WO2021203480A1 - 基于可靠性约束的配电网自动化系统综合规划方法 - Google Patents
基于可靠性约束的配电网自动化系统综合规划方法 Download PDFInfo
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- circuit breaker
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
- G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
- G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
- G05B23/0259—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterized by the response to fault detection
- G05B23/0286—Modifications to the monitored process, e.g. stopping operation or adapting control
- G05B23/0294—Optimizing process, e.g. process efficiency, product quality
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/26—Pc applications
- G05B2219/2639—Energy management, use maximum of cheap power, keep peak load low
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
Definitions
- This application relates to the technical field of power system planning and evaluation, and in particular to a method for comprehensive planning of distribution network automation systems based on reliability constraints.
- the primary equipment in distribution automation mainly includes circuit breakers, switches, feeder terminal control units and control centers.
- the secondary equipment is a communication device that connects each primary equipment with the control center.
- reliability refers to the ability of the power system to continuously meet the quantity and quality of end users' power needs.
- the reliability of the distribution network mainly includes the following indicators: Customer Interruption Frequency (CIF), Customer Interruption Duration (CID), and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) ), System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS).
- CIF Customer Interruption Frequency
- CID Customer Interruption Duration
- SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index
- SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index
- EENS Expected Energy Not Supplied
- This application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related technology at least to a certain extent.
- This application proposes a comprehensive planning method for a distribution network automation system based on reliability constraints.
- the optimal plan is obtained directly by solving the model without trial search.
- the scheme reduces the investment cost under the premise of satisfying the reliability constraints.
- This application is simple and efficient, and effectively reduces costs on the premise of satisfying system reliability.
- This application proposes a comprehensive planning method for a distribution network automation system based on reliability constraints, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
- the circuit breaker and the knife switch are installed at both ends of the branch, and the feeder control terminal unit is installed on the circuit breaker and the knife switch to receive commands from the control center to control the switch state of the circuit breaker and the knife switch, assuming normal operation Close the circuit breaker;
- c Total is the comprehensive investment cost of the distribution network
- c CB is the investment cost of a single circuit breaker, Is the 0-1 variable of the installation state of the circuit breaker close to node i on branch ij, Means installation, Indicates that it is not installed
- c SW is the investment cost of a single knife gate, Is the 0-1 variable of the installation state of the knife gate close to node i on the branch ij, Means installation, Indicates that it is not installed
- c FTU is the investment cost of a single feeder terminal control unit, Is the 0-1 variable of the installation status of the feeder terminal control unit on branch ij close to node i, Means installation, Indi
- the superscript xy represents the scene under the failure of branch xy; in sc ⁇ A,M ⁇ , sc represents the stage, A represents the automatic action stage, and M represents the manual action stage; Represents the load of node i when branch xy fails, Represents the power flowing from node j to node i on branch xy when branch xy fails, ⁇ i represents the set of branches directly connected to node i, ⁇ LN represents the set of load nodes, and ⁇ represents the set of all branches, Represents all branch failure scenarios;
- M is a positive number
- ⁇ F represents the set of all transformer nodes
- Is the 0-1 variable of the state of the switch close to the node i on the branch ij under the normal operating state Indicates that the switch is closed, Indicates that the switch is open;
- Is the 0-1 variable of the state of the switch close to node j on branch ij under normal operating conditions Indicates that the switch is closed, Indicates that the switch is open; the superscript NO represents normal operation;
- Is the 0-1 variable of the failure influence flag of node i when the branch xy fails Indicates that node i is affected by the failure when the branch xy fails, Indicates that node i is not affected by the fault when the branch xy fails;
- CID i represents the user interruption duration of the i-node
- ⁇ xy represents the annual failure rate of branch xy
- CIF i represents the user interruption frequency of the i-node
- NC i is the number of users of a given i-node
- SAIFI is the system's annual average interruption duration index
- ASAI is the system's average power supply index
- B is the set of all load levels
- ⁇ h is the annual duration of load level h
- ⁇ h ⁇ 1 is the peak load ratio of load level h
- Li represents the peak load of node i;
- ⁇ SAIFI is the upper limit of the average annual power outage frequency of the system
- ⁇ SAIDI is the upper limit of the average annual power outage time of the system
- ⁇ EENS is the upper limit of the system's expected energy failure
- the optimal solution is the optimized result of the planned installation state of the circuit breaker,
- the optimal solution is the optimized result of the planned installation state of the knife gate,
- the optimal solution of X is the optimized result of the planned installation state of the feeder terminal control unit, and the optimal solution of x CCS is the optimized result of the planned installation state of the control center, and the optimal results of CID i , CIF i , SAIDI, SAIFI, ASAI, EENS are obtained.
