WO2021196792A1 - 可调式主轴锁紧装置及车床主轴箱体结构 - Google Patents

可调式主轴锁紧装置及车床主轴箱体结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021196792A1
WO2021196792A1 PCT/CN2020/141736 CN2020141736W WO2021196792A1 WO 2021196792 A1 WO2021196792 A1 WO 2021196792A1 CN 2020141736 W CN2020141736 W CN 2020141736W WO 2021196792 A1 WO2021196792 A1 WO 2021196792A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
hole
machine box
spindle
pressure regulating
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PCT/CN2020/141736
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张世洋
汤丽君
汤秀清
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广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021196792A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021196792A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0032—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/54—Arrangements or details not restricted to group B23Q5/02 or group B23Q5/22 respectively, e.g. control handles

Definitions

  • This application relates to a lathe spindle device, for example, to an adjustable spindle locking device and a lathe spindle box structure.
  • connection between the main shaft and the machine box body generally adopts a nose flange connection and a back-end auxiliary connection to realize the effective fixation of the main shaft and the machine box body, ensure the connection rigidity and avoid the connection affecting the spindle accuracy and processing accuracy, and pursue the best fit. Good processing accuracy, control vibration caused by poor connection, etc.
  • the nose end is flanged, and the main shaft is fixed on the machine box by screw locking.
  • the back end adopts the following three forms for fastening:
  • the lock nut is tightened, and the lock nut can provide tens of thousands of new tensions through the specified torque, which can effectively fix the back end of the spindle.
  • the sleeve will deform after tightening, which will cause the bearing raceway to deform and cause noise, poor accuracy, and shortened life.
  • set screws will be added to the end face or radial direction. The locking of the radial set screws will aggravate the deformation of the sleeve, and the locking of the end face set screws will aggravate the impact of non-verticality, and at the same time will destroy the machine box fit.
  • Surface accuracy affects maintenance performance;
  • the flange end face is tightened, similar to the nose end fastening, the back end is also connected to the machine box by flange and screw locking.
  • the disadvantage is that the operation is cumbersome and the parts are difficult to process.
  • the locking direction of the nose end is opposite to the locking direction of the rear end. The locking can ensure that the rear end gets a certain support effect, but the pre-tightening of the spindle on the machine box is actually offset partly, resulting in a reduction in the tightening effect.
  • This application provides an adjustable spindle locking device.
  • This application also provides the main shaft box structure of the lathe, which can realize the effective fixation of the main shaft and the machine box, ensure the connection accuracy of the main shaft and the machine box, improve the connection rigidity, enhance the overall damping, and suppress the vibration of the main shaft. It can be adjusted according to different scenarios. Features, improve the processing effect to meet the needs of different processing conditions.
  • the present application provides an adjustable spindle locking device, which includes a positioning sleeve, a pressure adjusting assembly, and an actuator piston used to connect with the end surface of the machine box.
  • the positioning sleeve is provided with a spindle mounting hole for fixing the spindle.
  • the positioning sleeve is also provided with a pressure adjustment through hole.
  • the pressure adjustment assembly and the execution piston respectively pass through the two ends of the pressure adjustment through hole.
  • the pressure adjustment assembly is threadedly connected with the pressure adjustment through hole.
  • the pressure adjusting component is screwed in and out of the pressure adjusting through hole, so that the pressure applied to the actuator piston can be adjusted, so that the actuator piston is connected or separated from the end surface of the machine box body, thereby adjusting the actuator The size of the pressure exerted by the piston on the end face of the machine box.
  • a pressure regulating cavity is formed between the pressure regulating assembly and the actuator piston, and a hydraulic medium, a gaseous medium or a gas-liquid mixed medium is arranged in the pressure regulating cavity to provide pressure for driving the actuator piston to move.
  • the pressure regulating assembly includes a gland and a pressure regulating piston, the gland passes through the pressure regulating through hole and is threadedly connected to the pressure regulating through hole, the gland is provided with a connecting through hole, and the regulating piston The pressure piston passes through the connecting through hole, and the pressure regulating cavity is located between the pressure regulating piston and the execution piston.
