WO2021196971A1 - 一种麦克风拾音组件及电子设备 - Google Patents

一种麦克风拾音组件及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021196971A1
WO2021196971A1 PCT/CN2021/079100 CN2021079100W WO2021196971A1 WO 2021196971 A1 WO2021196971 A1 WO 2021196971A1 CN 2021079100 W CN2021079100 W CN 2021079100W WO 2021196971 A1 WO2021196971 A1 WO 2021196971A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microphone
microphone module
fixed support
pickup
hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/079100
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭超凡
冯凯
何延
朱晓娟
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2021196971A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021196971A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/08—Mouthpieces; Microphones; Attachments therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
    • H02N2/06—Drive circuits; Control arrangements or methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/725—Cordless telephones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of electronic equipment, and in particular to a microphone pickup assembly and electronic equipment.
  • Microphones are generally installed in electronic equipment for recording and as recording devices for video and audio.
  • the sound pickup hole 03 for collecting sound is generally opened on the front side of the housing 02 of the electronic device 01 (that is, exposed on the side of the housing 02 facing the user).
  • the present application provides a microphone pickup assembly and an electronic device, the main purpose of which is to improve the appearance of the electronic device on the premise of reducing the impact on the sound pickup effect.
  • the present application provides a microphone pickup component for setting on an electronic device, and the microphone pickup component includes:
  • a microphone module with a pickup hole the microphone module at least including a microphone element
  • a driving structure relatively fixed to the fixed support and the driving structure is connected to the microphone module, and the driving structure is used to drive the microphone module to move in a first direction relative to the fixed support;
  • the sound pickup hole has a plurality of sound pickup holes, and the sound pickup holes are arranged at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the sound pickup holes are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line of the microphone module, and The center line is parallel to the first direction, the microphone element has a plurality, and the plurality of sound pickup holes and the plurality of microphone elements are arranged one to one.
  • the microphone pickup assembly since the driving structure can drive the microphone module to move relative to the fixed support, in specific implementation, the microphone pickup assembly is installed in the housing of an electronic device with a larger-sized display screen.
  • the driving structure drives the microphone module to move between the raised position and the lowered position relative to the fixed support.
  • the driving structure drives the microphone module to move to the raised position
  • the pickup hole is located outside the housing of the electronic device.
  • the microphone module is driven to move to the lowered position, the sound pickup hole is hidden inside the housing of the electronic device. In this way, in specific implementation, if video or audio is required, the microphone module is driven by the drive structure to move the pickup hole to the outside of the housing of the electronic device for sound pickup.
  • the microphone module can be driven by the driving structure so that the sound pickup hole is hidden inside the housing of the electronic device, that is, the sound pickup hole can be hidden when the microphone module is not used. In this way, on the basis of reducing the influence on the sound pickup effect, the appearance of the electronic device will also be improved.
  • the multiple sound pickup holes and corresponding microphone elements are provided, and the sound pickup holes are arranged at intervals in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, at the same time, the multiple sound pickup holes are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the microphone module.
  • the number and layout of the pickup holes greatly affect the sound pickup effect.
  • This application uses multiple and symmetrical placement of pickup holes. Will reduce the impact on the pickup effect.
  • the microphone module further includes: a lifting shell connected to the driving structure, and the driving structure can drive the lifting shell to move relative to the fixed support;
  • the circuit board is arranged in the lifting shell;
  • the cover board is arranged opposite to the circuit board, the lifting shell is provided with an opening, and the cover board is arranged at the opening;
  • the microphone element is arranged in the On the side of the circuit board facing away from the cover, a sound guide hole is opened at the position of the circuit board opposite to the microphone element.
  • the sound pickup hole is opened on the cover, and the sound can be picked up from the The sound hole is transmitted to the sound guide hole; a dust-proof structure is arranged between the cover plate and the circuit board, and the dust-proof structure shields the opening of the sound pickup hole and the sound guide hole Opening.
  • a dust-proof structure is arranged between the cover plate and the circuit board, and the dust-proof structure shields the opening of the sound pickup hole and the sound guide hole Opening.
  • the dust-proof structure includes: at least two layers of dust-proof nets arranged in a layered manner, each adjacent two layers of the dust-proof nets are bonded, and the dust-proof nets close to the cover The dust-proof net is bonded to the cover plate, and the dust-proof net close to the circuit board is bonded to the circuit board.
  • the plane on which the end of the microphone away from the fixed support is located passes through the sound pickup hole, or the end of the microphone away from the fixed support
  • the plane is flush with the surface of the sound pickup hole away from the fixed support.
  • the first aspect further includes: a guide structure, two opposite sides of the microphone module are both connected to the fixed support through the guide structure, and the guide structure is used to guide the microphone module The group slides in the first direction relative to the fixed support.
  • Guide structures are provided on both sides of the microphone module to guide the microphone module to slide relative to the fixed support, so as to improve the stability of the movement of the microphone module.
  • the guide structure includes: a guide shaft, which is relatively fixed to the fixed support, and the extension direction of the guide shaft is parallel to the first direction;
  • the outer part of the guide shaft, and the sliding sleeve can slide along the extending direction of the guide shaft, and the microphone module and the sliding sleeve are relatively fixed.
  • the guide shaft and sliding sleeve with clearance fit are adopted to realize the sliding of the microphone module.
  • the guide structure is simple and easy to implement.
  • the driving structure includes: a plurality of push rods, which are relatively fixed to the microphone module, and the plurality of push rods are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line of the microphone module; and a transmission mechanism
  • the plurality of push rods are connected to the same drive motor through the transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism can convert the rotational motion of the output shaft of the drive motor into linear motion of the push rods in the first direction .
  • the use of multiple symmetrically arranged push rods can make the push and pull force to the microphone module uniform, so as to avoid the phenomenon of jamming of the microphone module during the movement, and multiple push rods are driven by a drive motor compared to multiple push rods.
  • the drive motor drive will reduce manufacturing costs on the one hand, and reduce noise on the other.
  • the transmission mechanism includes: a transmission screw, one end of the transmission screw is connected to an output shaft of the drive motor, and the transmission screw is arranged parallel to the first direction; Traction member, the traction member is threaded with the drive screw, the traction member is connected with the plurality of push rods to drive the plurality of push rods to move synchronously; a guide structure, the guide structure is used to guide the The traction member moves along the drive screw.
  • the transmission mechanism uses spiral transmission to move the microphone module relative to the fixed support.
  • the transmission mechanism is not only simple in structure, but also stable in transmission.
  • a cavity is formed in the fixed support, the driving structure and the microphone module are both arranged in the cavity, and the fixed support further has a connection with the cavity.
  • the through hole connected with the body can pass through the through hole and extend to the outside of the cavity when the microphone module moves relative to the fixed support.
  • the drive structure and the microphone module are arranged in the cavity to protect the electronic components.
  • the microphone module is located in the cavity, which protects the microphone module , It can also make the whole structure compact, and open perforations on the sealing cover, so as to realize the movement of the microphone module between the raised position and the lowered position.
  • the side surface of the fixed support opposite to the microphone module is made of a rigid material. Because when the microphone pickup component is installed in the housing of the electronic device, other structures in the housing may contact the fixed support or even cause squeezing. By setting the side of the loudness microphone module of the fixed support to Rigid structure, in this way, it can avoid that the squeezed fixed support tilts toward the microphone module, and then interfere with the microphone module and affect the movement of the microphone module.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, including: a housing with an escape hole for the microphone module to pass through; a display screen arranged on the housing; the above-mentioned first aspect or the first aspect
  • the microphone pickup assembly in any implementation manner, is arranged in the housing at a position close to the top of the housing and close to the central area of the housing, and the escape hole is opened in the housing
  • the drive structure On the top of the housing, the drive structure is used to drive the microphone module to move between the raised position and the lowered position relative to the fixed support.
  • the pickup When the microphone module is in the raised position, the pickup The sound hole is located outside the housing, and when the microphone module is in the lowered position, the sound pickup hole is hidden inside the housing.
