WO2021184675A1 - 一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器 - Google Patents

一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器 Download PDF

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WO2021184675A1
WO2021184675A1 PCT/CN2020/109689 CN2020109689W WO2021184675A1 WO 2021184675 A1 WO2021184675 A1 WO 2021184675A1 CN 2020109689 W CN2020109689 W CN 2020109689W WO 2021184675 A1 WO2021184675 A1 WO 2021184675A1
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optical fiber
heavy metal
borosilicate glass
active layer
glass capillary
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PCT/CN2020/109689
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王文华
吴伟娜
吴胜旭
李思东
赖学辉
田秀云
罗元政
陈芷珊
周裕华
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广东海洋大学
广州市加和检测技术服务有限公司
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Publication of WO2021184675A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021184675A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
    • G01N2021/458—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods using interferential sensor, e.g. sensor fibre, possibly on optical waveguide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N2021/7769—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
    • G01N2021/7779—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor interferometric
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides

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  • the invention relates to the field of heavy metal ion detection, in particular to an optical fiber heavy metal ion sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference and a preparation method thereof.
  • Heavy metal ions are difficult to degrade and are easily absorbed by the human body through drinking water or the food chain. Heavy metal ions are deposited and enriched in the human body. When they exceed a certain concentration, they will be toxic to the human body, cause direct harm to the body, and endanger human health. The absorption of heavy metal elements by the human body will lead to protein denaturation, enzyme inactivation, and structural and functional damage to tissue cells. Therefore, the detection of heavy metal content is very important for people's healthy life. Research on selective and highly sensitive detection of heavy metal ions The method is important.
  • the traditional detection methods of heavy metal content mainly include atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, mass spectrometry, enzyme inhibition method and electrochemical analysis detection method.
  • the analysis and testing methods of these instruments have their own advantages, but the detection is cumbersome, time-consuming, and complicated in operation, which has been plagued by the current detection of heavy metal ions. There is an urgent need for a method that can detect the content of heavy metal ions conveniently, quickly and with high sensitivity.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fiber optic heavy metal ion sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and to efficiently measure the content of heavy metal ions in the environment.
  • the present invention provides a Fabry-Perot interference-based optical fiber heavy metal ion sensor, which includes a single-mode fiber, a quartz glass capillary tube, a borosilicate glass, and an active layer.
  • the single-mode optical fiber is inserted into the silica glass capillary, one end of the single-mode optical fiber extends out of one end of the silica glass capillary; the other end of the silica glass capillary is fixedly connected to one end of the borosilicate glass;
  • the other end of the high borosilicate glass is fixedly connected to one end of the active layer.
  • the inner diameter of the quartz glass capillary is 126-128 microns, and the outer diameter is 1-2.5 mm; the thickness of the borosilicate glass is 100-500 microns.
  • the end surface of the quartz glass capillary in contact with the borosilicate glass, and the end surface of the single-mode optical fiber in contact with the borosilicate glass should have a smooth finish of grade 12 or above.
  • the single-mode optical fiber and the silica glass capillary are fixedly connected by epoxy glue.
  • the present invention also discloses a method for preparing an optical fiber heavy metal ion sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference, which includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Put the quartz glass capillary with fixed single-mode fiber prepared in step (1) and the borosilicate glass polished in step (2) in an alcohol solution and ultrasonically clean for 3-10 minutes;
  • the active layer in step (5) is made of modified quaternary ammonium salt chitosan.
  • the present invention uses the advantages of optical fiber interference and the modified polymer compound absorbs heavy metal ions to cause subtle changes in the refractive index and thickness of the heavy metal ions, thereby causing interference fringes to change.
  • the concentration of heavy metal ions in the environment can be measured quickly, conveniently and with high sensitivity, so that the environment or heavy metal pollution in food can be effectively evaluated.
  • the interference fringe change information caused by the change in the thickness of the high borosilicate can be used to remove the active layer due to the environmental temperature change.
