WO2021215168A1 - 超電導磁石装置、極低温冷凍機、および超電導磁石装置の冷却方法 - Google Patents

超電導磁石装置、極低温冷凍機、および超電導磁石装置の冷却方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021215168A1
WO2021215168A1 PCT/JP2021/011607 JP2021011607W WO2021215168A1 WO 2021215168 A1 WO2021215168 A1 WO 2021215168A1 JP 2021011607 W JP2021011607 W JP 2021011607W WO 2021215168 A1 WO2021215168 A1 WO 2021215168A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cold head
sub
temperature
magnet device
superconducting magnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/JP2021/011607
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
池谷　陽一郎
アール、 ブルース スローン、
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
Sumitomo SHI Cryogenics of America Inc
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
Sumitomo SHI Cryogenics of America Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd, Sumitomo SHI Cryogenics of America Inc filed Critical Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority to CN202180029121.7A priority Critical patent/CN115461582B/zh
Priority to JP2022516900A priority patent/JP7319462B2/ja
Priority to EP21792992.6A priority patent/EP4141347A4/en
Publication of WO2021215168A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021215168A1/ja
Priority to US17/970,602 priority patent/US20230046818A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/04—Cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a superconducting magnet device, a cryogenic refrigerator, and a cooling method for the superconducting magnet device.
  • a cooling method for a superconducting magnet in which a superconducting magnet is stored in a helium tank together with a large amount of liquid helium and the entire superconducting magnet is immersed in the liquid helium is known. This is also called immersion cooling.
  • Two-stage Gifford-McMahon (GM) refrigerators are often used to recondense vaporized liquid helium.
  • One of the exemplary objects of an aspect of the present invention is to provide cryogenic cooling in a helium-saving superconducting magnet device.
  • the superconducting magnet device includes a superconducting coil, a radiation shield that thermally protects the superconducting coil, a main cold head that cools the superconducting coil, and a sub-cold head that cools the radiation shield.
  • a common compressor that supplies refrigerant gas to the cold head and sub-cold head, a first temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the radiation shield, a second temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the superconducting coil, and initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device.
  • a controller configured to activate the sub-cold head for the purpose, stop the sub-cold head based on the output of the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor, and operate the main cold head with the sub-cold head stopped. And.
  • the superconducting magnet device includes a superconducting coil, a radiation shield that thermally protects the superconducting coil, a main cold head that cools the superconducting coil, and a sub-cold head that cools the radiation shield.
  • the common compressor that supplies refrigerant gas to the cold head and sub-cold head, the first temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the radiation shield, the second temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the superconducting coil, and the sub-cold head are stopped. It comprises a controller configured to activate the sub-cold head based on the output of the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor while operating the main cold head in the state.
  • the cryogenic refrigerator has a two-stage main cold head having a one-stage cooling stage for cooling the radiation shield for the superconducting coil and a two-stage cooling stage for cooling the superconducting coil.
  • a single-stage sub-cold head that cools the radiation shield, and a common compressor that supplies refrigerant gas to the main cold head and the sub-cold head.
  • a method for cooling a superconducting magnet device includes a superconducting coil, a radiation shield that thermally protects the superconducting coil, a main cold head that cools the superconducting coil, a sub-cold head that cools the radiation shield, and a refrigerant in the main cold head and the sub-cold head. It is equipped with a common compressor that supplies gas.
  • the main cooling methods are to start the sub-cold head for the initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device, to stop the sub-cold head based on the temperature of the radiation shield or the superconducting coil, and to stop the sub-cold head. It comprises operating a cold head.
  • a method for cooling a superconducting magnet device includes a superconducting coil, a radiation shield that thermally protects the superconducting coil, a main cold head that cools the superconducting coil, a sub-cold head that cools the radiation shield, and a refrigerant in the main cold head and the sub-cold head. It is equipped with a common compressor that supplies gas.
  • the cooling method includes operating the main cold head with the sub cold head stopped, and activating the sub cold head based on the temperature of the radiation shield or the superconducting coil.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a superconducting magnet device 10 according to an embodiment.
  • the superconducting magnet device 10 can be used as a magnetic field source for, for example, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, a silicon single crystal pulling device by a magnetic field application Chokralsky method, for example, an accelerator such as a cyclotron, or another high magnetic field utilization device. It is mounted and can generate the high magnetic field required for the equipment.
  • the superconducting magnet device 10 is also referred to as a superconducting magnet.
  • the superconducting magnet device 10 includes a superconducting coil 12, a radiation shield 14 that thermally protects the superconducting coil 12, and a cryogenic refrigerator 100 that cools the superconducting coil 12 and the radiation shield 14. Further, the superconducting magnet device 10 includes a vacuum container 16 and a current lead 18. Further, the superconducting magnet device 10 includes a first temperature sensor 40 that measures the temperature of the radiation shield 14, and a second temperature sensor 42 that measures the temperature of the superconducting coil 12.
  • the superconducting coil 12 may be a known superconducting coil (for example, a so-called low-temperature superconducting coil), and is configured to generate a strong magnetic field by being energized while being cooled to an extremely low temperature equal to or lower than the superconducting transition temperature. Will be done.
  • the superconducting coil 12 is housed in the vacuum vessel 16 together with the radiation shield 14 and the current lead 18.
  • the radiant shield 14 is arranged so as to surround the superconducting coil 12, thereby shielding radiant heat that can enter the superconducting coil 12 from the ambient environment (for example, room temperature atmospheric pressure environment) or the container wall of the vacuum vessel 16.
  • the radiation shield 14 is formed of a metal material such as copper or other material having a high thermal conductivity.
  • the current lead 18 is installed in the superconducting magnet device 10 for connecting the superconducting coil 12 to a power supply device (not shown).