  • the microphone pickup component adopts the microphone pickup component in any of the above-mentioned first aspect implementations
  • the microphone module in specific use, when the microphone is not required for sound collection, the microphone module is located in the housing Inside, that is, the sound pickup hole is hidden inside the shell, so that the sound pickup hole cannot be seen from the appearance of the electronic device; when the microphone is needed for sound collection, the microphone module is driven to move through the driving structure so that the sound pickup hole is located The outside of the shell, and then realize the sound pickup function.
  • the display screen is a large-sized display screen
  • the microphone pickup assembly in the housing near the top of the housing and close to the center area of the housing, when the microphone module is in the raised position, multiple The sound pickup holes are also arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line of the display screen, so that no matter which of the two opposite sides of the electronic device the user is located, the sound pickup distance (that is, the distance between the user and the sound pickup hole) is the same.
  • the top surface of the microphone module is flush with the top surface of the housing. This can improve the appearance of the electronic device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of an electronic device in the prior art
  • 2a is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application with a sound pickup hole located on the outside of the housing;
  • 2b is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device with a sound pickup hole located outside the housing according to an embodiment of the application;
  • 2c is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device with a sound pickup hole located outside the housing according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 2d is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the sound pickup hole of the electronic device is located inside the housing according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application with a sound pickup hole located inside a housing;
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure of the electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application in which the sound pickup hole is located on the outside of the housing;
  • 4a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microphone module of the microphone pickup assembly provided by an embodiment of the application when the microphone module is not moving;
  • 4b is a schematic structural diagram of the microphone module of the microphone pickup assembly provided by the embodiment of the application after moving;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the guiding structure and the fixed support provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a partial schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the microphone module, the sliding sleeve, the guide shaft, and the fixed support provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of M in Figure 5;
  • Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of N in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure of a guide shaft provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • 11 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the guide shaft and the first limit pad and the second limit pad provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a sliding sleeve provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is an exploded view of a microphone module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 15 is an exploded view of the dust-proof structure provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • 16b is a diagram of the positional relationship between the sound pickup hole and the microphone provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • 16c is a diagram of the positional relationship between the sound pickup hole and the microphone provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 17 is an exploded view of a microphone pickup assembly provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 18 is an exploded view of a fixed support provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the electronic device includes: a housing 2, a display screen 3, and a microphone pickup assembly 1, wherein the display screen 3 is arranged in the housing On 2, the microphone pickup assembly 1 is also set on the housing 2.
  • the microphone pickup component is used as a video and audio recording device.
  • the display screen of the electronic device may be a small display screen or a large display screen (for example, 50 inches or more).
  • the microphone pickup assembly 1 includes: a fixed support 11, a microphone module 12, and a driving structure 13, a fixed support 11 and a driving structure 13 is arranged in the housing of the electronic device, the microphone module 12 has a pickup hole 125, the drive structure 13 is relatively fixed to the fixed support 11, the drive structure 13 is connected to the microphone module 12, and the drive structure 13 is used to drive the microphone module 12
  • the relative fixed support 11 moves between the raised position and the lowered position along the first direction (P1 direction in FIG.
  • the housing 2 is provided with an escape hole 201 for the microphone module 12 to pass through (as shown in FIG. 3a) ), when the microphone module 12 is in the raised position, the sound pickup hole 125 is located outside the housing of the electronic device (as shown in Figure 2a), when the microphone module 12 is in the lowered position, the sound pickup hole 125 is hidden in the electronic device The inside of the shell (as shown in Figure 2b).
  • the driving structure can drive the microphone module to move relative to the fixed support to move the pickup hole from the inside of the housing to the outside of the housing, and then use the pickup hole to perform Set tone. If the microphone is not needed, the driving structure can drive the microphone module to move relative to the fixed support, so as to move the pickup hole exposed on the outside of the housing to the inside of the housing for hiding. That is to say, when the microphone module is not used, the sound pickup hole is hidden inside the housing, so that the sound pickup hole is invisible from the appearance of the electronic device, which will improve the appearance of the electronic device. Compared with the prior art sound pickup hole that is always exposed on the outside of the housing, the influence on the sound pickup effect is reduced, and the appearance of the electronic device is also improved.
  • the location of the microphone pickup assembly 1 in the housing 2 is: referring to Figure 2a, the microphone pickup assembly 1 is located in the housing 2 near the top of the housing 1 and close to the center area of the housing. Refer to Figure 3a, the escape hole 201 is opened on the top of the housing 1. In other words, when the sound pickup hole is on the top of the housing when it is moved out, the sound pickup effect will be better than if the sound pickup hole is arranged in another position.
  • the sound pickup hole 125 of the embodiment of the present application has multiple sound pickup holes 125, and the multiple sound pickup holes 125 are arranged at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the multiple sound pickup holes 125
  • the sound pickup holes 125 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line O1O2 of the microphone module.
  • the technical effect produced by this design is as follows: referring to Figure 2a, since the multiple pickup holes 125 are arranged at intervals along the P2 direction perpendicular to the P1 direction, and are arranged symmetrically about the center line of the microphone module, the user is standing on the side of the electronic device Regardless of which side of the two sides, as shown in Figure 2a, whether the user is in the B1 position or the B2 position, the pickup distance (that is, the distance from the user to the pickup hole) is equivalent, so the pickup effect is similar and will not appear
  • the sound pickup effect when the user is in the B1 position is better than the sound pickup when the user is in the B2 position.
  • the multiple sound pickup holes 125 are arranged at intervals along the P2 direction perpendicular to the P1 direction. During the lifting process of the microphone module, all the sound pickup holes can be exposed or hidden at the same time.
  • the symmetrical arrangement of multiple sound pickup holes with respect to the center line of the microphone module means that when the number of sound pickup holes is an even number, the even number of sound pickup holes are symmetrically arranged about the center line of the microphone module; When the number of sound pickup holes is an odd number, one of them is close to the center line of the microphone module, and the others are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line of the microphone module.
  • the multiple sound pickup holes have a variety of arrangements.
  • the multiple pickup holes 125 are arranged on a straight line parallel to the direction P2; for another example, referring to Figure 2b, the multiple pickup holes 125 are arranged A plurality of straight lines are arranged, and the sound pickup holes on every two adjacent straight lines are spaced; for another example, referring to FIG. 2c, a plurality of sub sound pickup holes 128 are provided on the periphery of each sound pickup hole 125, and the sound pickup holes The aperture of the hole 128 is smaller than the aperture of the sound pickup hole 125, and a plurality of sub sound pickup holes 128 on the periphery of each sound pickup hole are arranged in a ring shape.
  • the top surface of the microphone module is flush with the top surface of the housing.
  • the microphone pickup assembly further includes a guide structure 4, and the two opposite sides of the microphone module 12 are fixed by the guide structure 4
  • the support 11 is connected, and the guide structure 4 is used to guide the microphone module 12 to slide in the first direction relative to the fixed support 11. That is, under the guidance of the guiding structure, the microphone module 12 will move smoothly in the first direction.
  • the achievable structure of the guiding structure has many situations, which will be explained by two embodiments below.
  • the guiding structure 4 includes a guiding shaft 14 and a sliding sleeve 15.
  • the guiding shaft 14 is relatively fixed to the fixed support 11, and the extending direction of the guiding shaft 14 is parallel to the first direction, and the sliding sleeve 15 It is sleeved on the outside of the guide shaft 14, and the sliding sleeve 15 can slide along the extending direction of the guide shaft 14, and the microphone module 12 and the sliding sleeve 15 are relatively fixed.
  • the sliding sleeve 15 connected to the microphone module 12 will follow the guide shaft 14 Sliding in the extension direction to ensure that the microphone module 12 moves smoothly under the drive of the driving structure.
  • the guide structure includes: matched guide rails and guide grooves, one of the guide rails and the guide grooves is arranged on the fixed support, and the other is arranged on the microphone module.
  • the fixed support 11 has ear sockets 16 at positions close to both ends of the guide shaft 14, and the ear sockets 16 have sockets, and the guide shaft 14 is fixed through the sockets.
