WO2021184583A1 - 一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备 - Google Patents

一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021184583A1
WO2021184583A1 PCT/CN2020/099154 CN2020099154W WO2021184583A1 WO 2021184583 A1 WO2021184583 A1 WO 2021184583A1 CN 2020099154 W CN2020099154 W CN 2020099154W WO 2021184583 A1 WO2021184583 A1 WO 2021184583A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting
frame
polishing
wheel
pushing
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PCT/CN2020/099154
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2021184583A8 (zh
Inventor
严东芳
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严东芳
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Publication of WO2021184583A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021184583A1/zh
Publication of WO2021184583A8 publication Critical patent/WO2021184583A8/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
    • B28D5/04—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools
    • B28D5/045—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools by cutting with wires or closed-loop blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
    • B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/22—Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B51/00—Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/02—Equipment for cooling the grinding surfaces, e.g. devices for feeding coolant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/06—Dust extraction equipment on grinding or polishing machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
    • B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
    • B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B9/16—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of diamonds; of jewels or the like; Diamond grinders' dops; Dop holders or tongs
    • B24B9/168—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of diamonds; of jewels or the like; Diamond grinders' dops; Dop holders or tongs grinding peripheral, e.g. conical or cylindrical, surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
    • B28D5/0058—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
    • B28D5/0058—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material
    • B28D5/0064—Devices for the automatic drive or the program control of the machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
    • B28D5/0058—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material
    • B28D5/0082—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material for supporting, holding, feeding, conveying or discharging work

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a crystal processing equipment, in particular to a cutting and polishing integrated equipment for crystal processing.
  • Crystals are widely loved because of their various shapes and crystal clear appearance, so many ornaments with crystals as the main are also extended; in the process of making crystals, you need to select materials and design first, and then use the cutting device to adjust A series of processes such as cutting, grinding and polishing of crystal blanks; the current process of crystal processing is mainly through manual feeding for cutting, and then manual handling of the cut crystals in the early stage to the grinding machine for polishing, the whole process requires more Many workers perform high-intensity operations, and the overall labor intensity is relatively large; and the general grinders and cutting machines are distributed in two places, and the loading space, unloading space and handling space are combined, resulting in the overall crystal cutting processing The occupied area is relatively large. Therefore, the existing crystal processing machinery has the problems of large labor intensity and large area.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated cutting and polishing equipment for crystal processing.
  • the invention can not only reduce labor intensity, but also has the advantage of small floor space.
  • a cutting and polishing integrated equipment for crystal processing including a frame, on which a cutting frame is arranged; the cutting frame is provided with a lifting plate, and a first lifting cylinder is installed on the top surface of the lifting plate; A first ball screw is provided on both sides of the plate; an arc pressing block is provided on the first ball screw, and a first servo motor is connected to one end of the first ball screw; both sides of the lifting plate are provided There are take-up and pay-off devices, and each take-up and pay-off device is arranged between the lifting plate and the first ball screw, and a cutting line is connected between the two take-up and pay-off devices; a swing line wheel is installed on the bottom surface of the lifting plate; The wire wheel is arranged between the two wire take-up and pay-off devices, and is connected to the two wire take-up and take-up devices through the cutting line; one side of the cutting frame is provided with a pushing device, and the other side is provided with a polishing frame; the polishing
  • the variable speed drive device includes a drive frame, and a second servo motor is arranged on the inner side of the drive frame; a second ball screw is installed on the second servo motor, A sliding block is installed on the ball screw; a connecting rod is connected to the top surface of the sliding block, and one end of the connecting rod is connected with a stator; a rotor is arranged in the stator, and a driving rod is installed on the rotor; the grinding wheel is fixedly installed on the drive On the rod; one side of the second ball screw is provided with a positioning plate, and a plurality of evenly distributed displacement sensors are provided on the positioning plate.
  • a controller is provided on the surface of the frame, and a display screen is provided on one side of the controller; the displacement sensor, the first lifting cylinder, the first servo motor, The pushing device, the second lifting cylinder, the exhaust device, the display screen and the second servo motor are all electrically connected with the controller.
  • the exhaust device includes an exhaust plate located on the bottom surface of the drive frame, and a plurality of evenly distributed blowing parts are arranged on the bottom surface of the exhaust plate; A vent pipe is provided, and each blowing piece is connected with the vent pipe; one end of the vent pipe is connected with a blower, and the blower is installed on the polishing frame.
  • the take-up and pay-off device includes a take-up and take-up reel, on which a torque motor is installed; one side of the take-up and take-up reel is provided with a guide wheel, and the guide wheel and A wire arranging wheel is arranged between the take-up and pay-off wheels; a meter counter is arranged on the arranging wheel, and a disconnection sensor is arranged between the arranging wheel and the guide wheel; the arc-shaped pressing block is arranged on the disconnection sensor and the guide wheel Between; the disconnection sensor and meter counter are electrically connected to the torque motor.