  • the power supply device is arranged outside the vacuum vessel 16.
  • the current lead 18 includes a metal current lead 18a connected to the power supply device through a feedthrough portion installed in the vacuum vessel 16 and a superconducting current lead 18b connected to the metal current lead 18a.
  • the superconducting current lead 18b is connected to the superconducting coil 12.
  • the metal current lead 18a is formed of a metal material having excellent conductivity, such as copper (for example, tough pitch copper) or brass.
  • the superconducting current lead 18b can be made of cuprate superconductor or other high temperature superconducting material.
  • the superconducting current lead 18b may be formed of a low temperature superconducting material typified by NbTi.
  • the current leads 18 are provided in pairs at least on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side, and an exciting current is supplied from an external power source to the superconducting coil 12 through the current leads 18.
  • the superconducting magnet device 10 can generate a strong magnetic field.
  • the cryogenic refrigerator 100 is a Gifford-McMahon (GM) refrigerator in this embodiment.
  • GM Gifford-McMahon
  • a general GM refrigerator operates one cold head with one compressor, but this cryogenic refrigerator 100 does not operate two cold heads with one compressor.
  • the cryogenic refrigerator 100 applies refrigerant gas to the main cold head 102 that cools the superconducting coil 12, the sub cold head 104 that cools the radiation shield 14, and the main cold head 102 and the sub cold head 104.
  • a common compressor 106 for supplying is provided.
  • the cold head is also called an inflator.
  • the cryogenic refrigerator 100 includes a branch pipe 108 for connecting the main cold head 102, the sub cold head 104, and the compressor 106, and a controller 110 for controlling the cryogenic refrigerator 100.
  • the compressor 106 recovers the refrigerant gas of the cryogenic refrigerator 100 from the main cold head 102 and the sub cold head 104, pressurizes the recovered refrigerant gas, and supplies the refrigerant gas to these two cold heads again. It is configured.
  • the refrigeration cycle of the cryogenic refrigerator 100 is configured by circulating the refrigerant gas between the compressor 106 and each cold head with an appropriate combination of pressure fluctuation and volume fluctuation of the refrigerant gas in each cold head. The cooling stage of each cold head is thereby cooled to the desired cryogenic temperature.
  • the refrigerant gas also referred to as a working gas, is usually helium gas, but other suitable gases may be used. For understanding, the direction in which the refrigerant gas flows is indicated by an arrow in FIG.
  • the pressure of the refrigerant gas supplied from the compressor 106 and the pressure of the refrigerant gas recovered by the compressor 106 are both considerably higher than the atmospheric pressure, and can be referred to as a first high pressure and a second high pressure, respectively. ..
  • the first high pressure and the second high pressure are also simply referred to as high pressure and low pressure, respectively.
  • the high pressure is, for example, 2-3 MPa.
  • the low pressure is, for example, 0.5 to 1.5 MPa, for example, about 0.8 MPa.
  • the main cold head 102 is a two-stage cold head that cools the superconducting coil 12 and the radiation shield 14.
  • the main cold head 102 includes a drive unit 103, a one-stage cooling stage 102a, and a two-stage cooling stage 102b.
  • the drive unit 103 is mounted on the vacuum vessel 16 and arranged in the surrounding environment, whereas the one-stage cooling stage 102a and the two-stage cooling stage 102b are arranged in the vacuum vessel 16.
  • the drive unit 103 has an electric motor 103a that drives the main cold head 102.
  • the displacer built in the main cold head 102 and the switching valve (for example, a rotary valve) operate synchronously so as to form a GM cycle.
  • the displacer controls the volume of the expansion chamber of the refrigerant gas in the main cold head 102, and the switching valve switches the supply and recovery of the refrigerant gas from the compressor 106 so that the refrigerant gas in the expansion chamber in the main cold head 102 is switched. Control the pressure.
  • the drive unit 103 is provided with a high pressure port 103b and a low pressure port 103c.
  • the main cold head 102 receives the high-pressure refrigerant gas from the high-pressure port 103b into the expansion chamber in the main cold head 102 through the switching valve, and sends out the low-pressure refrigerant gas expanded in the expansion chamber from the low-pressure port 103c through the switching valve.
  • the main cold head 102 may be configured such that the expansion chamber in the main cold head 102 is separated from the compressor 106 when the electric motor 103a is stopped.
  • the switching valve of the main cold head 102 is a rotary valve
  • the one-stage cooling stage 102a is thermally coupled to the radiant shield 14 to cool the radiant shield 14.
  • the one-stage cooling stage 102a may be directly attached to the radiant shield 14 or may be connected to the radiant shield 14 via a flexible or rigid heat transfer member.
  • the one-stage cooling stage 102a is thermally coupled to the metal current lead 18a to cool the metal current lead 18a.
  • the metal current lead 18a is cooled via the radiation shield 14, but may be cooled via other heat transfer members or directly attached to the one-stage cooling stage 102a.
  • the superconducting magnet device 10 is a conduction cooling type.
  • the superconducting coil 12 is directly cooled by the cryogenic refrigerator 100.
  • the two-stage cooling stage 102b of the main cold head 102 is thermally coupled to the superconducting coil 12 via a flexible or rigid heat transfer member 44 to cool the superconducting coil 12.
  • the two-stage cooling stage 102b is thermally coupled to the superconducting current lead 18b to cool the superconducting current lead 18b.
  • the superconducting current lead 18b may be cooled via the heat transfer member 46 or directly attached to the two-stage cooling stage 102b.
  • the two-stage cooling stage 102b and the superconducting current lead 18b are arranged in the radiation shield 14 like the superconducting coil 12.