  • the sliding sleeve 15 is slidably arranged on the shaft section of the guide shaft 14 between the two ear seats 16.
  • the guide shaft and the sliding sleeve adopt this kind of fixed structure.
  • the sliding sleeve 15 is slidably arranged on the shaft section of the guide shaft 14 between the two ear seats 16, and the two ear seats arranged oppositely also play a limiting role.
  • the sliding sleeve 15 is prevented from sliding out of the end of the guide shaft 14. That is, the ear base 16 not only functions as a mounting seat, but also functions as the left and right side of the limiting structure. Compared with the setting of the mounting seat and the limiting structure, the structure of the entire microphone pickup assembly is simplified.
  • the guide shaft 14 is plugged into the ear seat 16 through a pin, that is to say, a pin hole is opened on the guide shaft 14, and the depth direction It is perpendicular to the axial direction of the guide shaft, and the position of the corresponding pin hole of the ear seat is also provided with a bolt hole, and the bolt is inserted into the two bolt holes to fix the guide shaft and the ear seat.
  • one end of the guide shaft 14 is sleeved with a first limit pad 17 and a second limit pad 18, and the first limit pad 17 and the second limit pad 18 are located in the guide In the slot 141 at the end of the shaft 14, the first limit pad 17 and the second limit pad 18 are located on opposite sides of the ear seat 16, and the guide shafts inserted into the insertion holes of the two opposite ear seats pass through the first A limit pad and a second limit pad prevent the guide shaft from moving relative to the ear seat so as to connect the guide shaft with the ear seat.
  • the first limit pad and the second limit pad can be metal spring pads or circlips, or other structures can be selected.
  • FIG. 12 is a structural diagram of the sliding sleeve 15.
  • the sliding sleeve 15 is provided with an insertion hole 151 for passing through the guide shaft, and the insertion hole 151 is in clearance fit with the guide shaft, and the sliding sleeve 15 is also provided with a connecting piece
  • the mounting hole 152 is used to fix the sliding sleeve 15 and the microphone module through the connecting piece arranged in the connecting piece mounting hole 152.
  • the microphone pickup assembly further includes: a plurality of push rods 131, the plurality of push rods 131 relative to the microphone module
  • the center line O1O2 of the group 12 is arranged symmetrically, a plurality of push rods are connected to the microphone module 12, a driving structure 13 is connected to a plurality of push rods 131, and the driving structure 13 is used to drive the plurality of push rods 131 synchronously in parallel with the first direction Move in the direction to drive the microphone module 12 to move in the first direction.
  • the combination of a plurality of symmetrically arranged push rods 131 and the guide structure arranged on opposite sides of the microphone module can produce the following technical effect: the push and pull force of the push rods received by the microphone module is uniform, avoiding the push and pull on one end When the force is large and the push-pull force on one end is small, the microphone module with uniform force slides relative to the fixed support along the relatively arranged guide structure. Compared with the prior art, it will effectively reduce the microphone module jamming during the movement. It is possible that even if the size of the microphone module is large, it will still move smoothly.
  • the driving structure for driving a plurality of push rods has various embodiments, and the following two embodiments are used for explanation.
  • the driving structure includes: a transmission mechanism and a driving motor, that is, a plurality of push rods are connected to a driving motor through a transmission mechanism, the output shaft of the driving motor rotates, and the transmission mechanism is used to convert the rotation motion of the output shaft of the driving motor into The push rod moves linearly in the first direction.
  • the driving structure includes a plurality of telescopic cylinders.
  • the movement direction of the telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder is parallel to the first direction.
  • the telescopic rod of each telescopic cylinder is connected to a push rod, and the telescopic extension is used to drive the push rod to move in the first direction.
  • the microphone module is driven to move in the first direction relative to the fixed support.
  • One drive motor drives multiple push rods to move at the same time. Compared with the use of multiple telescopic rods to drive multiple push rods, the pace of the multiple push rods will be more consistent, so that the push and pull force of the microphone module is received. It will be more uniform, and there will be less jamming.
  • the transmission mechanism includes: a transmission screw, a traction member and a guide structure.
  • One end of the transmission screw is connected with the output shaft of the driving motor, and the transmission screw is arranged parallel to the first direction.
  • a plurality of push rods are connected to drive the plurality of push rods to move synchronously; the guiding structure, the guiding structure is used to guide the traction member to move along the drive screw.
  • a guide block can be provided on the side of the transmission screw, and a guide groove is provided on the guide block.
  • the extension direction of the guide groove is consistent with the extension direction of the transmission screw.
  • the part of the traction member passes through the guide groove so that when the transmission screw rotates , Under the action of the guide groove, it moves linearly along the drive screw.
  • the working principle of this embodiment is: the output shaft of the drive motor rotates to drive the transmission wheel to rotate.
  • the transmission wheel drives the moving rod to move linearly in the first direction through the meshing transmission, and then drives the multiple push rods to synchronize in the first direction through the connecting rod. Move, and finally push the microphone module to move linearly relative to the fixed support.
  • the microphone module 12 includes: a lifting shell 126, a circuit board 121, a cover plate 124, a microphone element 122, and a dustproof structure 127.
  • the lifting shell 126 is connected to a driving structure, and the driving structure can The lifting shell 126 is driven to move relative to the fixed support, the circuit board 121 is arranged in the lifting shell 126, the cover plate 124 is arranged opposite to the circuit board 121, the lifting shell 126 is provided with an opening 1261, the cover plate 124 is arranged at the opening 1261, and the microphone element 122 is arranged on the side of the circuit board 121 facing away from the cover plate 124, the circuit board 121 is provided with a sound guide hole 123 (as shown in FIG.
  • the sound pickup hole 125 is opened on the cover plate 124 (As shown in Figure 14)
  • the sound can be transmitted from the sound pickup hole 125 to the sound guide hole 123
  • the dust-proof structure 127 is arranged between the cover plate 124 and the circuit board 121, and the dust-proof structure 127 covers the opening of the sound pickup hole 124 And the opening of the sound guide hole 123.
  • the circuit board 12 provided with the microphone element 122 is arranged in the space inside the lifting shell 126 to protect the electronic components on the circuit board 122.
  • the specific process of collecting sound of the microphone module 12 of this structure is as follows: the sound passes through the pickup hole 125 on the cover plate 124, is filtered under the action of the dust-proof structure 127, and then passes through the sound guide hole 123 to the microphone element. 122.
  • the material of the cover plate 124 may be glass or metal, and the material of the cover plate is not limited here.
  • the dust-proof structure 127 includes: at least two layers of stacked dust-proof nets 1271, each two adjacent layers of dust-proof nets 1271 are bonded, and the dust-proof net and the cover close to the cover plate Board bonding, and bonding of the dust-proof net near the circuit board to the circuit board.
  • the dust-proof structure 127 includes a single-layer dust-proof net, and two opposite sides of the dust-proof net are respectively bonded to the corresponding cover plate and the circuit board.
  • the present application preferably adopts the dust-proof structure as shown in FIG. 15 because the dust-proof structure has a multi-layer dust-proof net, and the use of a multi-layer dust-proof net will further improve the dust-proof effect compared to a single-layer dust-proof net. It can achieve effective dust-proofing while reducing the influence on the sound pickup effect, and the dust-proof net is preferably in two layers.
  • first adhesive layer 1272 for example, a foam adhesive layer
  • second adhesive layer 1273 for example, PET substrate double-sided adhesive layer
  • the first adhesive layer may also be an adhesive layer of other materials.
  • the second adhesive layer may also be an adhesive layer of other materials.
  • the microphone module When the microphone module is in the raised position, that is, on the premise that the sound pickup hole is exposed, in order to shorten the height dimension of the microphone module protruding to the outside of the housing (H1 in Figure 16a and H2 in Figure 16b), To improve the appearance of electronic equipment.
  • the plane (A1 surface) where the end of the microphone 122 away from the fixed support 11 is located passes through the pickup hole 125, or, as shown in FIG. 16b, the end of the microphone 122 away from the fixed support 11 The plane of the part is flush with the surface of the sound pickup hole 125 away from the fixed support 11.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 16c is that the plane of the end of the microphone 122 away from the fixed support 11 is located on the outside of the sound pickup hole and on the side away from the fixed support.
