WO2021164733A1 - 一种转移纳米结构的方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种转移纳米结构的方法及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2021164733A1
WO2021164733A1 PCT/CN2021/076864 CN2021076864W WO2021164733A1 WO 2021164733 A1 WO2021164733 A1 WO 2021164733A1 CN 2021076864 W CN2021076864 W CN 2021076864W WO 2021164733 A1 WO2021164733 A1 WO 2021164733A1
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substrate
transferring
film
target
metal
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French (fr)
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李睿
吴文洁
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大连理工大学
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81CPROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C1/00Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
    • B81C1/00349Creating layers of material on a substrate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81CPROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C1/00Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
    • B81C1/00436Shaping materials, i.e. techniques for structuring the substrate or the layers on the substrate
    • B81C1/00444Surface micromachining, i.e. structuring layers on the substrate
    • B81C1/00468Releasing structures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length

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  • the invention relates to the field of nanomaterials, in particular to a method for transferring a nanostructure and its application.
  • the dispersion relationship caused by the strong coupling between the propagating surface plasmon and the local plasmon resonance mode makes the enhancement of the sensing characteristics mainly related to the displacement or bending of the nanostructure.
  • This kind of advantages such as high sensitivity, no label, real-time, fast detection, etc. makes it widely used in the fields of biosensing.
  • the primary problem is to prepare large-area, high-quality nanostructures and transfer them to the target substrate by a suitable method.
  • the transfer method of nanostructures is a method of transferring nanostructures between different substrates. Usually, the nanostructures are transferred from the preparation substrate to the target substrate.
  • the transfer technology of nanostructures is a key factor restricting the development of sub-micron structure devices.
  • the ideal transfer technology should have the following characteristics: (1) It can keep its structure intact and undamaged during the transfer process; (2) There is no pollution to the structure ( Including doping); (3) The process is stable and reliable, with strong applicability and stability.
  • PDMS or HMDS is usually used to transfer metal nanostructures.
  • PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
  • HMDS hexamethyldisilamine
  • the mass ratio of PDMS and curing agent is Mix at 10:1, then put it in a vacuum box, place it under the pressure of -0.04Mpa to -0.08Mpa for 30 minutes to remove bubbles, and pour the de-bubbled PDMS prepolymer on the photo-etched patterned silicon substrate Then put it in a vacuum drying oven, heat at 90°C for 3 hours to cure the PDMS prepolymer, and apply a negative pressure of -0.04Mpa to -0.08Mpa to make the PDMS prepolymer and the exposed metal film close Glued together.
  • the above method has the following technical defects: 1. It requires high-temperature treatment, requires special heating equipment and precise control of heating conditions (heating temperature, heating time), and the process is complicated and takes a long time; 2. Due to nanostructure and PDMS Or the thermal expansion coefficient of HMDS is different, which will cause cracks and wrinkles. Therefore, the effect of nanostructure transfer is not ideal.
  • the present invention provides an ideal method and application for transferring nanostructures, which can transfer nanostructures in a complete, undamaged, and pollution-free structure to improve the applicability and stability of the transferred nanostructures.
  • the present invention provides a method for transferring nanostructures, including:
  • the interface adhesive layer is uniformly spin-coated on the target substrate so that the target substrate and the interface adhesive layer are fully contacted; the interface adhesive layer can generate free radicals or ions under ultraviolet light irradiation, and interact with the nanostructures and the nanostructures.
  • the surface of the target substrate undergoes polymerization and cross-linking into a network structure;
  • the preparation substrate is a material with poor bonding force to the nanostructure
  • the position of the target substrate in the adhesive assembly structure is adjusted so that the nanostructure is peeled from the prepared substrate.
  • the interface adhesive layer is a transparent viscous liquid, with a temperature resistance of -54° C. to 150° C., and a viscosity of 200 mPa ⁇ s to 400 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the interface adhesive layer is ultraviolet glue.
  • the nano structure includes a non-patterned metal film.
  • the nanostructure includes a thin metal feature pattern.
  • the nano structure includes a non-patterned non-metal thin film.
  • the preparation substrate is a material containing silicon or silicon dioxide.
  • the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 365nm or 395nm
  • the irradiation distance is not more than 5cm
  • the irradiation time is not less than 30s.
