WO2021177308A1 - 視角制御システムおよび画像表示装置 - Google Patents

視角制御システムおよび画像表示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021177308A1
WO2021177308A1 PCT/JP2021/007967 JP2021007967W WO2021177308A1 WO 2021177308 A1 WO2021177308 A1 WO 2021177308A1 JP 2021007967 W JP2021007967 W JP 2021007967W WO 2021177308 A1 WO2021177308 A1 WO 2021177308A1
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Prior art keywords
plate
polarizer
angle control
control system
layer
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PCT/JP2021/007967
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
直良 山田
史岳 三戸部
晋也 渡邉
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富士フイルム株式会社
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Priority to CN202180018966.6A priority Critical patent/CN115210616B/zh
Priority to JP2022504403A priority patent/JP7377947B2/ja
Publication of WO2021177308A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021177308A1/ja
Priority to US17/901,462 priority patent/US20230037017A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
    • G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/281—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for attenuating light intensity, e.g. comprising rotatable polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a viewing angle control polarizing plate having a polarizer having an absorption axis at an angle of 45 ° or more with respect to the in-plane direction and a retardation layer having an in-plane retardation Re larger than 60 nm, and a viewing angle control system. ..
  • Image display devices such as liquid crystal displays and organic EL display devices are often used as displays for smartphones, notebook computers, and the like. In recent years, these devices have become thinner and lighter and easier to carry, so that they are often used in transportation such as trains and aircraft, libraries, and public places such as restaurants. Therefore, from the necessity of protecting personal information, confidential information, and the like, a technique for preventing the display contents of the image display device from being peeped by others is required. In recent years, the image display device has also been used as an in-vehicle display installed in an automobile.
  • a viewing angle control system limits the viewing angle range of the light emitted from the image display device so that the light does not emit in a specific direction.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a viewing angle control system in which light transmitting regions and light absorbing regions are alternately arranged in the plane of a film to limit light emission in an oblique direction with respect to the normal direction of the film. Has been done.
  • Such a viewing angle control system is generally called a louver film.
  • Patent Document 2 includes a laminate of a polarizer having an absorption axis in the in-plane direction of the film and a polarizer having an absorption axis in the range of 0 ° to 45 ° from the normal direction of the film.
  • a viewing angle control system that can limit the emission angle of light by lowering the transmittance in the oblique direction with respect to the normal direction of is disclosed.
  • the louver film described in Patent Document 1 can sufficiently block light emitted in an oblique direction with respect to the normal direction of the film, so that it can prevent peeping into a notebook computer or the like, and the windshield of an in-vehicle display and the like. It is generally used for the purpose of preventing reflection on the side glass and the like.
  • the louver film since the light transmitting region and the light absorbing region are alternately laminated at a pitch of about several tens of ⁇ m, their periodic structure interferes with the pixels of the image display device, and a striped pattern called moire is generated. Sometimes. In particular, in recent years, image display devices have high-definition pixels, so that the problem of moire is becoming more prominent.
  • the louver film generally has a base material layer made of a polycarbonate film or the like and has a thickness of 300 ⁇ m or more, it is not easy to bend the louver film.
  • some image display devices used as in-vehicle displays and the like have a curved display surface, and it is difficult to apply a louver film to these image display devices.
  • the viewing angle control system described in Patent Document 2 does not have a periodic structure that interferes with the pixels of the image display device, it can be used without the occurrence of moire. Further, in the viewing angle control system described in Patent Document 2, the polarizer has a thickness of several to several tens of ⁇ m, and the entire thickness can be reduced even if other base material layers are included, so that the curved surface can be easily formed. It can be made to follow.
  • the viewing angle control system described in Patent Document 2 cannot sufficiently reduce the transmittance in a direction oblique to the normal direction of the film, and emits light obliquely. Since the light is not sufficiently shielded from light, the light shielding performance is insufficient for the purpose of preventing peeping into a notebook computer or the like and preventing reflection on the front glass and side glass of an in-vehicle display.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and even when used in combination with a high-definition image display device, moire does not occur, a curved surface can be easily followed, and a film method is used. It is an object of the present invention to provide a viewing angle control system capable of sufficiently blocking light emitted in an oblique direction from a linear direction, and an image display device.
  • a viewing angle control system having at least a first polarizer, a retardation layer, and a second polarizer in this order.
  • the absorption axis of the first polarizer described above forms an angle of 45 ° or more with respect to the surface.
  • the above-mentioned retardation layer satisfies the following equation (1) and the following equation (2).
  • the in-plane retardation Re of the retardation layer is 80 nm ⁇ Re ⁇ 250 nm.
  • Rth is the retardation in the thickness direction of the retardation layer.
  • ⁇ 3> The viewing angle control system according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the retardation layer is a B plate having an Nz coefficient greater than 1.5.
  • ⁇ 4> The viewing angle control system according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the retardation layer is a B plate having an Nz coefficient smaller than ⁇ 0.5.
  • the aforementioned retardation layer comprises at least a positive A plate and a positive C plate, and the aforementioned positive A plate is placed on the side of the aforementioned first polarizer.
  • the aforementioned retardation layer comprises at least a negative A plate and a negative C plate, and the aforementioned negative A plate is placed on the side of the aforementioned first polarizer. Described viewing angle control system.
  • the above-mentioned retardation layer is a B plate having an Nz coefficient greater than 1.5, and the angle formed by the slow-phase axis of the above-mentioned B plate and the absorption axis of the above-mentioned second polarizer is 10 ° or less.
  • the above-mentioned retardation layer is a B plate having an Nz coefficient smaller than ⁇ 0.5, and the angle formed by the slow-phase axis of the above-mentioned B plate and the absorption axis of the above-mentioned second polarizer is 80 °.
  • the above-mentioned retardation layer includes at least a positive A plate and a positive C plate, the above-mentioned positive A plate is installed on the side of the above-mentioned first polarizer, and the above-mentioned positive A plate is delayed.
  • the viewing angle control system according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the angle formed by the phase axis and the absorption axis of the second polarizer described above is 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less.
  • the above-mentioned retardation layer includes at least a negative A plate and a negative C plate, the above-mentioned negative A plate is installed on the side of the above-mentioned first polarizer, and the above-mentioned negative A plate is delayed.
  • the viewing angle control system according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the angle formed by the phase axis and the absorption axis of the second polarizer described above is 10 ° or less.
  • the above-mentioned retardation layer includes at least a B plate and a positive C plate, the above-mentioned B plate is installed on the side of the above-mentioned first polarizer, and the slow axis of the above-mentioned B plate and the above-mentioned
  • the above-mentioned retardation layer includes at least a B plate and a negative C plate, the above-mentioned B plate is installed on the side of the above-mentioned first polarizer, and the slow axis of the above-mentioned B plate and the above-mentioned
  • An image display device including the viewing angle control system according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 14>.
  • moire does not occur even when used in combination with a high-definition image display device, the curved surface can be easily followed, and the direction is oblique from the normal direction of the film. It is possible to provide a viewing angle control system capable of sufficiently blocking the emitted light and an image display device.
  • FIG. 9A It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the visual angle control system of this invention. It is a Poincare sphere showing a change in the polarization state in the viewing angle control system shown in FIG. 10A. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the visual angle control system of this invention. It is a Poincare sphere showing a change in the polarization state in the viewing angle control system shown in FIG. 11A. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the visual angle control system of this invention. It is a Poincare sphere showing a change in the polarization state in the viewing angle control system shown in FIG. 12A. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the visual angle control system of this invention.
  • the polarizing plate means a polarizing plate in which a protective layer or a functional layer is arranged on at least one surface of the polarizing element, and the polarizing element and the polarizing plate are used separately.
  • parallel and vertical do not mean parallel and vertical in a strict sense, but mean a range of ⁇ 5 ° from parallel or vertical, respectively.
  • the azimuth angle means the angle formed by the azimuth of the absorption axis of the second polarizing element in the film plane.
  • the polar angle means an angle formed by the normal direction of the film.
  • the refractive indexes nx and ny are the refractive indexes in the in-plane direction of the optical member, respectively, where nx is usually the refractive index in the slow axis orientation and ny is the phase advance axis orientation (that is, the slow axis).
  • nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction.
  • the wavelength dependence when measuring the wavelength dependence, it can be measured with a multi-wavelength Abbe refractometer DR-M2 (manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.) in combination with an interference filter.
  • DR-M2 manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.
  • the values in the polymer handbook (JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC) and the catalogs of various optical films can also be used.
  • the slow axis orientation, Re ( ⁇ ), and Rth ( ⁇ ) can be measured using, for example, AxoScan OPMF-1 (manufactured by Optoscience).
  • FIG. 1 shows a viewing angle control system in which a first polarizing element 10 having an absorption axis 11 in the normal direction of the film and a second polarizer 20 having an absorption axis 21 in the in-plane direction of the film are laminated. It is a cross-sectional view of 100.