  • the dotted line L in FIGS. 16a to 16c is the surface of the housing of the electronic device
  • H1 in the structure shown in FIG. 16a is the height dimension of the microphone module located outside the housing of the electronic device
  • H2 in the structure is the height dimension of the microphone module located outside the housing of the electronic device
  • H3 in the structure shown in FIG. 16c is the height dimension of the microphone module located outside the housing of the electronic device.
  • H1 and H2 are equal to the diameter D of the pickup hole 124 plus the distance X between the side wall of the pickup hole 124 and the top surface of the cover plate 124, from Figure 16c, H3 Equal to the diameter D of the pickup hole 125 plus the distance X between the side wall of the pickup hole 125 and the top surface of the cover plate 124, plus the distance between the top surface of the cover plate 124 and the top surface of the circuit board 121 Y, from H1 and H2 and H3, it is obvious that H3 is greater than H1 and H2.
  • the microphone pickup assembly further includes a position detection structure.
  • the position detection structure includes: a magnetic induction sensor and a magnet.
  • the magnetic induction sensor is arranged on the circuit board, and the magnet 19 is fixed on the fixed support 11 (as shown in Figures 5 and 6).
  • the magnetic induction sensor It can sense the change of the magnetic field of the magnet and output a changing electric signal.
  • the electrical signal output by the magnetic induction sensor reaches the preset electrical signal value, the preset position is reached.
  • the size of the entire microphone pickup assembly will be reduced, and correspondingly, the space in the housing of the electronic device will also be reduced. The space occupied.
  • two push rods can be provided, and one on each side of the driving structure.
  • the microphone module is pushed and pulled through the two push rods, and the push and pull force received by the microphone module will be relatively uniform. Achieve smooth movement of the microphone module.
  • a cavity is formed in the fixed support, the driving structure and the microphone module are both arranged in the cavity, and the fixed support also has a perforation communicating with the cavity.
  • the drive structure and the microphone module are arranged in the cavity to protect the electronic components.
  • the microphone module is located in the cavity, which protects the microphone module , It can also make the whole structure compact, and open perforations on the fixed support to realize the movement of the microphone module between the raised position and the lowered position.
  • the fixed support When the fixed support is fixed in the housing of an electronic device with a larger size display screen, because there are many other components in the housing, the structure is compact, which will easily cause other structures to contact the fixed support , And even squeeze the fixed support, which may cause the fixed support to tilt toward the microphone module to interfere with the microphone module and affect the movement of the microphone module.
  • the fixed support The side of the base opposite to the microphone module is made of rigid material, that is, the rigid structure prevents the fixed support from cleaning toward the microphone module to prevent it from moving.
  • the fixed support 11 includes: a frame 111 (including a bottom plate and two opposite side plates), a front cover 112, a back cover 113, and a sealing cover 114.
  • the bottom plate and the two opposite side plates can be integrally formed into the frame body 11, or assembled through connectors.
  • the front cover plate 112 and the back cover plate 113 are oppositely arranged on both sides of the frame body, and are connected to the frame body through the connectors.
  • the bottom plate and the side plates of the frame are detachably connected, and the sealing cover 114 is arranged on the top of the frame 111 and is detachably connected with the two side plates of the frame.
