WO2021208474A1 - 扬声器振膜以及发声装置 - Google Patents

扬声器振膜以及发声装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021208474A1
WO2021208474A1 PCT/CN2020/136288 CN2020136288W WO2021208474A1 WO 2021208474 A1 WO2021208474 A1 WO 2021208474A1 CN 2020136288 W CN2020136288 W CN 2020136288W WO 2021208474 A1 WO2021208474 A1 WO 2021208474A1
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Prior art keywords
rubber
diaphragm
speaker diaphragm
foamed
speaker
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PCT/CN2020/136288
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
惠冰
凌风光
李春
刘春发
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021208474A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021208474A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/12—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising natural rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/14—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising synthetic rubber copolymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/16—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising polydienes homopolymers or poly-halodienes homopolymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/18—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising butyl or halobutyl rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H04R7/10—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising superposed layers in contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/122—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H04R7/125—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising a plurality of superposed layers in contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0207—Materials belonging to B32B25/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/72—Density
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2231/00—Details of apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor covered by H04R31/00, not provided for in its subgroups
    • H04R2231/001—Moulding aspects of diaphragm or surround
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/025—Diaphragms comprising polymeric materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electro-acoustic conversion, and more specifically, to a speaker diaphragm and a sound generating device.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new technical solution for the speaker diaphragm.
  • a speaker diaphragm includes a film layer made of foamed rubber; wherein, the foamed rubber is a foam prepared by a rubber foaming method, and the glass transition temperature of the foamed rubber is ⁇ -10°C .
  • the rubber is EPDM, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, ethylene-acrylate rubber, acrylate rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, natural rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, polyurethane rubber, isoprene rubber , At least one of butadiene rubber, vinyl acetate rubber, polysulfide rubber and fluorine rubber.
  • the foaming method uses a foaming agent, which is selected from foaming microbeads, azo compounds, nitroso compounds, inorganic compounds and hydrazine, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and butane At least one.
  • a foaming agent which is selected from foaming microbeads, azo compounds, nitroso compounds, inorganic compounds and hydrazine, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and butane At least one.
  • the elongation at break of the foamed rubber is ⁇ 100%.
  • the tensile strength of the foamed rubber is 0.1-50 MPa.
  • the foam rubber has a density of 0.1/cm 3 -1.2 g/cm 3 and a porosity of 10%-90%.
  • the addition amount of the foaming agent is 0.1 wt% to 20 wt%, and the cell size of the foam rubber is 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m,
  • the elastic recovery rate of the film layer after 10% strain is ⁇ 80%.
  • an adhesive layer is further included. Under a 180° peel test, the adhesive force between the film layer and the adhesive layer is greater than 50 g/25 mm.
  • the thickness of the film layer is 50 ⁇ m-2000 ⁇ m.
  • the speaker diaphragm is a single-layer diaphragm, and the single-layer diaphragm is composed of a layer of foamed rubber film.
  • the diaphragm is a composite diaphragm, and the composite diaphragm includes two, three, four, or five layers, and the composite diaphragm includes at least one foamed rubber film layer.
  • the generating device includes a main body of a sounding device and the above-mentioned speaker diaphragm, and the speaker diaphragm is arranged on the main body of the sounding device.
  • the foamed rubber has air bubbles uniformly distributed inside the material, so that the overall density of the material is reduced, and the weight of the diaphragm of the same size is reduced. This allows the material to have better resilience, greater amplitude, and less likely to deform the speaker diaphragm due to its own weight.
  • Fig. 1 is a test curve (ie, SPL curve) of loudness at different frequencies between a speaker diaphragm and a conventional rubber diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is a test curve of harmonic distortion between a speaker diaphragm and a conventional rubber diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a speaker diaphragm is provided.
  • the speaker diaphragm is used for large speakers, such as horn devices.
  • the speaker diaphragm can be, but not limited to, a cone or a flat plate shape.
  • the speaker diaphragm includes a film layer made of foam rubber.
  • the foamed rubber is a foam prepared by a rubber foaming method, and the glass transition temperature of the foamed rubber is ⁇ -10°C.
  • the glass transition temperature of the film layer is ⁇ -10°C.