  • the absorption axis of the first polarizer 10 is 90 ° with respect to the surface of the viewing angle control system 100 (first polarizer 10). As shown in FIG.
  • the absorption axis 11 when the viewing angle control system 100 is visually recognized from the front (that is, in the normal direction of the film), the absorption axis 11 is horizontal to the line-of-sight direction, so that the first polarizer 10 is in the line-of-sight direction. Does not absorb the traveling light.
  • the absorption axis 21 absorbs a linearly polarized light component parallel to the absorption axis 21 and transmits a linearly polarized light component orthogonal to the absorption axis 21. Therefore, the viewing angle control system 100 transmits light.
  • FIG. 1 when the viewing angle control system 100 is visually recognized from the front (that is, in the normal direction of the film), the absorption axis 11 is horizontal to the line-of-sight direction, so that the first polarizer 10 is in the line-of-sight direction. Does not absorb the traveling light.
  • the absorption axis 21 absorbs a linearly polarized light component parallel to the absorption axis 21 and transmits a linearly
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state in which the viewing angle control system 100 is visually recognized in the film plane in the direction of the absorption shaft 21 (azimuth angle 0 °) from an angle oblique to the film normal direction.
  • the absorption shaft 11 and the absorption shaft 21 are represented by a cylinder, and it is considered that they are visually recognized from the front direction of the paper surface.
  • the absorption shaft 11 and the absorption shaft 21 are apparently parallel to each other.
  • the linearly polarized light component parallel to the absorption axis 11 and the absorption axis 21 is absorbed, and the linearly polarized light component orthogonal to the absorption axis 11 and the absorption axis 21 is transmitted.
  • the light traveling in the line-of-sight direction is not absorbed, and the visual angle control system 100 transmits the light.
  • the viewing angle control system 100 when the viewing angle control system 100 is visually recognized in the film plane at an orientation perpendicular to the absorption axis 21 (azimuth angle 90 °) and at an angle oblique to the film normal direction, absorption is performed.
  • the shaft 11 and the absorption shaft 21 are perpendicular to each other. In the light incident from this viewing direction, first, the linearly polarized light component parallel to the absorption axis 11 is absorbed by the first polarizer 10, and the linearly polarized light component orthogonal to the absorption axis 11 is transmitted.
  • the linearly polarized light component that has passed through the first polarizer 10 is incident on the second polarizer 20, but is absorbed by the second polarizer 20 because it is parallel to the absorption axis 21. Therefore, in this case, the light traveling in the line-of-sight direction is absorbed, and the visual angle control system 100 blocks the light.
  • the viewing angle control system 100 can block light traveling diagonally in the film surface in an orientation perpendicular to the absorption axis 21 (azimuth angle 90 °).
  • Patent Document 2 when a medium exists between the first polarizer 10 and the second polarizer 20, the medium has a phase difference so that the polarization state is not substantially converted. There is a statement that it is preferable not to do so. Further, even when the medium has a phase difference, it is preferable that the in-plane retardation Re of the medium and the phase difference Rth in the thickness direction are small, and the Nz coefficient of the medium is preferably close to 1. There is a description.
  • FIG. 5A shows the viewing angle characteristics (azimuth angle and polar angle dependence of brightness) when a louver film generally used as a viewing angle control system is installed in a liquid crystal display device, and the viewing angle characteristic evaluation device EZContrast manufactured by ELDIM. It is a contour figure measured using.
  • FIG. 5B is a contour diagram in which the viewing angle characteristics when the conventional viewing angle control system 100 is installed in the liquid crystal display device are measured. As can be seen from FIGS.
  • the viewing angle control system 100 has a larger value at a high polar angle, for example, at an azimuth angle of 45 ° than that of the louver film, and as a result, near an azimuth angle of 90 °.
  • sufficient shading performance can be exhibited only in a very limited angle range near the azimuth angle of 270 °.
  • FIG. 6 is a view of the viewing angle control system 100 viewed from an azimuth angle of 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 °.
  • the absorption shaft 11 and the absorption shaft 21 are apparently not perpendicular or parallel to each other.
  • the linearly polarized light component parallel to the absorption axis 11 is absorbed by the first polarizer 10, and the linearly polarized light component orthogonal to the absorption axis 11 is transmitted.
  • the linearly polarized light component transmitted through the first polarizer 10 is incident on the second polarizer 20, but since it is not completely parallel to the absorption axis 21, some components are part of the second polarizer 20.
  • the remaining components pass through the second polarizer 20 only by being absorbed by. Therefore, the light traveling in the line-of-sight direction is not completely absorbed, and a part of the light is transmitted. Therefore, the light-shielding performance in this direction becomes insufficient.
  • FIG. 7 shows a Poancare sphere showing the polarization state of transmitted light when light is incident on the viewing angle control system 100 from the side of the second polarizer 20 and is visually recognized from an azimuth angle of 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 °. Shown in.
  • FIG. 7 shows a Poancare sphere showing the polarization state of transmitted light when light is incident on the viewing angle control system 100 from the side of the second polarizer 20 and is visually recognized from an azimuth angle of 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 °. Shown in. In FIG.
  • the point S represents the polarization direction of the light immediately after passing through the second polarizer 20. Further, the point G represents the absorption axis direction of the first polarizer 10. Compensation using the retardation layer means converting the polarization state of the point S to the polarization state of the point G (conceptually indicated by a dashed arrow in FIG. 7).
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • the viewing angle control system 101 shown in FIG. 8 has a viewing angle control polarizing plate 50 having a first polarizing element 10 and a retardation layer 30, and a second polarizing element 20.
  • the viewing angle control polarizing plate 50 is formed by laminating at least a first polarizing element 10 having an absorption axis 11 in the normal direction of the film and a retardation layer 30.
  • the absorption axis 11 of the first polarizer 10 is 90 ° with respect to the surface of the viewing angle control system 100 (first polarizer 10).
  • the retardation layer 30 may be a single-layer optical member, or may be a stack of a plurality of layers (optically anisotropic layers). Further, the in-plane retardation Re of the retardation layer 30 shows the following states depending on the configuration.
  • the visual angle control polarizing plate 50 can be laminated with a second polarizing element 20 having an absorption axis 21 in the in-plane direction of the film to construct the visual angle control system 101 of the present invention. That is, the viewing angle control system 101 of the present invention has at least a retardation layer 30 between the first polarizer 10 and the second polarizer 20. The viewing angle control system 101 appropriately adjusts the optical characteristics of the retardation layer 30, so that the absorption shaft 11 and the absorption shaft 21 are visually recognized from an angle that is neither horizontal nor perpendicular to the absorption shaft 21 in the film surface. The deviation from the vertical is compensated.
  • the absorption shaft 11 is horizontal to the line-of-sight direction, and the first polarizer 10 transmits light regardless of the polarization state of the incident light. Therefore, the visibility from the front is not restricted by the optical characteristics of the retardation layer 30. This increases the degree of freedom in designing the Re, Rth, and optical axis of the retardation layer 30.
  • FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram showing an example of the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • the viewing angle control system 102 has a retardation layer 301 made of a B plate between the first polarizer 10 and the second polarizer 20.
  • the B plate means a biaxial optical member in which the refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz are different values from each other.
  • the Re of the retardation layer 301 is more preferably larger than 80 nm and smaller than 250 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and smaller than 250 nm, and further preferably 100 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
  • the Nz coefficient of the retardation layer 301 is preferably larger than 1.5, more preferably 2.0 or more and 10.0 or less, and further preferably 3.0 or more and 5.0 or less.
  • the Rth of the retardation layer 301 is preferably set so as to have both the above-mentioned preferable ranges of Re and Nz coefficients, and specifically, it is preferably larger than 60 nm.
  • the slow axis 31 of the retardation layer 301 preferably has an azimuth of ⁇ 10 ° or more and 10 ° or less, preferably ⁇ 5 ° or more and 5 ° or less, when the direction of the absorption shaft 21 is 0 °. More preferably, it is 0 ° (ie, parallel to the absorption axis 21).
  • the angle formed by the slow axis 31 of the retardation layer 301, which is the B plate, and the absorption axis 21 of the second polarizer 20 is preferably 10 ° or less, more preferably 5 ° or less, and most preferably 0 °. ..
  • the absorption shaft 11 and the absorption shaft 21 are displaced from the vertical when viewed from an angle in an orientation that is neither horizontal nor perpendicular to the absorption shaft 21 in the film surface. Can be compensated and the transmittance in that direction can be reduced.
  • FIG. 9B shows a Poancare sphere showing a change in the polarization state when the azimuth is changed. It can be seen that the polarization state of the point S is converted to a polarization state close to the point G.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram showing another example of the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • the viewing angle control system 103 has a retardation layer 302 made of a B plate between the first polarizer 10 and the second polarizer 20.
  • the Re of the retardation layer 302 is larger than 80 nm and smaller than 250 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and smaller than 250 nm, and further preferably 100 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
  • the Nz coefficient of the retardation layer 302 is preferably smaller than ⁇ 0.5, more preferably -10.0 or more and ⁇ 1.0 or less, and ⁇ 3.0 or more and ⁇ 2.0 or less. Is even more preferable.