  • the present invention also provides an application of the above method for transferring nanostructures, including:
  • the metal grating is completely separated from the preparation substrate, and an SPR sensor adopting the metal diffraction grating mode is obtained.
  • the present invention also provides an application of the above method for transferring nanostructures, including:
  • the metal grating is completely separated from the preparation substrate to obtain an electrode.
  • the present invention also provides an application of the above method for transferring nanostructures, including:
  • the metal thin film is completely peeled off from the preparation substrate, and an optical fiber reflector is obtained.
  • the present invention also provides an application of the above method for transferring nanostructures, including:
  • the Au film and the silicon nitride film are transferred to the cross section of the optical fiber, the silicon nitride film is firmly bonded to the end face of the optical fiber, and the Au film is exposed to the outside;
  • Corresponding chemical solution is used to etch the outermost Au film to obtain a structure with silicon nitride film on the end face of the optical fiber;
  • Another layer of grating is transferred on the silicon nitride film to obtain a guided mode resonator device.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention relaxes the internal stress by changing the interface adhesion layer between the nanostructure and the target substrate, and will not produce stress cracking under the typical compression stress level; its large Young's modulus makes the metal characteristics transfer During the process, deformation is avoided to ensure the integrity of the structure; its flexibility improves the load bearing capacity of the bonding surface and improves the shock absorption characteristics.
  • the interface adhesive layer in the nanostructure transfer process provided by the present invention has strong practicability, good biocompatibility, low cost, short cycle, and will quickly cure to be flexible and transparent when exposed to sufficient intensity of ultraviolet light.
  • the adhesive layer does not change the optical properties of the nanostructures obtained after transfer.
  • Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method for transferring nanostructures in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the target substrate in full contact with the interface adhesive layer in the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the transparent viscous material fully contacting the nano structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the adhesive material on the end surface of the target substrate peeling off the nanostructure from the preparation substrate in the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a device for transferring nanostructure application one in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the Au grating under the lens transferred to the cross section of the optical fiber in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of nanostructures after transfer in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the light splitting effect of the SPR sensor on the light screen in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is another schematic diagram of the light splitting effect of the SPR sensor on the light screen in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • target matrix 2. viscous material; 3. nanostructure A; 4. nanostructure B; 5. preparation matrix; 100, light source; 200, optical fiber; 300, xyz adjustment frame; 400, nanostructure; 500.
  • substrate 600, objective lens; 700, ultraviolet glue.
  • the nanostructures to be transferred can be unpatterned metal films, thin metal feature patterns (including but not limited to large-area metal gratings or other periodic sub-micron structures), unpatterned non-metals, and the method includes:
  • the interface adhesion layer can generate free radicals or ions under ultraviolet light irradiation, and polymerize and cross-link with the nanostructure and the surface of the target matrix to form a network structure.
  • the interface adhesive layer can be a transparent viscous liquid, with a temperature resistance of -54°C to 150°C, and a viscosity of 200mPa.s to 400mPa.s.
  • the interface adhesive layer is ultraviolet glue.
  • the ultraviolet glue has little taste and can be stored at room temperature.
  • the interface adhesive layer is spin-coated using a homogenizer and spin-coated to a suitable thickness, which can ensure its viscosity without affecting the subsequent operations and the performance of the prepared structure.
  • the spin-coating speed is 0r/min ⁇ 3000r/min, such as 500r/min, 955r/min, 1648r/min, 2500r/min, etc., preferably 2000r/min.
  • a vacuum coater can be used to sputter a gold film of any thickness (such as 10nm, 20nm, 100nm, etc.) on the substrate.
  • materials with poor bonding force to the nanostructures are used for the preparation of the matrix, such as materials containing silicon or silicon dioxide.
  • the xyz three-dimensional adjustment frame can be used to adjust the horizontal position (front, back, left, and right) of the film to be aligned with the target substrate from the xy plane, and then adjust it down to the z direction to make the target substrate and the adhesive layer or nanometer Structural contact.
  • ultraviolet light is used for illumination.
  • an ultraviolet lamp suitable for this type of ultraviolet glue can be used.
  • the wavelength range is 200-500, preferably 365nm; the irradiation distance should not be more than 5cm; the irradiation time should not be less than 30s, Preferably 30s.
  • the xyz three-dimensional adjustment frame is used to adjust the position of the target substrate upward in the z direction, and other disturbances should not be generated, so as not to affect the peeling of the nanostructure.