  • the glass transition temperature enables the loudspeaker diaphragm to maintain a high elastic state at room temperature, and has good resilience.
  • the glass transition temperature of the film layer is -80°C to -30°C. This allows the speaker diaphragm to always maintain better elasticity when the temperature is lower than -20°C, so that the sound generating device exhibits higher sound quality. At the same time, the risk of damage to the speaker diaphragm in a low temperature environment is reduced, and the reliability is higher.
  • the foam rubber has air bubbles evenly distributed inside the material, so the overall density of the material is reduced, and the weight of the diaphragm of the same size is reduced. This allows the material to have better resilience, greater amplitude, and less likely to deform the speaker diaphragm due to its own weight.
  • the foaming method includes a chemical foaming method or a physical foaming method.
  • the chemical foaming method refers to a method of using a chemical method to generate gas to foam an elastomer material (for example, rubber).
  • the chemical foaming agent added to the elastomer material decomposes after heating, thereby releasing gas, which forms bubbles during the elastomer molding process; it can also be released by chemical reactions between different components of the elastomer material
  • the emitted gas is foamed during the molding process of the elastomer material.
  • the physical foaming method refers to a method in which bubbles are formed in the material during the material molding process through the physical change of the foaming agent added to the material.
  • the physical foaming method does not affect the chemical properties and molecular structure of the elastomer material, and can form uniform bubbles in the material.
  • the rubber is EPDM, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, ethylene-acrylate rubber, acrylate rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, natural rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, polyurethane rubber, isoprene rubber , At least one of butadiene rubber, vinyl acetate rubber, polysulfide rubber and fluorine rubber. All of the above materials can form a foam, and the bubbles of the foam are uniform.
  • the speaker diaphragm is a single-layer diaphragm, and the single-layer diaphragm is composed of a layer of foamed rubber film.
  • the diaphragm is a composite diaphragm, and the composite diaphragm includes two, three, four or five diaphragms, and the composite diaphragm includes at least one foamed rubber diaphragm.
  • the foaming method uses a foaming agent.
  • the foaming agent is at least one of foamed microbeads, azo compounds, nitroso compounds, inorganic compounds, hydrazine, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and butane. All of the above foaming agents can form uniform bubbles in the rubber material.
  • physical foaming is a supercritical foaming method to form a foam.
  • a foaming agent such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen in a supercritical state into a closed container, so that the foaming agent and the molten copolymer are sufficiently uniformly mixed and diffused to form a single-phase mixed sol;
  • the sol is introduced into the mold cavity or the extrusion die, so that the sol generates a large pressure drop, so that the gas is precipitated to form a large number of bubble nuclei.
  • the bubble core inside the sol continuously grows and forms, and finally a foam is obtained.
  • foamed microbeads are hollow micron-sized spheres, and their material is resin or the like.
  • the foamed microbeads are mixed into the rubber raw material and mixed uniformly.
  • the rubber material is introduced into the mold cavity; next, the mold cavity is heated, and at a set temperature, the foamed microspheres expand in volume after being heated to form micropores in the rubber material.
  • the size of the foamed microbeads is 0.05 ⁇ m-100 ⁇ m.
  • the initial temperature of expanded microspheres is 90-230°C.
  • the foamed microbeads When the size of the foamed microbeads is large, the uniformity of their dispersion in the rubber material becomes poor, resulting in uneven cells. In this size range, the foamed microbeads have good dispersibility and can be uniformly dispersed in the rubber material.
  • the size of the foamed microbeads is 0.05 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m, and the foamed microbeads are easier to be dispersed.
  • the expansion temperature is much lower than the vulcanization temperature of the rubber material, which will cause the size of the internal cells of the rubber material to be small or even non-existent during the molding process.
  • the initial expansion temperature of the foamed microbeads should be close to, or even the same as, the vulcanization temperature of the rubber material, so as to ensure that the foamed microbeads can form cells.
  • foaming method is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs.
  • the size of the formed cells is 10 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m. Within this range, the bubbles can effectively reduce the density of the rubber material and maintain good structural strength, resilience and temperature resistance.
  • the size of the cells is 20 ⁇ m-200 ⁇ m. Within this range, the physical properties of the rubber material are better.