  • the pressure adjusting assembly further includes an adjusting screw cap, the adjusting screw cap is provided with an adjusting screw hole, and the gland passes through the adjusting screw hole and is threadedly connected with the adjusting screw hole.
  • the adjustable spindle locking device further includes a connecting sleeve, the connecting sleeve is provided with a spindle connecting hole, the spindle connecting hole is used to communicate with the inside of the machine box, the positioning sleeve
  • the connecting sleeve is used to fix one end of the main shaft, and the connecting sleeve is used to fix the other end of the main shaft and is fixedly connected to the other end surface of the machine box.
  • a screw is provided on the connecting sleeve for connecting with the other end surface of the machine box.
  • the positioning sleeve is a hydraulic nut.
  • This application also provides a lathe spindle box structure, which includes a spindle, a machine box and the adjustable spindle locking device as described above.
  • the positioning sleeve is arranged on one side of the end face of the machine box, and the spindle is installed
  • the hole is communicated with the inside of the machine box, the spindle penetrates the positioning sleeve and the machine box, the spindle mounting hole is threaded or interference connected with the spindle, and then the pressure adjusting component is screwed into the pressure adjusting through hole , Unscrew, so as to drive the actuator piston to move away from or close to the end surface of the machine box, so as to adjust the pressure applied by the actuator piston on the end surface of the machine box, thereby adjusting the spindle and machine
  • the connection rigidity of the box body is provided.
  • the design of this application adopts a hydraulic adjustable damping type spindle locking device, which uses hydraulic pressure to provide sufficient pressure.
  • the end face of the actuator piston When the end face of the actuator piston is output by hydraulic pressure, it can be automatically aligned and directly press on the end face of the box body.
  • the reaction force of the pressure can provide the positioning sleeve
  • the backward pulling force is in the same direction as the Latin pressing force of the nose, which can effectively tighten the spindle.
  • hydraulic pressure has a good vibration-absorbing effect compared to metal, which can effectively absorb the vibration energy of the spindle and reduce the impact of spindle vibration on machining accuracy and surface quality.
  • the pressure adjustment component on the hydraulic adjustable damping spindle locking device the pressure can be adjusted according to the needs of different processing occasions, and the connection stiffness and overall damping (change the vibration frequency response) can be changed to meet the needs of different processing conditions.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure adjusting component in this application from another angle;
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • they can be fixedly connected or detachably connected. Or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection between two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • they can be fixedly connected or detachably connected. Or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection between two components.
  • this embodiment provides a lathe spindle box structure, which includes a spindle 3, a machine box 4, and an adjustable spindle locking device.
  • the adjustable spindle locking device includes a positioning sleeve 1, a pressure adjusting assembly, and an actuator piston 2 used to connect with the end face of the machine box 4.
  • the positioning sleeve 1 is provided with a spindle mounting hole for fixing the spindle 3, and positioning
  • the sleeve 1 is also provided with a pressure adjusting through hole.
  • the pressure adjusting component and the actuator piston 2 respectively pass through the two ends of the pressure adjusting through hole.
  • the pressure adjusting component and the pressure adjusting through hole are threadedly connected.
  • the positioning sleeve 1 is provided on one side of the end surface of the machine box 4, the spindle mounting hole is communicated with the inside of the machine box 4, and the spindle 3 penetrates the positioning sleeve 1 and the machine.
  • the box body 4, the main shaft mounting hole is threaded or interference connected with the main shaft 3, and then the pressure adjustment component is screwed in and out of the pressure adjustment through hole, so that the pressure applied to the actuator piston 2 can be adjusted, and then it can be driven
  • the actuator piston 2 moves away from or close to the end face of the machine box 4 in order to adjust the pressure applied by the actuator piston 2 on the end face of the machine box 4, thereby adjusting the rigidity of the connection between the main shaft 3 and the machine box 4.