- the optimal solution is the index optimization result of the reliability of the planning scheme.
- This application takes the investment cost of the distribution network as the objective function, and models the integrated planning of the entire distribution network as a mixed integer linear programming model. By solving the model, the planning results that meet the reliability constraints can be directly obtained. When calculating reliability constraints, this method also considers circuit breaker tripping after a fault, automatic fault, manual isolation, and restoration of power supply to the affected load based on network reconstruction. , Effectively reduce costs.
- This application proposes a comprehensive planning method for a distribution network automation system based on reliability constraints.
- the application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
- This application proposes a comprehensive planning method for a distribution network automation system based on reliability constraints, including the following steps:
- the circuit breaker (which can break the fault current) and the switch (the switch includes the segmented switch and the contact switch, and the non-breakable fault current) are installed at both ends of the branch, and the feeder control terminal unit ( Feeder Terminal Unit (FTU) is installed on the circuit breaker and the switch and can receive instructions from the control center to control the switching state of the circuit breaker and the switch, and assume that the circuit breaker is closed under normal operating conditions;
- FTU Feeder Terminal Unit
- the circuit breaker closest to the faulty branch upstream of the branch first acts to open and break the fault current (circuit breaker action stage), and then the downstream node of the circuit breaker is powered off; All the switches in the distribution network with feeder terminal control units open or close (automatic action stage) to automatically isolate the fault and isolate the faulty branch; at the same time, pass all the switches and equipped with the feeder terminal control unit All circuit breaker actions of the feeder terminal control unit are reconfigured to maximize the restoration of the load on the power-off node; then, all switches and circuit breakers are manually operated (manual action stage) to further restore the load of the power-off node to the maximum; finally, Repair the faulty branch and restore the original power supply network structure through the action switch and circuit breaker after the repair.
- c CB is the investment cost of a single circuit breaker, Is the 0-1 variable ( Means installation, Means not installed); Is the 0-1 variable ( Indicates that the circuit breaker is installed, Means that the circuit breaker is not installed); c SW is the investment cost of a single switch, Is the 0-1 variable ( Means installation, Means not installed); Is the 0-1 variable ( Means installation, Means not installed); c FTU is the investment cost of a single feeder terminal control unit, Is the 0-1 variable ( Means installation, Means not installed); Is the 0-1 variable ( Means installation, Means it is not installed).
- the superscript xy represents the scene under the failure of branch xy; in sc ⁇ A,M ⁇ , sc represents the stage, A represents the automatic action stage, and M represents the manual action stage.
- M is a given arbitrary larger number (the value range is 10000-10000000, in this example, it is 1000000), 0-1 variable representing the state of the switch near node i on branch ij when branch xy fails ( Indicates that the switch is closed, Means the switch is on), The 0-1 variable representing the state of the switch near node j on branch ij when branch xy fails ( Indicates that the switch is closed, Means the switch is on), Indicates the rated transmission capacity of branch ij.
- ⁇ F represents the set of all transformer nodes.
- n BR is the number of branches of the distribution network.
- Is the 0-1 variable Indicates that the switch is closed, Means the switch is on
- Is the 0-1 variable Indicates that the switch is closed, Indicates that the switch is open).
- Is the 0-1 variable Indicates that the circuit breaker is closed, Means the circuit breaker is open
- Is the 0-1 variable Indicates that the circuit breaker is closed, Indicates that the circuit breaker is open).
- Is the 0-1 variable Indicates that node i is affected by the failure when the branch xy fails, It means that node i is not affected by the fault when the branch xy fails).
