，能够绕所述放线机轴转动，以对所述第一牵引绳进行放线或收线；
    自锁机构，所述自锁机构位于所述牵引绳轴的端部，能够对所述牵引绳轴的转动提供恒定的张力；
    所述绞车上设有第二牵引绳；
    所述第一牵引绳和所述第二牵引绳均与所述电杆固定连接，以通过所述牵引绳轴收紧所述第一牵引绳、以及通过所述绞车收紧所述第二牵引绳，将所述电杆在基坑中调整至垂直状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的塌方段电杆组立装置，其特征在于，还包括用于稳定所述电杆底部的电杆固定卡具，所述电杆固定卡具包括多个首尾依次相连的固定角钢，在每个所述固定角钢的外侧均滑动连接有滑动角钢，所述滑动角钢上设有齿带，与每个所述滑动角钢配合设有操作杆，所述操作杆的底部设有与所述齿带啮合连接的传动齿，所述操作杆与固定角钢转动连接；
    所述操作杆的顶部设有用于与所述电杆紧固连接的固定盘，所述固定盘包括两个通过固定螺栓紧固的半圆形卡环，在两个半圆形卡环上设有与所述操作杆对应的安装孔；
    在所述固定角钢上沿所述滑动角钢的布置方向设有导向罩，所述滑动角钢在所述导向罩内滑动；
    在所述固定角钢上部与所述齿带的对应处设有固定板，在所述固定板上设有限位穿钉，所述操作杆穿过所述限位穿钉后与所述固定角钢转动连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的塌方段电杆组立装置，其特征在于，还包括杠杆皮带，所述杠杆皮带包括内齿段和外齿段，所述内齿段和外齿段分别设于 所述杠杆皮带的内外两侧，所述杠杆皮带围在所述电杆外侧时，所述内齿段和外齿段咬合，在所述内齿段的自由端设有杠杆穿入孔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的塌方段电杆组立装置，其特征在于，在基坑内设有辅助所述电杆准确滑入的滑板，所述滑板为横截面为v形的折板，在滑板的底部设有圆弧导向段。
  5. 据权利要求1所述的塌方段电杆组立装置，其特征在于，在所述电杆的底部设有旋转底座，所述旋转底座的上表面沿周向均布多个L型折板，所述L型折板的折角小于90°，在所述旋转底座的下表面沿周向均布多个异径刮刀。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的塌方段电杆组立装置，其特征在于，在所述L型折板上远离所述旋转底座的上表面的一端的外侧设有摩擦垫。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的塌方段电杆组立装置，其特征在于，所述自锁机构包括与所述放线机轴的一侧通过轴承同轴固定的调节齿盘，在所述调节齿盘的外侧绕周向均布多个自锁齿，所述自锁齿为同一方向布置的斜面齿，在所述调节齿盘外侧的所述放线机底座上固定设置有张力齿盘，所述张力齿盘与所述调节齿盘同轴布置，绕所述张力齿盘周向均布多个张力齿限位孔，在所述张力齿限位孔内通过平键沿轴向滑动连接有张力齿，所述张力齿与所述自锁齿的个数对应设置，所述张力齿的伸出端端面为凸球形，所述张力齿在所述自锁齿的斜面上滑动。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的塌方段电杆组立装置，其特征在于，所述张力齿盘的外侧中心处设有张力调节孔，张力均压盘通过调节螺栓与所述张力调节孔配合连接，在所述张力均压盘内侧均布多个与所述张力齿对应设置的均压齿，所述均压齿伸入所述张力齿限位孔，在所述均压齿与所述张力齿之间设有压簧，所述压簧与所述张力齿接触处设有压力传感器，通过调节螺栓控制所述均压齿伸入所述张力齿限位孔的深度来控制所述压簧的压力，从而增 加所述张力齿与所述自锁齿之间的压力，所述压力传感器与张力显示器电连接，所述张力显示器显示所述张力放线机的实时张力数值，当所述绞车的第二牵引绳的拉力大于所述张力放线机的第一牵引绳的拉力时，所述张力放线机放线；
    所述张力齿与所述张力齿限位孔间设有两条对应的平键。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的塌方段电杆组立装置，其特征在于，在所述调节齿盘的内侧同轴设有第一齿轮盘，在所述第一齿轮盘的外沿与所述自锁齿对应处啮合设有多个第二齿轮盘，所述第二齿轮盘与所述自锁齿同轴连接并控制所述自锁齿的转动，在所述第一齿轮盘的内侧固定连接有自锁齿调节盘及控制所述自锁齿调节盘转动的调节手柄，当需要缠绕第一牵引绳时，将所述调节手柄向上转动90°，所述自锁齿调节盘及所述第一齿轮盘随之转动90°，此时所述第二齿轮盘在齿轮传动下旋转180°，从而控制所述自锁齿旋转180°，解除所述自锁机构的自锁功能，使所述张力放线机反向收绳。
  10. 一种塌方段电杆组立施工方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1～9任一所述的塌方段电杆组立装置，所述施工方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1，开挖基坑，在电杆设立点处开挖基坑，基坑的横截面为等腰三角形，等腰三角形的底边垂直平分线与电杆的架空线路中心重合，等腰三角形的两腰采用斜挖方式进行，在地面层开挖，两斜面夹角不小于滑板的开口角度，基础底部挖至塌方层时，停止开挖，将基础底部修理平整；
    步骤S2，运送电杆及安装旋转底座，将电杆吊于基坑处，并在底部安装旋转底座，首先将旋转底座上部的L型折板插入到电杆的底部，再用连接螺栓连接旋转底座的上部固定盘与下部固定盘，在上部固定盘与下部固定盘之间形成缓冲区，在基坑的顶角处放入滑板，电杆从等腰三角形开口基坑结合滑板准确落在基坑底部的基准点上；
    步骤S3，采用固定式地锚固定两个张力放线机和绞车，垂直地面且夹角互为120°，与地面水平夹角不大于45°；
    步骤S4，组立电杆，将张力放线机和绞车的牵引绳均绑扎在距离杆顶2-2.5米位置，绑扎牢靠，收紧绞车的第二牵引绳，电杆顺滑板方向滑入基坑 内，调整至接近垂直状态，向自动反锁卷扬机倾斜5-10°；
    步骤S5，安装固定卡具，将三个固定角钢通过螺栓连接，根据需要调整螺栓长度，保证卡具落入电杆底部，操作杆顶部通过安装孔穿入固定盘后，在操作杆顶部安装杆螺帽并拧紧，通过固定螺栓固定两个半圆形卡环，将固定卡具沿电杆落入杆底，使操作杆顶部露出地面，操作人员通过调节操作杆方向来控制滑动角钢入地深度，当滑动角钢全部伸出后，调整电杆至垂直状态；
    步骤S6，调节电杆深度，在电杆上距离地面1.3m处将杠杆皮带围绕一周，杠杆头部通过杠杆穿入孔穿入，杠杆头部压在缓冲垫上，此时内外防滑齿咬合，通过杠杆顺时针方向转动电杆，此时电杆在旋转底座异径刮刀的作用下深入地下，当电杆入地深度达到标准时，停止转动；
    步骤S7，回填夯实电杆基础，组立完成。
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