  • the pushing device includes a pushing rod, one end of the pushing rod is provided with a pushing cylinder; the other end of the pushing rod is connected with a fixed cylinder, and the outer surface of the fixed cylinder is provided with A plurality of evenly distributed infrared emitters; one side of the pushing rod is provided with a detection board, and an infrared sensor is provided on the side of the detection board near one end of the cutting frame, and the infrared sensor is electrically connected with the pushing cylinder.
  • a pushing channel is provided on the surface of the frame, and a plurality of evenly distributed leakage holes are provided on the bottom surface of the pushing channel; the side wall of the pushing channel corresponds to the cutting rack and The position of the polishing frame is provided with a through groove; the center line of the pushing device coincides with the center line of the pushing channel.
  • a dust collecting frame is provided on the frame at a position corresponding to the pushing channel.
  • the present invention improves the existing polishing and cutting equipment for crystal processing.
  • the crystal blank is pushed under the cutting frame by the pushing device, and then the first
  • the lifting cylinder drives the lifting plate and the swing wire wheel to move up and down, so as to cut the crystal blank; then the crystal blank is pushed forward by the pushing device, so that the cut crystal can be moved to the bottom of the polishing frame, and the polishing wheel is used to set the crystal blank.
  • the cutting surface of the crystal is polished, so as to realize the integrated work of cutting and polishing. The whole process only needs to be manually loaded and unloaded once, which greatly reduces the labor intensity, and the polishing and cutting are set on the same frame.
  • the transition from fine grinding to fine grinding eliminates the need to configure two grinders, thereby reducing production costs and expanding the scope of application; at the same time, by connecting an exhaust device on one side of the variable speed drive device, the exhaust device can not only be used for variable speed drive
  • the device performs a certain cooling, thereby further extending the service life; at the same time, it can also blow up and cool the grinding wheel and the grinding surface, and can also blow away the dust on the grinding surface, which not only facilitates the observation of the grinding surface, but also improves the grinding Accuracy; it can also handle the dust in a centralized way, which is convenient for cleaning.
  • the present invention also uses the second ball screw and the second servo motor to drive the second ball screw to rotate, thereby driving the sliding block to move up and down, which in turn drives the linkage rod to move.
  • the linkage rod drives the stator to move, so that there is a relative displacement between the stator and the rotor.
  • the displacement sensor can accurately know the displacement difference between the stator and the rotor, so as to accurately control the rotation speed of the grinding wheel, and further improve the grinding accuracy; by setting the controller and the display screen, the controller is used to control the entire operation process, and It is displayed on the display, which further facilitates the use; by setting multiple blowing parts, it can realize all-round cleaning and improve the cleaning effect; by installing a torque motor on the take-up and take-up reel, by changing the output current of the torque motor The speed and cutting direction of the take-up and take-up wheel can be adjusted to reduce the manufacturing cost; and the torque motor can ensure the cutting line tension while also ensuring the stability of the cutting line speed, thereby ensuring the stability of the cutting; The meter wheel and the disconnection sensor are provided to facilitate the user to adjust and replace the cutting line in time, which further facilitates the use; through a
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the cutting frame
  • Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of B in Fig. 1;
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of C in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a front view of the fixed cylinder
  • Fig. 7 is a left side view of the fixed cylinder.
  • the marks in the drawings are: 1-frame, 2-cutting frame, 3-lifting plate, 4-first lifting cylinder, 6-first ball screw, 7-curved pressing block, 8-first servo motor , 9- Take-up and pay-off device, 10-swing reel, 11-pushing device, 12-polishing frame, 14-second lifting cylinder, 15-variable drive device, 16-exhaust device, 17-polishing wheel, 18- Drive frame, 19-second servo motor, 20-second ball screw, 21-sliding block, 22-linkage rod, 23-stator, 24-rotor, 25-drive rod, 26-positioning plate, 27-displacement Sensor, 28-controller, 29-display, 30-exhaust plate, 31-blowing part, 32-vent pipe, 33-blower, 34-reel and take-up wheel, 35-torque motor, 36-guide wheel, 37-wire wheel, 38-meter counter, 41-disconnection sensor, 42-push rod, 43-push cylinder, 44-fixed cylinder, 46-in
  • a cutting and polishing integrated equipment for crystal processing The structure is shown in Figs.