  • the main shaft 3 can be effectively locked on the machine box 4.
  • a pressure regulating cavity 5 is formed between the pressure regulating assembly and the actuator piston 2, and the pressure regulating cavity 5 is provided with a hydraulic medium, a gaseous medium or a gas-liquid mixed medium, which is used to drive the actuator piston 2 to move. pressure.
  • the pressure regulating assembly includes a gland 6 and a pressure regulating piston 7.
  • the gland 6 passes through the pressure regulating through hole and is threadedly connected to the pressure regulating through hole.
  • the gland 6 is provided with a connecting through hole and the pressure regulating piston 7 Through the connecting through hole, the pressure regulating chamber 5 is located between the pressure regulating piston 7 and the actuator piston 2.
  • the pressure regulating chamber 5 can be provided with a hydraulic medium, a gaseous medium or a gas-liquid mixed medium, which can provide the pressure to drive the actuator piston 2 to move. , So that the pressure between the pressure regulating piston 7 and the execution piston 2 can be effectively transmitted.
  • the pressure adjustment assembly further includes an adjustment screw cap 8.
  • the adjustment screw cap 8 is provided with an adjustment screw hole, and the gland 6 passes through the adjustment screw hole and is threadedly connected with the adjustment screw hole.
  • the adjustable spindle locking device also includes a connecting sleeve 9, which is provided with a spindle connecting hole.
  • the spindle connecting hole is used to communicate with the inside of the machine box 4, and the positioning sleeve 1 is used for One end of the main shaft 3 is fixed, and the connecting sleeve 9 is used for fixing the other end of the main shaft 3 and is fixedly connected to the other end surface of the machine box 4.
  • a screw 10 is provided on the connecting sleeve 9 for connecting with the other end surface of the machine box 4.
  • the positioning sleeve 1 is a hydraulic nut.
  • the main shaft box structure of the lathe includes adjustable main shaft locking device, machine box 4, main shaft 3, screw 10 and other parts.
  • the main shaft 3 is installed in the internal through hole of the machine box 4, which is With clearance fit, the screw 10 is used to press the main shaft 3 with the right end surface of the machine box 4, after being pressed in place, a part of the external thread structure of the left main shaft 3 will be exposed, which is connected with the internal thread of the adjustable main shaft locking device , Realize the tightening and pre-tightening of the spindle 3 on the left.
  • the thread of the hydraulic nut is connected with the external thread of the main shaft 3, and the adjusting nut 8 can rotate up and down along the axis of the pressure adjusting through hole to transmit pressure through the thread, so that the pressure adjusting piston 7 moves up and down.
  • the cover 6 is connected to the hydraulic nut through a large-diameter external thread, and the gland 6 is connected to the adjusting nut 8 through a small-diameter external thread.
  • hydraulic oil is provided in the pressure regulating chamber 5.
  • the reciprocating movement of the pressure regulating piston 7 will compress the hydraulic oil in the pressure regulating chamber 5, and the compression of the hydraulic oil will reduce
  • the pressure is transmitted to the actuator piston 2, the actuator piston 2 transmits the pressure to the end face of the machine box 4, the end face of the actuator piston 2 contacts the machine box 4, the pressure is transmitted to the machine box 4, the reaction force will be adjustable at this time
  • the main shaft locking device is pulled to the left, and the internal thread of the hydraulic nut tightens the main shaft 3 to achieve effective fastening.
  • the adjusting nut 8 can be adjusted according to different needs. Locking down can increase the pressure, and loosening it up can reduce the pressure. Both locking and loosening can adjust the pressure, change the connection stiffness, and change the vibration absorption effect. Therefore, it can be adjusted according to the requirements of different processing scenarios.
  • the adjustment method can be manual adjustment or automatic servo adjustment according to machine load feedback.
  • the design of this application adopts a hydraulic adjustable damping type spindle locking device, which uses hydraulic pressure to provide sufficient pressure.