  • the Rth of the retardation layer 302 is preferably set so as to have both the above-mentioned preferable ranges of Re and Nz coefficients, and specifically, it is preferably smaller than -60 nm.
  • the slow axis 31 of the retardation layer 302 preferably has an azimuth of 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less, more preferably 85 ° or more and 95 ° or less, and 90 ° (that is, the absorption axis 21). Vertical) is most preferable.
  • the angle formed by the slow axis 31 of the retardation layer 302, which is the B plate, and the absorption axis 21 of the second polarizer 20 is preferably 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less, and more preferably 85 ° or more and 95 ° or less. , 90 ° is most preferred.
  • the absorption shaft 11 and the absorption shaft 21 are displaced from the vertical when viewed from an angle in an orientation that is neither horizontal nor perpendicular to the absorption shaft 21 in the film surface. Can be compensated and the transmittance in that direction can be reduced.
  • FIG. 10B shows a Poincare sphere showing a change in the polarization state when visually recognized from the above. It can be seen that the polarization state of the point S is converted to a polarization state close to the point G.
  • FIG. 11A is a schematic view showing still another example of the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • the viewing angle control system 104 includes a first polarizer 10, an optically anisotropic layer 401 composed of a positive A plate, an optically anisotropic layer 402 composed of a positive C plate, and a second retardation layer 303.
  • the polarizer 20 is provided in this order. That is, the retardation layer 303 includes a positive A plate and a positive C plate, and the positive A plate is installed on the first polarizer 10 side.
  • the positive A plate refers to an optical member whose refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz satisfy the following formula (5).
  • the positive C plate means an optical member in which the refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz satisfy the following formula (6).
  • the Re of the retardation layer 303 is larger than 80 nm and smaller than 250 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and 200 nm or less, and more preferably 100 nm or more and 150 nm or less. Is more preferable.
  • the Re of the retardation layer 303 is substantially the same as the Re of the optically anisotropic layer 401 which is a positive A plate.
  • the slow axis 31 of the retardation layer 303 is substantially the same as the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer 401, which is a positive A plate.
  • the slow axis 31 of the optically anisotropic layer 401, which is a positive A plate preferably has an azimuth of 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less, more preferably 85 ° or more and 95 ° or less, 90. Most preferably ° (ie, perpendicular to the absorption axis 21).
  • the angle formed by the slow axis 31 of the optically anisotropic layer 401, which is a positive A plate, and the absorption axis 21 of the second polarizer 20 is preferably 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less, preferably 85 °. It is more preferably 95 ° or less, and most preferably 90 ° or more.
  • the Rth of the optically anisotropic layer 402 is preferably smaller than ⁇ 60 nm, more preferably ⁇ 600 nm or more and -100 nm or less, and further preferably ⁇ 500 nm or more and ⁇ 200 nm or less.
  • the Rth of the retardation layer 303 is the optically anisotropic layer 402 which is a positive A plate and a positive C plate. Is the sum of Rth.
  • the optical characteristics of the retardation layer 303 (optically anisotropic layer 401 and optically anisotropic layer 402) are within the above range, they can be visually recognized from an angle in an orientation that is neither horizontal nor perpendicular to the absorption axis 21 in the film plane. When this is done, the deviation of the absorption shaft 11 and the absorption shaft 21 from the vertical can be compensated, and the transmittance in that direction can be reduced.
  • the Re of the retardation layer 303 is 120 nm
  • the azimuth angle of the slow axis 31 is 90 °
  • the Rth of the retardation layer 303 is ⁇ 420 nm
  • a Poincare sphere representing a change in the polarization state at that time is shown in FIG. 11B. It can be seen that the polarization state of the point S is converted to a polarization state close to the point G. In this case, the Nz coefficient is ⁇ 2.5.
  • FIG. 12A is a schematic view showing still another example of the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • the viewing angle control system 105 includes a first polarizer 10, an optically anisotropic layer 403 composed of a negative A plate, and an optically anisotropic layer 404 composed of a negative C plate, and a retardation layer 305, and a second.
  • the polarizer 20 is provided in this order. That is, the retardation layer 305 includes a negative A plate and a negative C plate, and the negative A plate is installed on the first polarizer 10 side.
  • the negative A plate refers to an optical member in which the refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz satisfy the following formula (7). Equation (7): nx ⁇ nz> ny Further, the negative C plate refers to an optical member in which the refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz satisfy the following formula (8).
  • the Re of the retardation layer 305 (the total Re of the optically anisotropic layer 403 and the optically anisotropic layer 404) is larger than 80 nm and smaller than 250 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and 200 nm or less, and more preferably 100 nm or more and 150 nm or less. Is more preferable. Since the optically anisotropic layer 404, which is a negative C plate, has Re ⁇ 0, the Re of the retardation layer 305 is substantially the same as the Re of the optically anisotropic layer 403, which is a negative A plate.
  • the slow axis 31 of the retardation layer 305 is substantially the same as the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer 403, which is a negative A plate. Further, the slow axis 31 of the optically anisotropic layer 403, which is a negative A plate, preferably has an azimuth of ⁇ 10 ° or more and 10 ° or less, and more preferably ⁇ 5 ° or more and 5 ° or less. , 0 ° (ie, parallel to the absorption axis 21). That is, the angle formed by the slow axis 31 of the optically anisotropic layer 403, which is a negative A plate, and the absorption axis 21 of the second polarizer 20 is preferably 10 ° or less, and preferably 5 or less.
  • the Rth of the optically anisotropic layer 404 is preferably larger than 60 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and 600 nm or less, and further preferably 300 nm or more and 500 nm or less. Since the optically anisotropic layer 403 which is a negative A plate has Rth ⁇ Re / 2, the Rth of the retardation layer 305 is an optically anisotropic layer which is a negative A plate and a negative C plate. It is the sum of Rth of 404.
  • the optical characteristics of the retardation layer 305 can be visually recognized from an angle in an orientation that is neither horizontal nor perpendicular to the absorption axis 21 in the film plane.
  • the deviation of the absorption shaft 11 and the absorption shaft 21 from the vertical can be compensated, and the transmittance in that direction can be reduced.
  • the Re of the retardation layer 305 is 120 nm
  • the azimuth angle of the slow axis 31 is 0 °
  • the Rth of the retardation layer 305 is 400 nm
  • the azimuth angle is 45 °
  • the polar angle is 60 °.
  • FIG. 12B A Poincare sphere representing a change in the polarization state of is shown in FIG. 12B. It can be seen that the polarization state of the point S is converted to a polarization state close to the point G. In this case, the Nz coefficient is 3.3.
  • FIG. 13A is a schematic view showing still another example of the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • the viewing angle control system 106 includes a first polarizing element 10, a retardation layer 307 including an optically anisotropic layer 405 composed of a B plate and an optically anisotropic layer 406 composed of a positive C plate, and a second polarizer. 20 is in this order. That is, the retardation layer 307 includes the B plate and the positive C plate, and the B plate is installed on the first polarizer 10 side.
  • the Re of the retardation layer 307 (Re of the total of the optically anisotropic layer 405 and the optically anisotropic layer 406) is larger than 80 nm and smaller than 250 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and smaller than 250 nm, and 100 nm or more and 200 nm or less. It is more preferable to have. Since the optically anisotropic layer 406, which is a positive C plate, has Re ⁇ 0, the Re of the retardation layer 307 is substantially the same as the Re of the optically anisotropic layer 405, which is the B plate. The slow axis 31 of the phase difference layer 307 is substantially the same as the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer 405, which is a B plate.
  • the Rth of the retardation layer 307 (the sum of the Rths of the optically anisotropic layer 405 and the optically anisotropic layer 406) is preferably smaller than -60 nm, more preferably ⁇ 500 nm or more and -100 nm or less. It is more preferably ⁇ 400 nm or more and ⁇ 200 nm or less.
  • the slow axis 31 of the retardation layer 307 (optically anisotropic layer 405 which is a B plate) preferably has an azimuth of 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less, and preferably 85 ° or more and 95 ° or less. More preferably, it is 90 ° (that is, perpendicular to the absorption axis 21).
  • the angle formed by the slow axis 31 of the optically anisotropic layer 405, which is the B plate, and the absorption axis 21 of the second polarizer 20 is preferably 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less, and is 85 ° or more and 95 ° or more. It is more preferably ° or less, and most preferably 90 °.
  • the optical characteristics of the retardation layer 307 are within the above range, they can be visually recognized from an angle in an orientation that is neither horizontal nor perpendicular to the absorption axis 21 in the film plane.
  • the deviation of the absorption shaft 11 and the absorption shaft 21 from the vertical can be compensated, and the transmittance in that direction can be reduced.