  • a first lifting cylinder 4 is installed on the lifting plate 3; a first ball screw 6 is provided on both sides of the lifting plate 3; an arc pressing block 7 is provided on the first ball screw 6, and one end of the first ball screw 6 is connected
  • a cutting line is connected between the pay-off devices 9;
  • a swinging reel 10 is installed on the bottom surface of the lifting plate 3; 9 connection; one side of the cutting frame 2 is provided with a pushing device 11, and the other side is provided with a polishing frame 12;
  • a second lifting cylinder 14 is installed on the polishing frame 12; one end of the second lifting cylinder 14 is connected with a variable speed drive In the device 15, one side of the variable-speed drive device 15 is connected with an exhaust device 16
  • the variable speed drive device 15 includes a drive frame 18, and a second servo motor 19 is arranged on the inner side of the drive frame 18; a second ball screw 20 is installed on the second servo motor 19, and a second ball screw 20 is installed on the second servo motor 19 Sliding block 21; the top surface of the sliding block 21 is connected with a linkage rod 22, one end of the linkage rod 22 is connected with a stator 23; the stator 23 is provided with a rotor 24, and a drive rod 25 is installed on the rotor 24; a grinding wheel 17 Fixedly installed on the driving rod 25; a positioning plate 26 is provided on one side of the second ball screw 20, and a plurality of evenly distributed displacement sensors 27 are provided on the positioning plate 26; and the surface of the frame 1 is provided with The controller 28 is provided with a display screen 29 on one side of the controller 28; the displacement sensor 27, the first lifting cylinder 4, the first servo motor 8, the pushing device 11, the second lifting cylinder 14, the exhaust device 16, the display The screen 29 and the second serv
  • the controller 28 used in the present invention is a programmable controller of FX2C-20MRD, Cortex-R8, or Cortex-M7;
  • the displacement sensor 27 used is LD620-5, LDI-G19-100-A210S or LDI -G19-075-A220S and other models;
  • the disconnection sensor 41 used is HDX-NB-1919A, U17-NO or HDX-NB-1719U;
  • the infrared sensor 48 used is PIS209, LHI878 or SE2470.
  • the controller 28 When working, first place the crystal blank to be cut on the pushing channel 49, and then connect the entire device to an external power source, so that the controller 28, the displacement sensor 27, the meter 38, and the disconnection sensor 41, The infrared transmitter 46, the infrared sensor 48 and the display screen 29 are powered on at the same time; then the length of the crystal blank to be cut is input through the display screen 29; the data input through the display screen 29 will be transmitted to the controller 28 through electrical signals, at this time The controller 28 will record according to the received data and compare the data sent by the infrared sensor 48; then the controller 28 will first control the push cylinder 43 to start, and after the push cylinder 43 starts, it will drive the fixed cylinder 44 to the cutting frame 2.
  • the movement of the fixed cylinder 44 will drive the crystal blanks to move together, so that the fixed cylinder 44 can drive the crystal blanks to move directly under the cutting frame 2; with the movement of the fixed cylinder 44, the infrared emission on the fixed cylinder 44
  • the infrared sensor 46 will also move together.
  • the infrared sensor 48 receives the infrared light sent by the infrared transmitter 46, it will calculate the distance and send it to the controller 28.
  • the infrared sensor 48 sends the data to the controller 28 and the internal storage
  • the controller 28 will control the pushing cylinder 43 to pause at this time. At this time, the length of the crystal blank under the cutting frame 2 is the length that needs to be cut.
  • the controller 28 will control the first lifting cylinder 4, the torque motor 35 and the first servo motor 8 to start.
  • the first lifting cylinder 4 After the first lifting cylinder 4 is started, it will drive the lifting plate 3 to move in the direction of the pushing channel 49, lifting The movement of the plate 3 will drive the swinging reel 10 to move in the direction of the pushing channel 49, so that the swinging reel 10 can fix the cutting line between the crystal blank and the swinging reel 10; and the torque motor 35 will drive the retracting and unwinding after starting The wire wheel 34 rotates. After the take-up and pay-off wheel 34 rotates, the cutting line will be driven to move cyclically.
  • the cutting line movement will be moved under the action of the guide wheel 36 and the line wheel 37, so that the swinging line wheel 10 can move on the cutting line.
  • the reciprocating swing is carried out under the action of the movement of the oscillating line.
  • the cutting line can use the largest contact area with the smallest contact area.
  • the disconnection sensor 41 will detect the cutting line.
  • the disconnection sensor 41 will immediately send an electrical signal to the controller 28, so that the controller 28 can control the entire cutting device to stop in time. To prevent idling from causing damage to the equipment; the dust generated during the cutting process will collect on the frame 1 through the leak hole 50 on the pushing channel 49.
  • the controller 28 will first control the first lifting cylinder 4, the torque motor 35 and the first servo motor 8 to turn off, and then control the push cylinder 43 to start again. After the push cylinder 43 starts, it will drive the fixed cylinder 44 to the cutting frame. Moving in two directions, the movement of the fixed cylinder 44 will drive the crystal blanks to move together, so that the crystal blanks at the back move to the bottom of the cutting frame 2, and the cut front crystal segment can move along the push channel 49 to the polishing frame 12.
  • the controller 28 will control the second lifting cylinder 14, the variable speed drive device 15 and the blower 33 to start; the second lifting cylinder 14 will drive the polishing shell after the start 13 moves in the direction of the pushing channel 49, the movement of the grinding shell 13 will drive the grinding wheel 17 to move together, so that the grinding wheel 17 can contact the cutting surface of the front crystal section; and the variable speed drive device 15 is started (that is, the external power supply gives the stator 23
  • the stator 23 is energized, a certain magnetic field can be generated. At this time, an induced current will be generated in the rotor 24 in the magnetic field and the rotor 24 will rotate in the magnetic field.
