WO2021181834A1 - Appareil de travail des métaux et procédé de travail des métaux - Google Patents

Appareil de travail des métaux et procédé de travail des métaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021181834A1
WO2021181834A1 PCT/JP2020/048983 JP2020048983W WO2021181834A1 WO 2021181834 A1 WO2021181834 A1 WO 2021181834A1 JP 2020048983 W JP2020048983 W JP 2020048983W WO 2021181834 A1 WO2021181834 A1 WO 2021181834A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
opening
tool
tapping
metal processing
punching
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2020/048983
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
飯塚　弘明
Original Assignee
株式会社エイチワン
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社エイチワン filed Critical 株式会社エイチワン
Priority to CN202080098362.2A priority Critical patent/CN115279508A/zh
Priority to MX2022011033A priority patent/MX2022011033A/es
Priority to US17/802,705 priority patent/US20230147754A1/en
Priority to KR1020227031014A priority patent/KR20220134645A/ko
Publication of WO2021181834A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021181834A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/02—Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
    • B21D28/16—Shoulder or burr prevention, e.g. fine-blanking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
    • B21D28/34—Perforating tools; Die holders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal processing apparatus and a metal processing method.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a metal processing apparatus and a metal processing method capable of reducing sagging and material pull-in.
  • the present invention includes a forging tool for processing and hardening a planned opening portion of a work piece by forging, and a punching tool for punching and forming an opening at a planned opening portion.
  • the punching tool has an insertion portion having the same diameter as the opening and a shoulder portion that is connected to the insertion portion and expands in diameter from the insertion portion toward the base end side of the punching tool, and the opening is punched. At that time, the punching tool is inserted to a position where the shoulder portion abuts from the inner side surface with respect to the work-hardened portion remaining on the inner peripheral edge of the opening.
  • a metal processing apparatus and a metal processing method capable of reducing sagging and material pull-in are provided.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part for explaining a punching process using a punching tool in the embodiment. In the embodiment, it is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main part explaining the tapping process using a tapping tool.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of a metal plate showing a state in which an opening is processed flat in the embodiment. In the embodiment, it is a plan view of a metal plate in which a plurality of openings are arranged adjacent to each other.
  • FIG. 1 it is a cross-sectional view of a metal plate at a position along the VI-VI line in FIG. A comparative example is shown, and it is sectional drawing of the metal plate at the position corresponding to FIG.
  • It is a side view of the main part which shows an example of a punching tool.
  • It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part which shows the modification of the forging tool of embodiment, and shows the state of work hardening of a metal plate by forging using the forging tool of a flat end face.
  • It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows the state of using the forging tool which the chamfered inclined surface is formed on the outer peripheral edge of a flat end face.
  • the metal processing apparatus 1 fixes the plate material 2 as a work piece by a clamp jig (not shown). In this state, a forging step of hitting and forging the planned opening portion 5 to work harden, a punching step of punching and forming an opening 3 in the forged planned opening portion 5 of the plate material 2, and a punched opening.
  • the tapping step of tapping the fine protrusions 6 generated around the portion 3 with a tapping tool to level them is sequentially performed.
  • the metal processing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment passes through a plurality of openings 3 in the out-of-plane direction of the thin plate-shaped plate material 2 as shown in FIG. 5 through each step.
  • the plate material 2 becomes a plate-shaped product 4 in which a total of 12 openings 3 of 3 ⁇ 4 are formed at equal intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions and in a square shape (see FIG. 5).
  • the relationship between the hole diameter of the opening 3 and the plate thickness and the pitch is set so that the hole diameter is smaller than the plate thickness and the pitch is three times or less the hole diameter.
  • the case where one opening 3 is formed in the plate material 2 is mainly illustrated. The description of the other opening 3 formed in the same manner as this will be omitted.
  • the metal processing apparatus 1 is provided with a clamp jig and a slide moving body (not shown) for horizontally placing and fixing the plate material 2.
  • the slide moving body moves the forging tool 10 along the slide direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1) with the forging tool 10 attached.
  • the forging tool 10 is provided with a pressing portion 11 at the lower end portion and a flat portion 12 located on the peripheral edge of the pressing portion 11.
  • the pressing portion 11 of the present embodiment has a tapered conical shape and has a convex tip 11a so as to be the lowermost on the central axis S in the radial direction.