  • the interface adhesion layer between the nanostructure and the target substrate by changing the interface adhesion layer between the nanostructure and the target substrate, the internal stress is relaxed, and stress cracking will not occur under the typical compression stress level; its large Young's modulus makes the metal characteristic Avoid deformation during the transfer process to ensure the integrity of the structure; its flexibility improves the load bearing capacity of the bonding surface and improves the shock absorption characteristics; the interface adhesive layer has strong practicability, good biocompatibility, and low cost.
  • the cycle is short, and it will be quickly cured into a flexible and transparent adhesive layer when exposed to sufficient intensity of ultraviolet light, without changing the optical properties of the nanostructures obtained after transfer.
  • the application of the method for transferring nanostructures provided by the present invention will be described below with specific examples.
  • the method of transferring nanostructures in the present invention is suitable for a variety of application scenarios, including but not limited to the preparation of SPR sensors using metal diffraction grating patterns (involving the transfer of thin metal feature patterns), and the preparation of electrodes (involving thin metal feature patterns) Transfer), used to prepare pressure sensors (involving the transfer of non-patterned non-metal), used in the preparation of fiber optic mirrors (involving the transfer of unpatterned metal films), etc.
  • the manufacturing process of the SPR sensor includes the following steps:
  • the coating can use the JCP-200 high-vacuum magnetron sputtering coating machine, or other vacuum coating equipment.
  • S103 Perform photolithography and etching processes on the gold film on the prepared substrate, and transfer the diffraction pattern to the gold film layer to obtain a large-area fixed-period grating structure;
  • laser lithography can be used to lithography the gold film on the prepared substrate, and the diffraction pattern is transferred to the photoresist; the quality of I, KI, and distilled water is 1:5:50. Proportioning, the photolithographic structure is metal etched, and the diffraction pattern is transferred to the Au layer; the remaining photoresist on the surface is removed with acetone to obtain a large-area fixed-period grating structure.
  • the schematic diagram of the Au grating transferred to the fiber cross section under the lens is shown in Figure 6, and the structure of the SPR sensor obtained after the nanostructure transfer is shown in Figure 7.
  • the SPR sensor converts the information to be measured into the change of the refractive index of the metal nanostructure, and converts it into the change of the resonance angle or the resonance wavelength through optical coupling.
  • the structure projects a high-quality diffraction pattern with excellent symmetry, thereby increasing the function as a beam splitting device.
  • the light splitting effect of the SPR sensor on the light screen is shown in Figure 8 (white light source) and Figure 9 (632.8nm laser light source).
  • the various components involved in the manufacturing process of the electrode are similar to the various components involved in the manufacturing process of the SPR sensor in FIG. 5. Specifically, the manufacturing process of the electrode includes the following steps:
  • S203 Perform photolithography and etching processes on the gold film on the prepared substrate, and transfer the diffraction pattern to the gold film layer;
  • laser lithography can be used to lithography the gold film on the prepared substrate, and the diffraction pattern is transferred to the photoresist; the quality of I, KI, and distilled water is 1:5:50. Proportioning, performing metal etching on the photolithographic structure, and transferring the diffraction pattern to the Au layer; removing the remaining photoresist on the surface with acetone to obtain a metal thin film;
  • the manufacturing process of a guided mode resonance (GMR) device includes the following steps:
  • a non-metallic material such as a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) film
  • the first rotation speed is 500r/min
  • the time is 8s
  • the second rotation speed is 3000r/min
  • the time is 15s, as the interface adhesion layer
  • the transmission spectra of guided mode resonance (GMR) devices respond well to wavelengths, and are used in biomedical sensors and spectral filters.
  • the manufacturing process of the fiber optic reflector includes the following steps:
  • the reflectance of the optical fiber to the incident light is less than 4%, and the reflectance of the incident light of the fiber reflector prepared according to the above method can reach 4% to 100%;
  • the intensity of the reflected light is controllable, and the reflectivity of the thermal light can be changed by changing the thickness of the transferred Au film, thereby reducing the power of the incident light and saving energy. And because the reflectivity of incident light is enhanced, the measurable distance of the sensor will be greatly extended, which improves the work efficiency.
  • this structure can also be used as a transmitted light sensor with modulated light intensity.