  • the rotation of the rotor 24 will drive the drive rod 25 to rotate, thereby making the drive
  • the rotation of the rod 25 drives the grinding wheel 17 to rotate to complete the grinding of the cutting surface of the front crystal section; and the blower 33 will pass a high-speed airflow into the vent pipe 32 after the blower 33 is started, and the high-speed airflow will pass the blowing member 31 to the work being polished.
  • the surface, the variable speed drive device 15 and the grinding wheel 17 are blown and cooled, and the dust produced by the grinding is quickly blown to the leakage hole 50 to complete the cleaning; when the speed of the grinding wheel 17 needs to be adjusted, only the second servo needs to be activated
  • the motor 19 and the second servo motor 19 will drive the second ball screw 20 to rotate after being turned on.
  • the second ball screw 20 After the second ball screw 20 rotates, it will drive the sliding block 21 to move. The movement of the sliding block 21 will drive the linkage rod 22 to move. The linkage rod 22 drives the stator 23 to move. After the stator 23 moves, a certain relative displacement can be formed between the stator 23 and the rotor 24.
  • the magnetic field generated by the stator 23 is transmitted to the rotor 24 and the magnetic field force is reduced, so that the internal
  • the reduction of the induced current reduces the rotational speed of the rotor 24, thereby reducing the rotational speed of the drive rod 25, thereby realizing the purpose of changing the rotational speed of the grinding wheel 17, which can achieve both fine grinding and rough grinding, which expands the scope of application;
  • the sensor 27 detects the distance moved by the sliding block 21 and sends it to the controller 28.
  • the controller 28 uses the calculation formula to calculate according to the data sent by the displacement sensor 27, converts the distance into a rotational speed value, and displays it on the display screen. , Thereby facilitating the use; after the polishing is completed, the controller 28 will control the second lifting cylinder 14, the variable speed drive device 15 and the blower 33 to turn off to complete the overall work.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备，它包括机架（1），机架（1）上设置有切割架（2）；切割架（2）上设置有升降板（3），升降板（3）上安装有第一升降气缸（4）；升降板（3）的两侧均设置有第一滚珠丝杠（6）；第一滚珠丝杠（6）上设置有弧形压块（7）和第一伺服电机（8）；升降板（3）的两侧均设置有收放线装置（9），两个收放线装置（9）之间连接有切割线；升降板（3）底面上安装有摇摆线轮（10）；切割架（2）的两侧分别设置有推动装置（11）和打磨架（12）；打磨架（12）上安装有第二升降气缸（14）；第二升降气缸（14）上连接有变速驱动装置（15）、排气装置（16）和打磨轮（17）。本设备不仅能够降低劳动强度，还具有占地面积小、切割效果好、工作效率高、适用范围广、使用寿命长、清理方便、稳定性高、使用方便、打磨精度高和生产成本低的优点。