  • the pressing portion 11 faces the tip 11a of the plate material 2 horizontally fixed by the clamp jig by being attached to the sliding moving body to the planned opening portion 5 which becomes the opening 3 in the completed state as the plate-shaped product 4. I'm letting you. Then, when the slide moving body is moved downward in the slide direction, the pressing portion 11 of the forging tool 10 brings the conical tip 11a into contact with a part 2a of the upper surface of the plate material 2 to open the planned opening portion 5 from above. Press.
  • the pressing portion 11 formed in a tapered conical shape pushes the metal material of the planned opening portion 5 from the center in the radial direction toward the outer diameter.
  • the displaced portion 2b has an increased density as compared with the other portions of the plate material 2 and is work-hardened (base metal hardening).
  • the diameter dimension c2 of the work-hardened portion at the peripheral edge of the planned opening portion 5 is larger than the diameter dimension c1 of the pressing portion 11 (c1 ⁇ c2).
  • annular flat portion 12 is provided around the pressing portion 11 of the present embodiment.
  • the flat portion 12 is provided in parallel with the plate material 2 mounted on the clamp jig. Then, when the plate material 2 is forged by the pressing portion 11, the flat portion 12 comes into contact with the peripheral edge of the planned opening portion 5 from above. The flat portion 12 abuts on the peripheral edge of the planned opening portion 5 and faces the clamp jig that supports the flat portion 12.
  • the plate material 2 is pressed from above in the out-of-plane direction to below. As a result, the metal material on the periphery of the planned opening portion 5 is hindered from moving upward in the out-of-plane direction, and work hardening is promoted.
  • the shoulder portion 26 It integrally has a shoulder portion 26 that is continuously provided above the direction).
  • the inclination angle ⁇ 2 of the shoulder portion 26 is smaller than the inclination angle ⁇ 1 of the pressing portion 11 shown in FIG. 1 ( ⁇ 1> ⁇ 2).
  • a curved surface 28 is formed on the shoulder portion 26 of the present embodiment.
  • the curved surface 28 is formed so as to increase in diameter outward from the insertion portion 22 toward the base end portion 24.
  • the diameter expansion ratio of the curved surface 28 becomes the minimum on the connecting portion side with the inserting portion 22, and is flush with the side surface of the inserting portion 22. Further, the diameter expansion ratio of the curved surface 28 is maximum on the connecting portion side with the proximal end portion 24 side.
  • the punching tool 20 abuts the insertion portion 22 against the work-hardened portion of the planned opening portion 5, and punches and forms the opening portion 3. At this time, it is preferable that the opening 3 is within the work-hardened range of the planned opening portion 5.
  • the insertion portion 22 of the punching tool 20 punches the plate material 2 toward the lower surface side, leaving a metal material whose density has increased and work-hardened due to insertion in the slide direction.
  • the shoulder portion 26 of the punching tool 20 comes into contact with the inner side surface 16 of the opening of the opening 3, the metal material on the peripheral edge is expanded in the diameter-expanding direction and tries to be extruded above the opening 3.
  • the metal material on the peripheral edge that is dragged by the punching tool 20 and tends to move downward in the sliding direction stays in place and is suppressed so that sagging or material pulling does not occur on the peripheral edge of the opening 3.
  • the metal processing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes a tapping tool 30 used in the tapping process.
  • the tapping tool 30 slides in the vertical direction together with the sliding moving body and taps the fine protrusions 6 generated around the opening 3 from above to make it flat.
  • a fine protrusion 6 protruding upward may occur on the peripheral edge of the opening 3 as shown in FIG. 2 depending on the insertion amount of the shoulder portion 26.
  • the tapping tool 30 has a flat tapping surface 32 on the lower surface side facing the plate member 2.
  • the tapping surface 32 is provided parallel to the upper surface 2c of the plate material 2 fixed to the clamp jig, and evenly taps the fine protrusions 6 generated around the opening 3 due to the downward sliding movement of the sliding moving body. Can be leveled.
  • the punching tool 20 is pulled out from the opening 3.
  • the fine protrusions 6 generated around the opening 3 are struck from above by the tapping tool 30 and crushed to the same height as the upper surface 2c to become flat (see FIG. 4).
  • a total of 12 openings 3 of 3 ⁇ 4 are formed in the plate-shaped product 4 at equal intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions and in a square shape.
  • the amount of insertion of the punching tool 20 into the opening 3 is adjusted by controlling the amount of movement of each slide moving body in the slide direction. Therefore, it is preferable that the equipment can finely adjust the insertion dimension of the shoulder portion 26. Further, it is desirable that the position accuracy of the metal processing apparatus in the slide direction is ⁇ 1/100 to 1/1000 mm. As a result, the pressing force of the shoulder portion 26 that abuts on the inner surface 16 of the peripheral edge of the opening 3 can be adjusted, and the generation of the fine protrusion 6 can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 7 shows a comparative example in which a metal plate material that has not been work-hardened is processed by using a normal punching tool having a straight insertion portion and no shoulder portion 26.