  • the amount of interference fringes caused by the change thereby improving the measurement accuracy of heavy metal ions.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an optical fiber heavy metal ion sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical signal transmission principle of the optical fiber heavy metal ion sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference in the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for detecting heavy metal ions using the optical fiber heavy metal ion sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference of the present invention
  • 1 is a single-mode fiber
  • 2 is a quartz glass capillary tube
  • 3 is a high borosilicate glass
  • 4 is an active layer
  • 5 is a first reflective surface
  • 6 is a second reflective surface
  • 7 is the exposed side end surface of the active layer
  • 8 Is the optical signal reflected by the interface between the end face of the quartz glass capillary and the borosilicate glass
  • 9 is the optical signal reflected by the interface between the borosilicate glass and the active layer
  • 10 is the optical signal reflected on the surface of the active layer
  • 11 is the light source
  • 12 It is a fiber optic coupler
  • 13 is a container for storing heavy metal ion solutions
  • 14 is a heavy metal ion sensor
  • 15 is a signal demodulation and output display device.
  • the present invention provides an optical fiber heavy metal ion sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference, which includes a single-mode optical fiber 1, a silica glass capillary tube 2, a borosilicate glass 3, and an active layer 4.
  • a single-mode optical fiber 1 is coated with epoxy glue OE188 and then inserted into the through hole of the silica glass capillary 2 and the ends of the two are flush.
  • One side of the silica glass capillary 2 The end surface is fixedly connected to one end surface of the high borosilicate glass 3; the other end surface of the high borosilicate glass 3 is fixedly connected to one end surface of the active layer 4.
  • the inner diameter of the quartz glass capillary 2 is 126-128 microns, and the outer diameter is 1-2.5 mm; the thickness of the high borosilicate glass 3 is 100-500 microns, and at the same time, the quartz glass capillary 2 is in phase with the high borosilicate glass 3.
  • the end face in contact and the end face in contact between the single-mode optical fiber 1 and the high borosilicate glass 3 should have a smooth finish of grade 12 or above.
  • the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an optical fiber heavy metal ion sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference, and the specific content is as follows:
  • the single-mode optical fiber 1 Clean the single-mode optical fiber 1 according to the treatment method of the fiber end face, then use a fiber cleaver to cut the end face of the single-mode optical fiber 1 flat, and apply epoxy resin optical glue OE188 on the peripheral surface of the single-mode optical fiber 1. Then insert it into the through hole of the quartz glass capillary 2 with an inner diameter of 126-128 microns and an outer diameter of 1-2.5 mm, and pull the single-mode optical fiber 1 back and forth several times to make the epoxy resin optical glue OE188 evenly distributed on the single-mode optical fiber 1 and Between the inner walls of the quartz glass capillary tube 2, the accumulated pressure at each position of the single-mode optical fiber 1 in the through hole of the quartz glass capillary tube 2 is substantially the same.
  • the single-mode fiber 1 and the silica glass capillary 2 form a whole with the side end faces flush.
  • the flat side ends are polished to a finish of 12 or higher.
  • the high borosilicate glass with a diameter of 1-2.5 mm is processed to a thickness of 100-500 microns, and then one end surface is polished to a level 12 finish, and the other end surface is polished to a level 8-9 finish. Then put the polished borosilicate glass 3 in an alcohol solution and clean it with ultrasonic for 3-10 minutes and then wipe it clean. Then, the side end surface of the high borosilicate glass 3 with the grade 12 smoothness is fixed on the end surface of the quartz glass capillary 2 by the photo-glue method.
  • One end surface of the active layer 4 made of modified quaternary ammonium salt chitosan is directly prepared on the end surface 6 of the borosilicate glass by a self-assembly method.
  • the end surface 7 on the other side of the active layer 4 should have a better finish to ensure that a certain amount of light power can be reflected.
  • the silica glass capillary 2 and the borosilicate glass 3 have different refractive indices.
  • the end surface 5 where the silica glass capillary 2 and the borosilicate glass 3 are in contact is formed as the first reflecting surface.
  • the reflective surface; the refractive index of the high borosilicate glass 3 and the active layer 4 are different, forming a second reflective surface 6; the first reflective surface 5 and the second reflective surface 6 constitute the two parts of the first Fabry-Perot cavity
  • Two reflecting surfaces, the second reflecting surface 6 and the surface 7 of the active layer 4 constitute two reflecting surfaces of the second Fabry-Perot cavity.