- F i xy,sc 0 means that node i is in a power-off state affected by the maintenance of the faulty branch after the branch xy fails
- F i xy,sc 1 means that node i is not affected by the maintenance of the faulty branch after the branch xy fails And in normal operation state).
- CID i represents the user interruption duration of the i-node
- ⁇ xy represents the annual failure rate of branch xy
- Indicates the interruption time of the automatic fault action of branch xy (specifically, the time from the occurrence of the fault to the action of the circuit breaker and the switch of the control unit of the feeder terminal)
- Indicates the interruption time of the manual action of the branch xy (specifically the time from the occurrence of the fault to the manual operation of the circuit breaker and the switch)
- CIF i represents the user interruption frequency of the i-node
- NC i is the number of users of the given i-node
- SAIFI is the annual average of the system Interruption duration index
- ASAI is the average power supply index of the system
- EENS is the expected loss of load energy
- B is the set of all load levels
- ⁇ SAIFI is the upper limit of the average annual power outage time of the system
- ⁇ SAIDI is the upper limit of the average annual power outage time of the system
- ⁇ EENS is the upper limit of the system's expected energy failure.
- the model established in step 2) is solved by the optimization software CPLEX or Gurobi to obtain x
- the optimal solution of CCS is the optimized result of the planned installation state of circuit breaker, switch, feeder terminal control unit and control center respectively.
- the optimal solution of CID i , CIF i , SAIDI, SAIFI, ASAI, EENS is the corresponding plan
- the optimization result of the reliability index of the scheme is the corresponding plan. Based on the above optimal solution, the distribution network automation system can be planned, so that the cost can be effectively reduced under the premise of satisfying the reliability of the system.
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Abstract