  • sagging occurs on the peripheral edges of the openings 3a to 3c.
  • the size of such sagging (hereinafter, also referred to as sagging amount d1, d2 ”) Is further increased in the portion where the plurality of openings 3 are formed (for example, d1 ⁇ d2).
  • the sagging amount d1 is about 0.1 mm
  • d2 is about 0.15 mm.
  • the sagging amounts d1, d2 ... Formed on the peripheral edges of the openings 3a to 3c are stacked toward the intermediate position.
  • a material is drawn in that sinks downward by a predetermined dimension H from the surrounding upper surface 2c.
  • the predetermined dimension H is about 0.05 mm.
  • a forging tool 10 is used to forge the planned opening portion 5 of the plate material 2 for work hardening.
  • the forging tool 10 is attached to the slide moving body.
  • the tip 11a of the forging tool 10 has a tapered conical shape and is projected on the central axis S at the center in the radial direction, and is arranged directly above the central portion of the planned opening portion 5.
  • the pressing portion 11 moves downward so as to approach the horizontally fixed plate material 2. Then, the tip 11a is brought into contact with the center of the planned opening portion 5 of the plate material 2.
  • the pressing portion 11 of the forging tool 10 pushes away the metal material from the radial center to the outer radial direction with which the tip 11a abuts.
  • the displaced portion 2b has an increased density as compared with the other portions of the plate material 2 and is work-hardened (base metal hardening).
  • the pressing portion 11 of the present embodiment has a conical tip 11a convex, the metal material pressed evenly in any direction from the central axis S in the outer diameter direction is pushed away. Moreover, the conical pressing portion 11 of the forging tool 10 of the present embodiment is tapered. Therefore, at the planned opening portion 5, when the metal material is evenly pushed away, the metal material is compressed toward the lower side of the pressing portion 11. In addition, since many metal materials are evenly pushed away around the outer diameter direction, the occurrence of cracks and the like is suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a work-hardened planned opening portion 5 having a radial dimension c2 larger than the outer diameter dimension c1 of the pressing portion 11.
  • the clamp jig for fixing the plate material 2 may have a concave portion with the upper surface side recessed. It is more preferable that the recess is formed so as to coincide with the central axis S.
  • the flat portion 12 suppresses the metal material at the periphery of the planned opening portion 5 so as not to escape upward in the out-of-plane direction. Therefore, it is more compressed and work hardening efficiency is good.
  • the insertion portion 22 of the punching tool 20 is inserted into the work-hardened portion of the planned opening portion 5, and the opening portion 3 is punched and formed.
  • the punching tool 20 brings the shoulder portion 26 into contact with the work-hardened portion remaining on the inner peripheral edge of the opening 3 from the inner side surface 16.
  • the tapping tool 30 is used to tap the fine protrusions 6 protruding from the periphery of the opening 3 to form a flat surface flush with the upper surface 2c as shown in FIG. can do.
  • a plate-shaped product 4 having appearance quality can be obtained.
  • the curved surface 28 of the shoulder portion 26 increases the diameter expansion ratio (r / h) from the insertion portion 22 on the distal end side toward the proximal end portion 24 on the proximal end side. That is, the diameter expansion ratio can be set small in the vicinity of the insertion portion 22 on the tip side. Therefore, the force with which the shoulder portion 26 presses the inner side surface 16 does not change suddenly even if the metal processing apparatus 1 does not have a highly accurate position accuracy in the slide direction. Therefore, a metal processing device having a low position accuracy in the slide direction of the slide moving body, for example, a metal processing device having a position accuracy in the slide direction of about 1/10 mm can be used, and an increase in manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
  • the processing amount of the opening 3 fluctuates due to the positional deviation in the slide direction. Less is.
  • the diameter expansion ratio on the base end portion 24 side of the shoulder portion 26 can be set to be larger than that on the insertion portion 22 side. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of change in the cross-sectional area in the direction orthogonal to the central axis at the portion where the shoulder portion 26 is connected to the proximal end portion 24 so that the portion serving as the starting point of bending is not provided. .. Therefore, the punching tool 20 can improve the support rigidity of the insertion portion 22, and can easily process the fine opening 3.
  • the tapping tool 30 abuts a flat tapping surface 32 and taps the fine protrusions 6 generated around the opening 3 to make it flat. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the circumference of the opening 3 may be flush with the other upper surface 2c of the plate material 2, even if the position accuracy of the slide moving body in the slide direction is not high. can. Therefore, the plate-shaped product 4 having a desired appearance quality can be obtained by reducing sagging and material pull-in.