  • Re of the optically anisotropic layer 405 is 120 nm
  • Rth is 120 nm
  • the azimuth angle of the slow axis 31 is 90 °
  • Rth of the optically anisotropic layer 406 is ⁇ 450 nm, that is, the phase difference.
  • FIG. 14A is a schematic view showing still another example of the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • the viewing angle control system 107 includes a first polarizer 10, a retardation layer 309 including an optically anisotropic layer 407 composed of a B plate and an optically anisotropic layer 408 composed of a negative C plate, and a second polarizer 20.
  • the retardation layer 309 includes the B plate and the negative C plate, and the B plate is installed on the first polarizer 10 side.
  • the Re of the retardation layer 309 (the total Re of the optically anisotropic layer 407 and the optically anisotropic layer 408) is larger than 80 nm and smaller than 250 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and smaller than 250 nm, and 100 nm or more and 200 nm or less. It is more preferable to have. Since the optically anisotropic layer 408, which is a negative C plate, has Re ⁇ 0, the Re of the retardation layer 309 is substantially the same as the Re of the optically anisotropic layer 407, which is a B plate. The slow axis 31 of the phase difference layer 309 is substantially the same as the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer 407, which is a B plate.
  • the Rth of the retardation layer 309 (the sum of the Rth of the optically anisotropic layer 407 and the optically anisotropic layer 408) is preferably larger than 60 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and 600 nm or less, and more preferably 200 nm or more and 500 nm. The following is more preferable.
  • the slow axis 31 of the retardation layer 309 (optically anisotropic layer 407 which is a B plate) preferably has an azimuth of ⁇ 10 ° or more and 10 ° or less, and preferably ⁇ 5 ° or more and 5 ° or less. More preferably, it is 0 ° (that is, parallel to the absorption axis 21).
  • the angle formed by the slow-phase axis 31 of the optically anisotropic layer 407, which is the B plate, and the absorption axis 21 of the second polarizer 20 is preferably 10 ° or less, and preferably 5 ° or less. More preferably, it is most preferably 0 °.
  • the optical characteristics of the retardation layer 309 are within the above range, they can be visually recognized from an angle in an orientation that is neither horizontal nor perpendicular to the absorption axis 21 in the film plane. When this is done, the deviation of the absorption shaft 11 and the absorption shaft 21 from the vertical can be compensated, and the transmittance in that direction can be reduced.
  • the figure shows a Poancare sphere showing a change in the polarization state when visually recognized from an azimuth angle of 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 ° when Re of 309 is 120 nm, Rth is 370 nm, and the azimuth angle of the slow axis 31 is 0 °. It is shown in 14B. It can be seen that the polarization state of the point S is converted to a polarization state close to the point G. In this case, the Nz coefficient is 3.58.
  • FIG. 15A is a schematic view showing still another example of the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • the viewing angle control system 108 includes a first polarizer 10, a retardation layer 311 including an optically anisotropic layer 409 composed of a B plate and an optically anisotropic layer 410 composed of a positive A plate, and a second polarizer 20.
  • the retardation layer 311 includes the B plate and the positive A plate, and the B plate is installed on the first polarizer 10 side.
  • the Re of the optically anisotropic layer 409 and the optically anisotropic layer 410 is larger than 80 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and 300 nm or less, and further preferably 100 nm or more and 250 nm or less. Further, the total Rth of the optically anisotropic layer 409 and the optically anisotropic layer 410 is preferably larger than 60 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and 600 nm or less, and further preferably 200 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
  • the slow axis 41 of the optically anisotropic layer 409 preferably has an azimuth of ⁇ 10 ° or more and 10 ° or less, more preferably ⁇ 5 ° or more and 5 ° or less, and is 0 ° (that is, that is). Most preferably, it is parallel to the absorption shaft 21).
  • the slow axis 42 of the optically anisotropic layer 410 preferably has an azimuth of 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less, more preferably 85 ° or more and 95 ° or less, and 90 ° (that is, an absorption axis). 21) is most preferable.
  • the absorption axis 11 is viewed from an angle in an orientation that is neither horizontal nor perpendicular to the absorption axis 21 in the film surface. And the deviation of the absorption shaft 21 from the vertical can be compensated, and the transmittance in that direction can be reduced.
  • Re of the optically anisotropic layer 409 is 210 nm
  • Rth is 300 nm
  • the Nz coefficient is 1.9
  • the azimuth angle of the slow axis 41 is 0 °
  • Re of the optically anisotropic layer 410 is 200 nm
  • the Nz coefficient the optically anisotropic layer 410
  • 15B shows a change in the polarization state when visually recognized from an azimuth angle of 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 ° when the azimuth angle of the slow axis 32 is 90 °. It can be seen that the polarization state of the point S is converted to a polarization state close to the point G.
  • FIG. 16A is a schematic view showing still another example of the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • the viewing angle control system 109 includes a first polarizer 10, a retardation layer 313 including an optically anisotropic layer 411 composed of a B plate and an optically anisotropic layer 412 composed of a B plate, and a second polarizer 20. , In this order.
  • the Re of the optically anisotropic layer 411 and the optically anisotropic layer 412 is larger than 80 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and 300 nm or less, and further preferably 100 nm or more and 250 nm or less.
  • the total Rth of the optically anisotropic layer 411 and the optically anisotropic layer 412 is preferably larger than 60 nm, more preferably 100 nm or more and 700 nm or less, and further preferably 200 nm or more and 600 nm or less.
  • the slow axis 41 of the optically anisotropic layer 411 preferably has an azimuth of ⁇ 10 ° or more and 10 ° or less, more preferably ⁇ 5 ° or more and 5 ° or less, and is 0 ° (that is, that is). Most preferably, it is parallel to the absorption shaft 21).
  • the absorption axis 11 is viewed from an angle in an orientation that is neither horizontal nor perpendicular to the absorption axis 21 in the film surface. And the deviation of the absorption shaft 21 from the vertical can be compensated, and the transmittance in that direction can be reduced.
  • Re of the optically anisotropic layer 411 is 150 nm
  • Rth is 210 nm
  • Nz coefficient is 1.9
  • the azimuth of the slow axis 31 is 0 °
  • Re of the optically anisotropic layer 412 is 220 nm
  • Rth is.
  • 16B shows a Poancare sphere showing a change in the polarization state when visually recognized from an azimuth angle of 45 ° and an polar angle of 60 ° when the azimuth angle of the slow axis 32 is 90 ° and the Nz coefficient is 2.3 at 400 nm. Shown in. It can be seen that the polarization state of the point S is converted to a polarization state close to the point G.
  • optical members that can be used in the viewing angle control system of the present invention will be described in detail.
  • the first polarizer in the present invention is characterized in that the direction of the absorption axis forms an angle of 45 ° or more with respect to the surface.
  • the direction of the absorption axis of the first polarizer coincides with the direction in which the transmittance of the viewing angle control system is highest.
  • the absorption axis of the first polarizer is perpendicular to the surface of the viewing angle control system (first polarizer). For example, when it is used to prevent peeping in an image display device, it is preferable to maximize the transmittance in the front direction.
  • the absorption axis of the first polarizer may be aligned with the normal direction of the film and perpendicular to the surface. Further, the absorption axis of the first polarizer may be oriented in a different direction depending on the location. For example, in an in-vehicle display having a curved display surface, in order to prevent light emitted from any position from being reflected on the windshield or the like and to be appropriately visible to the driver, a first polarizing element is used. It is preferable to adjust the direction of the absorption axis according to the curved surface.
  • the first polarizer in the present invention can have a light absorption anisotropic layer in which at least one dichroic substance is oriented perpendicularly to the film surface.
  • the light absorption anisotropic layer can also contain a plurality of types of dichroic substances.
  • the tint can be neutralized and the viewing angle control effect can be exhibited over the entire wavelength range of visible light.
  • the dichroic substance is a substance exhibiting dichroism, and the dichroism means a property in which the absorbance differs depending on the polarization direction.
  • the degree of orientation of the dichroic substance at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 0.95 or more.
  • the transmittance in the direction of the absorption axis that is, the direction in which light is desired to be transmitted
  • the degree of orientation of the dichroic substance at a wavelength of 420 nm is preferably 0.93 or more in that the color can be neutralized.
  • the thickness of the light absorption anisotropic layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 to 8000 nm, and more preferably 300 to 5000 nm from the viewpoint of flexibility.
  • the dichroic substance used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance exhibiting dichroism, and is a dichroic dye, a dichroic azo compound, an ultraviolet absorbing substance, an infrared absorbing substance, a non-linear optical substance, and a carbon nanotube. , Anisotropic metal nanoparticles, inorganic substances and the like. Particularly preferred is a dichroic azo dye compound.
  • the dichroic azo dye compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and conventionally known dichroic azo dyes can be used.
  • the dichroic azo dye compound may or may not exhibit liquid crystallinity. When the dichroic azo dye compound exhibits liquid crystallinity, it may exhibit either nematic property or smectic property.