  • the sub-cold head 104 is a single-stage cold head in this embodiment.
  • the sub-cold head 104 includes a drive unit 105 and a cooling stage 104a.
  • the drive unit 105 is mounted on the vacuum vessel 16 and arranged in the surrounding environment, and the cooling stage 104a is arranged in the vacuum vessel 16.
  • the drive unit 105 has an electric motor 105a that drives the sub-cold head 104.
  • the displacer built in the sub-cold head 104 and the switching valve (for example, a rotary valve) operate synchronously so as to form a GM cycle.
  • the displacer controls the volume of the expansion chamber of the refrigerant gas in the sub-cold head 104
  • the switching valve controls the refrigerant gas pressure in the sub-cold head 104 by switching the supply and recovery of the refrigerant gas from the compressor 106. do.
  • the drive unit 105 of the sub-cold head 104 is provided with a high-pressure port 105b and a low-pressure port 105c.
  • the sub-cold head 104 receives the high-pressure refrigerant gas from the high-pressure port 105b into the expansion chamber in the sub-cold head 104 through the switching valve, and sends out the low-pressure refrigerant gas expanded in the expansion chamber from the low-pressure port 105c through the switching valve.
  • the sub-cold head 104 may be configured such that the expansion chamber in the sub-cold head 104 is separated from the compressor 106 when the electric motor 105a is stopped.
  • the switching valve of the sub-cold head 104 is a rotary valve
  • it may be realized by stopping the rotary valve at a rotation angle selected so that the expansion chamber in the sub-cold head 104 is separated from both the discharge side and the suction side of the compressor 106. In this case, when the electric motor 105a is stopped, the rotary valve is stopped at the rotation angle, and the refrigerant gas does not flow in and out of the sub-cold head 104.
  • the cooling stage 104a of the sub-cold head 104 is thermally coupled to the radiation shield 14 to cool the radiation shield 14.
  • the cooling stage 104a may be attached directly to the radiant shield 14 or may be connected to the radiant shield 14 via a flexible or rigid heat transfer member. Further, the cooling stage 104a is thermally coupled to the metal current lead 18a to cool the metal current lead 18a. In this embodiment, the metal current lead 18a is cooled via the radiation shield 14, but may be cooled via other heat transfer members or directly attached to the cooling stage 104a.
  • the sub-cold head 104 does not cool the superconducting coil 12.
  • the one-stage cooling stage 102a of the main cold head 102 and the cooling stage 104a of the sub-cold head 104 are cooled to, for example, 30K to 80K (usually 30K to 50K, for example, 40K), and the two-stage cooling stage 102b of the main cold head 102 is For example, it is cooled to 3K to 20K (usually 3K to 4K). All of these cooling stages are formed of a metal material such as copper or other material with high thermal conductivity.
  • the compressor 106 is arranged outside the vacuum vessel 16.
  • the compressor 106 includes a compressor main body 106a, a compressor housing 106b, a discharge port 106c, and a suction port 106d.
  • the compressor main body 106a is configured to internally compress the refrigerant gas sucked from the suction port and discharge it from the discharge port.
  • the compressor body 106a may be, for example, a scroll type, a rotary type, or another pump that boosts the refrigerant gas.
  • the compressor body 106a may be configured to discharge a fixed and constant flow rate of the refrigerant gas. Alternatively, the compressor main body 106a may be configured to make the flow rate of the discharged refrigerant gas variable.
  • the compressor body 106a is sometimes referred to as a compression capsule.
  • the compressor main body 106a is housed in the compressor housing 106b.
  • the discharge port 106c and the suction port 106d are installed in the compressor housing 106b.
  • the discharge port 106c is connected to the discharge port of the compressor main body 106a, and the suction port 106d is connected to the suction port of the compressor main body 106a.
  • the compressor 106 is also referred to as a compressor unit.
  • the branch pipe 108 includes a high pressure side pipe 108a and a low pressure side pipe 108b.
  • the high-pressure side pipe 108a connects the compressor 106 to the main cold head 102 and the sub-cold head 104 so that the high-pressure refrigerant gas can be supplied from the compressor 106 to both the main cold head 102 and the sub-cold head 104. do.
  • the high-pressure side pipe 108a extends from the discharge port 106c of the compressor 106, branches into two branch pipes in the middle, and is connected to each of the high-pressure port 103b of the main cold head 102 and the high-pressure port 105b of the sub-cold head 104. NS.
  • the low-pressure side pipe 108b connects the main cold head 102 and the sub-cold head 104 to the compressor 106 so that the low-pressure refrigerant gas can be recovered from both the main cold head 102 and the sub-cold head 104 to the compressor 106. do.
  • the low-pressure side pipe 108b extends from each of the low-pressure port 105c of the main cold head 102 and the low-pressure port 105c of the sub-cold head 104, joins in the middle, and is connected to the suction port 106d of the compressor 106.
  • the branch pipe 108 is made of a flexible pipe as an example, but may be made of a rigid pipe.
  • the controller 110 is based on the output of the first temperature sensor 40 or the second temperature sensor 42, or according to a command signal from a higher-level controller (for example, a controller that controls the superconducting magnet device 10 or a higher-level system on which the superconducting magnet device 10 is mounted). It is configured to control the on / off of the main cold head 102, the sub cold head 104, and the compressor 106. That is, the controller 110 controls the on / off of the electric motor 103a of the main cold head 102 and the on / off of the electric motor 105a of the sub cold head 104. Further, the controller 110 controls the on / off of the compressor main body 106a. The controller 110 can individually control the on / off of the main cold head 102, the sub cold head 104, and the compressor 106.