  • the structure has the advantages of easy production and mass production.

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Abstract

一种转移纳米结构的方法,包括:在目标基体(1)上均匀旋涂界面粘合层,使目标基体(1)与界面粘合层充分接触;将涂有界面粘合层的目标基体(1)与制备基体(5)上的纳米结构表面充分接触,形成粘合组装结构,制备基体(5)为与纳米结构结合力差的材料;将粘合组装结构置于紫外光光照下;调整粘合组装结构中的目标基体(1)的位置,使纳米结构从制备基体(5)剥离。转移纳米结构的方法能够实现纳米结构的无损转移,且转移后不改变纳米结构的光学与电学等性能,具有成本低、可操作性强的特点。还提供了一种转移纳米结构的方法的应用。

Description

一种转移纳米结构的方法及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及纳米材料领域,尤其涉及一种转移纳米结构的方法及其应用。
背景技术
在纳米结构中,传播表面等离子体与局域等离子体共振模的强耦合引起的色散关系使得传感特性的增强主要与纳米结构的位移或弯曲有关。研究表明,在金属层表面形成适当周期和深度的结构,可以提高表面等离子体共振效应。这种灵敏度高、无标签、实时、快速检测等优点,使其在生物传感等领域得到了广泛的应用。为了获得这种良好的光学性能,首要的问题是制备大面积、高质量的纳米结构,并用合适的方法转移到目标基体上。
纳米结构的转移方法是将纳米结构在不同基体之间转移的方法,通常是将纳米结构从制备基体转移到目标基体之上。纳米结构的转移技术是制约亚微米级结构器件发展的关键因素,理想的转移技术应具有如下特点:(1)在转移过程中能保持其结构完整、无破损;(2)对结构无污染(包括掺杂);(3)工艺稳定、可靠,具有较强的适用性和稳定性。
现有技术中,通常是利用PDMS或HMDS进行金属纳米结构转移,然而,在利用PDMS(聚二甲基硅氧烷)或HMDS(六甲基二硅胺)进行金属纳米结构转移时,需要对PDMS或HMDS进行高温加热使之固化,如HMDS的固化需要在100℃、1分钟烘烤条件下,其气味难闻,需要冷藏保存,又如专利CN109179312A中,将PDMS与固化剂按质量比为10:1混合,然后放入真空箱中,在压力为-0.04Mpa至-0.08Mpa的条件下放置30分钟去除气泡,将去气泡后的PDMS预聚物倒在光刻出图案的硅基片上,之后放入真空干燥箱中, 在90℃条件下加热3h使PDMS预聚物固化,同时施加压力为-0.04Mpa至-0.08Mpa的负压,使PDMS预聚物与暴露出的金属薄膜紧密的粘结在一起。
上述方法存在以下技术缺陷:1、需要高温处理,需要利用专用的加热设备并对加热条件(加热温度、加热时间)进行精确控制,工艺过程复杂,花费时间较长;2、由于纳米结构和PDMS或HMDS的热膨胀系数不同,会产生裂纹和褶皱。因此,纳米结构转移的效果不够理想。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种理想的转移纳米结构的方法及其应用,以完整、无破损、结构无污染的转移纳米结构,提高转移纳米结构的适用性和稳定性。
本发明提供了以下技术方案:
一方面,本发明提供了一种转移纳米结构的方法,包括:
在目标基体上均匀旋涂界面粘合层,使所述目标基体与所述界面粘合层充分接触;所述界面粘合层能在紫外光照射下生成自由基或离子,与纳米结构以及所述目标基体的表面发生聚合反应交联成网络结构;
将涂有界面粘合层的目标基体与制备基体上的纳米结构表面充分接触,形成粘合组装结构;所述制备基体为与纳米结构结合力差的材料;
将所述粘合组装结构置于紫外光光照下;
调整粘合组装结构中的目标基体的位置,使所述纳米结构从所述制备基体剥离。
进一步地,所述界面粘合层为透明的黏性液体,耐温-54℃~150℃,粘度为200mPa.s~400mPa.s。
进一步地,所述界面粘合层为紫外胶。
进一步地,所述纳米结构包括无图案的金属薄膜。
进一步地,所述纳米结构包括薄金属特征图案。
进一步地,所述纳米结构包括无图案的非金属薄膜。
进一步地,所述制备基体为包含硅或二氧化硅的材料。
进一步地,所述紫外光的波长为365nm或395nm,照射距离不超过5cm,照射时间不低于30s。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种上述转移纳米结构的方法的应用,包括:
以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
对制备基体上的金薄膜进行光刻和腐蚀工艺,将衍射图案转移到金薄膜上,得到大面积固定周期的光栅结构;
将石英光纤切割成所需长度,剥去包层,作为目标基体;
应用上述转移纳米结构的方法,使金属光栅与制备基体完全剥离,得到采用金属衍射光栅模式的SPR传感器。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种上述转移纳米结构的方法的应用,包括:
以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
对制备基体上的金薄膜进行光刻和腐蚀工艺,将衍射图案转移到金薄膜上,得到大面积固定周期的光栅结构;
将电极基底材料作为目标基体;
应用上述转移纳米结构的方法,使金属光栅与制备基体完全剥离,得到电极。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种上述转移纳米结构的方法的应用,包括:
以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
将石英光纤切割成所需长度,剥去光纤包层,作为目标基体;
应用上述转移纳米结构的方法,使金属薄膜与制备基体完全剥离,得到光纤反射镜。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种上述转移纳米结构的方法的应用,包括:
选用非金属材料作为被转移基体;
将石英光纤切割成所需长度,剥去光纤包层,作为目标基体;
以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
以氮化硅为靶材对Au薄膜表面进行真空镀膜;
应用上述转移纳米结构的方法,使Au薄膜与氮化硅薄膜被转移至光纤横截面上,氮化硅薄膜与光纤端面牢牢粘合,Au薄膜暴露在外面;
用相应的化学溶液腐蚀最外面的Au薄膜,得到光纤端面有氮化硅薄膜的结构;
在氮化硅薄膜上再转移一层光栅,得到导模谐振器件。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明通过改变纳米结构与目标基体之间的界面粘合层,松弛内应力,在典型的模压应力水平下不会产生应力开裂;其较大的杨氏模量使金属特征在转移过程中避免变形,保证结构的完整性;其柔韧特性提高了粘接面承受载荷的能力,改善了减震特性。
(2)本发明所提供的纳米结构转移过程中的界面粘合层实用性强,具有良好的生物相容性,成本低,周期短,暴露于足够强度的紫外光下会快速固化成柔韧透明的胶层,不改变转移后得到的纳米结构的光学性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做以简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例中一种转移纳米结构的方法的流程图;
图2为本发明实施例中目标基体与界面粘合层充分接触的透视图;
图3为本发明实施例中透明黏性材料与纳米结构充分接触的示意图;
图4为本发明实施例中目标基体端面上的黏性材料将纳米结构从制备基体上剥离的透视图;
图5为本发明实施例中转移纳米结构应用一的装置示意图;
图6为本发明实施例中镜头下Au光栅转移到光纤横截面上的示意图;
图7为本发明实施例中纳米结构转移后的示意图;
图8为本发明实施例中SPR传感器在光屏上的分光效果示意图;
图9为本发明实施例中SPR传感器在光屏上的又一分光效果示意图;
图中:1、目标基体;2、黏性材料;3、纳米结构A;4、纳米结构B;5、制备基体;100、光源;200、光纤;300、xyz调节架;400、纳米结构;500、制备基体;600、物镜;700、紫外胶。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
参见图1,其示出了本发明实施例中的一种转移纳米结构的方法的流程图。待转移的纳米结构可以是无图案的金属薄膜,还可以是薄金属特征图案(包括但不限于大面积金属光栅或其他周期性亚微米结构),无图案的非金属,该方法包括:
S1、在目标基体上均匀旋涂界面粘合层,使所述目标基体与所述界面粘合层充分接触;如图2所示。
其中,界面粘合层能在紫外光照射下生成自由基或离子,与纳米结构以及所述目标基体的表面发生聚合反应交联成网络结构。界面粘合层可以为透明的黏性液体,耐温-54℃~150℃,粘度为200mPa.s~400mPa.s。优选地,界面粘合层为紫外胶,紫外胶味道不大,常温保存即可。