  • the size of the bubbles has a positive correlation with the content of the blowing agent.
  • the content of foaming agent is small, the arrangement of bubbles and bubbles is loose, the bubble wall is thicker, and the change of bubble size is small; when the content of foaming agent is high, the bubbles are closely arranged, the bubble wall becomes thin, and the bubbles appear.
  • the fusion between the bubbles causes the bubble size to increase and the density to decrease.
  • the elongation at break of the foamed rubber is ⁇ 100%. Therefore, the speaker diaphragm is not prone to reliability problems such as membrane rupture in the use of the module.
  • the elongation at break of the foam rubber is ⁇ 100%, which makes the vibration displacement of the speaker diaphragm larger and louder. And the reliability and durability are good, and the flexibility of the material is better. The greater the elongation at break, the stronger the ability of the speaker diaphragm to resist damage.
  • the elongation at break of the foamed rubber is ⁇ 150%, which makes the vibration displacement of the speaker diaphragm larger and louder.
  • the tensile strength of the foamed rubber is 0.1 MPa-50 MPa.
  • the tensile strength foam material makes the speaker diaphragm have good durability.
  • the foam rubber has a density of 0.1/cm 3 -1.2 g/cm 3 and a porosity of 10%-90%.
  • a too low density leads to a lower mechanical strength of the material, and it is easy to crack during use and difficult to meet the needs of use.
  • foaming has good mechanical properties and good resilience.
  • the density of the foamed rubber is 0.1/cm 3 -1.1 g/cm 3 . This allows the foamed rubber diaphragm to have a smaller mass than the rubber diaphragm under the same size, so that the sound device exhibits a higher loudness.
  • Fig. 1 is a test curve (ie, SPL curve) of loudness at different frequencies between a speaker diaphragm and a conventional rubber diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the abscissa is the frequency, the unit: Hz; the ordinate is the loudness, the unit: dB.
  • the solid line (curve A in FIG. 1) is the test curve of the speaker diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the dotted line (curve B in Figure 1) is the test curve of a conventional rubber diaphragm. Both diaphragms are folded ring diaphragms with the same size.
  • the added amount of the foaming agent is 0.1wt%-20wt%
  • the cell size of the foamed rubber is 10 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m, wherein the cell size refers to the largest cell The distance between the two points.
  • Table 1 shows the relationship between the mass content of the foamed microbeads, the size of the cells and the density of the foamed rubber.
  • the elastic recovery rate of the film layer after 10% strain is ⁇ 80%. Due to the good resilience of the speaker diaphragm, the sound generating device has a better transient response and lower distortion.
  • the diaphragm made of foam rubber has a wider elastic area, and the strain occurs in this area.
  • the material has excellent resilience. In this way, the speaker diaphragm is in the vibration process. , Less rocking vibration, better sound quality and listening stability of the sounding device.
  • Fig. 2 is a test curve of harmonic distortion between a speaker diaphragm and a conventional rubber diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the abscissa is frequency, the unit is Hz; the ordinate is THD.
  • the solid line is the test curve of the speaker diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the dotted line is the test curve of a conventional rubber diaphragm (non-foamed diaphragm). Both diaphragms are cones and have the same size.
  • the total harmonic distortion of the speaker diaphragm of the embodiment of the present disclosure is basically the same as that of the conventional rubber folding ring, and there is no spike or the like. This shows that, while the quality of the speaker diaphragm of the embodiment of the present disclosure is reduced, the anti-polarization ability is not reduced, and the sound quality is still relatively excellent.
  • the speaker diaphragm further includes an adhesive layer.
  • the adhesive force between the film layer and the adhesive layer is greater than 50 g/25 mm. Within this range, the overall strength and durability of the speaker diaphragm are significantly improved.
  • the adhesive force between the film layer and the adhesive layer is greater than 100 g/25 mm (180° peeling).
  • the high adhesion force makes the speaker diaphragm and the cone in the vibration process good coordination and consistency, the sound quality is pure, and the speaker diaphragm still maintains the original state after long time vibration, and the performance stability is high. .
  • the thickness of the film layer is 50 ⁇ m-2000 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the film layer is 100 ⁇ m-1200 ⁇ m. In this enclosure, the overall performance of the speaker diaphragm is more excellent.