  • the optical signal of the optical fiber is transmitted from left to right, and when it is transmitted to the second reflecting surface 6, a partial reflection 8 occurs, that is, the optical signal reflected by the interface between the end face of the silica glass capillary 2 and the high borosilicate glass 3, and the remaining optical signal is in the high borosilicate glass.
  • the glass 3 continues to transmit to the right, and when it is transmitted to the interface 6 that is the second reflective surface, it will also produce a partial reflection 9, that is, the optical signal reflected by the interface between the high borosilicate glass 3 and the active layer 4, and then the remaining optical signal is
  • the active layer 4 continues to transmit to the right, and finally reflects on the outer surface 7 of the active layer 4.
  • the optical signal 8 reflected by the interface between the end face of the quartz glass capillary 2 and the borosilicate glass 3 and the separation of the borosilicate glass and the active layer The optical signal 9 reflected by the interface interferes, and the optical signal 9 reflected by the interface between the borosilicate glass 3 and the active layer 4 interferes with the optical signal 10 reflected on the surface of the active layer.
  • the end face of the quartz glass capillary 2 and the borosilicate glass 3 interfere.
  • the optical signal 8 reflected by the interface and the optical signal 10 reflected on the surface of the active layer will also interfere (this interference signal can be ignored when extracting the sensor signal).
  • the optical signal 9 reflected by the interface between the borosilicate glass 3 and the active layer 4 and the interference signal generated by the optical signal 10 reflected on the surface of the active layer will be changed.
  • the change reflects the change in the content of heavy metal ions; when the ambient temperature changes, the thickness of the high borosilicate glass 3 also changes.
  • the optical signal 8 and the high borosilicate glass reflected by the end face of the quartz glass capillary and the interface between the high borosilicate glass are changed.
  • the interference signal generated by the optical signal 9 reflected by the interface between the borosilicate glass and the active layer will change, and the optical signal 9 reflected by the interface between the borosilicate glass 3 and the active layer 4 and the optical signal 10 reflected on the surface of the active layer will be generated.
  • the interference signal will also change, so the total change of the optical signal 9 reflected by the interface between the borosilicate glass 3 and the active layer 4 and the optical signal 10 reflected on the surface of the active layer can be based on the difference between the optical signals 8 and 9 reflected by the interface.
  • the interference signal change eliminates the error caused by temperature when detecting the concentration of heavy metal ions.
  • the heavy metal ion sensor 14 is placed in a container 13 for storing heavy metal ion solutions.
  • the light signal emitted by the light source 11 reaches the heavy metal ion sensor 14 through the optical fiber coupler 12 and the optical fiber.
  • the heavy metal ion sensor 14 obtains the content of heavy metal ions.
  • the reflected interference signal is sent to the signal demodulation and output display device 15 via the fiber coupler 12 and the fiber for demodulation and output display.
  • the invention utilizes the advantages of optical fiber interference and the modified polymer compound absorbs heavy metal ions to cause subtle changes in its refractive index and thickness, thereby causing changes in interference fringes.
  • the high-resolution demodulation algorithm it can be measured quickly, conveniently and with high sensitivity.
  • the concentration of heavy metal ions in the environment can effectively evaluate the pollution of heavy metals in the environment or food.
  • the interference fringe change information caused by the change in the thickness of the high borosilicate can be used to remove the active layer due to the environmental temperature change.