  • a higher-level controller for example, a controller that controls the superconducting magnet device 10 or a higher-level system on which the superconducting magnet device 10 is mounted. It is configured to control the on
  • the controller 110 is attached to the outer surface of the compressor housing 106b, or is housed in the compressor housing 106b. Alternatively, the controller 110 may be located away from the compressor 106 and connected to the compressor 106 by wiring. Further, the controller 110 is connected to a main power source (not shown) such as a commercial power source, and the main cold head 102 and the sub cold head 104 are connected to the main power source by the first feeder line 112a and the second feeder line 112b, respectively. Connecting. Therefore, the electric motor 103a of the main cold head 102 is fed through the first feeder line 112a, and the electric motor 105a of the sub cold head 104 is fed through the second feeder line 112b.
  • a main power source such as a commercial power source
  • the controller 110 activates the sub-cold head 104 for initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10 and stops the sub-cold head 104 based on the output of the first temperature sensor 40 or the second temperature sensor 42.
  • the main cold head 102 is operated with the sub cold head 104 stopped.
  • the controller 110 restarts the sub-cold head 104 based on the output of the first temperature sensor 40 or the second temperature sensor 42 while operating the main cold head 102 with the sub-cold head 104 stopped. It is configured to do.
  • the controller 110 is realized by elements and circuits such as a computer CPU and memory as a hardware configuration, and is realized by a computer program or the like as a software configuration, but in the figure, a function realized by coordinating them as appropriate. It is drawn as a block. Those skilled in the art will understand that these functional blocks can be realized in various forms by combining hardware and software.
  • the first temperature sensor 40 is installed on the radiation shield 14 as an example, but it may be installed on another part.
  • the first temperature sensor 40 is installed at the one-stage cooling stage 102a of the main cold head 102, the cooling stage 104a of the sub-cold head 104, or a portion cooled by these cooling stages (for example, a metal current lead 18a). May be good.
  • a plurality of first temperature sensors 40 may be installed in different places from each other.
  • the second temperature sensor 42 is installed in the superconducting coil 12 as an example, but may be installed in another portion.
  • the second temperature sensor 42 may be installed in the two-stage cooling stage 102b of the main cold head 102, or a portion cooled by the two-stage cooling stage 102b (for example, a superconducting current lead 18b).
  • a plurality of second temperature sensors 42 may be installed at different locations from each other.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a control method for initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10 according to the embodiment.
  • the control routine shown in FIG. 2 is executed by the controller 110 when the superconducting magnet device 10 is started.
  • the controller 110 may start this control routine in response to a command signal from a higher-level controller (for example, a controller that controls the superconducting magnet device 10).
  • the initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10 is the superconducting coil 12 from the ambient temperature (for example, room temperature) to the target cooling temperature (extremely low temperature below the superconducting transition temperature, for example, about 3 to 4K) when the superconducting magnet device 10 is started. It means to cool.
  • the controller 110 activates the sub-cold head 104 for initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10 (S10). That is, the controller 110 switches the electric motor 105a of the sub-cold head 104 from off to on, and operates the sub-cold head 104.
  • the controller 110 operates the compressor 106 before or at the same time when the sub cold head 104 is activated. In this way, the cryogenic refrigerator 100 starts cooling the radiation shield 14 by the sub-cold head 104.
  • the controller 110 receives a first sensor signal indicating the temperature measured by the first temperature sensor 40 from the first temperature sensor 40, and compares the measured temperature T1 of the first temperature sensor 40 with the target cooling temperature T1a (S12).
  • the target cooling temperature T1a may be a temperature at which the radiation shield 14 should be maintained in the steady operation of the superconducting magnet device 10, and may be selected from a temperature range of, for example, 30K to 80K (usually 30K to 50K). For example, it may be 40K.
  • the controller 110 keeps the electric motor 105a of the sub-cold head 104 on and operates the sub-cold head 104. In this way, the cooling of the radiation shield 14 by the sub-cold head 104 is continued. Then, the controller 110 compares the measured temperature T1 of the first temperature sensor 40 with the target cooling temperature T1a again (S12).
  • the controller 110 stops the sub cold head 104 (S14). That is, the controller 110 switches the electric motor 105a of the sub-cold head 104 from on to off, and stops the sub-cold head 104.
  • the controller 110 operates the main cold head 102 with the sub cold head 104 stopped. In this way, the cryogenic refrigerator 100 cools the superconducting coil 12 by the main cold head 102. Then, when the superconducting coil 12 is cooled to its target cooling temperature (for example, about 3K to 4K), the initial cooling is completed, and the superconducting magnet device 10 shifts to steady operation.
  • target cooling temperature for example, about 3K to 4K
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a temperature profile in the initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10 according to the embodiment.
  • the vertical and horizontal axes of FIG. 3 represent temperature and time, respectively.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the time change of the temperature T1 of the radiation shield 14 and the temperature T2 of the superconducting coil 12.
  • the initial values T0 of the temperature T1 of the radiation shield 14 and the temperature T2 of the superconducting coil 12 when the initial cooling is started are both, for example, 300K, and the target cooling temperatures of the radiation shield 14 and the superconducting coil 12 are, for example, 40K and 3.5K, respectively. Is.
  • the lower part of FIG. 3 shows an example of the on / off state of each cold head of the cryogenic refrigerator 100.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a case where the main cold head 102 is also activated when the controller 110 activates the sub cold head 104.
  • both the main cold head 102 and the sub cold head 104 operate until the temperature T1 of the radiation shield 14 reaches the target cooling temperature 40K.
  • the radiation shield 14 can be rapidly cooled by both the main cold head 102 and the sub cold head 104.