  • a sound emitting device includes a sounding device main body and the above-mentioned speaker diaphragm, and the speaker diaphragm is arranged on the sounding device main body.
  • the sound device is a horn device.
  • the sound generating device has the characteristics of high loudness, high sensitivity, low distortion and good durability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

一种扬声器振膜以及发声装置，所述扬声器振膜包括发泡橡胶制成的膜层；其中，所述发泡橡胶为橡胶通过发泡法制备而成的发泡体，所述发泡橡胶的玻璃化转变温度≤-10℃。所述发声装置包括发声装置主体和上述的扬声器振膜，所述扬声器振膜设置在所述发声装置主体上。发泡橡胶由于在材料的内部均匀地分布有气泡，故使得材料的整体密度降低，相同尺寸的振膜的重量降低。这使得材料的回弹性能更好，振幅更大、更不易因自身的重量导致扬声器振膜发生形变。

Description

扬声器振膜以及发声装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电声转换技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种扬声器振膜以及发声装置。
背景技术
现有扬声器振膜多采用橡胶膜层(例如NBR、IIR等)或者柔软的聚氨酯泡棉膜层。但是，上述材料的综合性能较差，例如密度大、耐热性能差、弹性回复率低等，导致扬声器振膜的响度低、高低温循环可靠性余量小。这种扬声器振膜无法满足扬声器的高功率化、防水以及高音质的要求。
因此，需要提供一种新的技术方案，以解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种扬声器振膜的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种扬声器振膜。所述扬声器振膜包括发泡橡胶制成的膜层；其中，所述发泡橡胶为橡胶通过发泡法制备而成的发泡体，所述发泡橡胶的玻璃化转变温度≤-10℃。
可选地，所述橡胶为三元乙丙橡胶、氢化丁腈橡胶、乙烯-丙烯酸酯橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶、丁苯橡胶、天然橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁基橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、异戊橡胶、顺丁橡胶、醋酸乙烯酯橡胶、聚硫橡胶和氟橡胶中的至少一种。
可选地，所述发泡法采用发泡剂，所述发泡剂为发泡微珠、偶氮化合物、亚硝基化合物、无机系化合物和联胺类、二氧化碳、氮气和丁烷中的至少一种。
可选地，所述发泡橡胶的断裂伸长率≥100％。
可选地，所述发泡橡胶的拉伸强度0.1-50MPa。
可选地，所述发泡橡胶的密度0.1/cm 3-1.2g/cm 3，孔隙率为10％-90％。
可选地，在所述发泡橡胶中，所述发泡剂的添加量为0.1wt％-20wt％，发泡橡胶的泡孔的尺寸为10μm-300μm，
可选地，所述膜层在10％应变后的弹性回复率≥80％。
可选地，还包括胶层，在180°剥离测试下，所述膜层与所述胶层之间的粘接力大于50g/25mm。
可选地，所述膜层的厚度为50μm-2000μm。
可选地，扬声器振膜为单层振膜，所述单层振膜采用一层发泡橡胶膜层构成。
或者，所述振膜为复合振膜，所述复合振膜包括两层、三层、四层或五层膜层，所述复合振膜至少包括一层发泡橡胶膜层。
根据本公开的第二方面，提供了一种发声装置。该发生装置包括发声装置主体和上述的扬声器振膜，所述扬声器振膜设置在所述发声装置主体上。
