WO2021164201A1 - 一种卷扬机 - Google Patents

一种卷扬机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021164201A1
WO2021164201A1 PCT/CN2020/104801 CN2020104801W WO2021164201A1 WO 2021164201 A1 WO2021164201 A1 WO 2021164201A1 CN 2020104801 W CN2020104801 W CN 2020104801W WO 2021164201 A1 WO2021164201 A1 WO 2021164201A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reel
base
hoist
rope
traction rope
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/104801
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邢立伟
侯晓刚
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2021164201A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021164201A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/02—Driving gear
    • B66D1/12—Driving gear incorporating electric motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B66D1/30—Rope, cable, or chain drums or barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B66D1/36—Guiding, or otherwise ensuring winding in an orderly manner, of ropes, cables, or chains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/54—Safety gear

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of mechanical hoisting, in particular to a hoist.
  • the winch also known as a winch, is a device that uses a drum to wind a steel wire or chain to lift or tow heavy objects.
  • the hoist uses a drum to wind the steel rope to lift or tow the heavy objects, and can lift the heavy objects vertically, horizontally or obliquely.
  • the hoist In the process of hoisting heavy objects with the hoist, the hoist can be fixed, and the hoist drives the crankshaft to rotate by electric power, so that the traction rope fixed on the crankshaft is coiled along the shaft to realize the lifting of the fixed material at the other end of the traction rope.
  • the winch of this structure needs to be fixed and coiled with a traction rope of sufficient length on the winch.
  • the traction rope coiled on the reel may be tangled and knotted during high-speed movement, thereby affecting the lifting efficiency.
  • the first aspect of the application provides a hoist, which includes: a fixed base (1), a drive motor (2), a control unit (3), a reel (4) and a rope guide mechanism (5); a reel (4) It is set on the fixed base (1), the drive motor (2) is set on the fixed base (1), the drive motor (2) is connected to the reel (4), and the drive motor (2) is used to drive the reel (4).
  • the control unit (3) is used to control the working state of the drive motor (2);
  • the rope guide mechanism (5) includes two guide rods (51), and the two guide rods (51) are fixed on the fixed base (1) ,
  • the rope guide mechanism (5) is arranged opposite to the reel (4), the surface distance of the two guide rods (51) is greater than or equal to the diameter of one traction rope and less than or equal to the diameter of the two traction ropes, and the two guide rods ( 51) Used to guide the traction rope coiled on the reel (4).
  • the rope guiding mechanism (5) can guide the traction rope coiled on the reel (4), and the traction rope will not be tangled and knotted during high-speed movement, thereby improving the hoisting efficiency.
  • the two guide rods (51) have different lengths.
  • the inconsistent length of the two guide rods (51) facilitates the traction rope to enter the gap between the two guide rods (51), thereby improving the working efficiency of the hoist.
  • the hoist further includes an anti-falling device (6), and a fixed base (1) ) Is provided with a hook, the anti-falling device (6) is installed on the hook, and the rope guide mechanism (5) is located between the anti-falling device (6) and the reel (4), and the anti-falling device (6) is used to guide the through
  • the traction rope of the anti-falling device (6) is routed in one direction.
  • the anti-falling device (6) can prevent the traction rope from running backwards, thereby preventing heavy objects from falling, which can improve the safety performance of the hoist.
  • the fall prevention device (6) includes a buckle (60), a body (61), and a card
  • the main body (61) is buckled on the buckle (60), the traction rope passes through the main body (61), and one end of the clamping member (62) is connected to the main body (61).
  • the other end of the clamping piece (62) is provided with a barb
  • one end of the pressing piece (63) is rotatably connected with the clamping piece (62)
  • the other end of the pressing piece (63) abuts against the body (61)
  • the spring (64) connects the pressing piece (63) and the clamping piece (62), and the traction rope runs along the direction in which the barbs on the clamping piece (62) are arranged.
  • the anti-falling device (6) can make the traction rope run forward along the direction in which the barbs of the clip (62) are arranged through the barbs of the clip (62).
  • the fixed base (1) includes The first base (11), the second base (12) and the adjusting screw (10), one end of the adjusting screw (10) is connected to the first base (11), and the adjusting screw (10) passes through the second base (12) and connected with the second base (12), the adjusting screw (10) is used to adjust the distance between the first base (11) and the second base (12); the reel (4) can be set to rotate On the outer surface of the side plate of the first base (11), a driving motor (2) is arranged on the outer surface of the side plate of the first base (11), and the driving motor (2) is connected with the reel (4).
  • the adjusting screw (10) can adjust the distance between the first base (11) and the second base (12), so that the fixed base (1) can be fixed on fixed objects of different shapes.
  • the hoist can be adapted to tower feet or tower tops of various shapes and sizes.
  • the first base (11) is provided with a first card slot (110)
  • the second base (12) is provided with a second card slot (120)
  • the first card slot (110) and the second card slot (120) are arranged opposite to each other
  • the adjusting screw (10) is used to adjust the first card slot (110) The distance from the second card slot (120).
  • the adjusting screw (10) can adjust the distance between the first slot (110) and the second slot (120), so that the fixing base (1) can be fixed on fixed objects of different shapes.
  • the hoist can be adapted to tower feet or tower tops of various shapes and sizes.
  • the reel (4) is arranged obliquely with respect to the guide rod (51), and The side of the reel (4) away from the guide rod (51) is lower than the side close to the guide rod (51). Therefore, in the process of retracting the traction rope of the hoist, the traction rope retracted first can slide into the lower side of the reel (4) under the action of gravity, thereby avoiding the accumulation of the retracted traction rope on the two guide rods ( The area of the reel (4) corresponding to the gap between 51).
  • the hoist further includes a foot switch (8), a foot switch (8) ) Is electrically connected to the control unit (3).
  • the foot switch can free the hands of the operator, which enables the operator to control the traction rope with both hands while controlling the foot switch of the hoist, which can improve the work efficiency of the operator.
  • a non-slip groove (40) is provided on the reel (4).
  • the anti-skid groove (40) on the reel can play an anti-skid effect on the traction rope.
  • the hoist further includes a power supply (7), a power supply (7) and a control
  • the unit (3) is electrically connected, and the power supply (7) is a DC power supply or an AC power supply.