本申请提出一种基于可靠性约束的配电网自动化系统综合规划方法,属于电力系统规划与评估技术领域。该方法将配电网自动化系统统筹规划,其中配电网自动化系统包括断路器、刀闸、馈线终端控制单元和控制中心;建立由目标函数和约束条件构成的配电网可靠性评估优化模型,对模型求解得出满足系统可靠性要求的断路器、刀闸、馈线终端控制单元的安装位置,以及是否需要建设配电自动化系统控制中心。在可靠性约束中,本申请同时考虑了故障后断路器跳闸、故障自动及人工隔离和基于网络重构后的受影响负荷供电恢复,方法简单方便,同时实现了在满足系统可靠性的前提下,有效降低成本。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求清华大学于2020年4月9日提交的、申请名称为“基于可靠性约束的配电网自动化系统综合规划方法”的、中国专利申请号“202010272358.5”的优先权。
本申请涉及电力系统规划与评估技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于可靠性约束的配电网自动化系统综合规划方法。
随着电力用户对供电可靠性要求的提升,配电自动化系统广泛应用于城区配电网中,投资巨大。对配电自动化系统中的设备进行精益化规划,需要在满足系统可靠性要求的前提下尽可能降低投资成本。配电自动化中的一次设备主要包括断路器、刀闸、馈线终端控制单元和控制中心,二次设备为其配套的连通各一次设备与控制中心的通讯装置。
在电力领域,可靠性是指电力系统持续满足终端用户电力需求数量和质量的能力。配电网可靠性主要包括以下几个指标:用户中断频率(Customer Interruption Frequency,CIF)、用户中断持续时间(Customer Interruption Duration,CID)、系统年平均中断频率指数(System Average Interruption Frequency Index,SAIFI))、系统年平均中断持续时间指数(System Average Interruption Duration Index,SAIDI)和期望失负荷能量(Expected Energy Not Supplied,EENS)。
在目前应用的配电网自动化系统综合规划方法中,需要采用规划计算和可靠性评估迭代方法进行试探。首先,产生一种规划方案,并计算该方案下的系统可靠性指标;再产生另一种规划方案,重新计算系统可靠性指标,如果后一种方案的可靠性满足要求,同时成本更低,则以该方案为当前最优方案。重复上述流程直到找到满足可靠性要求的成本最低方案。这种方法耗时较长,需要较大的存储空间,如果所有方案未能遍历,则不能在满足系统可靠性的前提下,降低成本。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
本申请提出一种基于可靠性约束的配电网自动化系统综合规划方法,通过构建基于可靠 性约束的配电网可靠性评估优化模型,不通过试探搜索,而直接通过求解该模型得到最优规划方案,在满足可靠性约束的前提下降低投资成本。本申请简单高效,实现了在满足系统可靠性的前提下,有效降低成本。
本申请提出一种基于可靠性约束的配电网自动化系统综合规划方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)定义器件安装状态和支路故障后故障隔离、负荷转供和故障恢复动作原则,如下所示:
1-1)断路器和刀闸安装在支路的两端,馈线控制终端单元安装在断路器和刀闸上用于接收控制中心指令控制该断路器和刀闸的开关状态,假设正常运行状态下断路器闭合;
1-2)在支路故障发生后,首先支路上游最靠近故障支路的断路器动作打开,开断故障电流,断路器下游节点断电;在自动动作阶段,装有馈线终端控制单元的所有配电网中的刀闸进行打开或闭合动作,进行故障自动隔离,隔离故障支路;同时,通过装有馈线终端控制单元的所有刀闸和装有馈线终端控制单元的所有断路器动作进行网络重构以恢复断电节点负荷;在人工动作阶段,人工操作所有刀闸和断路器,进一步恢复断电节点负荷;最后,修复故障支路,修复后通过动作开关和断路器恢复原供电网络结构;
2)构建基于混合整数线性规划的配电网可靠性评估优化模型,该模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:
2-1)确定模型的目标函数;如式(1)所示:
其中,c
Total为配电网综合投资成本,c
CB为单个断路器投资成本,
为支路ij上靠近节点i断路器的安装状态的0-1变量,
表示安装,
表示未安装;
为支路ij上靠近节点j断路器的安装状态的0-1变量,
表示安装,
表示未安装;c
SW为单个刀闸投资成本,
为支路ij上靠近节点i刀闸的安装状态的0-1变量,
表示安装,
表示未安装;
为支路ij上靠近节点j刀闸的安装状态的0-1变量,