根据本公开的一个实施例，发泡橡胶由于在材料的内部均匀地分布有气泡，故使得材料的整体密度降低，相同尺寸的振膜的重量降低。这使得材料的回弹性能更好，振幅更大、更不易因自身的重量导致扬声器振膜发生形变。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是根据本公开的一个实施例的扬声器振膜与常规的橡胶振膜不同频率下响度的测试曲线(即SPL曲线)。
图2是根据本公开的一个实施例的扬声器振膜与常规的橡胶振膜的谐波失真测试曲线。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
根据本公开的一个实施例，提供了一种扬声器振膜。扬声器振膜用于大型扬声器，例如喇叭装置。扬声器振膜可以是但不限于锥形或者平板形。
该扬声器振膜包括发泡橡胶制成的膜层。
其中，所述发泡橡胶为橡胶通过发泡法制备而成的发泡体，所述发泡橡胶的玻璃化转变温度≤-10℃。
玻璃化转变温度越高，分子链段的刚性越大，材料弹性回复率越差。在本公开实施例中，所述膜层的玻璃化转变温度≤-10℃。该玻璃化转变温度使得该扬声器振膜在常温下能够保持高弹态，回弹性良好。
优选地，所述膜层的玻璃化转变温度为-80℃—-30℃。该这使得在低于-20℃时，在工作时，扬声器振膜可以一直保持较好的弹性，从而使得发声装置表现出较高的音质。同时，降低了在低温环境中扬声器振膜破坏的风险，可靠性更高。
发泡橡胶由于在材料的内部均匀地分布有气泡，故使得材料的整体密度降低，相同尺寸的振膜的重量降低。这使得材料的回弹性能更好，振幅 更大、更不易因自身的重量导致扬声器振膜发生形变。
发泡法包括化学发泡法或者物理发泡法。其中，化学发泡法是指利用化学方法产生气体来使弹性体材料(例如橡胶)发泡的方法。加入弹性体材料中的化学发泡剂加热后发生分解，从而释放出气体，该气体在弹性体成型过程中形成气泡；也可以是，利用弹性体材料的不同组分之间相互发生化学反应释放出的气体而在弹性体材料成型过程中进行发泡。
物理发泡法是指通过材料中加入的发泡剂的物理变化，在材料成型过程中使材料内形成气泡的方法。物理发泡法不会对弹性体材料的化学性能、分子结构造成影响，并且能够在材料的内部形成均匀地气泡。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择发泡方法和发泡剂。
可选地，所述橡胶为三元乙丙橡胶、氢化丁腈橡胶、乙烯-丙烯酸酯橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶、丁苯橡胶、天然橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁基橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、异戊橡胶、顺丁橡胶、醋酸乙烯酯橡胶、聚硫橡胶和氟橡胶中的至少一种。上述材料均能形成发泡体，并且发泡体的气泡均匀。
可选地，扬声器振膜为单层振膜，所述单层振膜采用一层发泡橡胶膜层构成。
或者，所述振膜为复合振膜，所述复合振膜包括两层、三层、四层或五层膜层，所述复合振膜至少包括一层发泡橡胶膜层。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要设置振膜的层数。
在一个例子中，所述发泡法采用发泡剂。所述发泡剂为发泡微珠、偶氮化合物、亚硝基化合物、无机系化合物和联胺类、二氧化碳、氮气和丁烷中的至少一种。上述发泡剂均能在橡胶材料内形成均匀的气泡。
例如，物理发泡为超临界发泡的方式形成发泡体。在制备时，首先，将超临界状态的二氧化碳或氮气等发泡剂注入到密闭容器中，使发泡剂与熔融态共聚物充分均匀混合、扩散后，形成单相混合溶胶；然后，将该溶胶导入模具型腔或挤出口模，使溶胶产生大的压力降，从而使气体析出，以形成大量的气泡核。在随后的冷却成型过程中，溶胶内部的气泡核不断长大成型，最终获得发泡体。
还可以是，采用发泡微珠。发泡微珠为中空的微米级球体，其材质为 树脂等。在制备时，首先，发泡微珠被混合到橡胶原料中，并混合均匀。然后，橡胶原料被导入模具型腔内；接下来，对模具型腔进行加热，在设定的温度下，发泡微珠受热后体积膨胀，在橡胶材料中形成微孔。发泡微珠的尺寸为0.05μm-100μm。发泡微珠受热膨胀初始温度为90-230℃。在发泡微珠的尺寸较大时，其在橡胶材料中分散均匀性变差，造成泡孔不均匀。在该尺寸范围内发泡微珠的分散性良好，能够均匀地分散在橡胶材料中。
进一步地，发泡微珠的尺寸为0.05μm-50μm，发泡微珠更容易被分散。