  • the amount of interference fringes caused by the change thereby improving the measurement accuracy of heavy metal ions.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器及其制备方法，该传感器包括单模光纤（1）、石英玻璃毛细管（2）、高硼硅玻璃（3）、活性层（4）；单模光纤（1）插入石英玻璃毛细管（2）的通孔内，石英玻璃毛细管（2）的一侧端与高硼硅玻璃（3）的一侧端固定连接；高硼硅玻璃（3）另一侧端与活性层（4）一侧端固定连接。该传感器利用光纤干涉的优点及改性高分子化合物吸附重金属离子后导致折射率和厚度的细微变化，引起干涉条纹的变化，依据高分辨率解调算法，快速方便高灵敏度测量环境中的重金属离子浓度，对环境或食品中的重金属污染情况进行有效评估，同时可以通过高硼硅厚度变化引起的干涉条纹变化信息剔除活性层因环境温度变化引起的干涉条纹变化量。

Description

一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器 技术领域
本发明涉及重金属离子检测领域，特别是涉及一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着国民经济和社会的快速发展，各种工业废水排放、污水灌溉、化肥不合理实用、空气污染等现象不断发生，环境、水资源、土壤受到重金属污染的现象日益严重。重金属离子很难降解，容易通过饮用水或食物链被人体不断吸收，重金属离子沉积和富集于人体内，超过一定浓度后就会对人体有毒，对身体产生直接危害，危及人类的健康。重金属元素被人体吸收后将导致蛋白质变性、酶失去活性、组织细胞出现结构和功能上的损害，因此，重金属含量的检测对人们的健康生活非常重要，研究对重金属离子有选择性的高灵敏检测方法有重要意义。
重金属含量的传统检测方法主要有原子吸收光谱法、原子发射光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、质谱法、酶抑制法和电化学分析检测法。这些仪器的分析测试方法有各自的优点，但是检测繁琐，耗时长，操作复杂等缺点，一直困扰目前重金属离子的检测。现在急需一种能够方便快捷高灵敏度地检测重金属离子含量的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，能够高效地测定环境中的重金属离子含量。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：本发明提供一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器，包括单模光纤、石英玻 璃毛细管、高硼硅玻璃、活性层。
所述单模光纤插入所述石英玻璃毛细管内,所述单模光纤的一端伸出所述石英玻璃毛细管的一端；所述石英玻璃毛细管的另一端与所述高硼硅玻璃的一端固定连接；
所述高硼硅玻璃的另一端与所述活性层的一端固定连接。
优选地，所述石英玻璃毛细管的内径为126-128微米，外径为1-2.5毫米；所述高硼硅玻璃的厚度为100-500微米。
优选地，所述石英玻璃毛细管与所述高硼硅玻璃相接触的端面、所述单模光纤与所述高硼硅玻璃相接触的端面都应具有12级或以上光洁度。
优选地，所述单模光纤和所述石英玻璃毛细管通过环氧胶固定连接。
同时本发明还公开一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)准备单模光纤，在单模光纤周面涂抹环氧树脂光学胶后将其插入石英玻璃毛细管通孔内形成侧端面平齐的整体，在80-150℃温度下放置1-15分钟；将单模光纤和石英玻璃毛细管平齐的侧端面都抛光至12级或更高的光洁度；
(2)将直径为1-2.5毫米的高硼硅玻璃加工成100-500微米的厚度，然后将其一个端面抛光至12级的光洁度，另一个端面抛光至8-9级的光洁度；
(3)将步骤(1)中制备的固定有单模光纤的石英玻璃毛细管和步骤(2)中抛光完毕的高硼硅玻璃置于酒精溶液中用超声波清洗3-10分钟；
(4)将通孔内插有单模光纤的石英玻璃毛细管的抛光面与抛光好 的高硼硅玻璃的侧端面通过光胶法固定；
(5)准备活性层，通过自组装方法将其制备在高硼硅玻璃的另一侧端面上，活性层裸露的一侧端面光洁度应能保证反射一定的光功率。
优选地，步骤(5)中活性层由改性季铵盐壳聚糖制成。