  • FIG. 9A-9C show a modified example of the forging tool of the embodiment.
  • the same or equal parts as those of the metal processing apparatus and the metal processing method of the embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 9A shows a modified example of the forging tool 40.
  • the forging tool 40 has a flat end surface 41 as a pressing surface. Then, the forging tool 40 forges the plate material 2 and works and hardens it. Due to work hardening, the planned opening portion 5 has a larger area than that of the embodiment, and can be pushed away from the center in the radial direction toward the outer diameter to improve the density.
  • Other configurations and effects are the same as or equivalent to those of the metal processing apparatus and the metal processing method of the embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.
  • the plate material 2 is forged by using a forging tool 50, which has a conical pressing surface 51 having a tapered tip and no flat portion around the pressing surface 51 (see the flat portion 12 in FIG. 1). Work harden.
  • the forging tool 50 configured in this way, the planned opening portion 5 is pushed away from the center in the radial direction toward the outer diameter direction, and the density can be improved.
  • Other configurations and effects are the same as or equivalent to those of the metal processing apparatus and the metal processing method of the embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.
  • the plate material 2 is work-hardened by forging using a forging tool 60 in which a chamfered inclined surface 62 is formed on the outer peripheral edge of the flat end surface of the flat end surface 61.
  • a forging tool 60 configured in this way, particularly the outer peripheral edge portion of the planned opening portion 5 can be pushed away from the center in the radial direction toward the outer diameter direction to improve the density.
  • Other configurations and effects are the same as or equivalent to those of the metal processing apparatus and the metal processing method of the embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.
  • a forging step in which the planned opening portion 5 of the plate material 2 is work-hardened by forging, and the plate material 2 is forged.
  • a punching step (see FIG. 2) is provided in which the opening 3 is punched and formed in the planned opening portion 5. Therefore, the planned opening portion 5 that has been work-hardened in the forging step is punched in the punching step to form the opening 3.
  • the metal material at the periphery of the opening 3 is pushed away from the center in the radial direction toward the outer diameter to improve the density. Therefore, it is possible to reduce sagging and material pull-in at the peripheral edge of the opening 3.
  • the fine protrusions 6 generated around the punched opening 3 are tapped and leveled by the tapping tool 30. Therefore, even if the fine protrusion 6 occurs in the punching process, such as when the accuracy of the movement amount of the punching tool 20 in the slide direction is not good, the fine protrusion 6 is hit in the tapping process. Can be flush with the other top surface 2c. As described above, in the metal processing apparatus and the metal processing method of the present embodiment, sagging and material pull-in can be reduced, and the appearance quality of the plate-shaped product 4 can be improved.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible.
  • the above-described embodiments are exemplified for the purpose of explaining the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, it is possible to replace a part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment, and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to delete a part of the configuration of each embodiment, or add / replace another configuration. Possible modifications to the above embodiment are, for example, as follows.
  • modification examples of the three types of forging tools are listed, but the forging tool, the punching tool, and the tapping tool are not limited to those of the present embodiment.
  • the tip may have a hemispherical shape, and the shape, quantity, and material of the forging tool, punching tool, and tapping tool are not particularly limited as long as the planned opening portion is work-hardened by forging. No.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Selon la présente invention, une partie de pression (11) qui se présente sous forme conique effilée expulse un matériau métallique dans une portion (5) qui formera une ouverture, du centre en direction radiale vers la direction radialement externe. Une portion expulsée (2b) présente une densité accrue par rapport aux autres portions d'un matériau de plaque (2), et subit un écrouissage (durcissement de base). En périphérie de la portion (5) qui formera une ouverture, le diamètre (c2) de la portion écrouie est supérieur au diamètre (c1) de la partie de pression (11) (c1 < c2).
PCT/JP2020/048983 2020-03-11 2020-12-25 Appareil de travail des métaux et procédé de travail des métaux WO2021181834A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202080098362.2A CN115279508A (zh) 2020-03-11 2020-12-25 金属加工装置及金属加工方法
MX2022011033A MX2022011033A (es) 2020-03-11 2020-12-25 Aparato para el trabajo de metales y metodo para el trabajo de metales.
US17/802,705 US20230147754A1 (en) 2020-03-11 2020-12-25 Metalworking apparatus and metalworking method
KR1020227031014A KR20220134645A (ko) 2020-03-11 2020-12-25 금속 가공 장치 및 금속 가공 방법