  • the power supply can be an AC power supply or a DC power supply. DC power supply can be used when it is not easy to get electricity.
  • the application provides a hoist, the hoist comprising: a fixed base (1), a drive motor (2), a control unit (3), a reel (4) and a rope guide mechanism (5);
  • the reel (4) is arranged at the fixed On the base (1), the drive motor (2) is set on the fixed base (1), the drive motor (2) is connected to the reel (4), and the drive motor (2) is used to drive the reel (4) to rotate and control
  • the unit (3) is used to control the working state of the drive motor (2);
  • the rope guide mechanism (5) includes two guide rods (51), the two guide rods (51) are fixed on the fixed base (1), and the rope is guided
  • the mechanism (5) is arranged opposite to the reel (4), the distance between the two guide rods (51) is greater than or equal to the diameter of one traction rope and less than or equal to the diameter of the two traction ropes, two guide rods (51) It is used for guiding the traction rope coiled on the reel (4).
  • the rope guiding mechanism (5) can guide the traction rope
  • Figure 1 is a scene diagram of a manual hoisting of heavy objects in the prior art provided by this application;
  • Figure 2 is a scene diagram of hoisting a hoist provided by this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hoist in the prior art provided by this application.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a hoist provided by this application.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a hoist provided by this application.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a hoist provided by this application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the relative arrangement of the reel and the guide rod in a hoist provided by this application;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of two guide rods in a hoist provided by this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the buckling connection between the fall prevention device and the hook in a hoist provided by this application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a fall prevention device in a hoist provided by this application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the clip in the anti-falling device provided by this application in the case of forward and reverse movement of the traction rope;
  • FIG. 12 is a scene diagram between the anti-falling device and the traction rope when the hoisting machine is in the process of taking up the rope provided by this application;
  • Fig. 13 is a scene diagram between the anti-falling device and the traction rope when the hoisting machine is in the process of laying the rope provided by this application.
  • the manual hoisting method requires at least 5 people (5 people A, B, C, D, E in Figure 1) to complete the hoisting of an antenna in 1 hour.
  • A assists B, C, and D to pull the hoisting rope at the preset height on the tower, and when the antenna rises to the preset height, A releases the antenna from the towing rope;
  • B, C, and D are on the side of the tower Provide pulling force to make the antenna rise to a preset height;
  • E controls the traction rope on the other side of the tower to avoid collision between the antenna and the tower.
  • the winch also known as a winch, is a device that uses a drum to wind a steel wire or chain to lift or tow heavy objects.
  • the hoist uses a drum to wind the steel rope to lift or tow the heavy objects, and can lift the heavy objects vertically, horizontally or obliquely.
  • Figure 2 provides a scene diagram of hoisting with a hoist. Please refer to Figure 2.
  • the hoisting with a hoist requires 3 people (A, B, C 3 people are required in Figure 2) to complete the hoisting.
  • the winch can be fixed at the bottom of the tower on one side (A in Figure 2), A is near the winch to control the winch through a switch; B is on the other side of the tower to control the traction rope to avoid collision between the antenna and the tower; C is When the antenna rises to the preset height at the preset height on the tower, the antenna is released from the towing rope.
  • the use of the hoist to hoist heavy objects can save manpower.
  • FIG 3 provides a schematic structural diagram of an existing hoist applied to the hoisting scene shown in Figure 2.
  • the hoist includes a motor (01), a transmission device (02), two couplings (03), and a working machine (04) .
  • One end of the transmission device (02) is connected with a motor (01) through a coupling (03), and the other end is connected with a working machine (04) through a coupling (03).
  • the motor (01) drives the transmission device (03) to rotate through the coupling (03), and the transmission device (03) drives the working machine (04) to rotate through the coupling (03), thereby turning the heavy ⁇
  • the thing is promoted.
  • the hoist includes: a fixed base (1), a drive motor (2), a control unit (3), a reel (4), a rope guide mechanism (5), an anti-falling device (6), a power supply (7), a foot switch (8).
  • the fixed base (1) includes a first base (11), a second base (12) and at least two adjusting screws (10).
  • the first base (11) and the second base (12) may include a top plate, a bottom plate and a side plate. Wherein, the top plate is fixedly connected with the side plate, the side plate is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, and the top plate and the bottom plate are arranged oppositely.
  • One end of the adjusting screw (10) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the side plate of the first base (11), and the adjusting screw (10) passes through the side plate of the second base (12) and is connected to the second base (12).
  • the side plates of the base (12) can be movably connected, and the adjusting screw (10) is used for adjusting the distance between the first base (11) and the second base (12).
  • the inner surface of the side plate of the first base (11) refers to the surface of the side plate of the first base (11) that is relatively close to the side of the second base (12), and the side plate of the first base (11)
  • the outer surface refers to the surface of the side plate of the first base (11) that is relatively far away from the second base.
  • the top plate and bottom plate of the first base (11) are provided with a first card slot (110), and the top plate and bottom plate of the second base (12) are provided with a second card slot ( 120).
  • the first card slot (110) and the second card slot (120) are arranged opposite to each other, and the adjusting screw (10) is used for adjusting the distance between the first card slot (110) and the second card slot (120).
  • the distance between the first card slot (110) and the second card slot (120) can be adjusted by the adjusting screw (10), so that the first card slot (110) and the second card slot (120) can be clamped more than once.
  • the shapes of the first slot (110) and the second slot (120) are not limited.
  • first card slot (110) and the second card slot (120) may be triangular, which can effectively clamp columns of various shapes and sizes.
  • the depth of the first card slot (110) and the second card slot (120) is not limited, and can be customized according to the size of the cylinder to be clamped.
  • top and bottom plates of the first base (11) and the top and bottom plates of the second base can also be provided with other numbers of card slots, as long as the column can be clamped in the card slots.
  • a clamping slot is arranged on the base, and the adjusting screw can also be adjusted so that the first base (11) and the second base (12) are clamped with columns of various shapes and sizes.
  • the bottom plate of the first base (11) needs to be provided with a slot of the same shape as the top plate of the first base (11), and the bottom plate of the second base (12) needs to be provided with the second base ( 12) The same card slot on the top plate. In this way, the top plate and the bottom plate can be clamped to the column of the same shape and size.
