WO2021166802A1 - 化合物、液晶組成物 - Google Patents
化合物、液晶組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021166802A1 WO2021166802A1 PCT/JP2021/005259 JP2021005259W WO2021166802A1 WO 2021166802 A1 WO2021166802 A1 WO 2021166802A1 JP 2021005259 W JP2021005259 W JP 2021005259W WO 2021166802 A1 WO2021166802 A1 WO 2021166802A1
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- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
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- C07C69/612—Esters of carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom and having a six-membered aromatic ring in the acid moiety
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- C07C69/612—Esters of carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom and having a six-membered aromatic ring in the acid moiety
- C07C69/618—Esters of carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom and having a six-membered aromatic ring in the acid moiety having unsaturation outside the six-membered aromatic ring
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- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/14—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain
- C09K19/16—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain the chain containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. stilbenes
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- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- C09K2019/0414—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems containing a heterocyclic ring
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- C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
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- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/14—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain
- C09K19/16—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain the chain containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. stilbenes
- C09K2019/168—Ph-CH=CH-Ph-CH=CH-Ph
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- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
- C09K2019/2042—Ph-Ph-COO-Ph
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- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
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- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
- C09K2019/2078—Ph-COO-Ph-COO-Ph
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to compounds and liquid crystal compositions.
- a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity can be applied to various uses.
- the liquid crystal compound is applied to the production of an optically anisotropic substance represented by a retardation film or the production of a reflective film formed by immobilizing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is formed by adding a chiral compound to a nematic liquid crystal.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a chiral compound having a helical twisting power (HTP) with respect to a liquid crystal compound.
- the chiral compound described in Patent Document 1 has photosensitivity, and HTP changes by light irradiation.
- photosensitive chiral compounds are required to have a large amount of change in HTP. Specifically, when the chiral compound is exposed to ultraviolet rays or the like, it is required that the amount of change in HTP before and after the exposure is large.
- a large amount of change in HTP of a chiral compound before and after exposure is referred to as an excellent amount of change in HTP.
- the photosensitive chiral compound easily changes HTP at the time of exposure. Specifically, it is required that the HTP changes quickly with a small amount of exposure, and the change in HTP easily reaches the saturation point.
- the change in HTP of the chiral compound easily reaches the saturation point with a small amount of exposure, which is excellent in the HTP saturation rate.
- Y represents a group represented by the general formula (C-1) described later, and represents The compound according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein A 2 in the group represented by the general formula (C-1) represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- Y represents a group represented by the general formula (C-1) described later, and represents Among the groups represented by the general formula (C-1), R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, -CN, -COR, -POR 2 , -SOR, -SO 2 R, or -NO 2 .
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, -CN, -COR, -POR 2 , -SOR, -SO 2 R, or -NO 2 .
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, -CN, -COR, -POR 2 , -SOR, -SO 2 R, or -NO 2 .
- R
- a liquid crystal composition containing the above compound can be provided.
- the present invention will be described in detail.
- the description of the constituent elements described below may be based on typical embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments.
- the numerical range represented by using “-” means a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the lower limit value and the upper limit value.
- (meth) acrylate is a notation representing both acrylate and methacrylate.
- the substituent when it is simply referred to as a substituent, the substituent includes, for example, the following substituent T.
- substituent T include a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc.), an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, and a heterocyclic group.
- Cyano group hydroxyl group, nitro group, carboxyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, silyloxy group, heterocyclic oxy group, acyloxy group, carbamoyloxy group, amino group (including alkylamino group and anilino group), acylamino Group, aminocarbonylamino group, alkoxycarbonylamino group, aryloxycarbonylamino group, sulfamoylamino group, alkyl or arylsulfonylamino group, mercapto group, alkylthio group, arylthio group, heterocyclic thio group, sulfamoyl group, sulfo group , Alkyl or arylsulfinyl group, alkyl or arylsulfonyl group, acyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, aryl or heterocyclic azo
- L T represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- PT represents any of the polymerizable groups represented by the general formulas (P-1) to (P-20) described later.
- the divalent linking group represented by L T is not particularly limited, is preferably an alkylene group which may contain a hetero atom, more alkylene groups contain an ⁇ 1 carbon atoms which may 10 oxygen atoms
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Me represents a methyl group and Et represents an ethyl group.
- those having a hydrogen atom may be further substituted with any of the above-mentioned substituents in the portion of the hydrogen atom in the substituent.
- the bonding direction of the divalent group described in the present specification is not limited unless otherwise specified.
- G is a group represented by the general formula (B-1) or a general formula (B-2).
- the group represented may be selected, and the group represented by the general formula (C-1) or the group represented by the general formula (C-2) may be selected as Y.
- a photosensitive chiral compound can undergo structural change by photoisomerizing so that its side chains are on different sides when exposed to energy irradiation such as ultraviolet rays.
- the specific compound Since the specific compound has a group represented by G and Y, it is presumed that the structural change due to photoisomerization is large and an excellent amount of change in HTP is achieved. Further, the specific compound has an excellent HTP saturation rate because the HTP changes quickly even with a small exposure amount and the change in HTP easily reaches the saturation point.
- the specific compound will be described in detail.
- G represents a group represented by the general formula (B-1) or a group represented by the general formula (B-2). Among them, G has at least one effect of being superior to the amount of change in HPT and being superior to the saturation rate of HPP (hereinafter, also referred to as “the effect of the present invention is more excellent”).
- the group represented by the general formula (B-1) is preferable.
- G is a group represented by the general formula (B-2)
- two Xs may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- * represents the bond position.
- G is a group represented by the general formula (B-2)
- the specific compound is preferably a compound represented by the following formula.
- X independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.
- the monovalent substituent represented by X is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the groups exemplified by the above-mentioned substituent T. Among them, a hydrogen atom is preferable as X in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- Y represents a group represented by the general formula (C-1) or a group represented by the general formula (C-2). Among them, the group represented by the general formula (C-1) is preferable as Y in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- * represents the bond position.
- L 1 independently represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. Among them, a single bond is preferable as L 1 in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the divalent linking group represented by L 1 is not particularly limited, but for example, a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group (preferably having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, for example, a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthracenylene group, and a biphenylene). A group may be mentioned.)
- a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group (which may be linear, branched or cyclic, and preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example, an alkylene group or an alkenylene group.
- RA represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 5 carbon atoms). The hydrogen atom in the divalent linking group may be further substituted with a substituent.
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.
- the monovalent substituent represented by R 1 and R 2 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the groups exemplified by the above-mentioned substituent T. Among them, hydrogen atom, halogen atom, -CN, -COR, -POR 2 , -SOR, -SO 2 R, or -NO 2 are preferable as R 1 in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. A hydrogen atom or -CN is more preferred.
- R independently represents a monovalent substituent.
- the monovalent substituent represented by R is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the groups exemplified by the above-mentioned substituent T. Further, a hydrogen atom is preferable as R 2 in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- a 1 represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic group represented by A 1 corresponds to a divalent aromatic group.
- Examples of the aromatic group represented by A 1 include an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the aromatic ring constituting the aromatic group represented by A 1 may have either a monocyclic structure or a polycyclic structure.
- the substituent that the aromatic group represented by A 1 may have is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the groups exemplified by the above-mentioned Substituent T.