  • the temperature range indicating the liquid crystal phase is preferably room temperature (about 20 ° C. to 28 ° C.) to 300 ° C., and more preferably 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. from the viewpoint of handleability and production suitability.
  • the dichroic azo dye compound has a crosslinkable group from the viewpoint of improving the pressing resistance.
  • the crosslinkable group include (meth) acryloyl group, epoxy group, oxetanyl group, styryl group and the like, and among them, (meth) acryloyl group is preferable.
  • the material of the anisotropic metal nanoparticles is at least one selected from gold, silver, copper, and aluminum.
  • the light absorption anisotropic layer in the first polarizer can have a liquid crystal compound.
  • the dichroic substance can be oriented with a high degree of orientation while suppressing the precipitation of the dichroic substance.
  • the liquid crystal compound either a low molecular weight liquid crystal compound or a high molecular weight liquid crystal compound can be used, and it is preferable to use both in combination.
  • the "small molecule liquid crystal compound” refers to a liquid crystal compound having no repeating unit in its chemical structure.
  • the “polymer liquid crystal compound” refers to a liquid crystal compound having a repeating unit in the chemical structure.
  • Examples of the small molecule liquid crystal compound include the liquid crystal compound described in JP2013-228706.
  • polymer liquid crystal compound examples include thermotropic liquid crystal polymers described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-237513. Further, the polymer liquid crystal compound preferably has a repeating unit having a crosslinkable group at the terminal from the viewpoint of excellent strength (particularly, bending resistance of the film). Examples of the crosslinkable group include the polymerizable group described in paragraphs [0040] to [0050] of JP-A-2010-244038.
  • an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, and a styryl group are preferable, and an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group are more preferable, from the viewpoint of improving reactivity and synthetic suitability.
  • the polymer liquid crystal compound When the light absorption anisotropic layer contains a polymer liquid crystal compound, the polymer liquid crystal compound preferably forms a nematic liquid crystal phase.
  • the temperature range showing the nematic liquid crystal phase is preferably room temperature (23 ° C.) to 450 ° C., and preferably 50 ° C. to 400 ° C. from the viewpoint of handling and manufacturing suitability.
  • the content of the liquid crystal compound in the light absorption anisotropic layer is preferably 25 to 2000 parts by mass, more preferably 100 to 1300 parts by mass, and 200 to 900 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the content of the dichroic substance.
  • the portion is more preferable.
  • the degree of orientation of the dichroic substance is further improved.
  • the liquid crystal compound may be contained alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more kinds of liquid crystal compounds are contained, the content of the liquid crystal compounds means the total content of the liquid crystal compounds.
  • the light absorption anisotropic layer in the first polarizer further includes a solvent, a vertical alignment agent, an interface improver, a leveling agent, a polymerizable component, a polymerization initiator (for example, a radical polymerization initiator), a durability improver and the like. May contain additives of.
  • a known additive can be used as appropriate.
  • the first polarizer may have a base material layer.
  • the base material layer is not particularly limited, but a transparent film or sheet is preferable, and a known transparent resin film, transparent resin plate, transparent resin sheet, glass, or the like can be used.
  • the transparent resin film include cellulose acylate film (for example, cellulose triacetate film, cellulose diacetate film, cellulose acetate butyrate film, cellulose acetate propionate film), polyethylene terephthalate film, polyether sulfone film, and polyacrylic resin film.
  • Polyurethane resin film polyester film, polycarbonate film, polysulfone film, polyether film, polymethylpentene film, polyether ketone film, (meth) acrylic nitrile film and the like can be used.
  • a cellulose acylate film which is highly transparent, has little optical birefringence, is easy to manufacture, and is generally used as a protective film for a polarizing plate is preferable, and a cellulose triacetate film is particularly preferable.
  • the thickness of the transparent base film is preferably 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the first polarizer may have an alignment film between the base material layer and the light absorption anisotropic layer.
  • the alignment film may be any layer as long as the dichroic substance can be in a desired orientation state on the alignment film.
  • a film formed from a polyfunctional acrylate compound or polyvinyl alcohol may be used. Polyvinyl alcohol is particularly preferable.
  • the first polarizer preferably has a barrier layer together with a light absorption anisotropic layer.
  • the barrier layer is also called a gas blocking layer (oxygen blocking layer), and has a function of protecting the polarizing element of the present invention from gas such as oxygen in the atmosphere, moisture, or a compound contained in an adjacent layer.
  • gas blocking layer oxygen blocking layer
  • paragraphs [0014] to [0054] of JP-A-2014-159124, paragraphs [0042]-[0075] of JP-A-2017-121721, and paragraphs [0042]-[0075] of JP-A-2017-121507 You can refer to paragraphs 0045] to [0054], paragraphs [0010] to [0061] of JP2012-213938, and paragraphs [0021] to [0031] of JP2005-169994.
  • the above-mentioned light absorption anisotropic layer has a dichroic substance, and internal reflection due to the high refractive index of the light absorption anisotropic layer may become a problem.
  • the refractive index adjusting layer is present.
  • the refractive index adjusting layer is arranged so as to be in contact with the light absorption anisotropic layer and is a refractive index adjusting layer for performing so-called index matching, and the in-plane average refractive index at a wavelength of 550 nm is 1.55 or more and 1.70 or less. Is preferable.
  • the first polarizer may include a tint adjusting layer having at least one dye compound.
  • a tint adjusting layer having at least one dye compound.
  • the absorption peak wavelength of the dye compound contained in the color adjustment layer used in the present invention is preferably 500 nm or more and 650 nm or less, and more preferably 550 nm or more and 600 nm or less. By setting the absorption of the dye compound in this range, the tint of the optical film in the present invention can be adjusted to be more neutral.
  • Examples of the dye compound contained in the color adjustment layer include azo, methine, anthraquinone, triarylmethane, oxazine, azomethine, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, perylene, pyrolopyrrole, and squarylium. Absorption waveform, heat resistance, and light resistance. From the viewpoint of excellent properties, azo, phthalocyanine and anthraquinone are preferable, and anthraquinone is particularly preferable.
  • the method for forming the light absorption anisotropic layer is not particularly limited, and for example, a step of applying a composition for forming a light absorption anisotropic layer to form a coating film (hereinafter, also referred to as a “coating film forming step”).
  • a method including a step of orienting a liquid crystal component or a dichroic substance contained in the coating film (hereinafter, also referred to as an “orientation step”) in this order can be mentioned.
  • the liquid crystal component is a component that includes not only the liquid crystal compound described above but also the dichroic substance having a liquid crystal property when the dichroic substance described above has a liquid crystal property.
  • the coating film forming step is a step of applying a light absorption anisotropic layer forming composition to form a coating film.
  • Specific examples of the method for applying the composition for forming a light absorption anisotropic layer include a roll coating method, a gravure printing method, a spin coating method, a wire bar coating method, an extrusion coating method, a direct gravure coating method, and a reverse method.
  • Known methods such as a gravure coating method, a die coating method, a spray method, and an inkjet method can be mentioned.
  • the alignment step is a step of aligning the liquid crystal component contained in the coating film. As a result, a light absorption anisotropic layer is obtained.
  • the orientation step may include a drying process. By the drying treatment, components such as a solvent can be removed from the coating film. The drying treatment may be carried out by a method of leaving the coating film at room temperature for a predetermined time (for example, natural drying), or by a method of heating and / or blowing air.
  • the liquid crystal component contained in the composition for forming a light absorption anisotropic layer may be oriented by the above-mentioned coating film forming step or drying treatment.
  • the coating film is dried and the solvent is removed from the coating film to obtain light absorption anisotropy.
  • a coating film (that is, a light absorption anisotropic film) is obtained.
  • the transition temperature of the liquid crystal component contained in the coating film from the liquid crystal phase to the isotropic phase is preferably 10 to 250 ° C, more preferably 25 to 190 ° C from the viewpoint of manufacturing suitability and the like.
  • a cooling treatment or the like for lowering the temperature to a temperature range exhibiting a liquid crystal phase is not required, which is preferable.
  • a high temperature is not required even when heating to an isotropic phase for the purpose of suppressing orientation defects, which wastes heat energy and causes deformation and alteration of the substrate. It is preferable because it can be reduced.
  • the orientation step preferably includes heat treatment.
  • the liquid crystal component contained in the coating film can be oriented, so that the coating film after the heat treatment can be suitably used as the light absorption anisotropic film.
  • the heat treatment is preferably 10 to 250 ° C., more preferably 25 to 190 ° C. from the viewpoint of manufacturing suitability and the like.
  • the heating time is preferably 1 to 300 seconds, more preferably 1 to 60 seconds.
  • the orientation step may include a cooling treatment performed after the heat treatment.
  • the cooling treatment is a treatment for cooling the coated film after heating to about room temperature (20 to 25 ° C.). Thereby, the orientation of the liquid crystal component contained in the coating film can be fixed.
  • the cooling means is not particularly limited, and can be carried out by a known method.