  • the driving motor (2) is arranged on the fixed base (1). Specifically, the driving motor (2) is arranged on the outer surface of the side plate of the first base (11).
  • the fixed connection of the driving motor (2) and the first base (11) is not limited, and welding, riveting, etc. can be used.
  • the driving motor (2) is drivingly connected with the reel (4), and the driving motor (2) is used to drive the reel (4) to rotate.
  • the driving motor (2) can be connected to the reel (4) through a coupling.
  • the control unit (3) is used to control the working state of the drive motor (2).
  • the working state of the driving motor may include the direction in which the driving motor (2) drives the reel (4) to rotate, the speed of rotation, etc., which are not limited here.
  • the control unit (3) can be a chip or a circuit board, etc., and is arranged inside the drive motor (2); the control unit (3) can also be a separate structure and the drive motor (2) are independent of each other, and the control unit (3) It is electrically connected with the driving motor (2).
  • the control unit (2) can control the working state of the driving motor (2) according to a preset program code or a preset circuit structure.
  • the control unit (3) can be provided with a control panel, and the rotation direction and speed of the drive motor (2) can be set through the operation on the control panel, or the drive motor can be controlled to start or stop; the control unit (3) can also It is equipped with a remote control switch, and by receiving the wireless signal of the remote control switch, the rotation direction and the rotation speed of the driving motor (2) can be set, or the driving motor (2) can be controlled to start or stop.
  • the reel (4) may also be provided with a non-slip groove (40), the shape of the non-slip groove is not limited, and the non-slip groove (40) can make the surface of the reel (4) uneven Therefore, the coefficient of friction can be increased.
  • the anti-slip groove (40) can increase the friction between the reel (4) and the traction rope, thereby preventing the reel (4) from taking up the rope When slipping.
  • the rope guiding mechanism (5) includes two guiding rods (51).
  • the two guide rods (51) are fixed on the fixed base (1).
  • the rope guide mechanism (5) may also include a fixed block (50), two guide rods (51) are installed on the fixed block (50), and the fixed block (50) is installed on the first base (11) On the top plate.
  • the manner in which the two guide rods (51) are mounted on the fixed block (50) is not limited, and the manner in which the fixed block (50) is mounted on the first base (11) is not limited. Exemplary, it may include welding, riveting, and the like.
  • the rope guide mechanism (5) can also be fixed on the bottom plate of the first base (1), in this case, the “bottom plate” is equivalent to the aforementioned embodiment The "top board”. It is equivalent to turning over the hoist in the foregoing embodiment by 180 degrees.
  • the rope guide mechanism (5) is arranged opposite to the reel (4), and the hoist can be arranged at the bottom of the tower or on the top of the tower.
  • the hoist can be arranged at the bottom of the tower or on the top of the tower.
  • the hoist is set at the bottom of the tower and the hoist is set at the top of the tower, the absolute position will change, but the relative position will not change.
  • the rope guide mechanism (5) is located above the reel (4).
  • the rope guide mechanism (5) is located below the reel (4). That is to say, when the hoist is installed on the top of the tower, the hoist is turned 180 degrees compared to when it is installed at the bottom of the tower.
  • the surface distance of the two guide rods (51) is greater than or equal to the diameter of one traction rope and less than or equal to the diameter of the two traction ropes, and the two guide rods (51) are used for guiding Lead the traction rope coiled on the reel.
  • the two guide rods (51) can be arranged in parallel or non-parallel, and there is no restriction here. It should be noted that when the two guide rods (51) are parallel, the surface distance of the two guide rods (51) is equal to the distance between the two central axes minus the radius of the two guide rods (51). value.
  • the surface distance of the two guide rods (51) is a certain value. The determined value is greater than or equal to the diameter of one traction rope and less than or equal to the diameter of two traction ropes.
  • the two guide rods (51) are not parallel, if one of the two guide rods (51) is A and the other is B, (the length of the guide rod A is less than or equal to the length of the guide rod B ). Then any point on the central axis of the guide rod A can be taken as a perpendicular to the central axis of the guide rod B, and the intersection point of the perpendicular and the central axis of the guide rod B can be determined. In this way, the distance from any point on the central axis of the guide rod A to the central axis of the guide rod B can be determined.
  • the surface distance of the two guide rods (51) can be understood as the point on the center axis of the guide rod A to the center axis of the guide rod B
  • the distance is the value obtained by subtracting the radii of the two guide rods (51).
  • the surface distance of the two guide rods (51) is a value range. The minimum value in this value range is greater than or equal to the diameter of one traction rope, and the maximum value is less than or equal to the diameter of two traction ropes.
  • the rope guiding mechanism (5) can guide the traction rope coiled on the reel (4), and the traction rope will not be tangled and knotted during high-speed movement, thereby improving the hoisting efficiency.
  • the traction rope can be guided. If the surface distance of the two guide rods (51) is less than the diameter of a traction rope, the traction rope cannot pass through the gap between the two guide rods (51). If the surface distance between the two guide rods (51) is greater than the distance between the two traction ropes, it is still possible for the traction rope to pass through the gap between the two guide rods (51) even if it is knotted. , The guiding effect of the two guide rods (51) will be weakened.
  • the reel (4) is arranged obliquely with respect to the guide rod (51), and the side of the reel (4) far away from the guide rod is lower than the side close to the guide rod (51).
  • the reel retracts the traction rope
  • the first retracted traction rope can slide into the side away from the guide rod under the action of gravity, so as to prevent the retracted traction rope from accumulating in the gap between the two guide rods (51)
  • the corresponding reel (4) area is arranged obliquely with respect to the guide rod (51), and the side of the reel (4) far away from the guide rod is lower than the side close to the guide rod (51).
  • the length of the two guide rods (51) can be the same or different. If the lengths of the two guide rods are the same, it is not easy to slip into the gap between the two guide rods when the traction rope passes through the two guide rods. When the lengths of the two guide rods (51) are different, it is advantageous for the traction rope to enter the gap between the two guide rods (51), thereby improving the working efficiency of the winch.