- Examples of the aromatic group represented by A 1 include a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, an anthracenylene group, and a biphenylene group. Among them, in terms of the effect of the present invention is more excellent, as A 1, preferably an arylene group optionally having a substituent, an unsubstituted arylene group is more preferably a phenylene group, or, more preferably a naphthylene group ..
- Z is, -CH 2 - may be substituted by -CO- or -O- - (CH 2) 4 - , a single bond, - (CH 2) 2 - , - COO-, or, -CH 2 Represents O-.
- Z a single bond or -COO- is preferable, and a single bond is more preferable, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- a 2 represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent or an alicyclic group which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic group represented by A 2 corresponds to a monovalent aromatic group.
- the alicyclic group represented by A 2 corresponds to a monovalent alicyclic group.
- Examples of the aromatic group represented by A 2 include an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the aromatic ring constituting the aromatic group represented by A 2 may have either a monocyclic structure or a polycyclic structure.
- the substituent that the aromatic group represented by A 2 may have is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the groups exemplified by the above-mentioned Substituent T.
- the substituent that the aromatic group represented by A 2 may have is an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, or , A carboxyl group is preferable, and an alkoxy group or an alkoxycarbonyl group is more preferable.
- the alicyclics constituting the alicyclic group may have either a monocyclic structure or a polycyclic structure.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic group represented by A 2 is not particularly limited, but 3 to 10 is preferable because the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the substituent that the alicyclic group represented by A 2 may have is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the groups exemplified by the above-mentioned Substituent T.
- the alicyclic group represented by A 2 is not particularly limited, but for example, a cycloalkyl group such as a cyclohexyl group, a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group. Can be mentioned.
- an aromatic group which may have a substituent is preferable, an aryl group which may have a substituent is more preferable, and a substituent is more preferable.
- a phenyl group which may have a phenyl group is more preferable.
- R 1 , R 2, A 1 and, Z is, R 1 in the general formula (C-1), R 2 , A 1, and, and Z It has the same meaning, and the preferable range is also the same.
- L 2 represents a single bond or -L 3- A 3- **. ** represents the connection position with Z.
- L 3 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group represented by L 3 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the groups exemplified by the divalent linking group represented by L 1.
- a 3 represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent or an alicyclic group which may have a substituent.
- Aromatic group represented by A 3 corresponds to a divalent aromatic group.
- Alicyclic group represented by A 3 corresponds to a divalent alicyclic group.
- Aromatic ring constituting the aromatic group represented by A 3 is a monocyclic structure, and may be any of a polycyclic structure.
- aromatic group represented by A 3 it is not particularly limited substituent which may have, for example, the groups exemplified in substituent group T described above.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic group represented by A 3 is not particularly limited, in terms of the effect of the present invention is more excellent, preferably 3-10.
- alicyclic group represented by A 3 it is not particularly limited substituent which may have, for example, the groups exemplified in substituent group T described above. Among them, a single bond is preferable as L 2 in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.
- the monovalent substituent represented by R 3 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the groups exemplified by the above-mentioned substituent T. Among them, in terms of the effect of the present invention is more excellent, as the R 3, which may have a substituent alkyl group which may have a substituent aromatic group, or has a substituent.
- the alicyclic group which may be present is preferable, the aromatic group which may have a substituent, or the alicyclic group which may have a substituent is more preferable, and the alicyclic group which may have a substituent may be present.
- a cycloalkyl group which may have an aryl group or a substituent is further preferable.
- the specific compound can be synthesized by a known method.
- the specific compound may be R-form, S-form, or a mixture of R-form and S-form. Specific examples of the specific compound are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the specific compound can be applied to various uses and is preferably used as a so-called chiral compound.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal phase can be formed by using a liquid crystal composition obtained by mixing a specific compound and a liquid crystal compound.
- the liquid crystal composition of the present invention hereinafter, also referred to as “specific liquid crystal composition” will be described in detail.
- the specific liquid crystal composition includes a specific compound and a liquid crystal compound.
- various components essential or optionally contained in the specific liquid crystal composition will be described.
- the specific liquid crystal composition contains a specific compound.
- the specific compound is as described above.
- the content of the specific compound in the specific liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, based on the total mass of the liquid crystal compound in the specific liquid crystal composition. % Is more preferable, and 1.0 to 10% by mass is further preferable.
- the specific liquid crystal composition one specific compound may be used alone, or two or more specific compounds may be used. When two or more kinds are used, it is preferable that the total content is within the above range.
- the specific liquid crystal composition contains a liquid crystal compound.
- the liquid crystal compound is a compound other than the specific compound and means a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity.
- the "liquid crystal-forming compound” is intended to have a property of expressing an intermediate phase between a crystalline phase (low temperature side) and an isotropic phase (high temperature side) when the temperature is changed. do.
- the optical anisotropy and fluidity derived from the liquid crystal phase can be confirmed by observing the compound under a polarizing microscope while heating or lowering the temperature of the compound with a hot stage system FP90 manufactured by Metertredo. ..
- the liquid crystal compound is not particularly limited as long as it has a liquid crystal property, and examples thereof include a rod-shaped nematic liquid crystal compound.
- the rod-shaped nematic liquid crystal compound include azomethines, azoxys, cyanobiphenyls, cyanophenyl esters, benzoic acid esters, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid phenyl esters, cyanophenylcyclohexanes, cyano-substituted phenylpyrimidines, and alkoxy-substituted compounds.
- examples thereof include phenylpyrimidines, phenyldioxans, trans, and alkenylcyclohexylbenzonitriles. Not only low molecular weight liquid crystal compounds but also high molecular weight liquid crystal compounds can be used.
- the liquid crystal compound may be polymerizable or non-polymerizable, and is preferably polymerizable.
- a liquid crystal compound having one or more polymerizable groups is preferable, and a liquid crystal compound having two or more polymerizable groups is more preferable, because the cholesteric liquid crystal phase can be fixed. Liquid crystal compounds having a group are more preferable.
- Rod-shaped liquid crystal compounds having no polymerizable group are described in various documents (for example, Y. Goto et.al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, Vol. 260, pp.23-28). be.
- the polymerizable rod-shaped liquid crystal compound is obtained by introducing a polymerizable group into the rod-shaped liquid crystal compound.
- the polymerizable group include an unsaturated polymerizable group, an epoxy group, and an aziridinyl group, and an unsaturated polymerizable group is preferable, and an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group is more preferable.
- the polymerizable group can be introduced into the molecule of the rod-shaped liquid crystal compound by various methods.
- the number of polymerizable groups contained in the polymerizable rod-shaped liquid crystal compound is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3, and even more preferably 2.
- Two or more kinds of polymerizable rod-shaped liquid crystal compounds may be used in combination. When two or more kinds of polymerizable rod-shaped liquid crystal compounds are used in combination, the orientation temperature can be lowered.
- the liquid crystal compound is preferably a compound represented by the general formula (LC).
- P 11 and P 12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group. However, at least one of P 11 and P 12 represents a polymerizable group.
- L 11 and L 12 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- a 11 to A 15 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- Z 11 to Z 14 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- m 3 and m 4 independently represent an integer of 0 or 1, respectively.
- the polymerizable group represented by P 11 and P 12 is not particularly limited, but for example, the polymerizable group represented by the general formulas (P-1) to (P-20) described above. Can be mentioned.