  • the sub-cold head 104 is stopped. At this time, the superconducting coil 12 can be cooled to a temperature lower than the target cooling temperature of the radiation shield 14, depending on the specifications of the superconducting magnet device 10. Alternatively, the superconducting coil 12 may not be as cold as the target cooling temperature of the radiation shield 14. In any case, when the cooling of the superconducting coil 12 by the main cold head 102 is continued and the temperature T2 of the superconducting coil 12 reaches the target cooling temperature of 3.5K, the initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10 is completed.
  • the superconducting magnet device 10 shifts to steady operation. Basically, in steady operation, the main cold head 102 operates with the sub cold head 104 stopped, and the radiation shield 14 and the superconducting coil 12 are maintained at their respective target cooling temperatures. In steady operation, an exciting current is supplied to the superconducting coil 12 through the current lead 18. As a result, the superconducting magnet device 10 can generate a strong magnetic field.
  • the superconducting magnet device 10 realizes a liquid helium-free superconducting coil cooling system.
  • the cryogenic refrigerator 100 the main cold head 102 and the sub cold head 104 are driven by a common compressor 106. That is, a plurality of cold heads can be operated by one compressor 106. Therefore, as compared with the typical configuration in which one cold head is operated by one compressor, the cryogenic refrigerator 100 according to the embodiment can reduce the number of compressors 106 and reduce the cost. Can be reduced.
  • the time required for the initial cooling can be shortened. If the cryogenic refrigerator 100 does not have the sub-cold head 104, the initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10 is performed only by the main cold head 102. In this case, the initial cooling typically takes a fairly long time, for example a few days or a week or more. On the other hand, by using the sub-cold head 104 for the initial cooling, the time required for cooling the radiation shield 14 can be remarkably reduced, for example, about half. As a result, the time required for the initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10 can be shortened by one day or several days.
  • the compressor 106 since the sub-cold head 104 is stopped when the initial cooling is completed, the compressor 106 does not have to supply the refrigerant gas to the sub-cold head 104 thereafter. More refrigerant gas can be supplied from the compressor 106 to the main cold head 102, and the refrigerating capacity of the main cold head 102 can be increased.
  • FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (c) are diagrams showing a modified example of the on / off timing of each cold head of the cryogenic refrigerator 100.
  • the main cold head 102 and the sub cold head 104 are activated at the same time, but the main cold head 102 may be activated at various timings.
  • the controller 110 may be configured to activate the main cold head 102 when the sub cold head 104 is stopped. That is, when the radiation shield 14 is cooled to the target cooling temperature, the cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10 may be switched from the sub-cold head 104 to the main cold head 102. In this way, since the main cold head 102 is initially stopped in the initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10, the refrigerant gas can be intensively supplied from the compressor 106 to only the sub cold head 104. The refrigerating capacity of the sub-cold head 104 can be increased, and the radiation shield 14 can be cooled faster.
  • the controller 110 may be configured to activate the main cold head 102 while operating the sub cold head. That is, the main cold head 102 may be activated while operating the sub cold head while the radiation shield 14 is being cooled toward the target cooling temperature. In this way, the refrigerating capacity of the sub-cold head 104 can be increased at the beginning of the initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10 as in the example of FIG. 4A. Further, the main cold head 102 can be activated while the radiation shield 14 is being cooled to the target cooling temperature, and the main cold head 102 can be precooled. It is possible to smoothly shift from the stop of the sub cold head 104 to the cooling of the superconducting coil 12 by the main cold head 102.
  • the controller 110 is configured to activate the main cold head before activating the sub cold head 104 (ie, with the sub cold head 104 stopped). You may. In this way, the superconducting coil 12 can be cooled preferentially.
  • the controller 110 is configured to stop the sub-cold head 104 based on the output of the first temperature sensor 40, but the sub-cold head 104 is based on the output of the second temperature sensor 42. May be configured to stop.
  • the controller 110 receives a second sensor signal indicating the temperature measured by the second temperature sensor 42 from the second temperature sensor 42, and even if the measured temperature of the second temperature sensor 42 is compared with the target cooling temperature of the radiation shield 14. good.
  • the controller 110 may stop the sub cold head 104.
  • the controller 110 may be configured to activate the main cold head 102 when the sub cold head 104 is activated, while the sub cold head 104 is operating, or when the sub cold head 104 is stopped.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a cooling control method in steady operation of the superconducting magnet device 10 according to the embodiment.
  • the control routine shown in FIG. 5 is executed by the controller 110 during steady operation of the superconducting magnet device 10.
  • the superconducting coil 12 and the radiation shield 14 are cooled to their respective target cooling temperatures by the main cold head 102.
  • the controller 110 receives a first sensor signal indicating the temperature measured by the first temperature sensor 40 from the first temperature sensor 40, and receives the measured temperature T1 of the first temperature sensor 40. Is compared with the alert temperature T1b (S20). For example, the measured temperature T1 of the first temperature sensor 40 may rise and deviate from the target cooling temperature T1a due to heat generation in the current lead 18 or other factors. Therefore, the warning temperature T1b is set as a temperature threshold value for detecting such a temperature rise.
  • the warning temperature T1b is set to a temperature value higher than the target cooling temperature T1a of the radiation shield 14, and may be selected from the range of, for example, 50K to 80K.
  • the warning temperature T1b can be appropriately set based on the empirical knowledge of the designer of the superconducting magnet device 10 or the experiment or simulation by the designer.
  • the controller 110 keeps the electric motor 103a of the main cold head 102 on and operates the main cold head 102. In this way, the cooling of the superconducting coil 12 and the radiation shield 14 by the main cold head 102 is continued. Then, the controller 110 compares the measured temperature of the first temperature sensor 40 with the warning temperature again (S20).