  • the method for forming the light absorption anisotropic layer may include a step of curing the light absorption anisotropic layer (hereinafter, also referred to as “curing step”) after the above-mentioned orientation step.
  • the curing step is carried out, for example, by heating and / or light irradiation (exposure) when the light absorption anisotropic layer has a crosslinkable group (polymerizable group). Above all, it is preferable that the curing step is carried out by light irradiation from the viewpoint of productivity.
  • the light source used for curing various light sources such as infrared rays, visible light, and ultraviolet rays can be used, but ultraviolet rays are preferable.
  • the ultraviolet rays may be irradiated while being heated at the time of curing, or the ultraviolet rays may be irradiated through a filter that transmits only a specific wavelength.
  • the heating temperature at the time of exposure is preferably 25 to 140 ° C., although it depends on the transition temperature of the liquid crystal component contained in the liquid crystal film.
  • the exposure may be performed in a nitrogen atmosphere. When the curing of the liquid crystal film progresses by radical polymerization, the inhibition of polymerization by oxygen is reduced, so that exposure in a nitrogen atmosphere is preferable.
  • the first polarizer includes, for example, a dichroic dye and a guest host liquid crystal material as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-541727, and can electrically drive the orientation direction of the dichroic dye. It may be. In this case, it is preferable because it is possible to electrically switch between a state in which the viewing angle is controlled and a state in which the viewing angle is not limited. It is also preferable that the direction of the absorption axis of the dichroic dye can be electrically controlled.
  • the retardation layer in the present invention is installed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer.
  • the retardation layer is composed of one layer or two or more layers, but in the present invention, it is preferably composed of one layer or two layers.
  • the thickness of the retardation layer is preferably thin as long as it does not impair the optical characteristics, mechanical properties, and manufacturing suitability, and specifically, 1 to 150 ⁇ m is preferable. 70 ⁇ m is more preferable, and 1 to 30 ⁇ m is even more preferable.
  • the retardation layer is preferably a polymer film or a film formed by using a liquid crystal compound from the viewpoint of ease of production and the like.
  • a polymer film a cellulose acylate film, a cycloolefin polymer film (a polymer film using a cycloolefin polymer), a polycarbonate polymer film, a polystyrene polymer film, or an acrylic polymer film is preferable.
  • the acrylic polymer film preferably contains an acrylic polymer containing at least one unit selected from a lactone ring unit, a maleic anhydride unit, and a glutaric anhydride unit.
  • Phase difference layer using liquid crystal compound As the retardation layer formed by using the liquid crystal compound, a film immobilized with the liquid crystal compound oriented is preferable. Among them, a composition containing a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group is applied to form a coating film, the liquid crystal compound in the coating film is oriented, and a curing treatment is performed to fix the orientation of the liquid crystal compound. The resulting film is more preferred.
  • the liquid crystal compound include a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound and a disk-shaped liquid crystal compound, and it is preferable that the liquid crystal compound has a polymerizable group in order to fix the orientation state.
  • the rod-shaped liquid crystal compound can be suitably used for producing a positive A plate or a positive C plate. Further, the disc-shaped liquid crystal compound can be suitably used for producing a negative A plate or a negative C plate. Further, the retardation layer using the liquid crystal compound is advantageous for thinning, and it is easy to reduce the thickness to 10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the liquid crystal compound it is also preferable to use a liquid crystal compound exhibiting a reverse dispersion wavelength dispersibility.
  • the liquid crystal compound exhibiting the wavelength dispersibility of the inverse dispersion described in WO2017 / 0433438 pamphlet can be mentioned.
  • the retardation layer using the liquid crystal compound exhibiting the wavelength dispersibility of the inverse dispersion can perform optical compensation over the entire wavelength range of visible light.
  • the wavelength dispersibility of inverse dispersion means that Re ( ⁇ ) and Rth ( ⁇ ) become larger values as the wavelength ⁇ increases.
  • the retardation layer When the retardation layer is a film formed by using a liquid crystal compound, the retardation layer may have an alignment film.
  • the alignment film generally contains a polymer as a main component.
  • the polymer material for an alignment film has been described in a large number of documents, and a large number of commercially available products are available.
  • the polymer material used is preferably polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide, and its derivatives. In particular, modified or unmodified polyvinyl alcohol is preferable.
  • the alignment film that can be used in the present invention refer to page 43, lines 24 to 49, line 8 of WO01 / 88574A1, and modified polyvinyl alcohol and the like described in paragraphs [0071] to [0995] of Japanese Patent No. 3907735. can do.
  • the above-mentioned alignment film is usually subjected to a known rubbing treatment.
  • the thickness of the alignment film is preferably thin, but from the viewpoint of imparting an alignment ability for forming a retardation layer and alleviating surface irregularities of the film to form a retardation layer having a uniform film thickness. , A certain thickness is required.
  • the thickness of the alignment film is preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the photoalignment film is not particularly limited, but those described in paragraphs [0024] to [0043] of WO2005 / 096041 and trade names LPP-JP265CP manufactured by Rolic echnologies can be preferably used.
  • the retardation layer can also be obtained by stretching the polymer film.
  • polymer films for example, cellulose acylate film, cyclic polyolefin film, polycarbonate film, polystyrene film, and methyl methacrylate, styrene, etc.
  • polymer films for example, cellulose acylate film, cyclic polyolefin film, polycarbonate film, polystyrene film, and methyl methacrylate, styrene, etc.
  • It is obtained by stretching a copolymer containing maleic anhydride) by, for example, a longitudinal stretching method by controlling the peripheral speed of a roll, a transverse stretching method using a tenter, a biaxial stretching method, or the like. More specifically, the description in JP-A-2005-338767 can be referred to.
  • a shrinkable film is attached to one or both sides of a polymer film and stretched by heating. Therefore, it can also be produced by a method of stretching in the thickness (nz) direction.
  • the polymer film can be suitably used for producing, for example, a B plate.
  • a retardation layer having a negative Nz coefficient it is preferable to use a polymer film exhibiting negative intrinsic birefringence, and for example, it is described in Example 19 of JP-A-2008-262182.
  • a film or the like using a blend of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate-methyl acrylate and a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer can be used.
  • polymer film it is also preferable to use a polymer film that exhibits reverse dispersion wavelength dispersibility.
  • a polymer film exhibiting reverse dispersion wavelength dispersibility for example, a modified polycarbonate film is known.
  • the viewing angle control polarizing plate of the present invention is formed by laminating at least a first polarizer and a retardation layer.
  • the viewing angle control polarizing plate of the present invention can be used in combination with the second polarizer to produce the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • polarizing plates having an absorption axis in the in-plane direction of the display surface are often laminated. Therefore, the viewing angle control polarizing plate of the present invention can be attached later to the polarizing plate already attached to the liquid crystal display device or the organic EL display device to produce the viewing angle control system of the present invention. , Convenient.
  • the second polarizer in the present invention is characterized in that the direction of the absorption axis is horizontal to the film surface.
  • a polarizer in which a dichroic substance is horizontally oriented can be used.
  • a polarizing element may be horizontally oriented by dyeing a dichroic substance on polyvinyl alcohol or other polymer resin and stretching it, or a liquid crystal display such as the light absorption anisotropic layer of the present invention.
  • a polarizer in which a dichroic substance is horizontally oriented by utilizing the orientation of the compound may be used.
  • a polarizing element obtained by stretching polyvinyl alcohol and dyeing it with iodine is generally used as a polarizing element layer of a polarizing plate installed in a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display device. Therefore, when the viewing angle control system of the present invention is used for a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display device, the polarizing plate installed in the liquid crystal display device or the organic EL display device is the second polarization of the present invention. Can double as a child.
  • the second polarizer may be a reflection polarizer, or may be a laminate of an absorption type polarizer (ordinary polarizer) and a reflection polarizer.
  • a reflective polarizer is a polarizer that reflects one polarized light and transmits the other polarized light.
  • the reflection polarizer has a reflection axis and a transmission axis in the plane, but in the sense that the reflection axis does not transmit polarized light in that direction, it functions in the same way as the absorption axis in a normal polarizer. In the specification, the reflection axis can be read as the absorption axis.
  • the second polarizer is a reflective polarizer, the light that does not pass through the reflective polarizer is reflected.
  • the viewing angle control system when the viewing angle control system is incorporated in the backlight of the liquid crystal display device, the reflected light is reused. Therefore, the efficiency of light utilization can be improved.
  • a brightness improving film "DBEF” or “APF” manufactured by 3M Co., Ltd., a wire grid polarizing film "WGF” manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, or the like can be preferably used.
  • the viewing angle control system of the present invention includes at least a first polarizer, a retardation layer, and a second polarizer in this order, but may include other functional layers.
  • it can include an adhesive layer, an adhesive layer, an antireflection layer, a protective layer, and the like.
  • the method for manufacturing a visual angle control system may include a step of producing a first polarizer, a retardation layer, a second polarizer, and other functional layers, respectively, and bonding them with an adhesive or an adhesive.
