CN112268874A - 一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置,包括:光源、起偏器、偏振控制控制器、1X2耦合器、2X1耦合器、第一声光调制器、第二声光调制器、信号调制器、环形器、光纤探头、偏振分束器、信号光电探测器、参考光电探测器、锁相放大器;光纤探头的反射光进入到偏振分束器,输出互为正交偏振的两路光,分别输入信号光电探测器、参考光电探测器,形成两路拍频信号,两路拍频信号通过锁相放大器测量出两路光的相位差大小,相位差的大小与待测物质的浓度大小相关。本发明通过与光纤传感器结合,可以实现取样检测一步到位,并进行多参数、多通道的测量,可用于大型传染疾病现场、快速、超高敏的早期诊断。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医学检验传感技术领域,特别是涉及一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置。
背景技术
急性呼吸道传染病会使得感染者临床表现为发热、乏力等全身症状,伴有干咳,呼吸困难等,可迅速发展为重症肺炎,而且因为传染性会导致疑似感染者和其密切接触者数量迅速增长。因此及时进行筛查病毒是非常重要的防控手段,可以降低感染者的死亡风险,也可以及时控制传染源,减少因接触潜伏期人员的感染风险。国内外的科研人员对各类冠状病毒检测进行了大量的研究工作,研发了众多病毒检测产品。目前用于病毒检测的方法主要有核酸检测法和免疫学检测法,核酸检测法直接检测病人体内新冠病毒核酸物质,判断是否感染新冠肺炎,包括PCR技术、基因芯片、荧光原位杂交技术等,这些方法操作比较繁琐,耗时较长。免疫学检测法理论基础是抗原抗体应答,主要用于过敏疾病自身抗体检测、对各种病原体抗原检测等。检测效率较高,速度较快,抗体抗原结合特异性较高。常用检验技术有ELISA技术、胶体金技术、免疫荧光技术等,本次新冠疫情期间,多家公司成功迅速开发相应诊断检测试剂盒,可用于辅助诊断和快速筛查。但是现有检测手段存在的主要问题有易出现灵敏度不够,特异性不高等,难以在复杂环境下工作,检测通量不足,检测步骤繁琐等等。所以超早期、超灵敏病毒检测技术非常重要。
另一方面,光纤在全世界的信息传输中扮演着一个重要的角色,它具有抗干扰,带宽大,成本低等诸多优点,而且具有良好的生物相容性,对被测物影响小,可实现多参数、多通道的测量,能够轻易实现紧凑、灵活的导波结构,在生物光学方面可以实现取样-检测一步到位的超高灵敏检测。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置。
一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置,包括:光源、起偏器、偏振控制控制器、1X2耦合器、2X1耦合器、第一声光调制器、第二声光调制器、信号调制器、环形器、光纤探头、偏振分束器、信号光电探测器、参考光电探测器、锁相放大器;所述光源依次通过起偏器和偏振控制器输出偏振光,偏振光通过1X2耦合器进入到第一声光调制器、第二声光调制器,第一声光调制器、第二声光调制器通过信号调制器的调制输出两路频率不同的光,通过2X1耦合器进入环形器输出到光纤探头,光纤探头的反射光进入到偏振分束器,输出互为正交偏振的两路光,其中一路P光为信号光,另一路S光为参考光,分别输入信号光电探测器、参考光电探测器,形成两路拍频信号,两路拍频信号通过锁相放大器测量出两路光的相位差大小,相位差的大小与待测物质的浓度大小相关;所述光纤探头从内到外依次包括光纤传感器、吸水层、隔水外包层,光纤探头的一端与环形器相连,另一端用于接触待测物质,待测物质通过吸水层富集到所述光纤传感器引起反射光的变化。
所述的基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置,通过计算机存储数据并进一步分析相位差和待测物质浓度大小的关系。
所述的光纤探头为一个或者多个,所述的光纤探头具有一个或者多个光纤传感器。
所述光纤传感器表面经过处理,设有生物识别物或化学识别物,所述生物识别物包括抗体、抗原、酶或核酸。
所述光纤传感器表面具有一层抗非特异性吸附的单分子薄膜,所述单分子薄膜包括聚乙二醇膜、磷酸膜,防止非目标分子粘附在传感层表面造成干扰信号。
所述光纤传感器的材质选自单模石英光纤、多模光纤、光子晶体光纤、塑料光纤。