  • the end face of the actuator piston 2 When the end face of the actuator piston 2 is hydraulically output, it can automatically align and directly press on the end face of the box body directly. The pressure is reversed. The force can provide a backward pulling force to the positioning sleeve 1, which is in the same direction as the Latin pressing force of the nose end, which can effectively tighten the main shaft.
  • hydraulic pressure has a good vibration-absorbing effect compared to metal, which can effectively absorb the vibration energy of the spindle and reduce the impact of spindle vibration on machining accuracy and surface quality.
  • the pressure adjustment component on the hydraulic adjustable damping spindle locking device the pressure can be adjusted according to the needs of different processing occasions, and the connection stiffness and overall damping (change the vibration frequency response) can be changed to meet the needs of different processing conditions.
  • the adjustable spindle locking device has at least the following effects:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)

Abstract

一种可调式主轴锁紧装置，包括定位套筒（1）、压力调节组件和执行活塞（2），定位套筒（1）能固定主轴（3），其设压力调节通孔，压力调节组件、执行活塞（2）分别穿过压力调节通孔的两端，压力调节组件与压力调节通孔螺纹连接。还包括一种车床主轴箱体结构，包括主轴（3）、机台箱体（4）及可调式主轴锁紧装置，定位套筒（1）设于机台箱体（4）端面的一侧，主轴（3）贯穿定位套筒（1）和机台箱体（4），进而使压力调节组件在压力调节通孔中旋进、旋出，从而能使执行活塞往远离或者靠近机台箱体（4）端面的方向移动，以便调节执行活塞施加在机台箱体（4）端面上的压力大小，进而能调节主轴与机台箱体（4）的连接刚度。

Description

可调式主轴锁紧装置及车床主轴箱体结构
本申请要求在2020年04月02日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010254434.X的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及车床主轴设备，例如涉及可调式主轴锁紧装置及车床主轴箱体结构。
背景技术
主轴与机台箱体连接一般采用鼻端法兰连接加后端辅助连接，实现主轴与机台箱体的有效固定，保证连接刚度避免连接对主轴精度和加工精度产生影响，追求最佳配合体现良好的加工精度，控制因连接不良导致的振动等。为实现上述目的，以车床主轴为例，鼻端采用法兰连接，利用螺钉锁紧将主轴固定在机台箱体上。
后端采用以下三种形式进行紧固：