- the polymerizable groups represented by P 11 and P 12 represent the above-mentioned general formulas (P-1) to (P-20), * in the general formulas (P-1) to (P-20). Represents the bonding position with L 11 or L 12.
- P 11 and P 12 is preferably representative of at least one one of polymerizable group, and more preferably both P 11 and P 12 represents a polymerizable group.
- the divalent linking group represented by L 11 and L 12 is not particularly limited, and for example, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and carbon.
- a linear or branched alkylene group of the number 1 to 20 one or more -CH 2- is -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N (CH 3 )-, -CO.
- Examples include linking groups selected from the group consisting of groups substituted with ⁇ or —COO ⁇ .
- the divalent linking group represented by L 11 and L 12 one or two or more -CH 2- in a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is -O-. Groups substituted with are preferred.
- a 11 to A 15 each independently have an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Represents.
- the number of ring members of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group is preferably 5 to 10.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group may have either a monocyclic structure or a polycyclic structure.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aromatic hydrocarbon ring is preferably 6 to 18, and more preferably 6 to 10.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a benzene ring, a biphenyl ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a phenanthrene ring, and a fluorene ring. Of these, the benzene ring is preferable as the aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group is formed by removing two hydrogen atoms on the ring of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
- the number of ring members of the aromatic heterocyclic group is preferably 5 to 10.
- the aromatic heterocycle constituting the aromatic heterocyclic group may have either a monocyclic structure or a polycyclic structure.
- the hetero atom contained in the aromatic heterocyclic group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- the aromatic heterocycle preferably has 5 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic heterocycle is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a triazine ring, a thiophene ring, a thiazole ring, and an imidazole ring.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group is formed by removing two hydrogen atoms on the ring of the aromatic heterocycle.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and the aromatic heterocyclic group may have a substituent.
- the type of the substituent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known substituents.
- the above-mentioned substituent is not particularly limited, and for example, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonamide group, an N-sulfonylamide group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, a cyano group, and the like.
- Examples thereof include a nitro group and an alkoxycarbonyl group.
- Each of the above groups may be further substituted with a substituent.
- the hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- the number of substituents is not particularly limited, and the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and the aromatic heterocyclic group may have one substituent or may have a plurality of substituents. good.
- the substituent is preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a fluoroalkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an alkyl group in that the solubility of the compound represented by the general formula (LC) is further improved.
- the fluoroalkyl group is a group in which at least one hydrogen atom in the alkyl group is substituted with a fluorine atom, and it is preferable that all hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom (so-called perfluoroalkyl group). preferable).
- an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group which may have a substituent is preferable, and a phenylene group bonded at the 1-position and the 4-position is more preferable.
- the divalent linking group represented by Z 11 to Z 14 is not particularly limited, and for example, a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group (linear, branched chain, and cyclic) is used. Any of them may be used, and the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 20, and examples thereof include an alkylene group. In addition, an alkaneylene group or an alkynylene group may be used), —O—,.
- RC represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms).
- the hydrogen atom in the divalent linking group may be substituted with another substituent such as a halogen atom.
- m 3 and m 4 independently represent an integer of 0 or 1, and 0 is preferable.
- the compound represented by the general formula (LC) can be synthesized by a known method. Specific examples of the compound represented by the above general formula (LC) are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the content of the liquid crystal compound in the specific liquid crystal composition is preferably 5 to 99% by mass, more preferably 25 to 99% by mass, and further preferably 75 to 99% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the specific liquid crystal composition.
- the solid content is intended to be a component other than the solvent in the specific liquid crystal composition. If it is not a solvent, even if it is a liquid component, it is regarded as a solid content.
- the specific liquid crystal composition one liquid crystal compound may be used alone, or two or more liquid crystal compounds may be used. When two or more kinds are used, it is preferable that the total content is within the above range.
- the specific liquid crystal composition may contain a surfactant that contributes to the formation of a stable or rapid liquid crystal phase (eg, nematic liquid crystal phase, cholesteric liquid crystal phase).
- a surfactant for example, the compound described in paragraphs 0020 to 0031 of JP2013-047204 (Patent No. 5774518), the fluorine-containing (meth) acrylate-based polymer, and the general formula (X1) described in WO2011 / 162291. )-(X3), and compounds represented by the general formula (I) described in paragraphs 802 to 0090 of JP2014-119605.
- horizontal orientation means the molecular axis of the liquid crystal compound (when the liquid crystal compound is a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound, it corresponds to the long axis of the liquid crystal compound) and the surface of the layer of the composition (although it means that the liquid crystal surfaces are parallel, it does not require that they are strictly parallel, and in the present specification, it means an orientation in which the inclination angle formed with the liquid crystal surface is less than 20 degrees.
- the spiral axis deviates from the normal of the film surface, resulting in a decrease in reflectance or a finger. It is not preferable because a print pattern is generated and haze is increased or diffractivity is exhibited.
- fluorine-containing (meth) acrylate-based polymer that can be used as a surfactant include the polymers described in paragraphs 0018 to 0043 of JP-A-2007-272185.
- the content of the surfactant is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.001 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass, based on the total mass of the liquid crystal compound. % Is more preferable.
- the specific liquid crystal composition one type of surfactant may be used alone, or two or more types may be used. When two or more kinds are used, it is preferable that the total content is within the above range.
- the specific liquid crystal composition may contain a solvent.
- the solvent preferably can dissolve each component of the composition.
- the solvent include methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and a mixed solvent thereof. Among them, the solvent is preferably methyl ethyl ketone because the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the specific liquid crystal composition contains a solvent, the content of the solvent in the specific liquid crystal composition is preferably an amount having a solid content concentration of 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 10 to 40% by mass. preferable.
- one kind of solvent may be used alone, or two or more kinds of solvents may be used. When two or more kinds are used, it is preferable that the total content is within the above range.
- the specific liquid crystal composition includes a polymerization initiator, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a sensitizer, a stabilizer, a plasticizer, a chain transfer agent, a polymerization inhibitor, a defoaming agent, a leveling agent, and a thickening agent. It may contain agents, flame retardants, dispersants, polymerizable monomers, and other additives such as colorants such as dyes and pigments.
- the specific liquid crystal composition may contain a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator include a photopolymerization initiator and a thermal polymerization initiator. Of these, a photopolymerization initiator capable of initiating a polymerization reaction by irradiation with ultraviolet rays is preferable.
- the photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alkylphenone compounds, ⁇ -carbonyl compounds, acidoin ethers, ⁇ -hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic acidoine compounds, polynuclear quinone compounds, phenazine compounds, and oxadiazole compounds. Be done.
- the alkylphenone compound for example, IRGACURE 907 is used.
- the content of the polymerization initiator in the specific liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the liquid crystal compound. More preferably, 1 to 8% by mass.
- the specific liquid crystal composition one type of polymerization initiator may be used alone, or two or more types may be used. When two or more kinds are used, it is preferable that the total content is within the above range.
- the specific liquid crystal composition may be cured.
- the method for curing (polymerizing and curing) the specific liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted.
- the liquid crystal compound can be immobilized in an oriented state, and a so-called optically anisotropic substance or a layer formed by immobilizing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase can be formed.
- Step X is a step of bringing the substrate into contact with the specific liquid crystal composition to form a composition layer on the substrate.
- the substrate used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known substrates (for example, resin substrates, glass substrates, ceramic substrates, semiconductor substrates, and metal substrates).