  • one of the two guide rods (51) is 13 cm in length and the other is 12 cm in length. The length of the two guide rods differs by 1 cm, which facilitates the penetration of the traction rope. When the traction rope slides in for the first time, it can facilitate the entry of the traction rope.
  • the guide rod may also include a guide rod body (510) and a guide rod head (511).
  • the surface distance of the two guide rods mentioned above specifically refers to the surface distance of the two guide rod bodies (510), that is, the surface distance of the two guide rod bodies (510) is greater than or equal to one traction
  • the diameter of the rope is less than or equal to the diameter of the two traction ropes.
  • the surface distance of the two guide rod heads (511) is greater than or equal to the diameter of a traction rope and less than the surface distance of the two guide rod bodies (510).
  • the two guide rod heads (511) Since the surface distance of the two guide rod heads (511) is smaller than the surface distance of the two guide rod bodies (510), after the traction rope slides into the two guide rods (51), the two guide rod heads (511) It can reduce the probability of the traction rope slipping out to a certain extent.
  • the guide rod is not specifically limited.
  • the guide rod can be made of a steel structure with a layer of stainless steel sleeve on the outside.
  • the sleeve is polished to ensure that the outer edge is smooth, so as to be able to friction with the traction rope.
  • the force is as small as possible.
  • the hoisting machine may also include an anti-falling device (6).
  • the anti-falling device (6) is installed on a hook a, and the hook a is fixed on the first base (11) through a rod-shaped steel.
  • the anti-falling device can be detached from the hook a.
  • the hook a and the rope guide mechanism (5) are on the same side of the reel (4), and the rope guide mechanism (5) is located between the fall prevention device (6) and the reel (4).
  • the hook a and the rope guide mechanism (5) are both fixed on the top plate of the first base (11), then the hook a and the rope guide mechanism (5) are both above the reel (4) and prevent falling
  • the device (6) is above the rope guiding mechanism (5); the hook a and the rope guiding mechanism (5) are both fixed on the bottom plate of the first base (11), and the hook a and the rope guiding mechanism (5) are both fixed on the bottom plate of the first base (11). It is under the reel (4), and the anti-falling device (6) is under the rope guide mechanism (5).
  • the fall prevention device (6) can refer to the structure of the chest riser, the fall prevention device includes a buckle (60), a body (61), a clip (62), a pressure piece (63) ) And spring (64), the buckle (60) can be provided with multiple and interlocked, the buckle (60) is detachably buckled on the hook a, and the body (61) is buckled on the buckle (60) ), the traction rope passes through the body (61), one end of the clip (62) is rotatably connected with the body (61), and the other end of the clip (62) is provided with a barb, which can make the traction rope follow the clip The wire is routed in the direction of the barb setting on the piece (62).
  • Fig. 11 Please refer to Fig. 11 for details. If the towing rope moves in the direction in which the barbs are arranged (positive movement), the barbs have no effect on the towing rope, and the towing rope can be routed smoothly.
  • triangles represent barbs (also called inverted teeth, ratchets, etc.). As shown in Figure 11 (a), when the towing rope moves along the direction in which the barbs are arranged, the barbs will not affect the towing rope.
  • the anti-falling device (6) can be arranged along two directions of the traction rope. Specifically, if the hoist is installed at the bottom of the iron tower, when the rope is retracted, the anti-falling device (6) is located below the height of the hook a, see Fig. 12 for details. At this time, the anti-falling device (6) allows the traction rope to pass downward in the forward direction. When the rope is laid, the anti-falling device (6) is located above the height of the hook a, please refer to Figure 13 for details. At this time, the anti-falling device (6) allows the traction rope to pass through in an upward direction.
  • the length of the anti-falling device (6) does not exceed the length of the rod-shaped steel, so that the influence of the anti-falling device on the rope winding or unwinding process of the reel (4) can be avoided.
  • the height of the hook a relative to the top plate of the first base may be 45 cm to 50 cm.
  • the length of the anti-falling device (6) can be about 35 cm, and there can be a floating space of about 70 cm above and below the anti-falling device, which can avoid the situation that the height cannot be retracted during the hoisting process.
  • the height of the heavy object can be lowered by up to 70 cm.
  • the traction rope in the clip (62) causes the traction rope in the clip (62) to move in the opposite direction.
  • the hoist may also include a power supply (7), which can be electrically connected to the control unit (3), and the power supply can be a DC power supply or an AC power supply, which is not limited here. Since the hoist may be operated in the field and it is difficult to obtain electricity, the hoist can be equipped with its own power supply (7) for power supply.
  • a power supply (7) which can be electrically connected to the control unit (3), and the power supply can be a DC power supply or an AC power supply, which is not limited here. Since the hoist may be operated in the field and it is difficult to obtain electricity, the hoist can be equipped with its own power supply (7) for power supply.
  • the hoist may also include a foot switch (8), the foot switch (8) can be electrically connected to the control unit (3), and the foot switch (8) can be controlled by The unit (2) controls the drive motor (2) to start and stop.
  • the foot switch (8) can control the rotation direction of the driving motor (2) through the control unit (2).
  • the foot switch (8) can free the hands of the user so that it can perform more operations at the same time.
  • the winch may also include a control panel or a remote control switch
  • the control unit (3) may also have a wireless signal receiving module
  • the working state of the drive motor (2) can be remotely controlled through the control panel or remote control switch.
  • the working state of the motor (2) may include one or a combination of one or more of the rotation direction of the driving motor (2), the rotation speed, and the start or stop. Since the foot switch (8) is controlled by feet, it is difficult to realize complex operations. At present, a certain strategy can be adopted to control the start or stop of the drive motor (2) and the direction of rotation through the foot switch (8).
  • the strategy for controlling the foot switch (8) is not restricted here. Two examples are provided below:
  • Example 1 When the operator steps on the foot switch (8) forward, the drive motor (2) will rotate forward, and if the operator steps on the foot switch (8) backward, the drive motor (2) will rotate in the reverse direction. , When the operator releases the foot, it stops rotating.
  • Example 2 The preset rotation direction is positive, step twice in a row to change the direction of rotation, step once to start, and step again to stop.
  • the winch can be installed on the top of the tower or at the bottom of the tower. It can lift heavy objects or lower heavy objects, which is not limited here.