所述光源可为波长可调LED光源或波长可调激光(LD)光源。
所述的吸水层选自纸、棉、化工纤维材质。
相比于现有技术,本发明通过利用光纤传感器实现对大型传染疾病快速精确的早期诊断,光纤传感器可以直接作为探针实现取样检测一体化,使得检测步骤简单化,可以进行多参数、多通道的测量。光纤探头结构利用吸水层的长距离微流毛细等作用提高了光纤探头和样品的接触面积,提升探测灵敏度。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施方式的系统框图。
图2为本发明一实施方式的光纤探头结构示意图。
图3为本发明一实施方式的光纤传感器的应用示意图。
其中,1为隔水外包层,2为吸水层,3为光纤传感器。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,当元件被称与另一个元件“连接”或元件被称为“连接至”另一个元件时,它可以直接与另一个元件连接或者也可以存在居中的元件。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。
请参阅图1,其是本发明一实施方式的系统结构图,本发明提供的一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置包括: 光源、起偏器、偏振控制控制器、1X2耦合器、2X1耦合器、第一声光调制器、第二声光调制器、信号调制器、环形器、光纤探头、偏振分束器、信号光电探测器、参考光电探测器、锁相放大器、计算机。
如图2所示,所述光纤探头从内到外依次包括光纤传感器3、吸水层2、隔水外包层1,光纤探头的一端与环形器相连,另一端用于接触待测物质,待测物质通过吸水层富集到所述光纤传感器引起反射光的变化。所述的吸水层可选自纸、棉、化工纤维材质。本实施例中吸水层选用棉材质。在确保安全检测的前提下,吸水层的存在可增大所述光纤探头传感表面和样品的接触长度及面积,累计光相位变化更大,可以提升灵敏度和进行更有效地测量。
所述光纤传感器表面经过处理,设有生物识别物或化学识别物,在本实施例中选用适配体。
所述光纤传感器表面还具有一层抗非特异性吸附的单分子薄膜,所述单分子薄膜可为聚乙二醇膜,防止非目标分子粘附在传感层表面造成干扰信号。
所述光纤传感器的材质选自单模石英光纤、多模光纤、光子晶体光纤、塑料光纤。在本实施例中,光纤传感器为单模石英光纤。
如图3所示,本实施例选用的光纤传感器是基于D型光纤的SPR传感器。
光纤传感器3包括一个金薄膜和一个侧面抛光结构。通过侧面抛光系统对单模光纤进行侧面抛光,形成D型光纤,使用溅射机在D型光纤表面沉积了一层金膜,金膜会激发表面等离子体共振SPR,SPR模式与D型光纤基模在相位匹配条件下达到共振耦合,利用共振波长对金属表面介质折射率变化非常敏感这一特性,实现对介质折射率的检测。
对于复杂环境(如血液、痰液、尿液、气管分泌液等)中的传感,一大实际问题是各类生物分子和细胞残留物等对传感界面的非特异性吸附。这一吸附问题主要是由分子间电荷弱相互作用导致的,将对光纤传感器造成严重干扰,导致各类假性诊断。作为一个实例,本发明还采用单分子膜结构,对复杂环境中非特异性吸附进行抑制。具体,自组装单分子膜由聚乙二醇构成,端基为可功能化基团(包括但不限于羧基)的链状分子构成,中间嵌入适配体进行修饰,如此,可通过调控聚乙二醇分子和羧基分子的比例,定量控制适配体的数量,实现抗非特异性前提下的选择性识别。在本实施例中可在金膜表面生长适配体PDA/Tris抗体偶联层,可与新冠病毒S2蛋白发生特异性结合,新冠病毒S2蛋白可以是化工合成或者基因工程生产得到,当S2蛋白结合到传感器表面后会影响金属表面介质折射率,从而影响到输出光信号。如果S2蛋白为组装于新冠病毒时,可通过S2蛋白直接测新冠病毒本身,新冠病毒直径比S2蛋白大许多,会造成光纤传感器3上更大的折射率变化,如此灵敏度可增加更多。