  • the bottom plate, the two side plates, the front cover plate and the back cover plate and the sealing cover Enclosed with a cavity.
  • the front cover 112 After the drive structure and the microphone module are installed on the frame 111, the front cover 112, the back cover 113 and the sealing cover 114 are then installed, which is also convenient for maintenance and repair during maintenance.
  • the perforation 114 is opened on the sealing cover 114 to facilitate the microphone module to move out of the perforation to the outside of the cavity when the microphone module is moved.
  • the front cover and the back cover are made of steel plates with higher mechanical strength.
  • the steel plates with higher mechanical strength are used to increase the strength of the front cover and the back cover to avoid the appearance of the front cover.
  • the board and the back cover are squeezed by other structures and interfere with the microphone module.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种麦克风拾音组件及电子设备，涉及电子设备技术领域。该麦克风拾音组件包括固定支座；具有拾音孔的麦克风模组，麦克风模组至少包括麦克风元件；驱动结构，与固定支座相对固定，且驱动结构与麦克风模组连接，驱动结构用于带动麦克风模组相对固定支座沿第一方向移动；拾音孔具有多个，多个拾音孔沿与第一方向相垂直的方向间隔布设，且多个拾音孔相对麦克风模组的中心线对称布设，中心线平行于第一方向，麦克风元件具有多个，多个拾音孔与多个麦克风元件一对一设置。

Description

一种麦克风拾音组件及电子设备
本申请要求于2020年4月3日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202010261505.9、申请名称为“一种麦克风拾音组件及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电子设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种麦克风拾音组件及电子设备。
背景技术
电子设备中一般都设置有麦克风，用作录音之用，作为视频和音频的记录装置。如图1所示，用于收集声音的拾音孔03一般开设在电子设备01的外壳02的正面(即暴露在外壳02的正对用户的一面上)。
在具体设计拾音孔大小时，需要在保障电子设备外形美观度和拾音效果之间取得平衡，因为拾音孔太小时，则影响拾音效果，拾音孔太大时，又会相对应的降低电子设备的外形美观度。所以，在具体实施时，设计一种既要保障拾音效果，又不会降低外形美观度的拾音孔成为电子设备的设计难点。且随着科技的发展，用户对电子设备的收音效果以及外形美观度需求愈来愈高的情况下，该设计难点愈发突出。
发明内容
本申请提供一种麦克风拾音组件及电子设备，主要目的是在减少对拾音效果影响的前提下，提高电子设备的外形美观度。
为达到上述目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请提供了一种麦克风拾音组件，用于设置在电子设备上，该麦克风拾音组件包括：
固定支座；
具有拾音孔的麦克风模组，所述麦克风模组至少包括麦克风元件；
驱动结构，与所述固定支座相对固定，且所述驱动结构与所述麦克风模组连接，所述驱动结构用于带动所述麦克风模组相对所述固定支座沿第一方向移动；
所述拾音孔具有多个，多个所述拾音孔沿与所述第一方向相垂直的方向间隔布设，且多个所述拾音孔相对所述麦克风模组的中心线对称布设，所述中心线平行于所述第一方向，所述麦克风元件具有多个，多个所述拾音孔与多个所述麦克风元件一对一设置。
本申请提供的麦克风拾音组件，由于驱动结构能够带动麦克风模组相对固定支座移动，在具体实施时，将该麦克风拾音组件安装在具有较大尺寸的显示屏的电子设备的外壳内，驱动结构带动麦克风模组相对固定支座在升起位置和回落位置之间移动，当驱动结构带动麦克风模组移动至升起位置时，拾音孔就位于电子设备的外壳的外部，当驱动结构带动麦克风模组移动至回落位置时，拾音孔隐藏在电子设备的外壳的内部。这样在具体实施时， 若需要进行视频或音频时，就通过驱动结构驱动麦克风模组以使拾音孔移动至电子设备的外壳的外部，以进行拾音，若不需要进行视频或音频时，可通过驱动结构驱动麦克风模组以使拾音孔隐藏在电子设备的外壳的内部，也就是说，在不使用麦克风模组时，可以将拾音孔隐藏。这样在减小对影响拾音效果影响的基础上，也会提高电子设备的外形美观度。
另外，由于将拾音孔和相对应的麦克风元件设置多个，且将拾音孔按照与第一方向垂直的第二方向间隔布设，同时，多个拾音孔相对麦克风模组的中心线对称布设，因为将该麦克风拾音组件用于具有较大显示屏的电子设备上时，拾音孔的多少以及布设方式很影响拾音效果，本申请采用多个且相对称布设的拾音孔不会降低对拾音效果的影响。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中，所述麦克风模组还包括：升降壳，所述升降壳与所述驱动结构连接，所述驱动结构能够驱动所述升降壳相对所述固定支座移动；线路板，设置在所述升降壳内；盖板，与所述线路板相对布设，所述升降壳上开设有开口，所述盖板设置在所述开口处；所述麦克风元件设置在所述线路板的背离所述盖板的侧面上，所述线路板的相对所述麦克风元件的位置处开设有导声孔，所述拾音孔开设在所述盖板上，声音能够从所述拾音孔传送至所述导声孔；防尘结构，设置在所述盖板与所述线路板之间，所述防尘结构遮挡在所述拾音孔的开口处和所述导声孔的开口处。通过在盖板上开设拾音孔，并在盖板与线路板之间设置防尘结构，再在线路板上开设导声孔，这样的话，集中至拾音孔的声音通过防尘结构的过滤，再通过导声孔传至麦克风元件，利用防尘结构防止通过拾音孔的灰尘进入麦克风元件，以提高集音效果，且通过将具有麦克风元件的线路板设置在升降壳内，对线路板、麦克风元件以及防尘结构起到保护作用，延长使用寿命。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中，所述防尘结构包括：至少两层层叠布设的防尘网，每相邻两层所述防尘网之间粘结，靠近所述盖板的所述防尘网与所述盖板粘结，以及靠近所述线路板的所述防尘网与所述线路板粘结。利用多层防尘网对灰尘进行过滤，以提高防尘效果。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中，所述麦克风的远离所述固定支座的端部所处的平面穿过所述拾音孔，或，所述麦克风的远离所述固定支座的端部所处的平面与所述拾音孔的远离所述固定支座的面相平齐。这样设计所达到的技术效果为：若将麦克风的远离固定支座的端部所处的平面位于拾音孔的远离所述固定支座的侧面的外侧，这样在移动麦克风模组且需要将拾音孔外露至电子设备的外壳的外部时，移动的距离大于采用本申请时所移动的距离，则采用本申请时会缩短外露在电子设备的外壳的外部的线路板和盖板的高度尺寸，以提高外形美观度。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中，还包括：导向结构，所述麦克风模组相对的两侧面均通过所述导向结构与所述固定支座连接，所述导向结构用于引导所述麦克风模组相对所述固定支座沿所述第一方向滑动。通过在麦克风模组的两侧面均设置导向结构，以引导麦克风模组相对固定支座滑动，以提高麦克风模组移动的稳定性。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中，所述导向结构包括：导向轴，与所述固定支座相对固定，且所述导向轴的延伸方向平行于所述第一方向；滑套，套在所述导向轴的外部，且所述滑套能够沿所述导向轴的延伸方向滑动，所述麦克风模组与所述滑套相对固定。采用间隙配合的导向轴和滑套实现麦克风模组的滑动，该导向结构简单，实施也方便。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中，所述驱动结构包括：多个推杆，与所述麦克风模组相 对固定，所述多个推杆相对所述麦克风模组的中心线对称布设；传动机构，所述多个推杆通过所述传动机构与同一个驱动电机连接，所述传动机构能够将所述驱动电机的输出轴的旋转运动转换为所述推杆沿所述第一方向的直线运动。