本发明公开了以下技术效果：本发明利用光纤干涉的优点以及改性高分子化合物吸附重金属离子后导致其折射率和厚度的细微变化，从而引起干涉条纹的变化，依据高分辨率解调算法，可以快速方便高灵敏度地地测量环境中的重金属离子浓度，从而能够对环境或食品中的重金属污染情况进行有效评估。同时，由于环境温度变化的时候会引起高硼硅玻璃的厚度变化，同时也会引起活性层厚度的变化，因此，可以通过高硼硅厚度变化引起的干涉条纹变化信息剔除活性层因环境温度变化引起的干涉条纹变化量，从而提高重金属离子的测量精度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器的结构图；
图2为本发明基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器的光信号传输原理图；
图3为利用本发明基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器进行重金属离子检测的系统示意图；
其中，1是单模光纤，2是石英玻璃毛细管，3是高硼硅玻璃，4 是活性层，5是第一反射面，6是第二反射面，7是活性层裸露的侧端面，8是石英玻璃毛细管端面和高硼硅玻璃的分界面反射的光信号，9是高硼硅玻璃和活性层的分界面反射的光信号，10是活性层表面反射的光信号，11是光源，12是光纤耦合器，13是存放重金属离子溶液的容器，14是重金属离子传感器，15是信号解调和输出显示装置。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1所示，本发明提供一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器，包括单模光纤1、石英玻璃毛细管2、高硼硅玻璃3、活性层4。在结构上，所述单模光纤1的周面涂抹有环氧胶OE188后插入所述石英玻璃毛细管2的通孔内并且二者的一侧端面平齐，所述石英玻璃毛细管2的一侧端面与所述高硼硅玻璃3的一侧端面固定连接；所述高硼硅玻璃3的另一侧端面与所述活性层4的一侧端面固定连接。
进一步优化方案，石英玻璃毛细管2的内径为126-128微米，外径为1-2.5毫米；高硼硅玻璃3的厚度为100-500微米，同时，石英玻璃毛细管2与高硼硅玻璃3相接触的端面、单模光纤1与高硼硅玻璃3相接触的端面都应具有12级或以上光洁度。
同时，本发明还提供一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离 子传感器的制备方法，具体内容如下：
准备单模光纤1，按照光纤端面的处理方法将单模光纤1清洗干净，然后用光纤切割刀把单模光纤1的端面切平，在单模光纤1的周面涂抹环氧树脂光学胶OE188，然后将其插入内径126-128微米且外径1-2.5毫米的石英玻璃毛细管2通孔内，来回多次抽动单模光纤1，使得环氧树脂光学胶OE188均匀地分布在单模光纤1与石英玻璃毛细管2的内壁之间，从而使得石英玻璃毛细管2通孔内的单模光纤1的各个位置受到的积压力基本相同。同时还应保证单模光纤1和石英玻璃毛细管2二者形成侧端面平齐的整体，最后将其在80-150℃温度下放置1-15分钟，然后将单模光纤1和石英玻璃毛细管2平齐的侧端面都抛光至12级或更高的光洁度。
将直径为1-2.5毫米的高硼硅玻璃加工成100-500微米的厚度，然后将其一个端面抛光至12级的光洁度，另一个端面抛光至8-9级的光洁度。然后将抛光好的高硼硅玻璃3置于酒精溶液中用超声波清洗3-10分钟后擦拭干净。然后通过光胶法将高硼硅玻璃3的光洁度为12级的侧端面固定在石英玻璃毛细管2的端面上。
将用改性季铵盐壳聚糖制成的活性层4的一侧端面通过自组装法直接制备在高硼硅玻璃的端面6上。活性层4的另一侧端面7要有较好的光洁度，以确保能够反射一定的光功率。
下面结合附图2-3对本发明基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器的测量原理进行说明。
如图2所示，石英玻璃毛细管2和高硼硅玻璃3由于折射率不一样，在物理意义上，形成由石英玻璃毛细管2和高硼硅玻璃3相接触的端面5作为反射面的第一反射面；高硼硅玻璃3和活性层4的折射率也不一样，形成第二反射面6；第一反射面5和第二反射面6构成 第一个法布里-珀罗腔的两个反射面，第二反射面6和活性层4的表面7构成第二个法布里-珀罗腔的两个反射面。光纤的光信号从左往右传输，传输至第二反射面6时产生部分反射8，即石英玻璃毛细管2端面和高硼硅玻璃3的分界面反射的光信号，剩余光信号在高硼硅玻璃3继续向右传输，传输至分界面6即第二反射面时也将产生部分反射9，即高硼硅玻璃3和活性层4的分界面反射的光信号，然后剩下的光信号在活性层4内继续向右传输，最后在活性层4的外表面7产生反射，石英玻璃毛细管2端面和高硼硅玻璃3的分界面反射的光信号8和高硼硅玻璃和活性层的分界面反射的光信号9产生干涉，高硼硅玻璃3和活性层4的分界面反射的光信号9和活性层表面反射的光信号10产生干涉，石英玻璃毛细管2端面和高硼硅玻璃3的分界面反射的光信号8和活性层表面反射的光信号10也会产生干涉(提取传感信号时这个干涉信号可忽略)。