表示安装,
表示未安装;c
FTU为单个馈线终端控制单元投资成本,
为支路ij上靠近节点i馈线终端控制单元的安装状态的0-1变量,
表示安装,
表示未安装;
为支路ij上靠近节点j馈线终端控制单元的安装状态的0-1变量,
表示安装,
表示未安装;c
CCS为控制中心投资成本,x
CCS为控制中心的建设状态的0-1变量,x
CCS=1表示建设,x
CCS=0表示未建设;
2-2)确定模型的约束条件,具体如下:
2-2-1)配电网功率平衡约束,如式(2)和(3)所示:
其中,上标xy表示在支路xy发生故障下的场景;sc∈{A,M}中,sc代表所处阶段,A代表自动动作阶段,M代表人工动作阶段;
表示在支路xy发生故障时节点i的负荷,
表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上由节点j流向节点i的功率,Ψ
i表示与节点i直接相连的支路集合,Ψ
LN表示负荷节点集合,Υ表示所有支路的集合,
代表所有支路故障场景;
2-2-2)支路功率约束,如式(4)~(6)所示:
其中,M为正数,
表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点i开关的状态的0-1变量,
表示开关闭合,
表示开关打开;
表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点j开关的状态的0-1变量,
表示开关闭合,
表示开关打开;
表示支路ij额定传输容量;
2-2-3)变压器功率约束,如式(7)~(8)所示:
2-2-4)断路器动作约束,如式(9)~(16)所示:
其中,
为在支路xy发生故障时在断路器动作阶段支路ij的故障波及标志的0-1变,
表示支路xy发生故障时支路ij受故障波及而处于断电状态,
表示支路xy发生故障时支路ij处于正常运行状态;F
i
xy,B为在支路xy发生故障时在断路器动作阶段节点i的故障波及标志的0-1变量,F
i
xy,B=0表示支路xy发生故障时节点i受故障波及而处于断电状 态,F
i
xy,B=1表示支路xy发生故障时节点i处于正常运行状态;上标B代表断路器动作阶段;n
BR为配电网的支路数;
为在正常运行状态下支路ij上靠近节点i开关的状态的的0-1变量,
表示开关闭合,
表示开关打开;
为在正常运行状态下支路ij上靠近节点j开关的状态的0-1变量,
表示开关闭合,
表示开关打开;上标NO代表正常运行状态;
为在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点i断路器的状态的0-1变量,
表示断路器闭合,
表示断路器打开;
为在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点j断路器的状态的0-1变量,
表示断路器闭合,
表示断路器打开;
2-2-5)开关动作约束,如式(17)~(25)所示:
其中,
为在支路xy发生故障后在自动动作阶段sc=A或人工动作阶段sc=M支路ij的维修影响标志的0-1变量,
表示支路xy发生故障后支路ij受故障支路维修影响而处于断电状态,
表示支路xy发生故障后支路ij不受故障支路维修影响而处于正常运行状态;F
i
xy,sc为在支路xy发生故障后在自动动作阶段sc=A或人工动作阶段sc=M节点i的维修影响标志的0-1变量,F
i
xy,sc=0表示支路xy发生故障后节点i受故障支路维修影响而处于断电状态,F
i
xy,sc=1表示支路xy发生故障后节点i不受故障支路维修影响而处于正常运行状态;
在支路xy发生故障后在自动动作阶段sc=A或人工动作阶段sc=M节点i的供电标志的0-1变量,
表示支路xy发生故障后且开关动作后节点i正常供电,
表示支路xy发生故障后且开关动作后节点i处于断电状态;
2-2-6)可靠性约束,如式(26)~(36)所示:
SAIFI≤ε
SAIFI (34);
SAIDI≤ε
SAIDI (35);
EENS≤ε
EENS (36);
其中CID
i表示i节点的用户中断持续时间,λ
xy表示支路xy的年故障率,
表示支路xy的故障自动动作中断时间,
表示支路xy的故障人工动作中断时间,
表示支路xy的故障修复中断时间,CIF
i表示i节点的用户中断频率,NC
i为给定的i节点的用户数量,SAIFI为系统年平均中断持续时间指数,ASAI为系统平均供电指数,EENS为期望失负荷能量,B为所有负荷水平的集合,Δ
h为负荷水平h的年持续小时数,μ
h≤1为负荷水平h的峰值负荷比,L
i表示i节点的峰值负荷;
2-2-7)设备投资约束,如式(37)~(51)所示:
3)对步骤2)建立的模型求解,得到
的最优解为断路器的规划安装状态的优化结果,
的最优解为刀闸的规划安装状态的优化结果,
的最优解为馈线终端控制单元的规划安装状态的优化结果,x