  • the material of the traction rope is not limited.
  • the traction rope can be a nylon rope or a steel rope.
  • this application provides a hoist, which has at least the following advantages:
  • the hoist is equipped with a rope guide mechanism (5), which can guide the traction rope on the reel (4) so that the traction rope will not be entangled and knotted during high-speed movement, thereby improving the hoisting efficient.
  • the length of the two guide rods (51) in the rope guide mechanism (5) can be inconsistent, which is beneficial to the gap through which the traction rope penetrates, and can improve the working efficiency of the hoist.
  • the hoist can be provided with an anti-falling device (6), which can prevent the traction rope from running backwards, thereby preventing heavy objects from falling, and improving the safety performance of the hoist.
  • the distance between the first base (11) and the second base (12) in the hoist can be adjusted by the adjusting screw (10), so that the fixed base (1) can be fixed in different shapes and sizes. Fixed objects, so that the hoist can be adapted to tower feet or tower tops of various shapes and sizes during use.
  • the reel (4) can be arranged obliquely with respect to the guide rod (51), and the side of the reel (4) away from the guide rod (51) is lower than the side close to the guide rod (51). Therefore, in the process of retracting the traction rope of the hoist, the traction rope retracted first can slide into the lower side of the reel (4) under the action of gravity, thereby avoiding the accumulation of the retracted traction rope on the two guide rods ( The area of the reel (4) corresponding to the gap between 51).
  • the hoist can be equipped with a foot switch (8), which can liberate the operator's hands, so that while controlling the hoist foot switch, the operator can also control the traction rope with both hands, which can improve the work of the operator efficient.
  • a non-slip groove (40) can be provided on the reel (4). This can play a non-slip effect on the traction rope.
  • the winch can also include a power supply (7), which can solve the problem of difficulty in obtaining electricity at the communication construction site.
  • orientation words such as “front, back, up, down, left, right", “horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal” and “top, bottom” and other directions indicate the orientation Or positional relationship is usually based on the positional or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only used to facilitate the description of the application and simplify the description. Unless otherwise stated, these positional words do not indicate or imply the pointed device or element It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be understood as a limitation of the scope of protection of the present application; the orientation word “inside, outside” refers to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.