利用多个对称设置的推杆，可使对麦克风模组的推拉力均匀，以避免麦克风模组在移动过程中出现卡滞的现象，且多个推杆通过一个驱动电机带动相比采用多个驱动电机驱动，一是会降低制造成本，二是会降低噪音。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中，所述传动机构包括：传动螺杆，所述传动螺杆的一端与所述驱动电机的输出轴连接，且所述传动螺杆沿平行于所述第一方向设置；牵引件，所述牵引件与所述传动螺杆螺纹配合，所述牵引件与所述多个推杆连接，以带动所述多个推杆同步移动；引导结构，所述引导结构用于引导所述牵引件沿所述传动螺杆移动。该传动机构利用螺旋传动以使麦克风模组相对固定支座移动，该传动机构不仅结构简单，传动也稳定。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中，所述固定支座内形成有腔体，所述驱动结构和所述麦克风模组均设置在所述腔体内，所述固定支座还具有与所述腔体连通的穿孔，在所述麦克风模组相对所述固定支座移动时，能够穿过所述穿孔伸出至所述腔体的外部。通过将驱动结构和麦克风模组设置在腔体内，以对电子元器件起到保护作用，另外，当麦克风模组处于回落位置时，麦克风模组位于腔体内，既对麦克风模组起到保护作用，还能够使整个结构紧凑，并在密封盖上开设穿孔，以实现麦克风模组在升起位置和回落位置之间移动。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中，所述固定支座的相对所述麦克风模组的侧面为刚性材料制得。因为将该麦克风拾音组件安装在电子设备的外壳内时，由于外壳内的其他结构可能会与固定支座相接触，甚至造成挤压，通过将固定支座的响度麦克风模组的侧面设置为刚性结构，这样就可以避免受到挤压的固定支座朝麦克风模组方向倾斜，进而和麦克风模组干涉，影响麦克风模组的移动。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种电子设备，包括：外壳，具有供所述麦克风模组穿过的避让孔；显示屏，设置在所述外壳上；上述第一方面或第一方面的任一实现方式中的麦克风拾音组件，所述麦克风拾音组件设置在所述外壳内的靠近所述外壳顶部的位置处，且靠近所述外壳的中心区域，所述避让孔开设在所述外壳的顶部，所述驱动结构用于带动所述麦克风模组相对所述固定支座在升起位置和回落位置之间移动，在所述麦克风模组处于所述升起位置时，所述拾音孔位于所述外壳的外部，在所述麦克风模组处于所述回落位置时，所述拾音孔隐藏在所述外壳的内部。
本申请提供的电子设备，由于麦克风拾音组件采用了上述第一方面的任一实现方式中的麦克风拾音组件，在具体使用时，当不需要麦克风进行集音时，麦克风模组位于外壳的内部，即拾音孔隐藏在外壳的内部，这样从电子设备的外观是看不到拾音孔的；当需要麦克风进行集音时，通过驱动结构驱动麦克风模组移动，以使拾音孔位于外壳的外部，进而实现拾音功能。
当该显示屏为尺寸较大的显示屏时，通过将麦克风拾音组件设置在外壳内的靠近外壳顶部的位置处，且靠近外壳的中心区域，这样麦克风模组处于升起位置时，多个拾音孔也会相对显示屏的中心线对称布设，这样用户不管位于电子设备的相对两侧中的哪一侧，拾音距离(即用户距离拾音孔的距离)都相当。
在第二方面可能的实现方式中，在所述麦克风模组处于所述回落位置时，所述麦克风模组的顶面与所述外壳的顶面相平齐。这样能够提高电子设备的外形美观度。
附图说明
图1为现有技术的电子设备的外形结构示意图；
图2a为本申请实施例提供的电子设备的拾音孔位于外壳的外部的结构示意图；
图2b为本申请实施例提供的电子设备的拾音孔位于外壳的外部的结构示意图；
图2c为本申请实施例提供的电子设备的拾音孔位于外壳的外部的结构示意图；
图2d为本申请实施例提供的电子设备的拾音孔位于外壳的内部的结构示意图；
图3a为本申请实施例提供的电子设备的拾音孔位于外壳的内部的部分结构示意图；
图3b为本申请实施例提供的电子设备的拾音孔位于外壳的外部的部分结构示意图；
图4a为本申请实施例提供的麦克风拾音组件的麦克风模组未移动时的结构示意图；
图4b为本申请实施例提供的麦克风拾音组件的麦克风模组移动后的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供导向结构和固定支座的连接关系示意图；
图6为图5的爆炸图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的麦克风模组、滑套、导向轴和固定支座的连接关系的局部示意图；
图8为图5的M处放大图；
图9为图5的N处放大图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的导向轴的部分结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的导向轴与第一限位垫以及第二限位垫的连接关系示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的滑套的结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的麦克风模组的爆炸图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的防尘结构与盖板以及线路板连接关系的剖面图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的防尘结构的爆炸图；
图16a为本申请实施例提供的拾音孔与麦克风的位置关系图；
图16b为本申请实施例提供的拾音孔与麦克风的位置关系图；
图16c为本申请实施例提供的拾音孔与麦克风的位置关系图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的麦克风拾音组件的爆炸图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的固定支座的爆炸图。
附图标记：
01-电子设备；02-外壳；03-拾音孔；1-麦克风拾音组件；11-固定支座；111-框体；112-前盖板；113-背盖板；114-密封盖；1141-穿孔；12-麦克风模组；121-线路板；122-麦克风元件；123-导声孔；124-盖板；125-拾音孔；126-升降壳；1261-开口；1262-凹陷区；127-防尘结构；1271-防尘网；1272-第一胶层；1273-第二胶层；128-子拾音孔；13-驱动结构；131-推杆；14-导向轴；141-卡槽；15-滑套；151-插孔；152-连接件安装孔；16-耳座；17-第一限位垫；18-第二限位垫；19-磁铁；2-外壳；21-避让孔；3-显示屏；4-导向结构。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例涉及麦克风拾音组件及电子设备，下面结合附图对麦克风拾音组件及电子设备进行详细描述。
本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，参照图2a至图2d、图3a和图3b，该电子设备包括：外壳2、显示屏3和麦克风拾音组件1，其中，显示屏3设置在外壳2上，麦克风拾音组件1也设置在外壳2上。该麦克风拾音组件作为视频和音频的记录装置。
需要说明的是，该电子设备的显示屏可以是小显示屏，也可以是大显示屏(例如，50英寸以上)。
为了既要减少对拾音效果的影响，又可提高电子设备的外形美观度。本申请实施例提供了一种麦克风拾音组件1，参照图4a和图4b，该麦克风拾音组件1包括：固定支座11、麦克风模组12和驱动结构13，固定支座11和驱动结构13设置在电子设备的外壳内，麦克风模组12具有拾音孔125，驱动结构13与固定支座11相对固定，驱动结构13与麦克风模组12连接，驱动结构13用于带动麦克风模组12相对固定支座11沿第一方向(如图4b的P1方向)在升起位置和回落位置之间移动，外壳2上开设有供麦克风模组12穿过的避让孔201(如图3a所示)，在麦克风模组12处于升起位置时，拾音孔125位于电子设备的外壳的外部(如图2a所示)，在麦克风模组12处于回落位置时，拾音孔125隐藏在电子设备的外壳的内部(如图2b所示)。
具体实施时，若视频需要开启麦克风或音频需要开启麦克风时，驱动结构可驱动麦克风模组相对固定支座移动，以将拾音孔从外壳的内部移出至外壳的外部，进而利用拾音孔进行集音。若不需要麦克风时，驱动结构可驱动麦克风模组相对固定支座移动，以将外露在外壳的外部的拾音孔移动至外壳的内部，进行隐藏。也就是说，在不使用麦克风模组时，拾音孔是隐藏在外壳的内部的，这样从电子设备的外形是看不见的拾音孔的，进而会提高电子设备的外形美观度。相比现有技术的一直外露在外壳的外部的拾音孔，即减少了对拾音效果的影响，还提高了电子设备的外形美观度。
麦克风拾音组件1在外壳2内的设置位置为：参照图2a，麦克风拾音组件1设置在外壳2内的靠近外壳1顶部的位置处，且靠近外壳的中心区域，参照图3a，避让孔201开设在外壳1的顶部。也就是说，当拾音孔移出时处于外壳的顶部相比将拾音孔设置在其他位置，拾音效果会更好。
当将该麦克风拾音组件应用在大显示屏的电子设备的外壳内时，拾音孔125的布设方式对拾音效果影响是很大的。为了减少了对拾音效果的影响，参照图4a所示，本申请实施例的拾音孔125具有多个，多个拾音孔125沿与第一方向相垂直的方向间隔布设，且多个拾音孔125相对麦克风模组的中心线O1O2对称布设，麦克风模组中的麦克风元件也具有多个，多个麦克风元件与多个拾音孔一对一设置。