- the method of bringing the substrate into contact with the specific liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of applying the specific liquid crystal composition on the substrate and a method of immersing the substrate in the specific liquid crystal composition.
- a drying treatment may be carried out in order to remove the solvent from the composition layer on the substrate, if necessary. Further, heat treatment may be carried out in order to promote the orientation of the liquid crystal compound and bring it into the state of the liquid crystal phase.
- Step Y is a step of exposing the composition layer to an exposure process using a wavelength of 315 nm, an i-line (wavelength of 365 nm), or the like. It is preferable that the specific compound undergoes photoisomerization by the exposure treatment and the HTP thereof changes. In this exposure process, the degree of change in HTP can also be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the exposure amount and / or the exposure wavelength and the like. After the exposure, heat treatment may be further carried out in order to further promote the orientation of the liquid crystal compound and bring it into the state of the liquid crystal phase.
- the spiral pitch (and thus the selective reflection wavelength, etc.) of the liquid crystal phase obtained here reflects the HTP adjusted in the above-mentioned exposure process.
- Step Z is a step of applying a hardening treatment to the composition layer that has undergone the step Y.
- the method of the curing treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a photocuring treatment and a thermosetting treatment. Of these, photocuring treatment is preferable.
- the specific liquid crystal composition preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator.
- the wavelength of the light irradiated in the photocuring treatment is preferably different from the wavelength of the light used in the above-mentioned exposure treatment, and the photopolymerization initiator is sensitive to the wavelength of the light used in the exposure treatment. It is preferable not to show.
- a layer formed by immobilizing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is formed.
- the layer formed by immobilizing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase no longer needs to exhibit liquid crystallinity. More specifically, for example, the state in which the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is "immobilized” is the most typical and preferable mode in which the orientation of the liquid crystal compound which is the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is maintained. More specifically, in the temperature range of 0 to 50 ° C., usually 0 to 50 ° C., and -30 to 70 ° C. under more severe conditions, the layer has no fluidity, and the orientation morphology is not changed by an external field or an external force. , It is preferable that the fixed orientation form can be kept stable.
- the specific liquid crystal composition can be applied to various uses. For example, using a specific liquid crystal composition, a polarizing element, a reflective film (reflective layer), an antireflection film, a viewing angle compensation film, a holography, a security, a sensor, and a mirror for real image projection (front projection), which are constituent elements of an optical element, are used. , Rear projection), virtual image projection mirror, decorative sheet, heat shield sheet, light shield sheet, screen, optical variant, alignment film, etc. can be formed.
- a cured product can be obtained by subjecting the specific liquid crystal composition to a curing treatment (light irradiation treatment, heat treatment, etc.), and the cured product is a component of the optical element.
- Polarizing element, reflective film (reflective layer), antireflection film, viewing angle compensation film, holography, security, sensor, real image projection mirror (front projection, rear projection), virtual image projection mirror, decorative sheet, shield It can be suitably applied to a heat sheet, a light-shielding sheet, a screen, an optical variant, an alignment film, and the like.
- the optical anisotropy is intended to be a substance having optical anisotropy.
- the reflective film corresponds to a layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and can reflect light in a predetermined reflection band.
- Compound CD-8 was synthesized in the same procedure as in [Synthesis of compound CD-1] except that malonic acid was used instead of cyanoacetic acid.
- Surfactant S-1 is a compound described in Japanese Patent No. 5774518 and has the following structure. * Represents the bond position.
- a polyimide alignment film material SE-130 (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was applied onto the washed glass substrate to form a coating film.
- the obtained coating film was fired and then subjected to a rubbing treatment to prepare a substrate with an alignment film.
- the liquid crystal composition (30 ⁇ L) was spin-coated on the rubbing-treated surface of the alignment film under the conditions of 1500 rpm and 10 seconds, and the obtained coating film was heat-dried at 90 ° C. for 1 minute to dry the liquid crystal layer of Example 1.
- 1 (cholesteric liquid crystal layer) film thickness: 1.0 ⁇ m) was obtained.
- HTP before exposure 1 / ⁇ (360 / twist angle (°)) ⁇ film thickness ( ⁇ m) ⁇ (total addition concentration (mass%) of compound CD-1 in the liquid crystal layer ) / 100) ⁇
- the obtained pre-exposure HTP was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
- C HTP before exposure is less than 30 ⁇ m -1
- HTP change amount ( ⁇ m -1 )
- the obtained amount of change in HTP was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
- ⁇ HTP saturation rate> The liquid crystal layer 1 after being exposed for 1 second with the above ⁇ HTP change amount> is further exposed to light having a wavelength of 365 nm for 4 seconds with an illuminance of 30 mW / cm 2 (exposure for a total of 5 seconds), and then the formula (1). ) was used to calculate the HTP after exposure for 5 seconds, and the HTP saturation rate was calculated according to the following formula (3).
- HTP saturation rate (%) ⁇
- the obtained HTP saturation rate was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
- Liquid crystal layers 2 to 10 were prepared and evaluated in various ways in the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the chiral compounds shown in Table 1 were used instead of the compound CD-1.
- Example 8 to 13 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5 The liquid crystal layer 11 to the liquid crystal layer 11 to the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the chiral compound shown in Table 2 was used instead of the compound CD-1 and the light having a wavelength of 315 nm was exposed instead of the light having a wavelength of 360 nm. 18 was prepared and evaluated in various ways.
- Liquid crystal layers 19 to 22 were prepared and evaluated in various ways in the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the chiral compounds shown in Table 3 were used instead of the compound CD-1.
- Examples 16 to 17 and Comparative Examples 8 to 9 The liquid crystal layer 23 to the liquid crystal layer 23 to the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the chiral compound shown in Table 3 was used instead of the compound CD-1 and the light was exposed to light having a wavelength of 315 nm instead of light having a wavelength of 360 nm. 26 was prepared and evaluated in various ways.
- Liquid crystal layers 27 to 28 were prepared and evaluated in various ways in the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the chiral compounds shown in Table 4 were used instead of the compound CD-1.
- R in Tables 1 to 4 represents a coupling position.
- the “Y” column in Table 1 indicates whether Y represents a group represented by the general formula (C-1) or a group represented by the general formula (C-2).
- the columns “L 1 “, “R 1 “, “Z”, and “A 2 " represent the groups corresponding to each group in the general formula (C-1).
- the columns “L 1 or L 2 ", “R 1 “, “Z”, and “A 2 or R 3 " correspond to each group in the general formula (C-1) or the general formula (C-2). Represents a group to do.