  • a step of transferring the retardation layer formed on the substrate to the second polarizer (the substrate is peeled off after the retardation layer is attached to the second polarizer), or The step of transferring the first polarizer formed on the substrate to the retardation layer may be included.
  • a step of directly coating the retardation layer on the first polarizer may be included, or after forming the retardation layer, the first polarizer is placed on the retardation layer. It may include a step of forming directly. Each step can be carried out according to a known method and is not particularly limited.
  • the viewing angle control system of the present invention can be used for any image display device.
  • the image display device is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL display device, a micro LED display device, a head-up display, and a head-mounted display.
  • a liquid crystal display device usually has a liquid crystal cell and a backlight, and polarizing plates are installed on both the visual side and the backlight side of the liquid crystal cell.
  • the viewing angle control system of the present invention can be applied to either the visual side or the backlight side of the liquid crystal display device, or can be applied to both surfaces.
  • Application to a liquid crystal display device can be realized by replacing the polarizing plate on either surface or both surfaces of the liquid crystal display device with the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • the polarizing plate for a viewing angle control system of the present invention can be attached by attaching the polarizing plate for a viewing angle control system of the present invention to the polarizing plate on either surface or both surfaces of the liquid crystal display device.
  • the polarizer of the liquid crystal display device may be used as the second polarizer of the viewing angle control system of the present invention.
  • the second polarizer is arranged closer to the liquid crystal cell than the first polarizer from the viewpoint of enhancing the display performance of the liquid crystal display device. It is preferable to be done.
  • the second polarizing element is a reflected polarizing element or a normal polarizing element from the viewpoint of increasing the efficiency of light utilization. It is preferably a laminate of reflective polarizers.
  • Some image display devices are thin and can be molded into a curved surface. Since the viewing angle control system of the present invention is thin and easy to bend, it can be suitably applied to an image display device having a curved display surface. In addition, some image display devices have a pixel density of more than 250 ppi and are capable of high-definition display. The viewing angle control system of the present invention can be suitably applied to such a high-definition image display device without causing moire.
  • ⁇ Preparation of transparent support 1 with alignment film> The surface of a cellulose acylate film (TAC base material having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m; TG40 Fujifilm Co., Ltd.) was saponified with an alkaline solution, and the following coating solution 1 for forming an alignment layer was applied thereto with a wire bar.
  • the cellulose acylate film on which the coating film was formed was dried with warm air at 60 ° C. for 60 seconds and further with warm air at 100 ° C. for 120 seconds to form an alignment layer PA1 and obtain a transparent support 1 with an alignment layer.
  • the film thickness of the alignment film PA1 was 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the following composition 1 for forming a light absorption anisotropic layer was continuously applied on the obtained alignment layer PA1 with a wire bar to form a coating layer.
  • the coating layer was then heated at 140 ° C. for 30 seconds and then cooled to room temperature (23 ° C.). It was then heated at 80 ° C. for 60 seconds and cooled again to room temperature.
  • the light absorption anisotropic layer P1 was prepared on the alignment layer PA1 by irradiating with an LED lamp (center wavelength 365 nm) for 2 seconds under an irradiation condition of an illuminance of 200 mW / cm2.
  • the film thickness of the light absorption anisotropic layer P1 was 3 ⁇ m, and the degree of orientation was 0.96.
  • the light absorption anisotropic layer P1 with the support thus obtained was designated as the first polarizer 10.
  • the film thickness of the light absorption anisotropic layer P2 was 3 ⁇ m, and the degree of orientation was 0.96.
  • the angle between the central axis of transmittance of the light absorption anisotropic layer P9 and the film normal was 0 degrees.
  • the light absorption anisotropic layer P2 with the support thus obtained was used as the first polarizer 10B.
  • the film thickness of the light absorption anisotropic layer P3 was 3 ⁇ m, and the degree of orientation was 0.96.
  • the angle between the central axis of transmittance of the light absorption anisotropic layer P9 and the film normal was 0 degrees.
  • the light absorption anisotropic layer P3 with the support thus obtained was used as the first polarizer 10C.
  • Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of Phase Difference Layer of Example 1> (Extrusion molding)
  • the cycloolefin resin ARTON G7810 (JSR) was dried at 100 ° C. for 2 hours or more, and melt-extruded at 280 ° C. using a twin-screw kneading extruder.
  • a screen filter, a gear pump, and a leaf disc filter are arranged in this order between the extruder and the die, these are connected by a melt pipe, and extruded from a T die having a width of 1000 mm and a lip gap of 1 mm, 180 ° C., 175 ° C., 170.
  • Casting was performed on a triple cast roll set at ° C. to obtain an unstretched film 1 having a width of 900 mm and a thickness of 320 ⁇ m.
  • the unstretched film 1 being conveyed was subjected to a stretching step and a heat fixing step by the following methods.
  • Example 3 ⁇ Preparation of phase difference layer of Example 3> (Extrusion molding) Polystyrene resin PSJ-polystyrene G9504 (PS Japan Corporation) was dried at 100 ° C. for 2 hours or more, and melt-extruded at 280 ° C. using a twin-screw kneading extruder. At this time, a screen filter, a gear pump, and a leaf disc filter are arranged in this order between the extruder and the die, and these are connected by a melt pipe and extruded from a T die having a width of 1000 mm and a lip gap of 1 mm. Casting was performed on a triple cast roll set at ° C. to obtain an unstretched film 2 having a width of 900 mm and a thickness of 500 ⁇ m.
  • the unstretched film 2 being conveyed was subjected to a stretching step and a heat fixing step by the following methods.
  • a coating liquid 1 for a photoalignment film was prepared with reference to JP2012-155308A and the description of Example 3.
  • the coating liquid 1 for a photoalignment film prepared above was applied to one surface of a cellulose acetate film "Z-TAC" manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation with a bar coater. After coating, it was dried on a hot plate at 120 ° C. for 2 minutes to remove the solvent to form a coating film.
  • the obtained coating film was irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays (10 mJ / cm 2 , using an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp) to form a photoalignment film 1.
  • a composition 1 for forming a liquid crystal layer having the following composition was prepared.
  • the liquid crystal layer forming composition 1 was applied onto the photoalignment film 1 with a bar coater to form a composition layer.
  • the formed composition layer was heated to 110 ° C. on a hot plate and then cooled to 60 ° C. to stabilize the orientation. Then, the temperature was maintained at 60 ° C., and the orientation was fixed by ultraviolet irradiation (500 mJ / cm 2 , using an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp) under a nitrogen atmosphere (oxygen concentration 100 ppm) to prepare a retardation layer having a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the obtained optically anisotropic layer was designated as a positive A plate 401.
  • composition for forming a liquid crystal layer 1 ⁇ ⁇ Liquid compound R1 84.00 parts by mass ⁇ Polymerizable compound B2 16.00 parts by mass ⁇ Polymerization initiator P3 0.50 parts by mass ⁇ Surfactant S3 0.15 parts by mass ⁇ High Solve MTEM (manufactured by Toho Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 2.00 parts by mass, NK ester A-200 (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 1.00 parts by mass, methyl ethyl ketone 424.8 parts by mass ⁇ ⁇
  • the coated surface of the positive A plate 401 produced above is subjected to corona treatment with a discharge amount of 150 W ⁇ min / m 2 , and the following liquid crystal layer forming composition 2 is used in the same procedure as described above.
  • a positive C plate 402 was made on the positive A plate 303.
  • the obtained laminate of the positive A plate 401 and the positive C plate 402 was used as the retardation layer 303 of Example 4.
  • composition for forming a liquid crystal layer 2 ⁇ Liquid Liquid Compound R4 100.0 parts by mass Compound B1 1.5 parts by mass Monomer K1 4.0 parts by mass Polymerization initiator P1 5.0 parts by mass Polymerization initiator P2 2.0 parts by mass Surfactant S1 0.4 Part by mass Surfactant S2 0.5 parts by mass acetone 200.0 parts by mass propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate 50.0 parts by mass ⁇ ⁇
  • a positive A plate 401B having opposite wavelength dispersibility was obtained in the same manner as the above-mentioned positive A plate 401 except that the liquid crystal layer forming composition 3 having the following composition was used.
  • a positive C plate 402B having an inverse wavelength dispersibility was obtained in the same manner as the above-mentioned positive C plate 402 except that the composition 4 for forming a liquid crystal layer having the following composition was used and formed on the positive A plate 401B. ..
  • the obtained laminate of the positive A plate 401B and the positive C plate 402B was used as the retardation layer 303B of Example 5.
  • the liquid crystal layer forming composition 5 containing the disk-shaped liquid crystal compound having the following composition was applied with a wire bar on the alignment film prepared above. Then, for drying the solvent of the coating liquid and orientation aging of the disk-shaped liquid crystal compound, it was heated with warm air at 120 ° C. for 90 seconds. Subsequently, UV irradiation was performed at 80 ° C. to fix the orientation of the liquid crystal compound. In this way, a negative A plate 403 was obtained.