这样设计所产生的技术效果为：参照图2a，由于多个拾音孔125沿与P1方向相垂直的P2方向间隔布设，且关于麦克风模组的中心线对称布设，这样用户站在电子设备的两侧中的不论哪一侧，如图2a用户不论处于B1位置还是处于B2位置，拾音距离(即用户至拾音孔的距离)是相当的，所以拾音效果也是差不多的，不会出现用户处于B1位置时的拾音效果好于处于B2位置时的拾音效果。另外，将多个拾音孔125沿与P1方向相垂直的P2方向间隔布设，麦克风模组在升降的过程中，所有的拾音孔可以同时露出或者同时 隐藏。
需要说明的是：多个拾音孔相对麦克风模组的中心线对称布设是指：当拾音孔的个数为偶数个时，偶数个的拾音孔关于麦克风模组的中心线对称布设；当拾音孔的个数为奇数个时，其中一个靠近麦克风模组的中心线，其余相对麦克风模组的中心线对称布设。
多个拾音孔具有多种布设方式，示例的，参照图2a，多个拾音孔125布设在与方向P2平行的一条直线上；再示例的，参照图2b，多个拾音孔125呈多条直线布设，且每相邻两条直线上的拾音孔是间隔的；再示例的，参照图2c，每一个拾音孔125的外围设置有多个子拾音孔128，且子拾音孔128的孔径小于拾音孔125的孔径，且每一个拾音孔的外围的多个子拾音孔128呈环形布设。
为了进一步提高电子设备的外形美观度，在麦克风模组处于回落位置时，麦克风模组的顶面与外壳的顶面相平齐。
为了使麦克风模组在驱动结构的驱动下，平稳的沿第一方向移动，参照图4a，该麦克风拾音组件还包括导向结构4，麦克风模组12相对的两侧面均通过导向结构4与固定支座11连接，导向结构4用于引导麦克风模组12相对固定支座11沿第一方向滑动。即在导向结构的引导下，麦克风模组12会沿第一方向平稳的移动。
导向结构可实现的结构具有多种情况，下面通过两种实施例进行解释说明。
实施例一
参照图5、图6以及图7，导向结构4包括：导向轴14和滑套15，导向轴14与固定支座11相对固定，且导向轴14的延伸方向平行于第一方向，滑套15套在导向轴14的外部，且滑套15能够沿导向轴14的延伸方向滑动，麦克风模组12与滑套15相对固定。
当麦克风模组12在驱动结构的带动下相对固定支座11移动时，由于导向轴14的延伸方向平行于第一方向，这样与麦克风模组12连接的滑套15就会沿着导向轴14的延伸方向滑动，以确保麦克风模组12在驱动结构的带动下平稳的移动。
实施例二
导向结构包括：相配合的导轨和导向槽，导轨和导向槽中的其中一个设置在固定支座上，另一个设置在麦克风模组上。
在一些实施方式中，参照图8和图9，固定支座11的靠近导向轴14的两端部的位置处具有耳座16，耳座16上具有插孔，导向轴14穿过插孔固定在耳座16上，滑套15滑动设置在导向轴14的位于两个耳座16之间的轴段上。
导向轴和滑套采用该种固定结构，将滑套15滑动设置在导向轴14的位于两个耳座16之间的轴段上，相对设置的两个耳座还起到限位作用，以阻止滑套15从导向轴14的端部滑出。即耳座16既起到安装座的作用，还起到限位结构的左右，相比既要设置安装座，又要设置限位结构，简化了整个麦克风拾音组件的结构。
导向轴14在耳座16上的连接方式具有多种情况，示例的，导向轴14通过插销与耳座16插接，也就是说，在导向轴14上开设有插销孔，插销孔的深度方向与导向轴的轴向垂直，耳座的相对应插销孔的位置处也开设有插销孔，插销插在两个插销孔内，以将导向轴与耳座固定连接。再示例的，参照图10和图11，导向轴14的其中一端套设有第一限位垫17和第二限位垫18，且第一限位垫17和第二限位垫18位于导向轴14的端部的卡槽141内，第一限位垫17和第二限位垫18位于耳座16的相对的两侧，插入相对的两个耳座 的插孔内的导向轴通过第一限位垫和第二限位垫阻止导向轴相对耳座移动，以将导向轴与耳座连接。第一限位垫和第二限位垫可以选择金属弹垫或者卡簧，也可以选择其他结构。
如图12所示的为滑套15的结构示意图，滑套15上开设有用于穿过导向轴的插孔151，且该插孔151与导向轴为间隙配合，滑套15还设置有连接件安装孔152，通过设置在连接件安装孔152内的连接件将滑套15与麦克风模组固定连接。
为了使麦克风模组在移动过程中移动顺畅，降低出现卡滞的几率，以提高用户体验度，参照图4a，该麦克风拾音组件还包括：多个推杆131，多个推杆131相对麦克风模组12的中心线O1O2对称布设，多个推杆与麦克风模组12连接，驱动结构13与多个推杆131连接，驱动结构13用于带动多个推杆131同步沿与第一方向平行的方向移动，以带动麦克风模组12沿第一方向移动。
多个对称布设的推杆131与设置在麦克风模组相对两侧的导向结构相配合可产生下述技术效果：麦克风模组所受到的推杆的推拉力是均匀的，避免出现一端所受推拉力大，一端所受推拉力小的情况，受力均匀的麦克风模组沿着相对布设的导向结构相对固定支座滑动，相比现有技术，会有效降低麦克风模组在移动中出现卡滞的几率，即使麦克风模组的尺寸较大，依然也会移动顺畅。
用于带动多个推杆的驱动结构具有多种实施例，下面通过两种实施例进行解释说明。
实施例一
驱动结构包括：传动机构和一个驱动电机，即多个推杆通过传动机构与一个驱动电机连接，该驱动电机的输出轴做旋转运动，传动机构用于将驱动电机的输出轴的旋转运动转换为推杆沿第一方向移动的直线运动。
实施例二
驱动结构包括多个伸缩气缸，伸缩气缸的伸缩杆的移动方向平行于第一方向，每一个伸缩气缸的伸缩杆连接一个推杆，利用伸缩的伸缩以带动推杆沿第一方向的移动，进而带动麦克风模组相对固定支座沿第一方向移动。
通过一个驱动电机带动多个推杆同时移动，与采用多个伸缩杆带动多个推杆移动相比，多个推杆移动的步调会更加一致，这样麦克风模组所受到的推杆的推拉力会更加均匀，出现卡滞的现象更小。
传动机构具有多种可实现的方式，下面通过两种实施例解释说明。
实施例一
传动机构包括：传动螺杆、牵引件和引导结构，传动螺杆的一端与驱动电机的输出轴连接，且传动螺杆沿平行于沿平行于第一方向设置，牵引件与传动螺杆螺纹配合，牵引件与多个推杆连接，以带动多个推杆同步移动；引导结构，引导结构用于引导牵引件沿传动螺杆移动。
该实施例的工作原理为：驱动电机的输出轴旋转，带动传动螺杆旋转，由于牵引件与传动螺杆螺旋传动，在引导结构的作用下，牵引件沿传动螺杆做直线运动，以带动多个推杆做直线运动，最终推动麦克风模组相对固定支座做直线移动。
具体实施时，可以在传动螺杆的旁侧设置引导块，引导块上设置引导槽，引导槽的延伸方向与传动螺杆的延伸方向一致，牵引件的部分穿过引导槽，这样当传动螺杆转动时，在引导槽的作用下沿传动螺杆做直线运动。
实施例二
传动机构包括：传动轮和移动杆，传动轮安装在驱动电机的输出轴上，移动杆上具有沿第一方向布设的啮合齿，且移动杆上的啮合齿与传动轮相啮合，多个推杆通过连接杆连接，且连接杆与移动杆连接。
该实施例的工作原理为：驱动电机的输出轴旋转，带动传动轮旋转，传动轮通过啮合传动带动移动杆沿第一方向做直线移动，进而通过连接杆带动多个推杆沿第一方向同步移动，最终推动麦克风模组相对固定支座做直线移动。
本申请列举了传动机构的两种实施例，其他结构的实施例也在本申请的保护范围之内。
在一些实施方式中，参照图13，麦克风模组12包括：升降壳126、线路板121、盖板124、麦克风元件122和防尘结构127，其中，升降壳126与驱动结构连接，驱动结构能够驱动升降壳126相对固定支座移动，线路板121设置在升降壳126内，盖板124与线路板121相对布设，升降壳126上开设有开口1261，盖板124设置在开口1261处，麦克风元件122设置在线路板121的背离盖板124的侧面上，线路板121的相对麦克风元件122的位置处开设有导声孔123(如图14所示)，拾音孔125开设在盖板124上(如图14所示)，声音能够从拾音孔125传送至导声孔123，防尘结构127设置在盖板124与线路板121之间，防尘结构127遮盖在拾音孔124的开口处和导声孔123的开口处。
通过将设置有麦克风元件122的线路板12设置在升降壳126内部的空间内，以对线路板122上的电子元器件起到保护作用。
该结构的麦克风模组12集音的具体过程为：声音从盖板124上的拾音孔125穿过，在防尘结构127的作用下进行过滤，再穿过导声孔123传入麦克风元件122。
盖板124的材料可以是玻璃，也可以是金属，在此对盖板的材质不做限定。
在一些实施例中，参照图15，防尘结构127包括：至少两层层叠布设的防尘网1271，每相邻两层防尘网1271之间粘结，靠近盖板的防尘网与盖板粘结，以及靠近线路板的防尘网与线路板粘结。在另外一些实施例中，防尘结构127包括单层的防尘网，该防尘网相对的两侧分别与相对应的盖板和线路板粘结。
本申请优选于采用如图15所示的防尘结构，因为该防尘结构具有多层防尘网，采用多层防尘网相比单层防尘网会进一步提高防尘效果。在减少对拾音效果的影响下，可实现有效防尘，防尘网优选于两层。
在每相邻两层防尘网之间通过采用第一胶层1272(例如，泡棉胶层)连接，靠近盖板的防尘网和靠近线路板的防尘网通过第二胶层1273(例如，PET基材双面胶层)连接。当然，第一胶层还可以是其他材料的胶层，同理，第二胶层也可以是其他材料的胶层。
当麦克风模组位于升起位置时，即实现拾音孔外露的前提下，为了缩短伸出至外壳的外部的麦克风模组的高度尺寸(如图16a中的H1和图16b中的H2)，以提高电子设备的外形美观度。如图16a所示，麦克风122的远离固定支座11的端部所处的平面(A1面)穿过拾音孔125，或，如图16b所示，麦克风122的远离固定支座11的端部所处的平面与拾音孔125的远离固定支座11的面相平齐。
如图16c所示的结构是麦克风122的远离固定支座11的端部所处的平面处于拾音孔的外侧，且处于远离固定支座的一侧。如图16a至图16c中的虚线L为电子设备的外壳的表面，如图16a所示的结构中的H1为麦克风模组的位于电子设备的外壳的外部的高度尺 寸，如图16b所示的结构中的H2为麦克风模组的位于电子设备的外壳的外部的高度尺寸，如图16c所示的结构中的H3为麦克风模组的位于电子设备的外壳的外部的高度尺寸。