活性层4吸附重金属离子后，其折射率或厚度将发生变化，此时高硼硅玻璃3和活性层4的分界面反射的光信号9和活性层表面反射的光信号10产生的干涉信号将发生变化，反映了重金属离子含量的变化；周围环境温度变化时，高硼硅玻璃3的厚度也就发生变化，此时石英玻璃毛细管端面和高硼硅玻璃的分界面反射的光信号8和高硼硅玻璃和活性层的分界面反射的光信号9产生的干涉信号将发生变化，高硼硅玻璃3和活性层4的分界面反射的光信号9和活性层表面反射的光信号10产生的干涉信号也将发生变化，因此高硼硅玻璃3和活性层4的分界面反射的光信号9和活性层表面反射的光信号10产生的总变化可以根据分界面反射的光信号8和9的干涉信号变化剔除检测重金属离子浓度时温度引起的误差。
如图3所示，重金属离子传感器14置于存放重金属离子溶液的 容器13中，光源11发出的光信号经光纤耦合器12和光纤到达重金属离子传感器14，重金属离子传感器14获取重金属离子含量产生的反射干涉信号经光纤耦合器12和光纤送至信号解调和输出显示装置15处进行解调和输出显示。
本发明利用光纤干涉的优点以及改性高分子化合物吸附重金属离子后导致其折射率和厚度的细微变化，从而引起干涉条纹的变化，依据高分辨率解调算法，可以快速方便高灵敏度地地测量环境中的重金属离子浓度，从而能够对环境或食品中的重金属污染情况进行有效评估。同时，由于环境温度变化的时候会引起高硼硅玻璃的厚度变化，同时也会引起活性层厚度的变化，因此，可以通过高硼硅厚度变化引起的干涉条纹变化信息剔除活性层因环境温度变化引起的干涉条纹变化量，从而提高重金属离子的测量精度。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器，其特征在于包括单模光纤、石英玻璃毛细管、高硼硅玻璃、活性层；
    所述单模光纤插入所述石英玻璃毛细管内,所述单模光纤的一端伸出所述石英玻璃毛细管的一端；所述石英玻璃毛细管的另一端与所述高硼硅玻璃的一端固定连接；
    所述高硼硅玻璃的另一端与所述活性层的一端固定连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器，其特征在于，所述石英玻璃毛细管的内径为126-128微米，外径为1-2.5毫米；所述高硼硅玻璃的厚度为100-500微米。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器，其特征在于，所述石英玻璃毛细管与所述高硼硅玻璃相接触的端面、所述单模光纤与所述高硼硅玻璃相接触的端面都应具有12级或以上光洁度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器，其特征在于：所述单模光纤和所述石英玻璃毛细管通过环氧胶固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4之一所述基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    (1)准备单模光纤，在单模光纤周面涂抹环氧树脂光学胶后将其插入石英玻璃毛细管通孔内形成侧端面平齐的整体，在80-150℃温度下放置1-15分钟；然后将单模光纤和石英玻璃毛细管平齐的侧端面都抛光至12级或更高的光洁度；
    (2)将直径为1-2.5毫米的高硼硅玻璃加工成100-500微米的厚度，然后将其一个端面抛光至12级的光洁度，另一个端面抛光至8-9级的光洁度；
    (3)将步骤(1)中制备的固定有单模光纤的石英玻璃毛细管和步骤(2)中抛光完毕的高硼硅玻璃置于酒精溶液中用超声波清洗3-10分钟；
    (4)将通孔内插有单模光纤的石英玻璃毛细管的抛光面与抛光好的高硼硅玻璃的侧端面通过光胶法固定；
    (5)准备活性层，通过自组装方法将其制备在高硼硅玻璃的另一侧端面上，活性层裸露的一侧端面光洁度应能保证反射一定的光功率。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于法布里-珀罗干涉的光纤重金属离子传感器的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(5)中活性层由改性季铵盐壳聚糖制成。
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