  • the surface of the negative A plate 403 produced above on the coating side is subjected to corona treatment with a discharge amount of 150 W ⁇ min / m 2 , and the following liquid crystal layer forming composition 6 is used in the same procedure as described above.
  • a negative C plate 404 was made on the negative A plate 403.
  • the obtained laminate of the negative A plate 403 and the negative C plate 404 was used as the retardation layer 305 of Example 6.
  • Discotic liquid crystal compound A-1 (1,3,5-substituted benzene type polymerizable discotic liquid crystal compound)
  • Discotic liquid crystal compound A-2 (1,3,5-substituted benzene type polymerizable discotic liquid crystal compound)
  • Discotic liquid crystal compound B-1 polymerizable triphenylene type discotic liquid crystal compound
  • Polymer C-1 (Hereinafter, the copolymerization ratio of the chemical structural formula is described in mass%).
  • the viewing angle control polarizing plates were bonded so that the directions of the slow axis of the retardation layers were as shown in Table 1. Adjusted the orientation.
  • the direction of the slow-phase axis is represented by an azimuth angle in which the direction of the absorption axis of the viewing-side polarizing plate of the dynabook is 0 °.
  • the viewing angle control system of Comparative Example 1 was produced in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 10 except that the louver film "PF14 H2" manufactured by 3M was used instead of the above-mentioned viewing angle control polarizing plate.
  • the louver film was installed so that the direction of the louver was the vertical direction (azimuth angle 0 ° direction).
  • Table 1 shows the oblique shading performance of the viewing angle control systems of Examples and Comparative Examples. As shown in Table 1, the viewing angle control system of the present invention had better oblique shading performance as compared with Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3.
  • the produced visual angle control polarizing plate was attached onto a liquid crystal display device of a smartphone iPhone 8 Plus (registered trademark) manufactured by Apple Inc., and moire was evaluated.
  • the iPhone 8 Plus registered trademark
  • the iPhone 8 Plus is a smartphone equipped with a high-definition liquid crystal display device, and the pixel density of the liquid crystal display device was 401 ppi.
  • a black-and-white stripe pattern in which white and black were interchanged for each pixel in the vertical direction was displayed on this liquid crystal display device, and the moire was visually evaluated by observing from the front.
  • Table 2 As shown in Table 2, moire was visually recognized in the louver film, but the viewing angle control polarizing plate of the present invention did not visually recognize moire and had good display performance in the front surface.
  • the viewing angle control system of the present invention had good oblique shading performance, did not generate moire, and had good display performance in the front. Further, all of the viewing angle control polarizing plates of the present invention had a thickness of 150 ⁇ m or less and were easily bent.
  • the louver film used in Comparative Example 1 had a thickness of 500 ⁇ m and was difficult to bend. Further, when a bending test was carried out on the viewing angle control polarizing plates of Examples and Comparative Examples using a mandrel having a diameter of 10 mm, the viewing angle control polarizing plates of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 2 to 3 were cracked. No deformation occurred. On the other hand, in the louver film of Comparative Example 1, a trace of deformation remained at the bent portion. In addition, some cracks occurred.
  • the composition T1 for forming a liquid crystal layer for alignment having the following composition was applied onto the alignment film of the prepared TAC film with an alignment layer using a wire bar to prepare a coating layer T1.
  • the liquid crystal layer coating layer T1 for orientation was heated at 120 ° C. for 30 seconds, and the coating layer T1 was cooled to room temperature (23 ° C.). It was further heated at 80 ° C. for 60 seconds and cooled again to room temperature.
  • the alignment liquid crystal layer T1 was produced on the alignment layer 1 by irradiating with an LED lamp (center wavelength 365 nm) for 1 second under an irradiation condition of an illuminance of 200 mW / cm 2.
  • the film thickness of the alignment liquid crystal layer T1 was 0.42 ⁇ m.
  • ⁇ Formation of light absorption anisotropic layer P4> The following composition for forming a light absorption anisotropic layer P1 was applied on the obtained liquid crystal layer T1 for orientation with a wire bar to form a coating layer. The coating layer was then heated at 120 ° C. for 30 seconds and then cooled to room temperature (23 ° C.). It was then heated at 80 ° C. for 60 seconds and cooled again to room temperature. Then, a light absorption anisotropic layer P4 was produced on the alignment layer 1 by irradiating with an LED lamp (center wavelength 365 nm) for 1 second under an irradiation condition of an illuminance of 200 mW / cm 2. The film thickness of the light absorption anisotropic layer P4 was 1.5 ⁇ m. The light absorption anisotropic layer P4 with the support thus obtained was used as the first polarizer 10D.
  • composition of composition for forming an anisotropic layer for light absorption ⁇ ⁇ Bicolor substance D-1 7.356 parts by mass ⁇ Bicolor substance D-2 3.308 parts by mass ⁇ Bicolor substance D-3 11.02 parts by mass ⁇
  • the collected section S is placed so that the cross section is parallel to the turntable, and the cross section of the light absorption anisotropic layer is the most on the turntable of the polarizing microscope with respect to the incident linearly polarized light as shown in FIG.
  • the azimuth angle (angle at which the section is rotated) of the section to be extinguished was determined.
  • the absorption axis direction of the light absorption anisotropic layer was an angle of 70 ° from the surface of the support.
  • the thickness of the alignment liquid crystal layer was 0.75 ⁇ m, and the film thickness of the light absorption anisotropic layer was 1.3 ⁇ m.
  • a light absorption anisotropic layer P5 was prepared. The absorption axis direction of the light absorption anisotropic layer was an angle of 80 ° from the surface of the support. The light absorption anisotropic layer P5 with the support thus obtained was used as the first polarizer 10E.
  • the visual angle control systems of Examples 11 to 12 and Comparative Example 4 produced exhibited the performance of being bright when observed from the left direction (azimuth angle 90 ° direction) of the screen and shading when observed from the right direction.
  • the viewing angle characteristics of the viewing angle control system were measured using a viewing angle characteristic evaluation device EZContrast manufactured by ELDIM.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the dynabook displayed the entire screen in white. From the obtained luminance data, the maximum luminance value and the luminance values having an azimuth angle of ⁇ 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 ° were extracted and used as the maximum luminance and the oblique luminance, respectively.
  • the oblique brightness / maximum brightness was calculated and used as a reference for the oblique shading performance.
  • the oblique brightness / front brightness was 5% or less, the light-shielding performance at an azimuth angle of ⁇ 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 ° was good, and it was difficult to read the displayed contents by observing from this direction.
  • evaluation B the light-shielding performance at an azimuth angle of ⁇ 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 ° was very good.
  • Table 3 shows the oblique shading performance of the viewing angle control systems of Examples and Comparative Examples. As shown in Table 3, the viewing angle control system of the present invention had better oblique shading performance as compared with Comparative Example 4.
  • the produced visual angle control polarizing plate was attached onto a liquid crystal display device of a smartphone iPhone 8 Plus (registered trademark) manufactured by Apple Inc., and moire was evaluated.
  • the iPhone 8 Plus registered trademark
  • the iPhone 8 Plus is a smartphone equipped with a high-definition liquid crystal display device, and the pixel density of the liquid crystal display device was 401 ppi.
  • a black-and-white stripe pattern in which white and black were interchanged for each pixel in the vertical direction was displayed on this liquid crystal display device, and the moire was visually evaluated by observing from the front.
  • Table 3 As shown in Table 3, none of the viewing angle control polarizing plates of the present invention visually recognized moire and had good display performance in the front surface.
  • all of the viewing angle control polarizing plates of the present invention had a thickness of 150 ⁇ m or less and were easily bent.
  • a bending test was carried out on the viewing angle control polarizing plates of Examples 11 to 12 and Comparative Example 4 using a mandrel having a diameter of 10 mm, no cracking or deformation occurred.
  • First Polarizer 11 Absorption Axis of First Polarizer 20
  • Second Polarizer 21 Absorption Axis of Second Polaritator 30
  • Phase Difference Layer 31 Slow Axis of Phase Difference Layer 41, 42
  • Optical absorption anisotropic layer 60 Optical absorption anisotropic layer 61 Normal direction of optical absorption anisotropic film 62
  • Section of optical absorption anisotropic film collected by microtome 100 Conventional optical angle control system 101 to 109 viewing angle Control system 301, 302 Phase difference layer consisting of B plates 303-313 Phase difference layer 401 Optically anisotropic layer consisting of positive A plates 402 Optically anisotropic layer consisting of positive C plates 403
  • Anisotropic layer 404 Optically anisotropic layer consisting of negative C plates 405
  • Optically anisotropic layer consisting of B plates 406 Optically anisotropic layer consisting of positive C plates 407 Op

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US12411378B2 (en) 2023-04-21 2025-09-09 Sioptica Gmbh Switchable light filter, lighting device and screen
DE102023114655A1 (de) 2023-06-05 2024-12-05 Sioptica Gmbh Bildschirm
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