  • the controller 110 stops the main cold head 102 (S22). That is, the controller 110 switches the electric motor 103a of the main cold head 102 from on to off, and stops the main cold head 102. At this time, the controller 110 stops the main cold head 102 and at the same time activates the sub cold head 104. That is, the controller 110 switches the electric motor 105a of the sub-cold head 104 from off to on, and operates the sub-cold head 104.
  • the controller 110 receives a first sensor signal indicating the temperature measured by the first temperature sensor 40 from the first temperature sensor 40, and compares the measured temperature T1 of the first temperature sensor 40 with the target cooling temperature T1a (S24). When the measured temperature T1 of the first temperature sensor 40 exceeds the target cooling temperature T1a (N in S24), the controller 110 keeps the electric motor 105a of the sub-cold head 104 on and operates the sub-cold head 104. In this way, the cooling of the radiation shield 14 by the sub-cold head 104 is continued. Then, the controller 110 compares the measured temperature T1 of the first temperature sensor 40 with the target cooling temperature T1a again (S24).
  • the controller 110 stops the sub cold head 104 (S26). That is, the controller 110 switches the electric motor 105a of the sub-cold head 104 from on to off, and stops the sub-cold head 104. At this time, the controller 110 starts the main cold head 102 at the same time as stopping the sub cold head 104. That is, the controller 110 switches the electric motor 103a of the main cold head 102 from off to on, and operates the main cold head 102. In this way, the superconducting magnet device 10 returns to the original steady operation, that is, the cooling of the superconducting coil 12 and the radiation shield 14 by the main cold head 102.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a temperature profile in steady operation of the superconducting magnet device 10 according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows the time change of the temperature of the radiation shield 14. Further, the lower part of FIG. 6 shows an example of the on / off state of each cold head of the cryogenic refrigerator 100.
  • the radiation shield 14 should be maintained at the target cooling temperature T1a during steady operation, but the temperature may rise for some reason.
  • the main cold head 102 is stopped and the sub cold head 104 is driven.
  • the radiation shield 14 is cooled by the sub-cold head 104.
  • the sub cold head 104 is stopped and the main cold head 102 is started again. In this way, the superconducting magnet device 10 returns to steady operation.
  • the sub cold head 104 outputs the output of the first temperature sensor 40. Will be restarted based on. As a result, the temperature rise of the radiation shield 14 can be suppressed by cooling the sub-cold head 104, and the operation of the superconducting magnet device 10 can be continued.
  • the main cold head 102 is stopped. Since the main cold head 102 is stopped, the compressor 106 does not have to supply the refrigerant gas to the main cold head 102 thereafter. More refrigerant gas can be supplied from the compressor 106 to the sub-cold head 104, and the refrigerating capacity of the sub-cold head 104 can be increased.
  • the main cold head 102 has already been cooled to an extremely low temperature. The density of the refrigerant gas is considerably smaller than that at room temperature at extremely low temperatures. This means that a considerable amount of refrigerant gas is accumulated or absorbed in the main cold head 102 as the main cold head 102 is operated.
  • the flow rate of the refrigerant gas circulating in the cryogenic refrigerator 100 decreases, and the flow rate of the refrigerant gas supplied from the compressor 106 also decreases.
  • not supplying the refrigerant gas to the main cold head 102 by temporarily stopping the main cold head 102 secures the flow rate of the refrigerant gas supplied from the compressor 106 to the sub cold head 104.
  • Useful for. In this way, the refrigerating capacity of the sub-cold head 104 can be increased, and the radiation shield 14 can be cooled rapidly.
  • the controller 110 may start the sub-cold head 104 while operating the main cold head 102, instead of stopping the main cold head 102 when the sub-cold head 104 is started again. For example, the controller 110 may continue the operation of the main cold head 102 based on the output of the second temperature sensor 42.
  • the controller 110 may receive a second sensor signal indicating the temperature measured by the second temperature sensor 42 from the second temperature sensor 42, and compare the measured temperature of the second temperature sensor 42 with the warning temperature of the superconducting coil 12. ..
  • the warning temperature of the superconducting coil 12 is higher than the target cooling temperature of the superconducting coil 12, and may be selected from a temperature range of, for example, 5K to 8K.
  • the controller 110 uses the main cold head 102 as described above. May be stopped and the sub cold head 104 may be activated.
  • the controller 110 may temporarily stop the main cold head 102 when the sub cold head 104 is restarted, and restart the main cold head 102 while operating the sub cold head 104.
  • the controller 110 may restart the main cold head 102 based on the output of the second temperature sensor 42 while operating the sub cold head 104.
  • the controller 110 may receive a second sensor signal indicating the temperature measured by the second temperature sensor 42 from the second temperature sensor 42, and compare the measured temperature of the second temperature sensor 42 with the warning temperature of the superconducting coil 12. .. If the measured temperature of the second temperature sensor 42 exceeds the warning temperature of the superconducting coil 12, the controller 110 may restart the main cold head 102 while operating the sub cold head 104.
  • the electric motor 103a of the main cold head 102 and the electric motor 105a of the sub-cold head 104 both operate at a fixed constant rotation speed, but the present invention is limited to this.
  • An inverter may be mounted on at least one of the drive unit 103 of the main cold head 102 and the drive unit 105 of the sub cold head 104, whereby the rotation speed of at least one of the electric motor 103a and the electric motor 105a is variable. May be. Utilizing this, the accelerated cooling function may be provided to at least one of the main cold head 102 and the sub cold head 104.
  • the controller 110 may control the rotation speed of at least one of the electric motor 103a and the electric motor 105a based on the output of the first temperature sensor 40 or the second temperature sensor 42. For example, the controller 110 may increase the number of revolutions of at least one of the electric motor 103a and the electric motor 105a as the temperature measured by the first temperature sensor 40 or the second temperature sensor 42 increases. At this time, the controller 110 may control the compressor main body 106a so as to increase the flow rate of the refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 106.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a modified example of the cryogenic refrigerator 100 according to the embodiment.