本实施例中设计并搭建SPR传感器共路光外差相位检测装置,包括:光源、起偏器、偏振控制控制器、1X2耦合器、2X1耦合器、第一声光调制器、第二声光调制器、信号调制器、环形器、光纤探头、偏振分束器、信号光电探测器、参考光电探测器、锁相放大器、计算机。所述光源可为可调LED光源、可调LD光源。本实施例中选用了850nmLED光源,所述光源依次通过起偏器和偏振控制器输出偏振光,偏振光通过1X2耦合器进入到第一声光调制器、第二声光调制器,第一声光调制器、第二声光调制器通过信号调制器的调制输出两路频率不同的光,通过2X1耦合器进入环形器输出到光纤探头,光纤探头会激发SPR模式的反射光进入到偏振分束器,输出互为正交偏振的两路光,其中一路P光为信号光,另一路S光为参考光,分别输入信号光电探测器、参考光电探测器,形成两路拍频信号,两路拍频信号通过锁相放大器测量出两路光的相位差大小,通过计算机存储数据并进一步分析相位差和待测物质浓度大小的关系。
检测时将光纤探头接触离体样品或直接接触人体的待检部位,光纤传感器3表面修饰了病毒抗体或者其它的特异性识别物。特异性识别物包括抗体、抗原、酶、核酸、配体等等,对于本领域技术人员来说可以根据需要进行选择一种或者多种进行使用,同种也可以有多种组合,比如一抗、二抗等等。样品中含有的病毒会和所述光纤传感器表面识别物进行结合或者发生反应,引起光纤传感器3内传输的信号光的相位发生变化,相位变化的大小可以反映出病毒的浓度大小。对于本领域技术人员来说,对同一样品或者人体的待检部位,可以同时或者先后采用多个光纤探头,具有一个或者多个特异性识别物,一种或者多种特异性识别物,以满足高通量的要求或者减少样品的损耗。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行诸多的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求书为准。
Claims (8)
1.一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置,其特征在于,包括:光源、起偏器、偏振控制控制器、1X2耦合器、2X1耦合器、第一声光调制器、第二声光调制器、信号调制器、环形器、光纤探头、偏振分束器、信号光电探测器、参考光电探测器、锁相放大器;所述光源依次通过起偏器和偏振控制器输出偏振光,偏振光通过1X2耦合器进入到第一声光调制器、第二声光调制器,第一声光调制器、第二声光调制器通过信号调制器的调制输出两路频率不同的光,通过2X1耦合器进入环形器输出到光纤探头,光纤探头的反射光进入到偏振分束器,输出互为正交偏振的两路光,其中一路P光为信号光,另一路S光为参考光,分别输入信号光电探测器、参考光电探测器,形成两路拍频信号,两路拍频信号通过锁相放大器测量出两路光的相位差大小,相位差的大小与待测物质的浓度大小相关;
所述光纤探头从内到外依次包括光纤传感器、吸水层、隔水外包层,光纤探头的一端与环形器相连,另一端用于接触待测物质,待测物质通过吸水层富集到所述光纤传感器引起反射光的变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置,其特征在于,通过计算机存储数据并进一步分析相位差和待测物质浓度大小的关系。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置,其特征在于,所述的光纤探头为一个或者多个,所述的光纤探头具有一个或者多个光纤传感器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置,其特征在于,所述光纤传感器表面经过处理,设有生物识别物或化学识别物,所述生物识别物包括抗体、抗原、酶或核酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置及系统,其特征在于,所述光纤传感器表面还具有一层抗非特异性吸附的单分子薄膜,所述单分子薄膜包括聚乙二醇膜、磷酸膜,防止非目标分子粘附在传感层表面造成干扰信号。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置,其特征在于,所述光纤传感器的材质选自单模石英光纤、多模光纤、光子晶体光纤、塑料光纤。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置,其特征在于,所述光源可为波长可调LED光源或波长可调激光(LD)光源。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光纤生化探针的快速超灵敏传感装置,其特征在于,所述的吸水层选自纸、棉、化工纤维材质。
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