CCS的最优解为控制中心的规划安装状态的优化结果,得到CID
i、CIF
i、SAIDI、SAIFI、ASAI、EENS的最优解为规划方案的可靠性的指标优化结果。
本申请提供的技术方案具有如下的有益效果:
本申请将配电网投资成本作为目标函数,并将整个配电网的自动化系统综合规划建模为一混合整数线性规划模型,通过求解该模型,可直接得到满足可靠性约束的规划结果。在计算可靠性约束时,该方法同时考虑了故障后断路器跳闸、故障自动、人工隔离和基于网络重构后的受影响负荷供电恢复,方法简单方便,同时实现了在满足系统可靠性的前提下,有效降低成本。
本申请提出一种基于可靠性约束的配电网自动化系统综合规划方法,下面结合具体实施例对本申请进一步详细说明如下。
本申请提出一种基于可靠性约束的配电网自动化系统综合规划方法,包括以下步骤:
1)定义器件安装状态和支路故障后故障隔离、负荷转供和故障恢复动作原则,如下所示:
1-1)断路器(可开断故障电流)和刀闸(所述刀闸包括分段刀闸和联络刀闸,不可开断故障电流)安装在支路的两端,馈线控制终端单元(Feeder Terminal Unit,FTU)安装在断路器和刀闸上并能接收控制中心指令控制该断路器和刀闸的开关状态,并假设正常运行状态下断路器闭合;
1-2)在支路故障发生后,首先支路上游最靠近故障支路的断路器先动作打开、开断故障电流(断路器动作阶段),此时断路器下游节点断电;之后,装有馈线终端控制单元的所有配电网中的刀闸进行打开或闭合动作(自动动作阶段),进行故障自动隔离,隔离故障支路;同时,通过装有馈线终端控制单元的所有刀闸和装有馈线终端控制单元的所有断路器动 作进行网络重构,最大限度恢复断电节点负荷;而后,所有刀闸和断路器被人工操作(人工动作阶段),进一步最大限度恢复断电节点负荷;最后,修复故障支路,修复后通过动作开关和断路器恢复原供电网络结构。
2)构建基于混合整数线性规划的配电网可靠性评估优化模型,该模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:
2-1)确定模型的目标函数;
该模型的目标函数为最小化配电网综合投资成本c
Total,如式(1)所示:
其中c
CB为单个断路器投资成本,
为支路ij上靠近节点i断路器的安装状态的0-1变量(
表示安装,
表示未安装);
为支路ij上靠近节点j断路器的安装状态的0-1变量(
表示断路器安装,
表示断路器未安装);c
SW为单个刀闸投资成本,
为支路ij上靠近节点i刀闸的安装状态的0-1变量(
表示安装,
表示未安装);
为支路ij上靠近节点j刀闸的安装状态的0-1变量(
表示安装,
表示未安装);c
FTU为单个馈线终端控制单元投资成本,
为支路ij上靠近节点i馈线终端控制单元的安装状态的0-1变量(
表示安装,
表示未安装);
为支路ij上靠近节点j馈线终端控制单元的安装状态的0-1变量(
表示安装,
表示未安装)。c
CCS为控制中心投资成本,x
CCS为控制中心的建设状态的0-1变量(x
CCS=1表示建设,x
CCS=0表示未建设)。
2-2)确定模型的约束条件,具体如下:
2-2-1)配电网功率平衡约束,如式(2)和(3)所示:
其中,上标xy表示在支路xy发生故障下的场景;sc∈{A,M}中,sc代表所处阶段,A代表自动动作阶段,M代表人工动作阶段。
表示在支路xy发生故障时节点i的负荷,
表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上由节点j流向节点i的功率,Ψ
i表示与节点i直接相连的支路集合,Ψ
LN表示负荷节点集合,Υ表示所有支路的集合,
代表所有支路故障场景。
2-2-2)支路功率约束,如式(4)~(6)所示:
其中,M为给定任意取值较大的数(取值范围是10000-10000000,本实例中取为 1000000),
表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点i开关的状态的0-1变量(
表示开关闭合,
表示开关打开),
表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点j开关的状态的0-1变量(
表示开关闭合,
表示开关打开),
表示支路ij额定传输容量。
2-2-3)变压器功率约束,如式(7)~(8)所示:
2-2-4)断路器动作约束,如式(9)~(16)所示:
其中,
为在支路xy发生故障时在断路器动作阶段(上标B)支路ij的故障波及标志的0-1变量(
表示支路xy发生故障时支路ij受故障波及而处于断电状态,
表示支路xy发生故障时支路ij处于正常运行状态),
为在支路xy发生故障时在断路器动作阶段节点i的故障波及标志的0-1变量(
表示支路xy发生故障时节点i受故障波及而处于断电状态,
表示支路xy发生故障时节点i处于正常运行状态)。n
BR为配电网的支路数。