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Abstract
Description
一般的に、コレステリック液晶相は、ネマチック液晶にキラル化合物を添加することにより形成される。
例えば、特許文献1には、液晶性化合物に対する螺旋捻じり力(HTP:Helical twisting power)を有するキラル化合物が開示されている。特許文献1に記載のキラル化合物は、感光性を有し、光照射によってHTPが変化する。
また、感光性のキラル化合物には、露光時にHTPが変化しやすいことも求められている。具体的には、少ない露光量で、素早くHTPが変化して、HTPの変化が飽和点に達しやすいことが求められている。以下、本明細書では、少ない露光量で、キラル化合物のHTPの変化が飽和点に達しやすいことを、HTP飽和率に優れるという。
また、本発明は、上記化合物を含む液晶組成物を提供することを課題とする。
(2) Gが後述する一般式(B-1)で表される基を表す、(1)に記載の化合物。
(3) Yが後述する一般式(C-1)で表される基を表す、(1)又は(2)に記載の化合物。
(4) Yが後述する一般式(C-1)で表される基を表し、
一般式(C-1)で表される基中のL1が単結合を表す、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の化合物。
(5) Yが後述する一般式(C-1)で表される基を表し、
一般式(C-1)で表される基中のZが単結合又は-COO-を表す、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の化合物。
(6) Yが後述する一般式(C-1)で表される基を表し、
一般式(C-1)で表される基中のA2が置換基を有していてもよい芳香族基を表す、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の化合物。
(7) Yが後述する一般式(C-1)で表される基を表し、
一般式(C-1)で表される基中、R1は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、-CN、-COR、-POR2、-SOR、-SO2R、又は、-NO2を表し、Rはそれぞれ独立に1価の置換基を表す、(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の化合物。
(8) (1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の化合物、及び、液晶性化合物を含む、液晶組成物。
また、本発明によれば、上記化合物を含む液晶組成物を提供できる。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に制限されるものではない。
なお、本明細書において、「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値及び上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
また、本明細書において、「(メタ)アクリレート」とは、アクリレート及びメタクリレートの両方を表す表記である。
(置換基T)
置換基Tとしては、例えば、ハロゲン原子(フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、及び、ヨウ素原子等)、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、ヘテロ環基、シアノ基、水酸基、ニトロ基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、シリルオキシ基、ヘテロ環オキシ基、アシルオキシ基、カルバモイルオキシ基、アミノ基(アルキルアミノ基、及び、アニリノ基を含む)、アシルアミノ基、アミノカルボニルアミノ基、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ基、アリールオキシカルボニルアミノ基、スルファモイルアミノ基、アルキル又はアリールスルホニルアミノ基、メルカプト基、アルキルチオ基、アリールチオ基、ヘテロ環チオ基、スルファモイル基、スルホ基、アルキル又はアリールスルフィニル基、アルキル又はアリールスルホニル基、アシル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルバモイル基、アリール又はヘテロ環アゾ基、イミド基、ホスフィノ基、ホスフィニル基、ホスフィニルオキシ基、ホスフィニルアミノ基、シリル基、及び、重合性基を含む基(例えば、好適な具体例として、以下の一般式(T)で表される基等)が挙げられる。
一般式(T)中、LTは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。PTは、後述する一般式(P-1)~(P-20)で表される重合性基のいずれかを表す。
LTで表される2価の連結基としては、特に制限されないが、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアルキレン基が好ましく、酸素原子を含んでいてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキレン基がより好ましく、酸素原子を含んでいてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキレン基が更に好ましい。
一般式(A)で表される化合物(以下、「特定化合物」ともいう。)の特徴点としては、Gとして一般式(B-1)で表される基又は一般式(B-2)で表される基を選択し、Yとして一般式(C-1)で表される基又は一般式(C-2)で表される基を選択することが挙げられる。
一般に、感光性のキラル化合物は、紫外線等のエネルギー照射を受けると、側鎖が互いに異なる側となるように光異性化して構造変化を生じ得る。特定化合物は、G及びYで表される基を有するために、光異性化による構造変化が大きく、優れたHTPの変化量が達成されていると推測される。また、特定化合物は、少ない露光量でも、素早くHTPが変化して、HTPの変化が飽和点に達しやすく、HTP飽和率に優れる。
以下、特定化合物について詳述する。
なかでも、HTP変化量により優れる点、及び、HTP飽和率により優れる点の少なくとも一方の効果が得られる点(以下、「本発明の効果がより優れる点」ともいう。)で、Gとしては、一般式(B-1)で表される基が好ましい。Gが一般式(B-2)で表される基である場合、2つのXが互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
式中、*は結合位置を表す。
Xで表される1価の置換基は特に制限されないが、例えば、上述した置換基Tで例示した基が挙げられる。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、Xとしては水素原子が好ましい。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、Yとしては一般式(C-1)で表される基が好ましい。
式中、*は結合位置を表す。
L1で表される2価の連結基は特に制限されないが、例えば、2価の芳香族炭化水素基(炭素数1~15が好ましく、例えば、フェニレン基、ナフチレン基、アントラセニレン基、及び、ビフェニレン基が挙げられる。)、2価の脂肪族炭化水素基(直鎖状、分岐鎖状、及び、環状のいずれであってもよく、炭素数1~10が好ましく、例えば、アルキレン基、アルケニレン基、及び、アルキニレン基が挙げられる。)、-O-、-S-、-SO2-、-NRA-、-CO-、-N=N-、-CH=N-、及び、これらを2種以上組み合わせた基が挙げられる。なお、RAは、水素原子又はアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~5)を表す。
なお、上記2価の連結基中の水素原子は、更に置換基で置換されていてもよい。
R1及びR2で表される1価の置換基は特に制限されないが、例えば、上述した置換基Tで例示した基が挙げられる。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、R1としては、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、-CN、-COR、-POR2、-SOR、-SO2R、又は、-NO2が好ましく、水素原子又は-CNがより好ましい。
なお、Rは、それぞれ独立に、1価の置換基を表す。Rで表される1価の置換基は特に制限されないが、例えば、上述した置換基Tで例示した基が挙げられる。
また、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、R2としては水素原子が好ましい。
A1で表される芳香族基としては、芳香族炭化水素環基、及び、芳香族複素環基が挙げられる。
A1で表される芳香族基を構成する芳香族環は、単環構造、及び、多環構造のいずれであってもよい。
A1で表される芳香族基が有していてもよい置換基は特に制限されないが、例えば、上述した置換基Tで例示した基が挙げられる。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、A1として、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基が好ましく、無置換のアリーレン基がより好ましく、フェニレン基、又は、ナフチレン基が更に好ましい。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、Zとしては、単結合、又は、-COO-が好ましく、単結合がより好ましい。