1、锁紧螺母拉紧，锁紧螺母通过规定力矩锁紧能提供上万牛的拉力，能有效的固定好主轴后端。但因为螺母的垂直度和机台箱体两平面的平行度存在误差，拉紧后会导致套筒变形，从而导致轴承滚道变形产生噪声较大、精度变差、寿命变短等问题；为防止螺母松动，还会在端面或径向增加紧定螺钉，径向紧定螺钉锁紧会加剧套筒变形，端面紧定螺钉锁紧会加剧不垂直的影响，同时会破坏机台箱体配合面精度影响维护性能；
2、夹紧式，采用有开口圆环通过径向螺钉拉紧抱住套筒外圆，锁紧力矩过小无法紧固，锁紧力过大套筒变形；
3、法兰端面拉紧，与鼻端紧固类似，后端也采用法兰和螺钉锁紧的形式连接在机台箱体上。缺点是操作繁琐，零件加工难度高。并且，鼻端锁紧方向和后端锁紧方向相反，锁紧能保证后端得到一定的扶持效果，但主轴在机台箱体上的预紧其实被抵消一部分，导致紧固效果降低。
发明内容
本申请提供可调式主轴锁紧装置。
本申请还提供车床主轴箱体结构，能够实现主轴与机台箱体的有效固定，保证主轴与机台箱体的连接精度，提高连接刚度，增强整体阻尼，抑制主轴振动，可根据不同场景调节特性，改善加工效果，以满足不同加工条件的需求。
本申请提供可调式主轴锁紧装置，包括定位套筒、压力调节组件和用于与机台箱体端面连接的执行活塞，所述定位套筒上开设有用于固定主轴的主轴安装孔，所述定位套筒上还设有压力调节通孔，所述压力调节组件、所述执行活塞分别穿过所述压力调节通孔的两端，所述压力调节组件与压力调节通孔螺纹连接，通过使所述压力调节组件在压力调节通孔中旋进、旋出，从而能够调节施加于所述执行活塞上的压力大小，使所述执行活塞与机台箱体端面进行连接或者分离，进而调节所述执行活塞施加在机台箱体端面上的压力大小。
可选地，所述压力调节组件和执行活塞之间传动连接。
可选地，所述压力调节组件和执行活塞之间形成有压力调节腔，所述压力调节腔内设有液压介质、气态介质或气液混合介质，用于提供驱动执行活塞移动的压力。
可选地，所述压力调节组件包括压盖和调压活塞，所述压盖穿过压力调节通孔并与压力调节通孔螺纹连接，所述压盖上开设有连接通孔，所述调压活塞 穿过连接通孔，所述压力调节腔位于调压活塞和执行活塞之间。
可选地，所述压力调节组件还包括调节螺帽，所述调节螺帽上开设有调节螺孔，所述压盖穿过调节螺孔并与调节螺孔螺纹连接。
可选地，所述可调式主轴锁紧装置还包括连接套筒，所述连接套筒上开设有主轴连接孔，所述主轴连接孔用于与机台箱体内部连通，所述定位套筒用于固定主轴的一端，所述连接套筒用于固定主轴的另一端且与机台箱体的另一端面固接。
可选地，所述连接套筒上设有螺钉，用于与机台箱体的另一端面连接。
可选地，所述定位套筒为液压螺母。
本申请还提供车床主轴箱体结构，包括主轴、机台箱体及如前面所述的可调式主轴锁紧装置，所述定位套筒设于机台箱体端面的一侧，所述主轴安装孔与机台箱体内部连通，所述主轴贯穿定位套筒和机台箱体，所述主轴安装孔与主轴螺纹连接或过盈连接，进而通过使所述压力调节组件在压力调节通孔中旋进、旋出，从而能够驱动所述执行活塞往远离或者靠近机台箱体端面的方向移动，以便调节所述执行活塞施加在机台箱体端面上的压力大小，进而能调节所述主轴与机台箱体的连接刚度。
本申请设计采用液压可调阻尼式主轴锁紧装置，利用液压提供足够的压力，执行活塞端面受液压输出时能自动找正直接垂直压在箱体端面，压力的反作用力能对定位套筒提供向后的拉力，与鼻端拉丁压紧力方向一致，可有效紧固主轴。同时，液压相对于金属，有很好的吸振作用，能有效吸收主轴的振动能量，减少主轴振动对加工精度和表面质量的影响。此外，配合液压可调阻尼式主轴锁紧装置上的压力调节组件，可以根据不同加工场合需求调节压力大小，改变连接刚度和整体的阻尼(改变振动频响)，以满足不同加工条件的需求。
附图说明
图1为本申请的剖视结构示意图；
图2为本申请中压力调节组件另一个角度的结构示意图；
图中：1、定位套筒；2、执行活塞；3、主轴；4、机台箱体；5、压力调节腔；6、压盖；7、调压活塞；8、调节螺帽；9、连接套筒；10、螺钉。
具体实施方式