其中，由图16a和图16b看，H1和H2均等于拾音孔124的孔径D加上拾音孔124的侧壁至盖板124的顶面之间的距离X，由图16c看，H3等于拾音孔125的孔径D加上拾音孔125的侧壁至盖板124的顶面之间的距离X，再加上盖板124的顶面至线路板121的顶面之间的距离Y，由H1和H2以及H3，明显的看出，H3大于H1和H2，所以，将麦克风122的远离固定支座11的端部所处的平面(A1面)穿过拾音孔125或者麦克风122的远离固定支座11的端部所处的平面与拾音孔的远离固定支座的面相平齐时，麦克风模组移动的距离较短，这样最终外露在电子设备的外壳的外部的线路板和盖板的高度尺寸就会减小，以提高外形美观度。
为了对麦克风模组移动的距离进行检测，该麦克风拾音组件还包括：位置检测结构。该位置检测结构包括：磁感应传感器和磁铁，磁感应传感器设置在线路板上，磁铁19固定在固定支座11上(如图5和图6所示)，在麦克风模组移动的过程中，磁感应传感器能够感应磁铁的磁场的变化而输出变化的电信号。具体实施时，当磁感应传感器输出的电信号达到预设电信号值时，就达到可预设位置。
为了使麦克风拾音组件的结构紧凑，占用空间小，参照图17，驱动结构13靠近固定支座11的底部的中间位置设置，升降壳126的靠近驱动结构13的位置处形成有凹陷区1262，驱动结构13带动麦克风模组12能够在升起位置和回落位置之间移动，在麦克风模组12处于回落位置时，驱动结构13位于凹陷区1262内，在麦克风模组12处于升起位置时，驱动结构13脱离凹陷区1261。
也就是说，通过在升降壳126上形成用于放置驱动结构13的凹陷区1262，这样就会减小整个麦克风拾音组件的尺寸，相对应的，也会减小在电子设备的外壳内所占用的空间。
在图17所示的结构中，推杆可以设置两个，且驱动结构的两侧各设置一个，通过两个推杆推拉麦克风模组，且麦克风模组所受到的推拉力也会相对均匀，可实现麦克风模组移动顺畅。
在一些实施方式中，固定支座内形成有腔体，驱动结构和麦克风模组均设置在腔体内，固定支座还具有与腔体连通的穿孔，在麦克风模组相对固定支座移动时，能够穿过穿孔伸出至腔体的外部。通过将驱动结构和麦克风模组设置在腔体内，以对电子元器件起到保护作用，另外，当麦克风模组处于回落位置时，麦克风模组位于腔体内，既对麦克风模组起到保护作用，还可使整个结构紧凑，并在固定支座上开设穿孔，以实现麦克风模组在升起位置和回落位置之间移动。
当将该固定支座固定在具有较大尺寸的显示屏的电子设备的外壳内时，由于外壳内的其他元器件也较多，结构较紧凑，这样就容易导致其他结构与固定支座相接触，甚至对固定支座造成挤压，进而可能会出现固定支座朝麦克风模组的方向倾斜，以与麦克风模组发生干涉现象，影响麦克风模组的移动，为了避免出现这种现象，固定支座的相对麦克风模组的侧面采用刚性材料制得，即通过刚性结构防止固定支座朝麦克风模组清洗，以阻止其移动。
固定支座的结构具有多种情况，示例的，参照图18，固定支座11包括：框体111(包括底板和相对的两个侧板)、前盖板112、背盖板113和密封盖114，底板和相对的两个侧 板可以一体成型为框体11，也可以通过连接件组装，前盖板112和背盖板113相对设置在框体的两侧，并通过连接件与框体的底板和侧板可拆卸连接，密封盖114设置在框体111的顶部，并与框体的两个侧板可拆卸连接，底板、两个侧板、前盖板和背盖板以及密封盖围成有腔体。具体实施时，将驱动结构和麦克风模组安装在框体111后，再安装前盖板112、背盖板113和密封盖114，在维修时，也便于维护检修。穿孔114开设在密封盖114上，以便于麦克风模组在移动时，从穿孔移出至腔体的外部。
在图18所示的固定支座中，前盖板和背盖板选用具有较高机械强度的钢板，利用具有较高机械强度的钢板增加前盖板和背盖板的强度，避免出现前盖板和背盖板受到其他结构的挤压而与麦克风模组发生干涉。
在本说明书的描述中，具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种麦克风拾音组件，用于设置在电子设备上，其特征在于，包括：
    固定支座；
    具有拾音孔的麦克风模组，所述麦克风模组至少包括麦克风元件；
    驱动结构，与所述固定支座相对固定，且所述驱动结构与所述麦克风模组连接，所述驱动结构用于带动所述麦克风模组相对所述固定支座沿第一方向移动；
    所述拾音孔具有多个，多个所述拾音孔沿与所述第一方向相垂直的方向间隔布设，且多个所述拾音孔相对所述麦克风模组的中心线对称布设，所述中心线平行于所述第一方向，所述麦克风元件具有多个，多个所述拾音孔与多个所述麦克风元件一对一设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的麦克风拾音组件，其特征在于，所述麦克风模组还包括：
    升降壳，所述升降壳与所述驱动结构连接，所述驱动结构能够驱动所述升降壳相对所述固定支座移动；
    线路板，设置在所述升降壳内；
    盖板，与所述线路板相对布设，所述升降壳上开设有开口，所述盖板设置在所述开口处；
    所述麦克风元件设置在所述线路板的背离所述盖板的侧面上，所述线路板的相对所述麦克风元件的位置处开设有导声孔，所述拾音孔开设在所述盖板上，声音能够从所述拾音孔传送至所述导声孔；
    防尘结构，设置在所述盖板与所述线路板之间，所述防尘结构遮挡在所述拾音孔的开口处和所述导声孔的开口处。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的麦克风拾音组件，其特征在于，所述防尘结构包括：
    至少两层层叠布设的防尘网，每相邻两层所述防尘网之间粘结，靠近所述盖板的所述防尘网与所述盖板粘结，以及靠近所述线路板的所述防尘网与所述线路板粘结。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的麦克风拾音组件，其特征在于，所述麦克风元件的远离所述固定支座的端部所处的平面穿过所述拾音孔，或，所述麦克风元件的远离所述固定支座的端部所处的平面与所述拾音孔的远离所述固定支座的面相平齐。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的麦克风拾音组件，其特征在于，还包括：
    导向结构，所述麦克风模组相对的两侧面均通过所述导向结构与所述固定支座连接，所述导向结构用于引导所述麦克风模组相对所述固定支座沿所述第一方向滑动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的麦克风拾音组件，其特征在于，所述导向结构包括：
    导向轴，与所述固定支座相对固定，且所述导向轴的延伸方向平行于所述第一方向；
    滑套，套在所述导向轴的外部，且所述滑套能够沿所述导向轴的延伸方向滑动，所述麦克风模组与所述滑套相对固定。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6中任一项所述的麦克风拾音组件，其特征在于，所述驱动结构包括：
    多个推杆，与所述麦克风模组相对固定，所述多个推杆相对所述麦克风模组的中心线对称布设；
    传动机构，所述多个推杆通过所述传动机构与同一个驱动电机连接，所述传动机构能够将所述驱动电机的输出轴的旋转运动转换为所述推杆沿所述第一方向的直线运动。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的麦克风拾音组件，其特征在于，所述传动机构包括：
    传动螺杆，所述传动螺杆的一端与所述驱动电机的输出轴连接，且所述传动螺杆沿平行于所述第一方向设置；
    牵引件，所述牵引件与所述传动螺杆螺纹配合，所述牵引件与所述多个推杆连接，以带动所述多个推杆同步移动；
    引导结构，所述引导结构用于引导所述牵引件沿所述传动螺杆移动。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8中任一项所述的麦克风拾音组件，其特征在于，所述固定支座内形成有腔体，所述驱动结构和所述麦克风模组均设置在所述腔体内，所述固定支座还具有与所述腔体连通的穿孔，在所述麦克风模组相对所述固定支座移动时，能够穿过所述穿孔伸出至所述腔体的外部。
  10. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    外壳，具有供所述麦克风模组穿过的避让孔；
    显示屏，设置在所述外壳上；
    如权利要求1～9中任一项所述的麦克风拾音组件，所述麦克风拾音组件设置在所述外壳内的靠近所述外壳顶部的位置处，且靠近所述外壳的中心区域，所述避让孔开设在所述外壳的顶部，所述驱动结构用于带动所述麦克风模组相对所述固定支座在升起位置和回落位置之间移动，在所述麦克风模组处于所述升起位置时，所述拾音孔位于所述外壳的外部，在所述麦克风模组处于所述回落位置时，所述拾音孔隐藏在所述外壳的内部。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其特征在于，在所述麦克风模组处于所述回落位置时，所述麦克风模组的顶面与所述外壳的顶面相平齐。
PCT/CN2021/079100 2020-04-03 2021-03-04 一种麦克风拾音组件及电子设备 WO2021196971A1 (zh)

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