Description

一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种水晶加工用设备，特别是一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备。
背景技术
水晶体因为其千姿百态的形状，晶莹剔透的外观受到广泛的喜爱，因此也延伸出很多以水晶为主要的装饰品；在制作水晶体的过程中，需要先进行选料、设计，然后再利用切割装置对水晶胚料进行切割、打磨和抛光等一系列工序；目前水晶加工的过程中主要是通过人工上料进行切割，再有人工将切割好的前期水晶搬运大到打磨机上进行打磨，整个过程需要较多的工人进行高强度作业，整体的劳动强度较大；而且一般的打磨机和切割机是分布在两个地方的，再配合上料空间、下料空间和搬运空间，导致整体水晶切割加工所占用的面积较大。因此，现有的水晶加工机械存在着劳动强度较大和占地面积较大的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备。本发明不仅能够降低劳动强度，还具有占地面积小的优点。
本发明的技术方案：一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备，包括机架，机架上设置有切割架；切割架上设置有升降板，升降板的顶面上安装有第一升降气缸；升降板的两侧均设置有第一滚珠丝杠；第一滚珠丝杠上设置有弧形压块，第一滚珠丝杠的一端部连接有第一伺服电机；所述升降板的两侧均设置有收放线装置，每个收放线装置均设置在升降板与第一滚珠丝杠之间，两个收放线装置之间连接有切割线； 升降板底面上安装有摇摆线轮；摇摆线轮设置在两个收放线装置之间，并通过切割线与两个收放线装置连接；所述切割架的一侧设置有推动装置，另一侧设置有打磨架；打磨架上安装有第二升降气缸；第二升降气缸的一端部连接有变速驱动装置，变速驱动装置的一侧连接有排气装置；变速驱动装置上连接有打磨轮。
前述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备中，所述变速驱动装置包括驱动框，驱动框的内侧面上设置有第二伺服电机；第二伺服电机上安装有第二滚珠丝杠，第二滚珠丝杠上安装有滑动块；滑动块的顶面上连接有连动杆，连动杆的一端部连接有定子；定子内设置有转子，转子上安装有驱动杆；打磨轮固定安装在驱动杆上；所述第二滚珠丝杠的一侧设置有定位板，定位板上设置有多个均匀分布的位移传感器。
前述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备中，所述机架的表面上设置有控制器，控制器的一侧设置有显示屏；所述位移传感器、第一升降气缸、第一伺服电机、推动装置、第二升降气缸、排气装置、显示屏和第二伺服电机均与控制器电性连接。
前述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备中，所述排气装置包括位于驱动框底面上的排气板，排气板的底面上设置有多个均匀分布的吹气件；排气板内设置有通气管，每个吹气件均与通气管连通；通气管的一端部连接有鼓风机，鼓风机安装在打磨架上。
前述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备中，所述收放线装置包括收放线轮，收放线轮上安装有力矩电机；收放线轮的一侧设置有导向轮，导向轮与收放线轮之间设置有排线轮；排线轮上设置有计米器，排线轮与导向轮之间设置有断线传感器；所述弧形压块设置在断线传感器与导向轮之间；所述断线传感器和计米器与力矩电机电性连接。
前述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备中，所述推动装置包括推动杆，推动杆的一端部设置有推动气缸；推动杆的另一端部连接有 固定筒，固定筒的外表面上设置有多个均匀分布的红外发射器；所述推动杆的一侧设置有检测板，检测板上靠近切割架一端部的侧面上设有红外传感器，红外传感器与推动气缸电性连接。
前述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备中，所述机架的表面上设有推动通道，推动通道的底面上设有多个均匀分布的漏孔；推动通道的侧壁上对应切割架和打磨架的位置处均设有通槽；所述推动装置的中心线与推动通道中心线重合。
前述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备中，所述机架上对应推动通道的位置处设有集尘框。