  • the branch pipe 108 may be provided with a shutoff valve.
  • a first shutoff valve 114a and a second shutoff valve 114b are provided in each of the two branch pipes of the high pressure side pipe 108a of the branch pipe 108, and a third branch pipe of the low pressure side pipe 108b of the branch pipe 108 is provided.
  • a shutoff valve 114c and a fourth shutoff valve 114d are provided.
  • the first shutoff valve 114a is provided in one branch pipe of the high pressure side pipe 108a that connects the high pressure port 103b of the main cold head 102 to the branch point 116 of the high pressure side pipe 108a, and the second shutoff valve 114b is a sub.
  • the high pressure port 105b of the cold head 104 is provided in the other branch pipe of the high pressure side pipe 108a connecting the high pressure side pipe 108a to the branch point 116.
  • the third shutoff valve 114c is provided in one branch pipe of the low pressure side pipe 108b that connects the low pressure port 103c of the main cold head 102 to the confluence point 118 of the low pressure side pipe 108b, and the fourth shutoff valve 114d is a sub.
  • the low pressure port 105c of the cold head 104 is provided in the other branch pipe of the low pressure side pipe 108b that connects to the confluence 118 of the low pressure side pipe 108b.
  • the controller 110 may be configured to open and close these shutoff valves in synchronization with the on / off of the main cold head 102 and the on / off of the sub cold head 104.
  • the first shutoff valve 114a and the third shutoff valve 114c are opened during the operation of the main cold head 102, and the first shutoff valve 114a and the third shutoff valve 114c are closed while the main cold head 102 is stopped.
  • the second shutoff valve 114b and the fourth shutoff valve 114d are opened, and while the subcold head 104 is stopped, the second shutoff valve 114b and the fourth shutoff valve 114d are closed.
  • These shutoff valves may be manually opened and closed in synchronization with the on / off of the main cold head 102 and the on / off of the sub cold head 104.
  • the cold head can be reliably separated from the compressor 106 when any of the cold heads is stopped. This prevents the refrigerant gas from being consumed by the stopped cold head, and can supply more refrigerant gas to the operating cold head.
  • shutoff valves are provided, but the branch pipe 108 may be provided with a smaller number of shutoff valves.
  • the branch pipe 108 may be provided with a smaller number of shutoff valves.
  • the branch pipe 108 may be provided with a smaller number of shutoff valves.
  • the branch pipe 108 may be provided with a smaller number of shutoff valves.
  • the branch pipe 108 may be provided with a smaller number of shutoff valves.
  • the branch pipe 108 may be provided with a smaller number of shutoff valves.
  • the branch pipe 108 may be provided with a smaller number of shutoff valves.
  • the branch pipe 108 may be provided with a smaller number of shutoff valves.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a modified example of the sub-cold head 104 of the cryogenic refrigerator 100 according to the embodiment.
  • the cryogenic refrigerator 100 may further include a thermal switch 120 configured to bring the sub-cold head 104 into thermal contact with or release the thermal contact with the radiation shield 14.
  • the drive unit 105 of the sub-cold head 104 is mounted on the vacuum vessel 16 via a movable support structure 122 such as a vacuum bellows.
  • the cryogenic refrigerator 100 may include a drive mechanism 124 that allows the sub-cold head 104 to move in the axial direction.
  • the drive mechanism 124 is configured to move the sub-cold head 104 to push it into the vacuum vessel 16 or to pull the sub-cold head 104 out of the vacuum vessel 16.
  • the drive mechanism 124 may have an appropriate drive source such as hydraulic, pneumatic, electric motor, and electromagnet.
  • the sub cold head 104 may be manually moved up and down.
  • the cooling stage 104a of the sub-cold head 104 can be physically brought into contact with the radiation shield 14, and the sub-cold head 104 can be brought into thermal contact with the radiation shield 14. That is, the heat switch 120 is turned on.
  • the cooling stage 104a of the sub-cold head 104 is separated from the radiation shield 14, and the thermal contact between the sub-cold head 104 and the radiation shield 14 is released. That is, the heat switch 120 is turned off.
  • the controller 110 may be configured to control the on / off of the thermal switch 120 in synchronization with the on / off of the sub cold head 104.
  • the drive mechanism 124 is controlled to turn on the heat switch 120, and while the sub-cold head 104 is stopped, the drive mechanism 124 is controlled to turn off the heat switch 120. May be good.
  • the sub-cold head 104 is used for initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device 10, but is basically stopped during steady operation unless a temperature rise of a component of the superconducting magnet device 10 such as the radiation shield 14 is detected. ..
  • the sub-cold head 104 forms a heat transfer path from the drive unit 105 in the ambient environment to the cooling stage 104a in the vacuum vessel 16 while stopped.
  • the sub-cold head 104 can be thermally separated from the radiation shield 14 while the sub-cold head 104 is stopped. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the heat entering the radiation shield 14 from the surrounding environment through the sub-cold head 104.
  • the heat switch 120 is not limited to the method of switching on / off by mechanically moving the sub-cold head 104 as described above, and may be a heat switch of another type.
  • the heat switch 120 may be configured by, for example, a heat pipe or the like.
  • the cooling stage 104a of the sub-cold head 104 and the radiation shield 14 may be connected via a pressure-adjustable gas chamber. When the gas chamber is high pressure, the cooling stage 104a and the radiation shield 14 are in thermal contact with the gas in the gas chamber as a medium, and when the gas chamber is low pressure or vacuum, the thermal contact between the cooling stage 104a and the radiation shield 14 is released.