例如，膨胀温度远低于橡胶材料的硫化温度会造成在模压过程中，橡胶材料内部泡孔的尺寸较小甚至不存在泡孔的现象。优选地，发泡微珠的初始膨胀温度应与橡胶材料的硫化温度接近，甚至相同，从而保证发泡微珠能够形成泡孔。
当然，发泡的方式不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择。
例如，形成的泡孔的尺寸为10μm-300μm，在该范围内，气泡能有效地降低橡胶材料的密度，并保持良好的结构强度、回弹性能和耐温性。
进一步地，泡孔的尺寸为20μm-200μm。在该范围内，橡胶材料的物理性能更加良好。
气泡的尺寸与发泡剂的含量具有正相关性。当发泡剂含量较少时，气泡与气泡排列疏松，气泡壁较厚，气泡尺寸变化较小；当发泡剂含量较高时，气泡之间紧密排列，气泡壁变薄，并且出现气泡之间的融合，导致气泡尺寸增大，密度降低。
在一个例子中，所述发泡橡胶的断裂伸长率≥100％。则扬声器振膜在模组使用中，不易出现破膜等可靠性问题。
此外，发泡橡胶的断裂伸长率≥100％，这使得扬声器振膜的振动位移更大，响度更大。并且可靠性、耐用性良好，材料的柔韧性越好。断裂伸长率越大，则扬声器振膜抵抗破坏的能力越强。
进一步地，所述发泡橡胶的断裂伸长率≥150％，这使得扬声器振膜的振动位移更大，响度更大。
在一个例子中，所述发泡橡胶的拉伸强度0.1MPa-50MPa。该拉伸强度的发泡体材料，使得扬声器振膜的耐用性良好。
分子链的刚性越大，则橡胶材料的玻璃化转变温度越高，材料的耐低温性能变差，材料的强度升高，断裂伸长率降低。
发泡倍率越高，则橡胶材料的密度越低，孔隙率越高，材料的强度越低，断裂伸长率越低。
在一个例子中，所述发泡橡胶的密度0.1/cm 3-1.2g/cm 3，孔隙率为10％-90％。发泡剂添加量越高，发泡倍率增大，橡胶材料的密度降低，而过低的密度导致材料力学强度较低，使用过程中易开裂难以满足使用需求。上述范围内，发泡具有良好的力学性能，并且回弹性良好。
进一步地，发泡橡胶的密度为0.1/cm 3-1.1g/cm 3。这使得相同尺寸下，相较于橡胶振膜，发泡橡胶制振膜具有更小的质量，从而发声装置表现出更高的响度。
图1是根据本公开的一个实施例的扬声器振膜与常规的橡胶振膜不同频率下响度的测试曲线(即SPL曲线)。其中，横坐标为频率，单位：Hz；纵坐标为响度，单位：dB。实线(图1中A曲线)为本公开实施例提供的扬声器振膜的测试曲线。虚线(如图1中B曲线)为常规的橡胶振膜的测试曲线。两种振膜均为折环振膜，尺寸相同。
如图1所示，由SPL曲线可以看出，两个扬声器振膜的低频性能相近。而采用本公开实施例的振膜与常规的橡胶振膜的发声装置的F0均为193Hz，但采用本公开实施例的扬声器振膜的发声装置的频灵敏度高于常规的橡胶振膜约1.6dB。可见，采用本公开实施例的扬声器振膜的发声装置具有更高的响度和舒适度。
在一个例子中，在所述发泡橡胶中，所述发泡剂的添加量为0.1wt％-20wt％，发泡橡胶的泡孔的尺寸为10μm-300μm，其中泡孔尺寸指泡孔最大的两点之间的距离。
表1为发泡微珠的质量含量与泡孔的尺寸及发泡橡胶密度的关系表。
由表1可见，当发泡微珠的质量含量低于10％时，随着发泡微珠含量增加，泡孔平均尺寸基本保持不变，且发泡橡胶密度逐渐降低；当发泡微 珠的质量含量超过15％时，发泡橡胶内部泡孔出现变大的趋势，并且密度显著降低，这是由于发泡微珠含量较大，成型过程中小泡孔聚集形成了大泡孔。
Figure PCTCN2020136288-appb-000001
表1
在一个例子中，所述膜层在10％应变后的弹性回复率≥80％。由于扬声器振膜的回弹性良好，故使得发声装置具有较好的瞬态响应和较低的失真。
相对于常规的橡胶振膜，发泡橡胶制备的振膜具有较宽的弹性区域，发生在该区域的应变，当外力去除后，材料具有优异的回复性，这样，扬声器振膜在振动过程中，摇摆振动少，发声装置的音质和听音稳定性更优。
图2是根据本公开的一个实施例的扬声器振膜与常规的橡胶振膜的谐波失真测试曲线。其中，横坐标为频率，单位：Hz；纵坐标为THD。实线为本公开实施例提供的扬声器振膜的测试曲线。虚线为常规的橡胶振膜(非发泡振膜)的测试曲线。两种振膜均为锥盆，尺寸相同。
由图可以看出，本公开实施例的扬声器振膜相与常规橡胶折环相比起总谐波失真基本一致，并且无尖峰等。这表明，本公开实施例的扬声器振膜在降低质量的同时抗偏振能力并没有降低，音质依然较为优异。
在一个例子中，扬声器振膜还包括胶层。在180°剥离测试下，所述膜层与所述胶层之间的粘接力大于50g/25mm。在该范围内，扬声器振膜的整体的强度、耐用性显著提高。