与现有技术相比，本发明改进了现有的水晶加工用打磨切割设备，通过设置切割架、推动装置和打磨架，由推动装置将水晶胚料推动到切割架的下方，然后又第一升降气缸带动升降板和摇摆线轮升降，从而对水晶胚料进行切割；接着在通过推动装置将水晶胚料往前推，使得切割下来的前期水晶能够移动到打磨架的下方，利用打磨轮对水晶的切割面进行打磨，从而实现切割和打磨一体化工作，整个过程只需要人工进行一次上料和一次下料，很大程度上降低了劳动强度，而且将打磨和切割设置在同一机架上，且两者之间可以进行不同位置的排列组合，从而降低了整体设备的占地面积；通过设置第一升降气缸、收放线装置、摇摆线轮和弧形滑块，利用第一升降气缸带动摇摆线轮往下移动，并利用的摆动以及第一升降气缸的竖直向下的压力，使得切割线与水晶之间的切割面积增加，并且增加了切割线与水晶之间的压力，从而实现在对水晶使实现快速切割的同时，保证了切割面的尽可能的平整，从而提高了切割效果和工作效率；而弧形滑块的设置再配合上收放线轮能够对切割线的张力进行自主调整，进而避免了切割线应为张力过大出现断线的现象，延长了使用寿命；通过在打磨壳上设置变速驱动装置，能够对打磨轮的转速进行自动调整，从 而能够实现粗磨和精磨的转变，不需要配置两台打磨机，从而降低了生产成本，扩大了适用范围；同时，通过在变速驱动装置的一侧连接有排气装置，利用排气装置不仅能够对变速驱动装置进行一定的降温，从而进一步延长了使用寿命；同时也能够对打磨轮以及打磨表面进行吹起降温，还能够将打磨表面的灰尘等吹开，从而不仅方便了打磨面的观察，提高了打磨精度；还能够对灰尘进行集中处理，方便了清理。此外，本发明还通过设置第二滚珠丝杠和第二伺服电机，利用第二伺服电机带动第二滚珠丝杠转动，从而带动滑动块上下移动，滑动块移动又会带动连动杆移动，从而使得连动杆带动定子移动，使得定子与转子之间出现相对位移，这时定子磁场传递给转子的电磁功率就会发生变换，从而实现传动轴转速的比转换的目的，操作起来方便；通过设置位移传感器，能够准确的知道定子与转子之间的位移差，从而能够实现准确的控制打磨轮的转速，进一步提高了打磨精度；通过设置控制器和显示屏，利用控制器控制整个操作过程，并通过显示器显示出来，从而进一步方便了使用；通过设置多个吹气件，从而实现全方位清理，提高了清理效果；通过设置在收放线轮上安装有力矩电机，通过改变力矩电机的输出电流就可以调整收放线轮收放线的速度和切割方向，降低了制造成本；而且力矩电机能够保证切割线张力的同时，也能够保证切割线的速度稳定，从而保证了切割的稳定性；通过设置计米轮和断线传感器，从而能够方便使用者对切割线的调整和及时更换，进一步方便了使用；通过在固定筒的外表面上设置的多个均匀分布的红外发射器，配合设置在检测板设置的红外传感器，从而能够精确的控制切割的长度，在提高切割精度的同时，也能能够避免不必要的材料浪费，从而进一步降低了生产成本；通过设置推动通道，利用推动通道能够对水晶胚料的移动进行限位，避免其前端移动导致切割错位的现象发生；通过在推动通道的底面上设有多个漏孔和通 槽，在方便打磨和切割的同时，也能够对切割或者打磨下来的灰尘进行初步集中处理，进一步方便了清理。因此，本发明不仅能够降低劳动强度，还具有占地面积小、切割效果好、工作效率高、适用范围广、使用寿命长、清理方便、稳定性高、使用方便、打磨精度高和生产成本低的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是切割架的侧视图；
图3是图1中A处的局部放大图；
图4是图1中B处的局部放大图；
图5是图1中C处的局部放大图；
图6是固定筒的主视图；
图7是固定筒的左视图。
附图中的标记为：1-机架，2-切割架，3-升降板，4-第一升降气缸，6-第一滚珠丝杠，7-弧形压块，8-第一伺服电机，9-收放线装置，10-摇摆线轮，11-推动装置，12-打磨架，14-第二升降气缸，15-变速驱动装置，16-排气装置，17-打磨轮，18-驱动框，19-第二伺服电机，20-第二滚珠丝杠，21-滑动块，22-连动杆，23-定子，24-转子，25-驱动杆，26-定位板，27-位移传感器，28-控制器，29-显示屏，30-排气板，31-吹气件，32-通气管，33-鼓风机，34-收放线轮，35-力矩电机，36-导向轮，37-排线轮，38-计米器，41-断线传感器，42-推动杆，43-推动气缸，44-固定筒，46-红外发射器，47-检测板，48-红外传感器，49-推动通道，50-漏孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但并不作为对本发明限制的依据。
实施例。一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备，构成如图1至7 所示，包括机架1，机架1上设置有切割架2；切割架2上设置有升降板3，升降板3的顶面上安装有第一升降气缸4；升降板3的两侧均设置有第一滚珠丝杠6；第一滚珠丝杠6上设置有弧形压块7，第一滚珠丝杠6的一端部连接有第一伺服电机8；所述升降板3的两侧均设置有收放线装置9，每个收放线装置9均设置在升降板3与第一滚珠丝杠6之间，两个收放线装置9之间连接有切割线；升降板3底面上安装有摇摆线轮10；摇摆线轮10设置在两个收放线装置9之间，并通过切割线与两个收放线装置9连接；所述切割架2的一侧设置有推动装置11，另一侧设置有打磨架12；打磨架12上安装有第二升降气缸14；第二升降气缸14的一端部连接有变速驱动装置15，变速驱动装置15的一侧连接有排气装置16；变速驱动装置15上连接有打磨轮17。