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2020042251A JP7463139B2 (ja) 2020-03-11 2020-03-11 金属加工装置および金属加工方法
JP2020-042251 2020-03-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021181834A1 true WO2021181834A1 (fr) 2021-09-16

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PCT/JP2020/048983 WO2021181834A1 (fr) 2020-03-11 2020-12-25 Appareil de travail des métaux et procédé de travail des métaux

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US (1) US20230147754A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7463139B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20220134645A (fr)
CN (1) CN115279508A (fr)
MX (1) MX2022011033A (fr)
WO (1) WO2021181834A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023189705A1 (fr) * 2022-03-30 2023-10-05 日本発條株式会社 Procédé de fabrication de stabilisateur et matériau de base
WO2023189706A1 (fr) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-05 日本発條株式会社 Procédé de fabrication d'un stabilisateur, et matériau de base

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52120252A (en) * 1976-04-02 1977-10-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd Method and device for forging thin plate member
JPS5330459A (en) * 1976-09-01 1978-03-22 Kobe Steel Ltd Pre up set tool
JP2007137039A (ja) * 2005-11-23 2007-06-07 Aida Eng Ltd ノズルプレート、その製造に用いるパンチおよび製造方法
EP3542950A1 (fr) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-25 SILCA S.p.A. Procédé amélioré pour l'usinage d'une clé

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002120025A (ja) 2000-10-18 2002-04-23 Saitama Press Tanzo Kk アルミニウム鍛造品の穴打抜き装置
JP2003126927A (ja) 2001-10-16 2003-05-08 Mutsuo Mizushiro プレス金型、パンチ、ダイ及びプレス加工方法
JP2003230932A (ja) 2002-02-14 2003-08-19 Musashi Seimitsu Ind Co Ltd 鍛造品の打ち抜き方法及びその装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52120252A (en) * 1976-04-02 1977-10-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd Method and device for forging thin plate member
JPS5330459A (en) * 1976-09-01 1978-03-22 Kobe Steel Ltd Pre up set tool
JP2007137039A (ja) * 2005-11-23 2007-06-07 Aida Eng Ltd ノズルプレート、その製造に用いるパンチおよび製造方法
EP3542950A1 (fr) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-25 SILCA S.p.A. Procédé amélioré pour l'usinage d'une clé

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023189705A1 (fr) * 2022-03-30 2023-10-05 日本発條株式会社 Procédé de fabrication de stabilisateur et matériau de base
WO2023189706A1 (fr) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-05 日本発條株式会社 Procédé de fabrication d'un stabilisateur, et matériau de base

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JP2021142538A (ja) 2021-09-24
CN115279508A (zh) 2022-11-01
JP7463139B2 (ja) 2024-04-08
US20230147754A1 (en) 2023-05-11
KR20220134645A (ko) 2022-10-05
MX2022011033A (es) 2022-10-13

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