A2で表される芳香族基としては、芳香族炭化水素環基、及び、芳香族複素環基が挙げられる。
A2で表される芳香族基を構成する芳香族環は、単環構造、及び、多環構造のいずれであってもよい。
A2で表される芳香族基が有していてもよい置換基は特に制限されないが、例えば、上述した置換基Tで例示した基が挙げられる。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、A2で表される芳香族基が有していてもよい置換基としては、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シアノ基、水酸基、ニトロ基、又は、カルボキシル基が好ましく、アルコキシ基、又は、アルコキシカルボニル基がより好ましい。
A2で表される脂環基の炭素数は特に制限されないが、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、3~10が好ましい。
A2で表される脂環基が有していてもよい置換基は特に制限されないが、例えば、上述した置換基Tで例示した基が挙げられる。
A2で表される脂環基は特に制限されないが、例えば、シクロヘキシル基等のシクロアルキル基、ノルボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基が挙げられる。
L3は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。L3で表される2価の連結基としては特に制限されないが、L1で表される2価の連結基で例示した基が挙げられる。
A3は、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族基、又は、置換基を有していてもよい脂環基を表す。A3で表される芳香族基は、2価の芳香族基に該当する。A3で表される脂環基は、2価の脂環基に該当する。
A3で表される芳香族基を構成する芳香族環は、単環構造、及び、多環構造のいずれであってもよい。
A3で表される芳香族基が有していてもよい置換基は特に制限されないが、例えば、上述した置換基Tで例示した基が挙げられる。
A3で表される脂環基の炭素数は特に制限されないが、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、3~10が好ましい。
A3で表される脂環基が有していてもよい置換基は特に制限されないが、例えば、上述した置換基Tで例示した基が挙げられる。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、L2としては単結合が好ましい。
R3で表される1価の置換基は特に制限されないが、例えば、上述した置換基Tで例示した基が挙げられる。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、R3としては、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族基、又は、置換基を有していてもよい脂環基が好ましく、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族基、又は、置換基を有していてもよい脂環基がより好ましく、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、又は、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基が更に好ましい。
なお、特定化合物は、R体であってもよく、S体であってもよく、R体とS体との混合物であってもよい。
以下に、特定化合物の具体例を示すが、これに制限されるものではない。
以下では、本発明の液晶組成物(以下、「特定液晶組成物」ともいう。)について詳述する。
特定液晶組成物は、特定化合物、及び、液晶性化合物を含む。
以下に、特定液晶組成物に必須又は任意で含まれる各種成分について説明する。
特定液晶組成物は、特定化合物を含む。特定化合物は、上述した通りである。
特定液晶組成物中での特定化合物の含有量は特に制限されないが、特定液晶組成物中の液晶性化合物の全質量に対して、0.1~20質量%が好ましく、0.5~15質量%がより好ましく、1.0~10質量%が更に好ましい。
特定液晶組成物は、特定化合物を1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上使用してもよい。2種以上使用する場合は、その合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
特定液晶組成物は、液晶性化合物を含む。なお、液晶性化合物は、特定化合物以外の化合物であり、且つ、液晶性を示す化合物を意味する。
また、「液晶性を示す化合物」とは、温度を変化させたときに、結晶相(低温側)と等方相(高温側)の間に中間相を発現する性質を化合物が有することを意図する。具体的な観察方法としては、メトラートレド社製ホットステージシステムFP90等で化合物を加熱又は降温しながら、偏光顕微鏡下で観察することで、液晶相に由来する光学異方性と流動性を確認できる。
棒状ネマチック液晶性化合物としては、例えば、アゾメチン類、アゾキシ類、シアノビフェニル類、シアノフェニルエステル類、安息香酸エステル類、シクロヘキサンカルボン酸フェニルエステル類、シアノフェニルシクロヘキサン類、シアノ置換フェニルピリミジン類、アルコキシ置換フェニルピリミジン類、フェニルジオキサン類、トラン類、及び、アルケニルシクロヘキシルベンゾニトリル類が挙げられる。なお、低分子液晶性化合物だけではなく、高分子液晶性化合物も使用できる。
液晶性化合物としては、コレステリック液晶相を固定できる点で、1つ以上の重合性基を有する液晶性化合物が好ましく、2つ以上の重合性基を有する液晶性化合物がより好ましく、2つの重合性基を有する液晶性化合物が更に好ましい。
一方、重合性棒状液晶性化合物は、重合性基を棒状液晶性化合物に導入することで得られる。重合性基としては、不飽和重合性基、エポキシ基、及び、アジリジニル基が挙げられ、不飽和重合性基が好ましく、エチレン性不飽和重合性基がより好ましい。重合性基は種々の方法で、棒状液晶性化合物の分子中に導入できる。重合性棒状液晶性化合物が有する重合性基の個数は、1~6が好ましく、1~3がより好ましく、2が更に好ましい。2種類以上の重合性棒状液晶性化合物を併用してもよい。2種類以上の重合性棒状液晶性化合物を併用すると、配向温度を低下させることができる。
芳香族炭化水素環基を構成する芳香族炭化水素環は、単環構造及び多環構造のいずれであってもよい。
上記芳香族炭化水素環の炭素数は、6~18が好ましく、6~10がより好ましい。芳香族炭化水素環は特に制限されないが、例えば、ベンゼン環、ビフェニル環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環、フェナントレン環、及び、フルオレン環が挙げられる。なかでも、芳香族炭化水素環としては、ベンゼン環が好ましい。なお、芳香族炭化水素環基は、上記芳香族炭化水素環の環上の水素原子が2つ除かれることにより構成される。
芳香族複素環基を構成する芳香族複素環は、単環構造及び多環構造のいずれであってもよい。
上記芳香族複素環基が含むヘテロ原子は特に制限されないが、例えば、窒素原子、酸素原子、及び、硫黄原子が挙げられる。芳香族複素環の炭素数は、5~18が好ましい。
上記芳香族複素環は特に制限されないが、例えば、ピリジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジン環、ピラジン環、トリアジン環、チオフェン環、チアゾール環、及び、イミダゾール環が挙げられる。なお、芳香族複素環基は、上記芳香族複素環の環上の水素原子が2つ除かれることにより構成される。
芳香族炭化水素環基、及び、芳香族複素環基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基の種類は特に制限されず、公知の置換基が挙げられる。上記置換基は特に制限されないが、例えば、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリール基、水酸基、アミノ基、カルボキシル基、スルホンアミド基、N-スルホニルアミド基、アシル基、アシルオキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、及び、アルコキシカルボニル基が挙げられる。上記各基は、更に置換基で置換されていてもよい。例えば、アルキル基中の水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。また、置換基の数は特に制限されず、芳香族炭化水素環基、及び、芳香族複素環基は1つの置換基を有していてもよいし、複数の置換基を有していてもよい。
なかでも、一般式(LC)で表される化合物の溶解性がより向上する点で、置換基が、フッ素原子、塩素原子、フルオロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、又は、アルキル基であることが好ましく、フルオロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、又は、アルキル基であることがより好ましい。
上記フルオロアルキル基及びアルキル基中の炭素数、並びに、アルコキシ基中のアルキル基の炭素数は特に制限されないが、1~10が好ましく、1~5がより好ましく、1~3が更に好ましく、1が特に好ましい。