为在正常运行状态下(上标NO)支路ij上靠近节点i开关的状态的的0-1变量(
表示开关闭合,
表示开关打开),
为在正常运行状态下(上标NO)支路ij上靠近节点j开关的状态的0-1变量(
表示开关闭合,
表示开关打开)。
为在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点i断路器的状态的0-1变量(
表示断路器闭合,
表示断路器打开),
为在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点j断路器的状态的0-1变量(
表示断路器闭合,
表示断路器打开)。
2-2-5)开关动作约束,如式(17)~(25)所示:
其中,
为在支路xy发生故障后在自动动作阶段(上标sc=A)或人工动作阶段(上标sc=M)支路ij的维修影响标志的0-1变量(
表示支路xy发生故障后支路ij受故障支路维修影响而处于断电状态,
表示支路xy发生故障后支路ij不受故障支路维修影响而处于正常运行状态),F
i
xy,sc为在支路xy发生故障后节点i的维修影响标志的0-1变量(F
i
xy,sc=0表示支路xy发生故障后节点i受故障支路维修影响而处于断电状态,F
i
xy,sc=1表示支路xy发生故障后节点i不受故障支路维修影响而处于正常运行状态)。
在支路xy发生故障后(自动动作阶段sc=A和人工动作阶段sc=M)节点i的供电标志的0-1变量(
表示支路xy发生故障后(开关动作后)节点i正常供电,
表示支路xy发生故障后(开关动作后)节点i处于断电状态)。
2-2-6)可靠性约束,如式(26)~(36)所示:
SAIFI≤ε
SAIFI (34);
SAIDI≤ε
SAIDI (35);
EENS≤ε
EENS (36);
其中CID
i表示i节点的用户中断持续时间,λ
xy表示支路xy的年故障率,
表示支路xy的故障自动动作中断时间(具体为从故障发生后到受馈线终端控制单元的断路器和刀闸动作的时间),
表示支路xy的故障人工动作中断时间(具体为从故障发生后到人工操作断路器和刀闸动作的时间),
表示支路xy的故障修复中断时间(具体为从故障发生后到故障修复的时间),CIF
i表示i节点的用户中断频率,NC
i为给定的i节点的用户数量,SAIFI为系统年平均中断持续时间指数,ASAI为系统平均供电指数,EENS为期望失负荷能量,B为所有负荷水平的集合,Δ
h为负荷水平h的年持续小时数,μ
h≤1为负荷水平h的峰值负荷比,L
i表示i节点的峰值负荷。
2-2-7)设备投资约束,如式(37)~(51)所示:
Claims (1)
- 一种基于可靠性约束的配电网自动化系统综合规划方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1)定义器件安装状态和支路故障后故障隔离、负荷转供和故障恢复动作原则,如下所示:1-1)断路器和刀闸安装在支路的两端,馈线控制终端单元安装在断路器和刀闸上用于接收控制中心指令控制该断路器和刀闸的开关状态,假设正常运行状态下断路器闭合;1-2)在支路故障发生后,首先支路上游最靠近故障支路的断路器动作打开,开断故障电流,断路器下游节点断电;在自动动作阶段,装有馈线终端控制单元的所有配电网中的刀闸进行打开或闭合动作,进行故障自动隔离,隔离故障支路;同时,通过装有馈线终端控制单元的所有刀闸和装有馈线终端控制单元的所有断路器动作进行网络重构以恢复断电节点负荷;在人工动作阶段,人工操作所有刀闸和断路器,进一步恢复断电节点负荷;最后,修复故障支路,修复后通过动作开关和断路器恢复原供电网络结构;2)构建基于混合整数线性规划的配电网可靠性评估优化模型,该模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:2-1)确定模型的目标函数;如式(1)所示:其中,c Total为配电网综合投资成本,c CB为单个断路器投资成本, 为支路ij上靠近节点i断路器的安装状态的0-1变量, 表示安装, 表示未安装; 为支路ij上靠近节点j断路器的安装状态的0-1变量, 表示安装, 表示未安装;c SW为单个刀闸投资成本, 为支路ij上靠近节点i刀闸的安装状态的0-1变量, 表示安装, 表示未安装; 为支路ij上靠近节点j刀闸的安装状态的0-1变量, 表示安装, 表示未安装;c FTU为单个馈线终端控制单元投资成本, 为支路ij上靠近节点i馈线终端控制单元的安装状态的0-1变量, 表示安装, 表示未安装; 为支路ij上靠近节点j馈线终端控制单元的安装状态的0-1变量, 表示安装, 表示未安装;c CCS为控制中心投资成本,x CCS为控制中心的建设状态的0-1变量,x CCS=1表示建设,x CCS=0表示未建设;2-2)确定模型的约束条件,具体如下:2-2-1)配电网功率平衡约束,如式(2)和(3)所示:其中,上标xy表示在支路xy发生故障下的场景;sc∈{A,M}中,sc代表所处阶段,A代表自动动作阶段,M代表人工动作阶段; 