  • spatial relative terms can be used here, such as “above”, “above”, “above the surface”, “above”, etc., to describe as shown in the figure Shows the spatial positional relationship between one device or feature and other devices or features. It should be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation of the device described in the figure. For example, if the device in the drawing is turned upside down, then a device described as “above other devices or structures” or “above other devices or structures” will then be positioned as “below the other devices or structures” or “on Under other devices or structures”. Thus, the exemplary term “above” may include both orientations “above” and “below”. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated by 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the relative description of the space used here will be explained accordingly.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

一种卷扬机，该卷扬机包括：固定基座（1）、驱动电机（2）、控制单元（3）、卷轴（4）和导绳机构（5）；卷轴（4）设置在固定基座（1）上，驱动电机（2）设置在固定基座（1）上，驱动电机（2）与卷轴（4）连接，驱动电机（2）用于驱动卷轴（4）进行转动，控制单元（3）用于控制驱动电机（2）的工作状态；导绳机构（5）包括两根导杆（51），两根导杆（51）固定于固定基座（1）上，导绳机构（5）与卷轴（4）相对设置，两根导杆（51）的表面距离大于或等于一根牵引绳的直径且小于或等于两根牵引绳的直径，两根导杆（51）用于导引牵引绳；当该卷扬机工作时，该导绳机构（5）可以导引卷轴（4）上盘绕的牵引绳，使得该牵引绳在高速运动中不会缠绕打结，从而可以提高吊装效率。

Description

一种卷扬机
本申请要求于2020年02月17日提交中国专利局、申请号为202020177489.0、发明名称为“一种卷扬机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及机械吊装技术领域，具体涉及一种卷扬机。
背景技术
在工程施工中，物料需要吊装到铁塔、抱杆、桅杆等高处进行安装。如基站微波共站，重物的吊装是作业的瓶颈。
若采用人工吊装的方式，比较费时费力，而且存在较大的安全隐患。目前在吊装过程中通常会采用卷扬机进行吊装。卷扬机又称为绞车，是用卷筒盘绕钢丝或链条来提升或者牵引重物的设备，卷扬机通过用卷筒盘绕钢绳提升或牵引重物，可以垂直提升、水平或倾斜拽引重物。
在使用卷扬机吊装重物过程中，可以将卷扬机固定，卷扬机机通过电动动力带动曲轴转动，以使曲轴上固定的牵引绳沿轴盘绕，实现对牵引绳另一端固定的物料提升。该结构的卷扬机需要在卷扬机上固定盘绕足够长度的牵引绳。然而该卷扬机在工作时，卷轴上盘绕的牵引绳有可能在高速运动中缠绕打结，从而影响吊装效率。
实用新型内容
本申请第一方面提供了一种卷扬机，该卷扬机包括：固定基座(1)、驱动电机(2)、控制单元(3)、卷轴(4)和导绳机构(5)；卷轴(4)设置在固定基座(1)上，驱动电机(2)设置在固定基座(1)上，驱动电机(2)与卷轴(4)连接，驱动电机(2)用于驱动卷轴(4)进行转动，控制单元(3)用于控制驱动电机(2)的工作状态；导绳机构(5)包括两根导杆(51)，两根导杆(51)固定于固定基座(1)上，导绳机构(5)与卷轴(4)相对设置，两根导杆(51)的表面距离大于或等于一根牵引绳的直径且小于或等于两根牵引绳的直径，两根导杆(51)用于导引盘绕在卷轴(4)上的牵引绳。当该卷扬机工作时，该导绳机构(5)可以导引卷轴(4)上盘绕的牵引绳，该牵引绳在高速运动中不会缠绕打结，从而可以提高吊装效率。
可选的，结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，两根导杆(51)长度不一致。该两根导杆(51)长度不一致有利于牵引绳进入两根导杆(51)之间的缝隙，从而可以提高该卷扬机的工作效率。
可选的，结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，卷扬机还包括防坠落装置(6)，固定基座(1)上设置有挂钩，防坠落装置(6)安装于挂钩上，且该导绳机构(5)位于防坠落装置(6)和卷轴(4)之间，防坠落装置(6)用于引导穿过防坠落装置(6)的牵引绳单向走线。若出现意外，该防坠落装置(6)可以防止牵引绳逆向走线，从而可以防止重物坠落，这样可以提高卷扬机的安全性 能。
可选的，结合第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，防坠落装置(6)包括扣环(60)、本体(61)、卡件(62)、压件(63)和弹簧(64)，本体(61)扣接在扣环(60)上，牵引绳穿过本体(61)，卡件(62)的一端与本体(61)可转动连接，卡件(62)另一端设有倒钩，压件(63)的一端与卡件(62)可转动连接，压件(63)的另一端与本体(61)抵接，弹簧(64)连接压件(63)和卡件(62)，牵引绳沿着卡件(62)上的倒钩设置的方向走线。具体的，该防坠落装置(6)可以通过该卡件(62)的倒钩使得牵引绳沿着卡件(62)的倒钩设置的方向正向走线。
可选的，结合第一方面至第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中任意一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，固定基座(1)包括第一基座(11)、第二基座(12)和调节螺杆(10)，调节螺杆(10)的一端与第一基座(11)连接，调节螺杆(10)穿过第二基座(12)并与第二基座(12)连接，调节螺杆(10)用于调节第一基座(11)与第二基座(12)之间的距离；卷轴(4)可转动的设置在第一基座(11)侧板外表面上，驱动电机(2)设置于第一基座(11)侧板外表面上，驱动电机(2)与卷轴(4)相连。该调节螺杆(10)可以调节第一基座(11)与第二基座(12)之间的距离，从而使得该固定基座(1)可以固定在不同形状的固定物上。该卷扬机在使用过程中，可以适配多种形状与尺寸的塔脚或塔顶。
可选的，结合第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，第一基座(11)上设置有第一卡槽(110)，第二基座(12)上设置有第二卡槽(120)，第一卡槽(110)和第二卡槽(120)相向设置，调节螺杆(10)用于调节第一卡槽(110)与第二卡槽(120)之间的距离。该调节螺杆(10)可以调节第一卡槽(110)与第二卡槽(120)之间的距离，从而可以使得该固定基座(1)可以固定在不同形状的固定物上。该卷扬机在使用过程中，可以适配多种形状与尺寸的塔脚或塔顶。