下面，结合附图以及具体实施方式，对本申请做进一步描述，需要说明的是，在不相冲突的前提下，以下描述的各实施例之间或各技术特征之间可以任意组合形成新的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“水平”、“竖直”、“顶”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接连接，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，或是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
如图1及图2所示，本实施例提供车床主轴箱体结构，其包括主轴3、机台箱体4及可调式主轴锁紧装置。
其中，可调式主轴锁紧装置包括定位套筒1、压力调节组件和用于与机台箱体4端面连接的执行活塞2，定位套筒1上开设有用于固定主轴3的主轴安装孔，定位套筒1上还设有压力调节通孔，压力调节组件、执行活塞2分别穿过压力调节通孔的两端，压力调节组件与压力调节通孔螺纹连接，通过使压力调节组件在压力调节通孔中旋进、旋出，从而能够调节施加于执行活塞2上的压力大小，使执行活塞2与机台箱体4端面进行连接或者分离，进而调节执行活塞2施加在机台箱体4端面上的压力大小。
作为本实施例中一种可选的实施方式，定位套筒1设于机台箱体4端面的一侧，主轴安装孔与机台箱体4内部连通，主轴3贯穿定位套筒1和机台箱体4，主轴安装孔与主轴3螺纹连接或过盈连接，进而通过使压力调节组件在压力调节通孔中旋进、旋出，从而能够调节施加于执行活塞2上的压力大小，进而能驱动执行活塞2往远离或者靠近机台箱体4端面的方向移动，以便调节执行活塞2施加在机台箱体4端面上的压力大小，进而能调节主轴3与机台箱体4的连接刚度，使主轴3能够有效锁紧于机台箱体4上。
具体地，压力调节组件和执行活塞2之间传动连接。
作为可选的实施方式，压力调节组件和执行活塞2之间形成有压力调节腔5，压力调节腔5内设有液压介质、气态介质或气液混合介质，用于提供驱动执行活塞2移动的压力。
需要说明的是，压力调节组件包括压盖6和调压活塞7，压盖6穿过压力调节通孔并与压力调节通孔螺纹连接，压盖6上开设有连接通孔，调压活塞7穿 过连接通孔，压力调节腔5位于调压活塞7和执行活塞2之间，压力调节腔5内可以设有液压介质、气态介质或气液混合介质，能够提供驱动执行活塞2移动的压力，使得调压活塞7和执行活塞2之间的压力能够得到有效传递。为了提高压力调节效果，可选的实施方式是，压力调节组件还包括调节螺帽8，调节螺帽8上开设有调节螺孔，压盖6穿过调节螺孔并与调节螺孔螺纹连接。
值得一提的是，可调式主轴锁紧装置还包括连接套筒9，连接套筒9上开设有主轴连接孔，主轴连接孔用于与机台箱体4内部连通，定位套筒1用于固定主轴3的一端，连接套筒9用于固定主轴3的另一端且与机台箱体4的另一端面固接。
更具体地，连接套筒9上设有螺钉10，用于与机台箱体4的另一端面连接。
此外，定位套筒1为液压螺母。
在上述结构的基础上，本车床主轴箱体结构包括可调式主轴锁紧装置、机台箱体4、主轴3、螺钉10等零件，主轴3安装在机台箱体4内部通孔中，为间隙配合，螺钉10用于将主轴3与机台箱体4右侧端面压紧，压紧到位后，左侧主轴3会外露出一部分外螺纹结构，与可调式主轴锁紧装置内螺纹相连接，实现左侧的主轴3紧固预紧。
具体地，如图2所示，通过液压螺母的螺纹与主轴3外螺纹连接，调节螺帽8可以通过螺纹沿压力调节通孔的轴线方向上下旋转传递压力，使调压活塞7上下运动，压盖6通过大径外螺纹与液压螺母连接，压盖6通过小径外螺纹与调节螺帽8连接，压盖6的连接通孔与调压活塞7小间隙配合，引导调压活塞7往复运动，作为可选的实施方式，在本实施例中，压力调节腔5中的设有液压油，故而，调压活塞7往复运动的同时会压缩压力调节腔5内的液压油，液压油压缩会将压力传递给执行活塞2，执行活塞2将压力传递给机台箱体4端面， 执行活塞2端面与机台箱体4接触，压力被传递到机台箱体4，此时反作用力将可调式主轴锁紧装置向左拉，液压螺母内螺纹拉紧主轴3，实现有效紧固作用。
需要强调的是，调节螺帽8可以根据不同需求进行调整，向下锁紧可以增加压力，向上松开可以降低压力，锁紧和松开都能调整压力和改变连接刚度、改变吸振效果。因此可以根据不同加工场景需求，进行调节。
在具体实施过程中，调节方式可以采用手动调节或者根据机台负载反馈自动进行伺服调节。