所述变速驱动装置15包括驱动框18，驱动框18的内侧面上设置有第二伺服电机19；第二伺服电机19上安装有第二滚珠丝杠20，第二滚珠丝杠20上安装有滑动块21；滑动块21的顶面上连接有连动杆22，连动杆22的一端部连接有定子23；定子23内设置有转子24，转子24上安装有驱动杆25；打磨轮17固定安装在驱动杆25上；所述第二滚珠丝杠20的一侧设置有定位板26，定位板26上设置有多个均匀分布的位移传感器27；所述机架1的表面上设置有控制器28，控制器28的一侧设置有显示屏29；所述位移传感器27、第一升降气缸4、第一伺服电机8、推动装置11、第二升降气缸14、排气装置16、显示屏29和第二伺服电机19均与控制器28电性连接；所述排气装置16包括位于驱动框18底面上的排气板30，排气板30的底面上设置有多个均匀分布的吹气件31；排气板30内设置有通气管32，每个吹气件31均与通气管32连通；通气管32的一端部连接有鼓风机33，鼓风机33安装在打磨架12上；所述收放线装置9包括收放 线轮34，收放线轮34上安装有力矩电机35；收放线轮34的一侧设置有导向轮36，导向轮36与收放线轮34之间设置有排线轮37；排线轮37上设置有计米器38，排线轮37与导向轮36之间设置有断线传感器41；所述弧形压块7设置在断线传感器41与导向轮36之间；所述断线传感器41和计米器38与力矩电机35电性连接；所述推动装置11包括推动杆42，推动杆42的一端部设置有推动气缸43；推动杆42的另一端部连接有固定筒44，固定筒44的外表面上设置有多个均匀分布的红外发射器46；所述推动杆42的一侧设置有检测板47，检测板47上靠近切割架2一端部的侧面上设有红外传感器48，红外传感器48与推动气缸43电性连接；所述机架1的表面上设有推动通道49，推动通道49的底面上设有多个均匀分布的漏孔50；推动通道49的侧壁上对应切割架2和打磨架12的位置处均设有通槽；所述推动装置11的中心线与推动通道49中心线重合；所述机架1上对应推动通道49的位置处设有集尘框。
工作原理：本发明所用的控制器28采用FX2C-20MRD、Cortex-R8、或Cortex-M7等型号的可编程控制器；所用的位移传感器27采用LD620-5、LDI-G19-100-A210S或LDI-G19-075-A220S等型号；所用断线传感器41采用HDX-NB-1919A、U17-NO或HDX-NB-1719U等型号；所用的红外传感器48采用PIS209、LHI878或SE2470等型号。
在进行工作时，先将需要进行切割的水晶胚料放置在推动通道49上，然后将整台设备连接上外部电源，使得控制器28、位移传感器27、计米器38、断线传感器41、红外发射器46、红外传感器48和显示屏29同时通电启动；然后通过显示屏29输入需要切割的水晶胚料的长度；通过显示屏29输入的数据会通过电信号传递给控制器28，这时控制器28就会根据接受到的数据进行记录并余红外传感器48发送过来的数据进行比较；接着控制器28会先控制推动气缸43 启动，推动气缸43启动后会带动固定筒44往切割架2方向移动，固定筒44移动又会带动水晶胚料一起移动，从而使得固定筒44能够带动水晶胚料移动到切割架2的正下方；随着固定筒44的移动，固定筒44上的红外发射器46也会一起移动，当红外传感器48接受到红外发射器46发送过来的红外线后就会进行距离计算，并发送给控制器28，当红外传感器48发送给控制器28的数据与内部存储的数据相同时，这时控制器28就会控制推动气缸43暂停，此时切割架2下方的水晶胚料的长度就是需要切割下来的长度。
当推动气缸43暂停后，控制器28就会控制第一升降气缸4、力矩电机35和第一伺服电机8启动，第一升降气缸4启动后会带动升降板3往推动通道49方向移动，升降板3移动又会带动摇摆线轮10一起往推动通道49方向移动，使得摇摆线轮10能够将切割线固定在水晶胚料与摇摆线轮10之间；而力矩电机35启动后会带动收放线轮34转动，收放线轮34转动后会带动切割线进行循环移动，切割线移动又会在导向轮36和排线轮37的作用下进行移动，从而使得摇摆线轮10能够在切割线的移动作用下进行往复式摆动，这时随着摇摆线轮10的摆动，以及第一升降气缸4通过摇摆线轮10对水晶胚料的压力，使得切割线能够以最小的接触面积用最大的压力对水晶胚料进行快速稳定的切割；同时第一伺服电机8正向启动后会带动第一滚珠丝杠6转动，第一滚珠丝杠6转动会带动弧形压块7往推动通道49方向移动，利用弧形压块7能够对切割线的张力进行调整，避免切割线张力过大或者过小，影响切割效率；整个切割的过程中计米器38会对切割线移动的路径进行计量，并将检测到的数据发送给控制器28，从而使得控制器28能够及时的对力矩电机35的通电方向进行改变，从而使得切割线能够在两个收放线轮34之间进行来回的收线放线；同时断线传感器41会对切割线进行检测，当切割线断开时，断线传 感器41就会立刻发送电信号给控制器28，使得控制器28能够及时的控制整个切割装置停止，防止空转对设备造成损害；切割过程中产生的灰尘会通过推动通道49上的漏孔50聚集在机架1上。
当切割完成后，控制器28会先控制第一升降气缸4、力矩电机35和第一伺服电机8关闭，然后再次控制推动气缸43启动，推动气缸43启动后又会带动固定筒44往切割架2方向移动，固定筒44移动又会带动水晶胚料一起移动，从而使得后面的水晶胚料移动到切割架2的下方，而切割下来的前水晶段能够顺着推动通道49移动到打磨架12的正下方；当前水晶段被移动到打磨架12的正下方时，控制器28就会控制第二升降气缸14、变速驱动装置15和鼓风机33启动；第二升降气缸14启动后会带动打磨壳13往推动通道49方向移动，打磨壳13移动又会带动打磨轮17一起移动，使得打磨轮17能够与前水晶段的切割面接触；而变速驱动装置15启动后(即外部的电源给定子23通电)，定子23通电后能够产生一定的磁场，这时位于磁场内的转子24内就会产生感应电流并使得转子24在磁场内转动，转子24转动又会带动驱动杆25转动，从而使得驱动杆25转动带动打磨轮17转动，完成对前水晶段切割面的打磨工作；而鼓风机33启动后会往通气管32内通入高速气流，该高速气流会通过吹气件31对正在打磨的工作面、变速驱动装置15和打磨轮17进行吹气冷却，并将打磨产生的灰尘快速的吹向漏孔50，完成清理；当需要对打磨轮17的转速进行调整时，只需要启动第二伺服电机19，第二伺服电机19启动后会带动第二滚珠丝杠20转动，第二滚珠丝杠20转动后就会带动滑动块21移动，滑动块21移动又会带动连动杆22移动，从而使得连动杆22带动定子23移动，定子23移动后，定子23与转子24之间能够形成一定的相对位移，这时定子23产生的磁场传递给转子24磁场力减小，使得转子24内部的感应电流减小进而使得转子24 