なお、フルオロアルキル基とは、アルキル基中の少なくとも1つの水素原子がフッ素原子で置換された基であり、全ての水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されていることが好ましい(いわゆる、ペルフルオロアルキル基が好ましい)。
なかでも、Z11~Z14としては、-COO-、又は、-CH=CH-が好ましい。
以下に、上記一般式(LC)で表される化合物の具体例を示すが、これに制限されるものではない。
なお、固形分とは、特定液晶組成物中の溶剤以外の成分を意図する。溶剤以外であれば、その性状が液体状の成分であっても固形分とみなす。
特定液晶組成物は、液晶性化合物を1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上使用してもよい。2種以上使用する場合は、その合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
特定液晶組成物は、安定的又は迅速な液晶相(例えば、ネマチック液晶相、コレステリック液晶相)の形成に寄与する界面活性剤を含んでいてもよい。
界面活性剤としては、例えば、特開2013-047204号(特許第5774518号)の段落0020~0031に記載の化合物、含フッ素(メタ)アクリレート系ポリマー、WO2011/162291号に記載の一般式(X1)~(X3)で表される化合物、及び、特開2014-119605号の段落0082~0090に記載の一般式(I)で表される化合物が挙げられる。これらの化合物は、層の空気界面において、液晶性化合物の分子のチルト角を低減させる、又は、液晶性化合物を実質的に水平配向させることができる。
なお、本明細書で「水平配向」とは、液晶性化合物の分子軸(液晶性化合物が棒状液晶性化合物である場合、液晶性化合物の長軸に該当。)と組成物の層の表面(膜面)が平行であることをいうが、厳密に平行であることを要求するものではなく、本明細書では、膜面とのなす傾斜角が20度未満の配向を意味するものとする。液晶性化合物が空気界面付近で水平配向する場合、配向欠陥が生じ難いため、可視光領域での透明性が高くなる。一方、液晶性化合物の分子が膜面に対して大きなチルト角で配向すると、例えば、コレステリック液晶相とする場合は、その螺旋軸が膜面法線からずれるため、反射率が低下したり、フィンガープリントパターンが発生し、ヘイズの増大又は回折性を示したりするため好ましくない。
界面活性剤として利用可能な含フッ素(メタ)アクリレート系ポリマーとしては、特開2007-272185号の段落0018~0043に記載されるポリマーも挙げられる。
特定液晶組成物が界面活性剤を含む場合、界面活性剤の含有量は特に制限されないが、液晶性化合物の全質量に対して、0.001~10質量%が好ましく、0.05~3質量%がより好ましい。
特定液晶組成物は、界面活性剤を1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上使用してもよい。2種以上使用する場合は、その合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
特定液晶組成物は、溶剤を含んでいてもよい。溶剤は、組成物の各成分を溶解できることが好ましい。溶剤としては、例えば、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、及び、これらの混合溶剤が挙げられる。なかでも、溶剤は、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、メチルエチルケトンが好ましい。
特定液晶組成物が溶剤を含む場合、特定液晶組成物中の溶剤の含有量は、組成物の固形分濃度を5~50質量%とする量が好ましく、10~40質量%とする量がより好ましい。
特定液晶組成物は、溶剤を1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上使用してもよい。2種以上使用する場合は、その合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
上記以外にも、特定液晶組成物は、重合開始剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、増感剤、安定剤、可塑剤、連鎖移動剤、重合禁止剤、消泡剤、レベリング剤、増粘剤、難燃剤、分散剤、重合性モノマー、並びに、染料及び顔料等の色材等の他の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。
特定液晶組成物は、重合開始剤を含んでもよい。
重合開始剤としては、光重合開始剤、及び、熱重合開始剤が挙げられる。
なかでも、紫外線照射によって重合反応を開始可能な光重合開始剤が好ましい。光重合開始剤は特に制限されないが、例えば、アルキルフェノン化合物、α-カルボニル化合物、アシロインエーテル、α-炭化水素置換芳香族アシロイン化合物、多核キノン化合物、フェナジン化合物、及び、オキサジアゾール化合物が挙げられる。アルキルフェノン化合物としては、例えば、IRGACURE 907が用いられる。
特定液晶組成物が重合開始剤を含む場合、特定液晶組成物中での重合開始剤の含有量は特に制限されないが、液晶性化合物の全質量に対して、0.1~20質量%が好ましく、1~8質量%がより好ましい。
特定液晶組成物は、重合開始剤を1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上使用してもよい。2種以上使用する場合は、その合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
本発明は、特定液晶組成物を硬化させてもよい。
特定液晶組成物を硬化(重合硬化)する方法は特に制限されず、公知の方法を採用できる。例えば、所定の基板と特定液晶組成物とを接触させて、基板上に組成物層を形成する工程Xと、組成物層に露光を行う工程Yと、組成物層に硬化処理を施す工程Zとを有する態様が挙げられる。
本態様によれば、液晶性化合物を配向させた状態で固定化することができ、いわゆる光学異方体、又は、コレステリック液晶相を固定化してなる層を形成できる。
基板と特定液晶組成物とを接触させる方法は特に制限されず、例えば、基板上に特定液晶組成物を塗布する方法、及び、特定液晶組成物中に基板を浸漬する方法が挙げられる。
なお、基板と特定液晶組成物とを接触させた後、必要に応じて、基板上の組成物層から溶剤を除去するために、乾燥処理を実施してもよい。また、液晶性化合物の配向を促し液晶相の状態とするために、加熱処理を実施してもよい。
特定化合物は、露光処理によって光異性化を生じ、そのHTPに変化が生じることが好ましい。この露光処理において、露光量及び/又は露光波長等を適宜調整することで、HTPの変化の程度も調整できる。
露光後は、更に、液晶性化合物の配向を促し液晶相の状態とするために、加熱処理を実施してもよい。
ここで得られる液晶相の螺旋ピッチ(ひいては選択反射波長等)は、上述の露光処理において調整されたHTPが反映される。
硬化処理の方法は特に制限されず、例えば、光硬化処理及び熱硬化処理が挙げられる。なかでも、光硬化処理が好ましい。
硬化処理として光硬化処理を行う場合、特定液晶組成物は、光重合開始剤を含むことが好ましい。光硬化処理における照射される光の波長は、上述の露光処理に用いられた光の波長とは異なることが好ましく、また、光重合開始剤は、露光処理に用いられた光の波長に感応性を示さないことが好ましい。
特定液晶組成物は、種々の用途に適用できる。例えば、特定液晶組成物を用いて、光学素子の構成要素である、偏光素子、反射膜(反射層)、反射防止膜、視野角補償膜、ホログラフィー、セキュリティ、センサー、実像投影用ミラー(フロントプロジェクション、リアプロジェクション)、虚像投影用ミラー、加飾シート、遮熱シート、遮光シート、スクリーン、光学異方体、及び、配向膜等を形成できる。なお、例えば、液晶性化合物が重合性基を有する場合、硬化処理(光照射処理又は加熱処理等)を特定液晶組成物に施すことにより硬化物が得られ、硬化物は、光学素子の構成要素である、偏光素子、反射膜(反射層)、反射防止膜、視野角補償膜、ホログラフィー、セキュリティ、センサー、実像投影用ミラー(フロントプロジェクション、リアプロジェクション)、虚像投影用ミラー、加飾シート、遮熱シート、遮光シート、スクリーン、光学異方体、及び、配向膜等に好適に適用できる。
なお、光学異方体とは、光学異方性を有する物質を意図する。
また、反射膜とは、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる層に相当し、所定の反射帯域の光を反射できる。
以下において、特定化合物の合成方法の一例を示す。以下で例示される化合物以外の化合物は、以下の方法を参照して、合成した。
下記スキームに従って、表1に示す化合物CD-1を合成した。
次に、中間体1(0.662モル、184.9g)、アセトニトリル(887mL)、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(2.62mL)、及び、塩化チオニル(0.87モル、103.47g)を含む混合液を、60℃で1時間攪拌した。続いて、得られた混合液に、室温下、イソソルビド(0.308モル、45.0g)、ピリジン(3.079モル、248mL)、及び、メタノール(1000mL)を順次加え、目的物を含む固形物を析出させた。析出した目的物を含む固形物を濾取した後、メタノール(300mL)で洗浄した。洗浄後の固形物をカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、目的物である化合物CD-1を得た(146.8g、収率71.3質量%)。