在具体实施时,使用匀胶机旋涂界面粘合层,将其旋涂至合适厚度,既能保证其粘性又不影响后续操作以及所制备的结构的性能,旋涂转速为0r/min~3000r/min,例如500r/min、955r/min、1648r/min、2500r/min等,优选2000r/min。
S2、将涂有界面粘合层的目标基体与制备基体上的纳米结构表面充分接触,形成粘合组装结构,如图3所示。
在制备基体上制备纳米结构可以使用真空镀膜仪对制备基体溅射任意厚度(如10nm、20nm、100nm等)的金膜。
其中,为了便于纳米结构剥离,制备基体采用与纳米结构结合力差的材料,如包含硅或二氧化硅的材料。
在具体实施时,可以采用xyz三维调节架,先从xy平面调节目标基体要对准的薄膜的水平位置(前后左右),对准之后再往z方向下调,使目标基体与粘合层或纳米结构接触。
S3、将所述粘合组装结构置于紫外光光照下;
其中,光照采用紫外光,具体实施时,可以采用适用于这种紫外胶的紫外灯,其波长范围为200~500,优选365nm;照射距离不应多于5cm;照射时间不应低于30s,优选30s。
S4、调整粘合组装结构中的目标基体的位置,使所述纳米结构从所述制备基体剥离,如图4所示。
在具体实施时,采用xyz三维调节架朝z方向向上调节目标基体的位置,不应产生其他扰动,以免影响纳米结构的剥离。
本发明实施例中,通过改变纳米结构与目标基体之间的界面粘合层,松 弛内应力,在典型的模压应力水平下不会产生应力开裂;其较大的杨氏模量使金属特征在转移过程中避免变形,保证结构的完整性;其柔韧特性提高了粘接面承受载荷的能力,改善了减震特性;界面粘合层实用性强,具有良好的生物相容性,成本低,周期短,暴露于足够强度的紫外光下会快速固化成柔韧透明的胶层,不改变转移后得到的纳米结构的光学性能。
下面以具体的实例对本发明提供的转移纳米结构的方法的应用进行说明。本发明中转移纳米结构的方法适用于多种应用场景,包括但不限于用于制备采用金属衍射光栅模式的SPR传感器(涉及薄金属特征图案的转移),用于制备电极(涉及薄金属特征图案的转移),用于制备压力传感器(涉及无图案的非金属的转移),用于制备光纤反射镜(涉及无图案的金属薄膜的转移)等。
应用一、采用金属衍射光栅模式的SPR传感器的制造。
参见图5,其示出了SPR传感器制造过程中涉及的各个部件。具体地,SPR传感器制造的过程包括以下步骤:
S101、选用与金属结合力差的材料作为制备基体,方便光栅结构从制备基体上剥离;所选用靶材为Au,制备基体为玻璃;
S102、以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
在具体实施时,镀膜可以采用JCP-200高真空磁控溅射镀膜机,也可以采用其他真空镀膜仪。
S103、对制备基体上的金薄膜进行光刻和腐蚀工艺,将衍射图案转移到金薄膜层,得到大面积固定周期的光栅结构;
在一种可能的实施方式中,可以利用激光光刻技术对制备基体上的金薄膜进行光刻,将衍射图案转移到光刻胶上;将I、KI、蒸馏水以1:5:50进行质量配比,对光刻结构进行金属刻蚀,将衍射图案转移至Au层上;用丙酮去除表面残留的光刻胶,得到大面积固定周期的光栅结构。
S104、将石英光纤切割成所需长度,剥去光纤包层,作为目标基体;
具体地,先把光纤切成想要的长度,切割时直接用剥线钳剪断,剥线钳 剪出的横截面肯定是不平的,剥去包层,再用专门的光纤切割刀把横截面切平,从而得到目标基体。
S105、将紫外胶均匀地旋涂于干净的玻璃片上,第I转速为500r/min,时间为8s,第II转速为2000r/min,时间为60s,作为界面粘合层;
S106、利用三维调节架夹住光纤,将光纤横截面适当接触紫外胶,使横截面充分均匀涂满紫外胶;
S107、利用三维调节架夹住光纤,调整位置,使光纤横截面的紫外胶与所制备的金属光栅接触;
S108、在波长为365nm的紫外光下照明30s,光源与紫外胶距离不超过5cm;
S109、向上调节三维调节架的z方向,使金属光栅与制备基体完全剥离,得到采用金属衍射光栅模式的SPR传感器。
镜头下Au光栅转移到光纤横截面上的示意图如图6所示,纳米结构转移后得到的SPR传感器的结构如图7所示。该SPR传感器将待测信息转换为所述金属纳米结构的折射率的变化,并通过光学耦合转换为共振角或共振波长的变化。同时,在有光源输入的条件下,该结构投射出高质量的衍射图样,具有出色的对称性,从而增加了作为分光装置的功能。SPR传感器在光屏上的分光效果如图8(白光光源)和图9(632.8nm激光光源)所示。
应用二、电极的制造。
电极制造过程中涉及的各个部件与图5中SPR传感器制造过程中涉及的各个部件相类似。具体地,电极的制造过程包括以下步骤:
S201、选用与金属结合力差的材料作为制备基体,方便金属薄膜从制备基体上剥离;所选用靶材为Au,制备基体为玻璃;
S202、以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
S203、对制备基体上的金薄膜进行光刻和腐蚀工艺,将衍射图案转移到金薄膜层;
在一种可能的实施方式中,可以利用激光光刻技术对制备基体上的金薄膜进行光刻,将衍射图案转移到光刻胶上;将I、KI、蒸馏水以1:5:50进行质量配比,对光刻结构进行金属刻蚀,将衍射图案转移至Au层上;用丙酮去除表面残留的光刻胶,得到金属薄膜;
S204、将电极基体作为目标基体;
S205、将紫外胶均匀地旋涂于干净的玻璃片上,第I转速为500r/min,时间为8s,第II转速为2000r/min,时间为60s,作为界面粘合层;
S206、利用三维调节架夹住电极基体,将电极基体横截面适当接触紫外胶,使横截面充分均匀涂满紫外胶;
S207、利用三维调节架夹住电极基体,调整位置,使电极基体横截面的紫外胶与所制备的金属薄膜接触;
S208、在波长为365nm的紫外光下照明30s,光源与紫外胶距离不超过5cm;
S209、向上调节三维调节架的z方向,使金属薄膜与制备基体完全剥离,得到采用金属薄膜的电极,该电极可在微通道中形成非均匀分布的梯度电场。
应用三、导模谐振(GMR)器件的制造。
具体地,导模谐振(GMR)器件的制造过程包括以下步骤:
S301、选用与金属结合力差的材料作为制备基体,方便金属薄膜结构从制备基体上剥离,例如玻璃;
S302、选用非金属材料作为被转移基体,例如氮化硅(Si 3N 4)薄膜;
S303、将石英光纤切割成所需长度,剥去光纤包层,作为目标基体;
S304、以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
S305、以氮化硅为靶材对Au薄膜表面进行真空镀膜;
S306、将紫外胶均匀地旋涂于干净的玻璃片上,第I转速为500r/min,时间为8s,第II转速为3000r/min,时间为15s,作为界面粘合层;
S307、利用三维调节架夹住目标基体,调整位置,使目标基体上的紫外胶与被转移基体接触;
S308、在波长为365nm的紫外光下照明30s,光源与紫外胶距离不超过5cm;
S309、向上调节三维调节架的z方向,由于Au薄膜与玻璃具有较差的结合力,Au薄膜与氮化硅薄膜被转移至光纤横截面上,氮化硅薄膜与光纤端面牢牢粘合,Au薄膜暴露在外面;
S310、用相应的化学溶液腐蚀最外面的Au薄膜,得到光纤端面有氮化硅薄膜的结构;
S311、在氮化硅薄膜上再转移一层光栅,得到导模谐振(GMR)器件。
导模谐振(GMR)器件的透射光谱图对波长有良好的响应,在生物医学传感器和频谱滤波器等方面均有应用。
应用四、光纤反射镜的制造。
具体地,光纤反光镜的制造过程包括以下步骤:
S401、选用与金属结合力差的材料作为制备基体,方便金属薄膜结构从制备基体上剥离;所选用靶材为Au,制备基体为玻璃;
S402、以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
S403、将石英光纤切割成所需长度,剥去光纤包层,作为目标基体;
S404、将紫外胶均匀地旋涂于干净的玻璃片上,第I转速为500r/min,时间为8s,第II转速为2000r/min,时间为60s,作为界面粘合层;
S405、利用三维调节架夹住光纤,将光纤横截面适当接触紫外胶,使横截面充分均匀涂满紫外胶;
S406、利用三维调节架夹住光纤,调整位置,使光纤横截面的紫外胶与所制备的金属薄膜接触;
S407、在波长为365nm的紫外光下照明30s,光源与紫外胶距离不超过5cm;
S408、向上调节三维调节架的z方向,使金属薄膜与制备基体完全剥离,得到光纤反射镜,该光纤反射镜可应用于探测宏观物体微小扰动的传感器,将扰动信息转换为所述金属纳米结构的反射率的变化。
在转移金薄膜到光纤横截面之前,光纤对入射光的反射率只有不到4%,按照上述方法制备出的光纤反射镜对入射光的反射率能达到4%~100%;
反射光的光强大小是可控的,还可以通过改变被转移Au薄膜的厚度来改变热射光的反射率,从而降低入射光的功率,节省能源。而且由于入射光的反射率增强了,该传感器的可测量距离将大大延长,提高了工作效率。
同理,该结构也可作为光强可调制的透射光传感器。该结构具备易于制作,可批量化生产的优势。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种转移纳米结构的方法,其特征在于,包括:
    在目标基体上均匀旋涂界面粘合层,使所述目标基体与所述界面粘合层充分接触;所述界面粘合层能在紫外光照射下生成自由基或离子,与纳米结构以及所述目标基体的表面发生聚合反应交联成网络结构;
    将涂有界面粘合层的目标基体与制备基体上的纳米结构表面充分接触,形成粘合组装结构;所述制备基体为与纳米结构结合力差的材料;
    将所述粘合组装结构置于紫外光光照下;
    调整粘合组装结构中的目标基体的位置,使所述纳米结构从所述制备基体剥离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转移纳米结构的方法,其特征在于,所述界面粘合层为透明的黏性液体,耐温-54℃~150℃,粘度为200mPa.s~400mPa.s。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的转移纳米结构的方法,其特征在于,所述界面粘合层为紫外胶。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的转移纳米结构的方法,其特征在于,所述纳米结构包括无图案的金属薄膜或无图案的非金属薄膜。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的转移纳米结构的方法,其特征在于,所述纳米结构包括薄金属特征图案。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的转移纳米结构的方法,其特征在于,所述制备基体为包含硅或二氧化硅的材料。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的转移纳米结构的方法,其特征在于,所述紫外光的波长为200~500nm,365nm或395nm,照射距离不超过5cm,照射时间不低于30s。
  8. 一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述的转移纳米结构的方法的应用,其特征在于,包括:
    以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
    对制备基体上的金薄膜进行光刻和腐蚀工艺,将衍射图案转移到金薄膜上,得到大面积固定周期的光栅结构;
    将石英光纤切割成所需长度,剥去包层,作为目标基体;
    应用如权利要求1~7任一项所述的转移纳米结构的方法,使金属光栅与制备基体完全剥离,得到采用金属衍射光栅模式的SPR传感器。
  9. 一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述的转移纳米结构的方法的应用,其特征在于,包括:
    以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
    将石英光纤切割成所需长度,剥去光纤包层,作为目标基体;
    应用如权利要求1~7任一项所述的转移纳米结构的方法,使金属薄膜与制备基体完全剥离,得到光纤反射镜。
  10. 一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述的转移纳米结构的方法的应用,其特征在于,包括:
    选用非金属材料作为被转移基体;
    将石英光纤切割成所需长度,剥去光纤包层,作为目标基体;
    以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
    以氮化硅为靶材对Au薄膜表面进行真空镀膜;
    应用如权利要求1~7任一项所述的转移纳米结构的方法,使Au薄膜与氮化硅薄膜被转移至光纤横截面上,氮化硅薄膜与光纤端面牢牢粘合,Au薄膜暴露在外面;
    用相应的化学溶液腐蚀最外面的Au薄膜,得到光纤端面有氮化硅薄膜的结构;
    在氮化硅薄膜上再转移一层光栅,得到导模谐振器件。
  11. 一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述的转移纳米结构的方法的应用,其特征在于,包括:
    以Au为靶材对玻璃制备基体表面进行真空镀膜;
    对制备基体上的金薄膜进行光刻和腐蚀工艺,将衍射图案转移到金薄膜层;
    将电极基体作为目标基体;
    应用如权利要求1~7任一项所述的转移纳米结构的方法,使金属薄膜与制备基体完全剥离,得到目标电极。
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