可选的，结合第一方面至第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，卷轴(4)相对于导杆(51)倾斜设置，且卷轴(4)远离导杆(51)的一侧低于靠近导杆(51)的一侧。从而该卷扬机在收入牵引绳的过程中，可以使得先收进来的牵引绳在重力作用下滑入该卷轴(4)较低的一侧，从而可以避免收进来的牵引绳堆积在两根导杆(51)之间的缝隙所对应的卷轴(4)区域。
可选的，结合第一方面至第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，卷扬机还包括脚踏开关(8)，脚踏开关(8)与控制单元(3)电连接。该脚踏开关可以解放操作人员的双手，可以使得操作人员在控制卷扬机脚踏开关的同时，双手还可以控制牵引绳，可以提高操作人员的工作效率。
可选的，结合第一方面至第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，卷轴(4)上设置有防滑槽(40)。该卷轴上的防滑槽(40)可以对牵引绳起到防滑的作用。
可选的，结合第一方面的至第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第九种可能的实现方式中，卷扬机还包括电源(7)，电源(7)与控制单元(3)电连接，电源(7)为直流电源或者交流电源。该电源可以为交流电源或直流电源。在不易取电的情况下可以 使用直流电源。
本申请提供了一种卷扬机，该卷扬机包括：固定基座(1)、驱动电机(2)、控制单元(3)、卷轴(4)和导绳机构(5)；卷轴(4)设置在固定基座(1)上，驱动电机(2)设置在固定基座(1)上，驱动电机(2)与卷轴(4)连接，驱动电机(2)用于驱动卷轴(4)进行转动，控制单元(3)用于控制驱动电机(2)的工作状态；导绳机构(5)包括两根导杆(51)，两根导杆(51)固定于固定基座(1)上，导绳机构(5)与卷轴(4)相对设置，两根导杆(51)之间的距离大于或等于一根牵引绳的直径且小于或等于两根牵引绳的直径，两根导杆(51)用于导引盘绕在卷轴(4)上的牵引绳。当该卷扬机工作时，该导绳机构(5)可以导引卷轴(4)上盘绕的牵引绳，该牵引绳在高速运动中不会缠绕打结，从而可以提高吊装效率。
附图说明
图1为本申请提供的现有技术中一种人力吊装重物的场景图；
图2为本申请提供的一种卷扬机吊装的场景图；
图3为本申请提供的现有技术中一种卷扬机的结构示意图；
图4为本申请提供的一种卷扬机的立体图；
图5为本申请提供的一种卷扬机的立体图；
图6为本申请提供的一种卷扬机的立体图；
图7为本申请提供的一种卷扬机中卷轴与导杆相对设置的示意图；
图8为本申请提供的一种卷扬机中两根导杆的示意图；
图9为本申请提供的一种卷扬机中防坠落装置与挂钩的扣接示意图；
图10为本申请提供的一种卷扬机中防坠落装置的结构示意图；
图11为本申请提供的一种防坠落装置中卡件，在牵引绳正向运动与逆向运动情况下的结构示意图；
图12为本申请提供的一种当卷扬机在收绳过程中防坠落装置与牵引绳之间的场景图；
图13为本申请提供的一种当卷扬机在放绳过程中防坠落装置与牵引绳之间的场景图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或模块的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步 骤或模块，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或模块。
在工程施工中，物料需要吊装到铁塔、抱杆、桅杆等高处进行安装。如基站微波共站，重物的吊装是作业的瓶颈。
请参见图1所示的人力吊装重物的场景图，以天线为需要吊装的物料为例进行说明，假定吊装的预设高度为铁塔距离地面50米的高度。采用人工吊装的方式至少需要5个人(图1中需要A、B、C、D、E 5个人)1小时完成一面天线的吊装。该图中，A在该铁塔上预设高度处辅助B、C、D拉吊装绳，当天线上升至预设高度时A将天线从牵引绳上释放出来；B、C、D在铁塔一侧提供拉力，使得该天线上升至预设高度；E在铁塔的另一侧控制牵引绳，以避免天线与铁塔发生碰撞。
若采用上述人工吊装的方式，比较费时费力，而且存在较大的安全隐患。若该B、C、D松手，可能会使得该天线坠落将E砸伤，该天线也可能由于坠落而损坏。所以，在目前吊装过程中通常会采用卷扬机进行吊装。卷扬机又称为绞车，是用卷筒盘绕钢丝或链条来提升或者牵引重物的设备，卷扬机通过用卷筒盘绕钢绳提升或牵引重物，可以垂直提升、水平或倾斜拽引重物。
图2提供了一种利用卷扬机吊装的场景图。请参见图2，采用卷扬机吊装需要3个人(图2中需要A、B、C 3个人)完成吊装。该卷扬机可以固定在一侧塔底的位置(图2中A处)，A在卷扬机附近通过开关控制该卷扬机；B在铁塔的另一侧控制牵引绳，以避免天线与铁塔发生碰撞；C在该铁塔上预设高度处当天线上升至预设高度时将天线从牵引绳上释放出来。采用该卷扬机吊装重物可以节约人力。
图3提供了一种应用于图2所示吊装场景的现有卷扬机的结构示意图，该卷扬机包括电动机(01)、传动装置(02)、两个联轴器(03)、工作机(04)。该传动装置(02)的一端通过联轴器(03)与电动机(01)连接，另一端通过联轴器(03)与工作机(04)相连。当卷扬机工作时，该电动机(01)通过联轴器(03)带动传动装置(03)转动，该传动装置(03)再通过联轴器(03)带动工作机(04)转动，从而将重物提升。
图3所示的卷扬机在工作过程中，盘绕的牵引绳容易在高速运动中缠绕打结，从而影响吊装效率。有鉴于此，本申请提供了一种卷扬机，具体请参见图4、图5及图6为该卷扬机三个角度的立体图。该卷扬机包括：固定基座(1)、驱动电机(2)、控制单元(3)、卷轴(4)、导绳机构(5)、防坠落装置(6)、电源(7)、脚踏开关(8)。
请参见图4与图5，该固定基座(1)包括第一基座(11)、第二基座(12)和至少两个调节螺杆(10)。该第一基座(11)与第二基座(12)可以包含顶板、底板和侧板。其中，顶板与侧板固定连接，侧板与底板固定连接，且顶板与底板相对设置。该调节螺杆(10)的一端与该第一基座(11)侧板的内表面固定连接，该调节螺杆(10)穿过该第二基座(12)的侧板并与该第二基座(12)的侧板可活动连接，该调节螺杆(10)用于调节该第一基座(11)与该第二基座(12)之间的距离。该第一基座(11)侧板的内表面指该第一基座(11)侧板与第二基座(12)相对靠近一侧的表面，该第一基座(11)侧板的外表面指该第一基座(11)侧板与第二基座相对远离一侧的表面。
进一步的，请参见图5，该第一基座(11)的顶板和底板上设置有第一卡槽(110)，第 二基座(12)的顶板和底板上设置有第二卡槽(120)。第一卡槽(110)和第二卡槽(120)相向设置，调节螺杆(10)用于调节第一卡槽(110)与第二卡槽(120)之间的距离。可以通过调节螺杆(10)调节该第一卡槽(110)与第二卡槽(120)之间距离，从而使得该第一卡槽(110)与第二卡槽(120)能够卡接多种形状与大小的物体。该第一卡槽(110)与第二卡槽(120)的形状不限定。示例性的，该第一卡槽(110)与第二卡槽(120)可以为三角形，可以有效的卡接多种形状与大小的柱体。该第一卡槽(110)与第二卡槽(120)的深度不做限制，可以根据需要卡接的柱体尺寸定制。