化合物CD-1の1H NMR(重溶媒:CDCl3):δ8.19(2H、d)、8.01(4H、dd)、7.47-7.32(10H、m)、7.07(4H、dd)、5.37(2H、m)、5.16(4H、d)、5.06(1H、t)、4.65(1H、d)、4.22-4.05(3H、m)、3.98(1H、dd)
下記スキームに従って、表1に示す化合物CD-8を合成した。
イソソルビドに代えて、(R)-(+)-1,1’-ビ-2-ナフトールを用いた以外は、〔化合物CD-1の合成〕と同様の手順で化合物CD-14を合成した。
エーテル化反応、及び、〔化合物CD-1の合成〕に記載した手法を用いて、下記スキームに従って、表2に示す化合物CD-18を合成した。
アルデヒドの酸化反応、及び、〔化合物CD-1の合成〕に記載した手法を用いて、下記スキームに従って、表2に示す化合物CD-19を合成した。
〔液晶組成物の調製〕
下記に示す配合で、液晶組成物を調製した。
----------------------------------
・下記に示す液晶性化合物LC-1 :100質量部
・化合物CD-1 :1.0質量部
・下記に示す界面活性剤S-1 :0.1質量部
・溶剤(MEK(メチルエチルケトン)):組成物の固形分濃度が20質量%となる量
----------------------------------
洗浄したガラス基板上にポリイミド配向膜材料SE-130(日産化学社製)を塗布して塗膜を形成した。得られた塗膜を焼成した後、ラビング処理することにより、配向膜付き基板を作製した。
この配向膜のラビング処理面に、上記液晶組成物(30μL)を、1500rpm及び10秒間の条件でスピンコートし、得られた塗膜を90℃で1分間加熱乾燥し、実施例1の液晶層1(コレステリック液晶層)(膜厚:1.0μm)を得た。
<露光前のHTP>
上記液晶層1について、偏光・位相差解析装置(AXO METRICS社製)を用いて、液晶層1の膜厚及び捩れ角を測定した。得られた値を用いて、下記式(1)に従って、露光前のHTPを算出した。
式(1):露光前のHTP(μm-1)=1/{(360/捩れ角(°))×膜厚(μm)×(液晶層中における化合物CD-1の総添加濃度(質量%)/100)}
得られた露光前のHTPを下記の評価基準で評価した。
A:露光前のHTPが40μm-1以上
B:露光前のHTPが30μm-1以上40μm-1未満
C:露光前のHTPが30μm-1未満
液晶層1に対して、更に365nmの波長の光を30mW/cm2の照度で1秒間露光後、式(1)を用いて露光後のHTPを算出した。露光前のHTPと得られた1秒間露光後のHTPとから、下記式(2)に従ってHTPの変化量を算出した。
式(2):HTP変化量(μm-1)=|(露光前のHTP(μm-1))-(1秒間露光後のHTP(μm-1))|
得られたHTP変化量を下記の評価基準で評価した。
A:HTP変化量が35μm-1以上
B:HTP変化量が25μm-1以上35μm-1未満
C:HTP変化量が25μm-1未満
上記<HTP変化量>にて1秒間露光した後の液晶層1に対して、更に365nmの波長の光を30mW/cm2の照度で4秒間露光した後(計5秒間露光)、式(1)を用いて5秒間露光後のHTPを算出し、下記式(3)に従ってHTP飽和率を算出した。
式(3):HTP飽和率(%)={|(露光前のHTP(μm-1))-(1秒間露光後のHTP(μm-1))|}/{|(露光前のHTP(μm-1))-(5秒間露光後のHTP(μm-1))|}×100
得られたHTP飽和率を下記の評価基準で評価した。
A:HTP飽和率が95%以上
B:HTP飽和率が90%以上95%未満
C:HTP飽和率が90%未満
化合物CD-1に代えて、表1に示すキラル化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の手順で、液晶層2~10を作製して、各種評価した。
化合物CD-1に代えて、表2に示すキラル化合物を用いて、且つ、波長360nmの光の代わりに波長315nmの光を露光した以外は、実施例1と同様の手順で、液晶層11~18を作製して、各種評価した。
化合物CD-1に代えて、表3に示すキラル化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の手順で、液晶層19~22を作製して、各種評価した。
化合物CD-1に代えて、表3に示すキラル化合物を用いて、且つ、波長360nmの光の代わりに波長315nmの光で露光した以外は、実施例1と同様の手順で、液晶層23~26を作製して、各種評価した。
化合物CD-1に代えて、表4に示すキラル化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の手順で、液晶層27~28を作製して、各種評価した。
表1中の「Y」欄は、Yが一般式(C-1)で表される基、又は、一般式(C-2)で表される基のどちらを表すかを表す。
表1~3中、「L1」「R1」「Z」「A2」欄は、一般式(C-1)中の各基に該当する基を表す。
表4中、「L1又はL2」「R1」「Z」「A2又はR3」欄は、一般式(C-1)中又は一般式(C-2)中の各基に該当する基を表す。
実施例1~6の比較から、一般式(C-1)で表される基中、Zが単結合又は-COO-を表す場合、より効果が優れることが確認された。
実施例5と実施例7との比較から、一般式(C-1)で表される基中、A2が芳香族基を表す場合、より効果が優れることが確認された。
実施例1、5、8、及び、12と実施例14~17との比較から、Gが一般式(B-1)で表される基を表す場合、より効果が優れることが確認された。
実施例1と実施例18との比較から、Yが一般式(C-1)で表される基を表す場合、より効果が優れることが確認された。
実施例1と実施例19との比較から、L1が単結合を表す場合、より効果が優れることが確認された。
Claims (8)
- 一般式(A)で表される化合物。
Gは、一般式(B-1)で表される基、又は、一般式(B-2)で表される基を表す。*は結合位置を表す。
Xは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、又は、1価の置換基を表す。Gが一般式(B-2)で表される基である場合、2つのXが互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
Yは、それぞれ独立に、一般式(C-1)で表される基、又は、一般式(C-2)で表される基を表す。
L1は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、又は、2価の連結基を表す。
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、又は、1価の置換基を表す。
A1は、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族基を表す。
Zは、-CH2-が-CO-若しくは-O-に置換されていてもよい-(CH2)4-、単結合、-(CH2)2-、-COO-、又は、-CH2O-を表す。
A2は、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族基、又は、置換基を有していてもよい脂環基を表す。
L2は、単結合、又は、-L3-A3-**を表す。L3は、単結合、又は、2価の連結基を表す。A3は、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族基、又は、置換基を有していてもよい脂環基を表す。**は、Zとの結合位置を表す。
R3は、水素原子、又は、1価の置換基を表す。
Gが前記一般式(B-1)で表される基を表す場合、nは2を、mは0を表し、Gが前記一般式(B-2)で表される基を表す場合、nは2を、mは6を表す。
*は、結合位置を表す。 - Gが前記一般式(B-1)で表される基を表す、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Yが前記一般式(C-1)で表される基を表す、請求項1又は2に記載の化合物。
- Yが前記一般式(C-1)で表される基を表し、
前記一般式(C-1)で表される基中のL1が単結合を表す、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。 - Yが前記一般式(C-1)で表される基を表し、
前記一般式(C-1)で表される基中のZが単結合又は-COO-を表す、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。 - Yが前記一般式(C-1)で表される基を表し、
前記一般式(C-1)で表される基中のA2が置換基を有していてもよい芳香族基を表す、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。 - Yが前記一般式(C-1)で表される基を表し、
前記一般式(C-1)で表される基中、R1は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、-CN、-COR、-POR2、-SOR、-SO2R、又は、-NO2を表し、Rはそれぞれ独立に1価の置換基を表す、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物、及び、液晶性化合物を含む、液晶組成物。
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