的转速减小，从而使得驱动杆25转速减小，进而实现打磨轮17转速变换的目的，可实现精磨和粗磨两种工作，扩大了适用范围；同时位移传感器27会对滑动块21移动的距离进行检测，并发送给控制器28，控制器28根据位移传感器27发送过来的数据利用计算公式进行计算，将距离转换成转速值，并通过显示屏显示出来，从而方便了使用；打磨完成后，控制器28就会控制第二升降气缸14、变速驱动装置15和鼓风机33关闭，完成整体工作。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备，其特征在于：包括机架(1)，机架(1)上设置有切割架(2)；切割架(2)上设置有升降板(3)，升降板(3)的顶面上安装有第一升降气缸(4)；升降板(3)的两侧均设置有第一滚珠丝杠(6)；第一滚珠丝杠(6)上设置有弧形压块(7)，第一滚珠丝杠(6)的一端部连接有第一伺服电机(8)；所述升降板(3)的两侧均设置有收放线装置(9)，每个收放线装置(9)均设置在升降板(3)与第一滚珠丝杠(6)之间，两个收放线装置(9)之间连接有切割线；升降板(3)底面上安装有摇摆线轮(10)；摇摆线轮(10)设置在两个收放线装置(9)之间，并通过切割线与两个收放线装置(9)连接；所述切割架(2)的一侧设置有推动装置(11)，另一侧设置有打磨架(12)；打磨架(12)上安装有第二升降气缸(14)；第二升降气缸(14)的一端部连接有变速驱动装置(15)，变速驱动装置(15)的一侧连接有排气装置(16)；变速驱动装置(15)上连接有打磨轮(17)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备，其特征在于：所述变速驱动装置(15)包括驱动框(18)，驱动框(18)的内侧面上设置有第二伺服电机(19)；第二伺服电机(19)上安装有第二滚珠丝杠(20)，第二滚珠丝杠(20)上安装有滑动块(21)；滑动块(21)的顶面上连接有连动杆(22)，连动杆(22)的一端部连接有定子(23)；定子(23)内设置有转子(24)，转子(24)上安装有驱动杆(25)；打磨轮(17)固定安装在驱动杆(25)上；所述第二滚珠丝杠(20)的一侧设置有定位板(26)，定位板(26)上设置有多个均匀分布的位移传感器(27)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备， 其特征在于：所述机架(1)的表面上设置有控制器(28)，控制器(28)的一侧设置有显示屏(29)；所述位移传感器(27)、第一升降气缸(4)、第一伺服电机(8)、推动装置(11)、第二升降气缸(14)、排气装置(16)、显示屏(29)和第二伺服电机(19)均与控制器(28)电性连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备，其特征在于：所述排气装置(16)包括位于驱动框(18)底面上的排气板(30)，排气板(30)的底面上设置有多个均匀分布的吹气件(31)；排气板(30)内设置有通气管(32)，每个吹气件(31)均与通气管(32)连通；通气管(32)的一端部连接有鼓风机(33)，鼓风机(33)安装在打磨架(12)上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备，其特征在于：所述收放线装置(9)包括收放线轮(34)，收放线轮(34)上安装有力矩电机(35)；收放线轮(34)的一侧设置有导向轮(36)，导向轮(36)与收放线轮(34)之间设置有排线轮(37)；排线轮(37)上设置有计米器(38)，排线轮(37)与导向轮(36)之间设置有断线传感器(41)；所述弧形压块(7)设置在断线传感器(41)与导向轮(36)之间；所述断线传感器(41)和计米器(38)与力矩电机(35)电性连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备，其特征在于：所述推动装置(11)包括推动杆(42)，推动杆(42)的一端部设置有推动气缸(43)；推动杆(42)的另一端部连接有固定筒(44)，固定筒(44)的外表面上设置有多个均匀分布的红外发射器(46)；所述推动杆(42)的一侧设置有检测板(47)，检测板(47)上靠近切割架(2)一端部的侧面上设有红外传感器(48)，红外传感器(48)与推动气缸(43)电性连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备，其特征在于：所述机架(1)的表面上设有推动通道(49)，推动通道(49)的底面上设有多个均匀分布的漏孔(50)；推动通道(49)的侧壁上对应切割架(2)和打磨架(12)的位置处均设有通槽；所述推动装置(11)的中心线与推动通道(49)中心线重合。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种水晶加工用切割打磨一体设备，其特征在于：所述机架(1)上对应推动通道(49)的位置处设有集尘框。
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