与相关技术相比，本申请设计采用液压可调阻尼式主轴锁紧装置，利用液压提供足够的压力，执行活塞2端面受液压输出时能自动找正直接垂直压在箱体端面，压力的反作用力能对定位套筒1提供向后的拉力，与鼻端拉丁压紧力方向一致，可有效紧固主轴。同时，液压相对于金属，有很好的吸振作用，能有效吸收主轴的振动能量，减少主轴振动对加工精度和表面质量的影响。此外，配合液压可调阻尼式主轴锁紧装置上的压力调节组件，可以根据不同加工场合需求调节压力大小，改变连接刚度和整体的阻尼(改变振动频响)，以满足不同加工条件的需求。
综上，可调式主轴锁紧装置至少具有以下效果：
1、解决了连接紧固对零件加工精度的依赖；
2、实现了不同加工需求时的预紧刚度调整；
3、提高了连接精度，减少了零件锁紧过程的变形；
4、有效抑制了加工过程的主轴3振动，提高零件加工表面质量。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种可调式主轴锁紧装置，包括定位套筒、压力调节组件和用于与机台箱体端面连接的执行活塞，所述定位套筒上开设有用于固定主轴的主轴安装孔，所述定位套筒上还设有压力调节通孔，所述压力调节组件、所述执行活塞分别穿过所述压力调节通孔的两端，所述压力调节组件与压力调节通孔螺纹连接，通过使所述压力调节组件在压力调节通孔中旋进、旋出，从而能够调节施加于所述执行活塞上的压力大小，使所述执行活塞与机台箱体端面进行连接或者分离，进而调节所述执行活塞施加在机台箱体端面上的压力大小。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的可调式主轴锁紧装置，其中：所述压力调节组件和执行活塞之间传动连接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的可调式主轴锁紧装置，其中：所述压力调节组件和执行活塞之间形成有压力调节腔，所述压力调节腔内设有液压介质、气态介质或气液混合介质，用于提供驱动执行活塞移动的压力。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的可调式主轴锁紧装置，其中：所述压力调节组件包括压盖和调压活塞，所述压盖穿过压力调节通孔并与压力调节通孔螺纹连接，所述压盖上开设有连接通孔，所述调压活塞穿过连接通孔，所述压力调节腔位于调压活塞和执行活塞之间。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的可调式主轴锁紧装置，其中：所述压力调节组件还包括调节螺帽，所述调节螺帽上开设有调节螺孔，所述压盖穿过调节螺孔并与调节螺孔螺纹连接。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的可调式主轴锁紧装置，其中：所述可调式主轴锁紧装置还包括连接套筒，所述连接套筒上开设有主轴连接孔，所述主轴连接孔用 于与机台箱体内部连通，所述定位套筒用于固定主轴的一端，所述连接套筒用于固定主轴的另一端且与机台箱体的另一端面固接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的可调式主轴锁紧装置，其中：所述连接套筒上设有螺钉，用于与机台箱体的另一端面连接。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的可调式主轴锁紧装置，其中：所述定位套筒为液压螺母。
  9. 一种车床主轴箱体结构，包括主轴、机台箱体及如权利要求1-8任一项所述的可调式主轴锁紧装置，所述定位套筒设于机台箱体端面的一侧，所述主轴安装孔与机台箱体内部连通，所述主轴贯穿定位套筒和机台箱体，所述主轴安装孔与主轴螺纹连接或过盈连接，进而通过使所述压力调节组件在压力调节通孔中旋进、旋出，从而能够驱动所述执行活塞往远离或者靠近机台箱体端面的方向移动，以便调节所述执行活塞施加在机台箱体端面上的压力大小，进而能调节所述主轴与机台箱体的连接刚度。
PCT/CN2020/141736 2020-04-02 2020-12-30 可调式主轴锁紧装置及车床主轴箱体结构 WO2021196792A1 (zh)

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