表示在支路xy发生故障时节点i的负荷, 表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上由节点j流向节点i的功率,Ψ i表示与节点i直接相连的支路集合,Ψ LN表示负荷节点集合,Υ表示所有支路的集合, 代表所有支路故障场景;2-2-2)支路功率约束,如式(4)~(6)所示:其中,M为正数, 表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点i开关的状态的0-1变量, 表示开关闭合, 表示开关打开; 表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点j开关的状态的0-1变量, 表示开关闭合, 表示开关打开; 表示支路ij额定传输容量;2-2-3)变压器功率约束,如式(7)~(8)所示:2-2-4)断路器动作约束,如式(9)~(16)所示:其中, 为在支路xy发生故障时在断路器动作阶段支路ij的故障波及标志的0-1变, 表示支路xy发生故障时支路ij受故障波及而处于断电状态, 表示支路xy发生故障时支路ij处于正常运行状态; 为在支路xy发生故障时在断路器动作阶段节点i的故障波及标志的0-1变量, 表示支路xy发生故障时节点i受故障波及而处于断电状态, 表示支路xy发生故障时节点i处于正常运行状态;上标B代表断路器动作阶段; n BR为配电网的支路数;为在正常运行状态下支路ij上靠近节点i开关的状态的的0-1变量, 表示开关闭合, 表示开关打开; 为在正常运行状态下支路ij上靠近节点j开关的状态的0-1变量, 表示开关闭合, 表示开关打开;上标NO代表正常运行状态;为在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点i断路器的状态的0-1变量, 表示断路器闭合, 表示断路器打开; 为在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上靠近节点j断路器的状态的0-1变量, 表示断路器闭合, 表示断路器打开;2-2-5)开关动作约束,如式(17)~(25)所示:其中, 为在支路xy发生故障后在自动动作阶段sc=A或人工动作阶段sc=M支路ij的维修影响标志的0-1变量, 表示支路xy发生故障后支路ij受故障支路维修影响而处于断电状态, 表示支路xy发生故障后支路ij不受故障支路维修影响而处于正常运行状态; 为在支路xy发生故障后在自动动作阶段sc=A或人工动作阶段sc=M节点i的维修影响标志的0-1变量, 表示支路xy发生故障后节点i受故障支路维修影响而处于断电状态, 表示支路xy发生故障后节点i不受故障支路维修影响而处于正常运行状态;在支路xy发生故障后在自动动作阶段sc=A或人工动作阶段sc=M节点i的供电标志的0-1变量, 表示支路xy发生故障后且开关动作后节点i正常供电, 表示支路xy发生故障后且开关动作后节点i处于断电状态;2-2-6)可靠性约束,如式(26)~(36)所示:SAIFI≤ε SAIFI(34);SAIDI≤ε SAIDI(35);EENS≤ε EENS(36);其中,CID i表示i节点的用户中断持续时间,λ xy表示支路xy的年故障率, 表示支路xy的故障自动动作中断时间, 表示支路xy的故障人工动作中断时间, 表示支路xy的故障修复中断时间,CIF i表示i节点的用户中断频率,NC i为给定的i节点的用户数量,SAIFI为系统年平均中断持续时间指数,ASAI为系统平均供电指数,EENS为期望失负荷能量,B为所有负荷水平的集合,Δ h为负荷水平h的年持续小时数,μ h≤1为负荷水平h的峰值负荷比,L i表示i节点的峰值负荷;2-2-7)设备投资约束,如式(37)~(51)所示:
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CN106815657A (zh) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-06-09 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | 一种考虑时序性和可靠性的配电网双层规划方法 |
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CN110210095A (zh) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-09-06 | 清华大学 | 一种基于混合整数线性规划的配电网可靠性指标计算方法 |
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