  • NS the thermal contact between the cooling stage 104a and the radiation shield 14 is released.
  • the cryogenic refrigerator 100 may further include an additional sub-cold head 130 in addition to the main cold head 102 and the sub-cold head 104.
  • An additional sub-cold head 130 is detachably connected to the compressor 106 and the branch pipe 108.
  • the vacuum vessel 16 can be fitted with an additional sub-cold head 130 and is provided with a mounting sleeve 132 thermally coupled to the radiation shield 14.
  • an additional sub-cold head 130 is mounted on the mounting sleeve 132, and the compressor 106 and the branch pipe are mounted. Connected to 108.
  • the cooling stage 130a of the additional sub-cold head 130 is thermally coupled to the radiation shield 14 via the mounting sleeve 132. In this way, the cryogenic refrigerator 100 can cool the radiant shield 14 with two sub-cold heads. Therefore, the time required for initial cooling can be further shortened.
  • the additional sub-cold head 130 is removed from the mounting sleeve 132 and evacuated. It is removed from the container 16. The additional sub-cold head 130 is also removed from the compressor 106 and the branch pipe 108. When the additional sub-cold head 130 is not mounted, the mounting sleeve 132 may be sealed with a lid 134.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a modified example of the superconducting magnet device 10 according to the embodiment.
  • the superconducting magnet device 10 shown in FIG. 10 is a helium-saving type device that cools the superconducting coil 12 by circulating a small amount of liquid helium. Therefore, the superconducting magnet device 10 includes a cryogenic refrigerant circuit 20 for cooling the superconducting coil 12, and the cryogenic refrigerant circuit 20 constitutes a superconducting coil cooling system together with the cryogenic refrigerator 100.
  • the cryogenic refrigerator 100 includes a main cold head 102, a sub cold head 104, and a compressor 106, as in the above-described embodiment.
  • the cryogenic refrigerant circuit 20 has a cryogenic refrigerant pipe 21 arranged on the surface and / or inside of the superconducting coil 12, and is superconducted by heat exchange between the cryogenic refrigerant flowing through the cryogenic refrigerant pipe 21 and the superconducting coil 12. 12 is cooled.
  • the cryogenic refrigerant is liquid helium.
  • the cryogenic refrigerant may be high-pressure helium gas enclosed in the cryogenic refrigerant circuit 20.
  • the cryogenic refrigerant circuit 20 has a cryogenic refrigerant recondensing chamber 22.
  • the recondensing chamber 22 is cooled to, for example, about 3 to 4K by the main cold head 102.
  • the recondensing chamber 22 is configured to store the liquid refrigerant inside, and the wall of the recondensing chamber 22 is provided with a recondensing portion thermally coupled to the two-stage cooling stage 102b of the main cold head 102.
  • the recondensing portion may have fins or irregularities inside the recondensing chamber 22 in order to increase the surface area in contact with the liquid refrigerant.
  • the recondensing chamber 22 is connected to the inlet 21a of the cryogenic refrigerant pipe 21 by the supply pipe 23.
  • the cryogenic refrigerant recondensed in the recondensing chamber 22 is supplied to the cryogenic refrigerant pipe 21 through the supply pipe 23.
  • the outlet 21b of the cryogenic refrigerant pipe 21 is connected to the recondensing chamber 22 by the return pipe 24.
  • the cryogenic refrigerant vaporized by cooling the superconducting coil 12 returns from the cryogenic refrigerant pipe 21 to the recondensing chamber 22 through the return pipe 24 and is recondensed.
  • a buffer volume 25 (for example, a helium gas tank) accommodating the vaporized cryogenic refrigerant may be connected to the return pipe 24.
  • the superconducting magnet device 10 realizes a helium-saving superconducting coil cooling system.
  • immersion cooling in which the entire superconducting coil is immersed in liquid helium for cooling, for example, 1000 liters or more of liquid helium is used.
  • this helium-saving cooling system less than 50 liters of liquid helium circulating in the cryogenic refrigerant circuit 20 is sufficient, for example.
  • the main cold head 102 is not limited to the two-stage type.
  • the main cold head 102 may be a multi-stage cold head such as a three-stage cold head, or may be a single-stage cold head if the required freezing performance can be realized. It is not essential that the main cold head 102 is thermally coupled to the radiation shield 14, and the main cold head 102 may be disconnected from the radiation shield 14.
  • the sub-cold head 104 is not limited to the single-stage type.
  • the sub-cold head 104 may be a multi-stage cold head such as a two-stage type.
  • the cryogenic refrigerator 100 is not limited to the GM refrigerator.
  • the cryogenic refrigerator 100 may be a pulse tube refrigerator, a Stirling refrigerator, or another type of cryogenic refrigerator.
  • the present invention can be used in the fields of superconducting magnet devices, cryogenic refrigerators, and cooling methods for superconducting magnet devices.
  • cryogenic refrigerant circuit 21 cryogenic refrigerant piping, 40 1st temperature sensor, 42 2nd temperature sensor, 100 cryogenic refrigerator, 102 main cold head, 104 sub Cold head, 106 compressor, 110 controller.

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PCT/JP2021/011607 2020-04-23 2021-03-22 超電導磁石装置、極低温冷凍機、および超電導磁石装置の冷却方法 Ceased WO2021215168A1 (ja)

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JP2022516900A JP7319462B2 (ja) 2020-04-23 2021-03-22 超電導磁石装置、および超電導磁石装置の冷却方法
EP21792992.6A EP4141347A4 (en) 2020-04-23 2021-03-22 SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET DEVICE, CRYOGENIC FREEZING MACHINE, AND COOLING METHOD FOR SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET DEVICE
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