优选地，所述膜层与所述胶层之间的粘接力大于100g/25mm(180°剥离)。在应用在喇叭装置中时，粘结力高使扬声器振膜在振动过程中与锥盆的协调一致性良好，音质纯正，且在长时间振动后扬声器振膜仍然保持 初始状态，性能稳定性高。
在一个例子中，所述膜层的厚度为50μm-2000μm。厚度越大，则扬声器振膜的结构强度越高，但发音灵敏度会越低；厚度越小则扬声器振膜的灵敏度高，但结构强度会越低。该厚度范围，扬声器振膜兼具良好的发音灵敏度和高的结构强度。
进一步地，所述膜层的厚度为100μm-1200μm。在该围内，扬声器振膜的综合性能更加优良。
根据本公开的另一个实施例，提供了一种发声装置。该发声装置包括发声装置主体和上述的扬声器振膜，所述扬声器振膜设置在所述发声装置主体上。发声装置为喇叭装置。
该发声装置具有响度高、灵敏度高、失真小、耐用性良好的特点。
本公开实施例中重点描述的是各个实施例之间的不同，各个实施例之间不同的优化特征只要不矛盾，均可以组合形成更优的实施例，考虑到行文简洁，在此则不再赘述。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述扬声器振膜包括发泡橡胶制成的膜层；
    其中，所述发泡橡胶为橡胶通过发泡法制备而成的发泡体，所述发泡橡胶的玻璃化转变温度≤-10℃。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述橡胶为三元乙丙橡胶、氢化丁腈橡胶、乙烯-丙烯酸酯橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶、丁苯橡胶、天然橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁基橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、异戊橡胶、顺丁橡胶、醋酸乙烯酯橡胶、聚硫橡胶和氟橡胶中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述发泡法采用发泡剂，所述发泡剂为发泡微珠、偶氮化合物、亚硝基化合物、无机系化合物和联胺类、二氧化碳、氮气和丁烷中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述发泡橡胶的断裂伸长率≥100％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述发泡橡胶的拉伸强度0.1MPa-50MPa。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述发泡橡胶的密度0.1/cm 3-1.2g/cm 3，孔隙率为10％-90％。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，在所述发泡橡胶中，所述发泡剂的添加量为0.1wt％-20wt％，发泡橡胶的泡孔的尺寸为10μm-300μm，
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述膜层在10％应变后的弹性回复率≥80％。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，还包括胶层，在180°剥离测试下，所述膜层与所述胶层之间的粘接力大于50g/25mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述膜层的厚度为50μm-2000μm。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，扬声器振膜为单层振膜，所述单层振膜采用一层发泡橡胶膜层构成。
    或者，所述振膜为复合振膜，所述复合振膜包括两层、三层、四层或五层膜层，所述复合振膜至少包括一层发泡橡胶膜层。
  12. 一种发声装置，其特征在于，包括发声装置主体和权利要求1-11任意之一所述的扬声器振膜，所述扬声器振膜设置在所述发声装置主体上。
PCT/CN2020/136288 2020-04-17 2020-12-15 扬声器振膜以及发声装置 WO2021208474A1 (zh)

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