需说明的是，该第一基座(11)的顶板和底板，与第二基座的顶板和底板上也可以设置其他数量的卡槽，只要能够将柱体卡接在卡槽中即可，此处不做限制。示例性的，在其他实施方式中，也可以只在该第一基座(11)的顶板上设置卡槽，而不在第二基座(12)的顶板上设置卡槽，可以通过调节该调节螺杆(10)，使得第一基座(11)与第二基座(12)卡接多种形状的柱体；或者在该第一基座(11)上设置两个卡槽，该第二基座上设置一个卡槽，也可以调节该调节螺杆，使得该第一基座(11)与第二基座(12)卡接多种形状与大小的柱体。
需要指出的是，若底板与顶板上设置的卡槽形状不相同，可能会出现顶板上的卡槽卡住了柱体，而底板上的卡槽没有卡住的情况，这样底板上设置的卡槽就没有起到作用。所以，该第一基座(11)的底板需要设置与该第一基座(11)的顶板相同形状的卡槽，该第二基座(12)的底板需要设置与该第二基座(12)的顶板相同的卡槽。这样顶板与底板可以卡住同样形状与大小的柱体。
请参见图4，该驱动电机(2)设置在固定基座(1)上，具体的，该驱动电机(2)设置在该第一基座(11)侧板的外表面上。该驱动电机(2)与第一基座(11)固定连接的方式不限定，可以通过焊接，铆接等。该驱动电机(2)与卷轴(4)驱动连接，该驱动电机(2)用于驱动该卷轴(4)进行转动。示例性的，该驱动电机(2)可以通过联轴器与卷轴(4)相连。
该控制单元(3)用于控制驱动电机(2)的工作状态。示例性的，该驱动电机的工作状态可以包括驱动电机(2)驱动卷轴(4)转动的方向、转动的速度等，此处不做限定。该控制单元(3)可以为芯片或电路板等，设置于该驱动电机(2)内部；该控制单元(3)也可以为一个单独的结构与驱动电机(2)相互独立，且该控制单元(3)与驱动电机(2)电连接。该控制单元(2)可以根据预先设定的程序代码或者预先设置的电路结构控制该驱动电机(2)的工作状态。该控制单元(3)上可以设置控制面板，通过在控制面板上的操作可以设置驱动电机(2)转动的方向、转动的速度或者控制该驱动电机启动或停止；该控制单元(3)也可以配置有遥控开关，通过接收遥控开关的无线信号从而设置驱动电机(2)转动的方向、转动的速度或控制该驱动电机启动或者停止。
进一步的，请参见图5，该卷轴(4)上还可以设有防滑槽(40)，该防滑槽的形状不限定，该防滑槽(40)可以使得卷轴(4)的表面变得凹凸不平，从而可以增大摩擦系数，当牵引绳与卷轴(4)的表面接触时，该防滑槽(40)可以增加卷轴(4)与牵引绳之间的摩擦力，从而防止卷轴(4)收绳时打滑。
继续参见图5，该导绳机构(5)包括两根导杆(51)。该两根导杆(51)固定于固定基 座(1)上。具体地，该导绳机构(5)还可以包括固定块(50)，两根导杆(51)安装于固定块(50)上，该固定块(50)安装于第一基座(11)的顶板上。该两根导杆(51)安装于固定块(50)的方式不限定，该固定块(50)安装于第一基座(11)的方式不限定。示例性的，可以包括焊接、铆接等。
可以理解的是，在另一种实施方式中，该导绳机构(5)也可以固定于第一基座(1)的底板上，在这种情况下该“底板”相当于前述实施方式中的“顶板”。相当于将前述实施方式中的卷扬机翻转180度。
需说明的是，导绳机构(5)与所述卷轴(4)相对设置，该卷扬机可以设置在塔底也可以设置在塔顶。卷扬机设置在塔底与卷扬机设置在塔顶时绝对位置会发生变化，但是相对位置不变。若该卷扬机设置在塔底，如图2中的A处时，该导绳机构(5)位于卷轴(4)的上方。若卷扬机设置在塔顶，如图2中的C处时，该导绳机构(5)位于卷轴(4)的下方。也就是说，当该卷扬机设置在塔顶时，与设置在塔底相比，该卷扬机翻转180度。
该导绳机构(5)中，两根导杆(51)的表面距离大于或等于一根牵引绳的直径且小于或等于两根牵引绳的直径，该两根导杆(51)用于导引盘绕在卷轴上的牵引绳。该两根导杆(51)可以平行设置，也可以不平行，此处不做限制。需说明的是，当两根导杆(51)平行时，该两根导杆(51)的表面距离等于两者中心轴之间的距离减去两根导杆(51)的半径后得到的值。该两根导杆(51)的表面距离为一个确定值。该确定值大于或等于一根牵引绳的直径且小于或等于两根牵引绳的直径。
当该两根导杆(51)不平行时，若两根导杆(51)中一根导杆为A，一根导杆为B，(导杆A的长度小于或等于导杆B的长度)。则可以取导杆A的中心轴上任意一点向导杆B的中心轴作垂线，可以确定该垂线与导杆B中心轴的交点。这样可以确定导杆A的中心轴上任意一点到导杆B中心轴的距离。当两根导杆(51)中导杆A与导杆B不平行时，该两根导杆(51)的表面距离可以理解为导杆A的中心轴上的点到导杆B中心轴的距离减去两根导杆(51)的半径后得到的值。该两根导杆(51)的表面距离为一个取值范围。该取值范围中最小值大于或等于一根牵引绳的直径，最大值小于或等于两根牵引绳的直径。
当该卷扬机工作时，该导绳机构(5)可以导引卷轴(4)上盘绕的牵引绳，该牵引绳在高速运动中不会缠绕打结，从而可以提高吊装效率。
需说明的是，该两根导杆(51)的表面距离在大于或等于一根牵引绳的直径且小于或等于两根牵引绳的直径范围内时，可以对牵引绳起到导引作用。若该两根导杆(51)的表面距离小于一根牵引绳的直径，该牵引绳无法通过该两根导杆(51)之间的缝隙。若两根导杆(51)的表面距离大于两根牵引绳之间的距离，该牵引绳在已经打结的情况下，仍然有可能通过该两根导杆(51)之间的缝隙，这样，该两根导杆(51)的导引效果将会减弱。
请参见图7，该卷轴(4)相对于导杆(51)倾斜设置，且卷轴(4)远离导杆的一侧低于靠近导杆(51)的一侧。当该卷轴收牵引绳的时候，可以使得先收进来的牵引绳在重力作用下滑入远离导杆的一侧，从而可以避免收进来的牵引绳堆积在两根导杆(51)之间的缝隙所对应的卷轴(4)区域。
该两根导杆(51)长度可以相同也可以不相同。若两根导杆的长度相同，当牵引绳穿入两根导杆时不容易滑入两根导杆之间的缝隙。当两根导杆(51)的长度不相同时，有利 于牵引绳进入两根导杆(51)之间的缝隙，从而可以提高该卷扬机的工作效率。请参见图8，两根导杆(51)中一根导杆长度为13厘米，一根12厘米，两根导杆长度相差1厘米，便于牵引绳穿入。当牵引绳初次滑入的时候，可以有利于牵引绳进入。
需要说明的是，该导杆还可以包括导杆本体(510)和导杆头(511)。此时，上文所提到的两根导杆的表面距离具体指的是两根导杆本体(510)的表面距离，即两根导杆本体(510)的表面距离大于或等于一根牵引绳的直径且小于或等于两根牵引绳的直径。该两个导杆头(511)的表面距离大于或等于一根牵引绳的直径且小于该两个导杆本体(510)的表面距离。由于该两个导杆头(511)的表面距离小于该两个导杆本体(510)的表面距离，在牵引绳滑入两根导杆(51)之后，该两个导杆头(511)可以在一定程度上降低牵引绳滑出的概率。
该导杆的材料具体不做限制，示例性的，该导杆可以采用钢结构，外面加一层不锈钢套筒，套筒经过打磨用以保证外沿光滑，从而可以与牵引绳之间的摩擦力尽可能小。
进一步的，该卷扬机还可以包括防坠落装置(6)。该防坠落装置(6)安装于挂钩a上，该挂钩a通过一根杆状钢固定于该第一基座(11)上。该防坠落装置可以从该挂钩a上拆卸下来。需要说明的是，该挂钩a和导绳机构(5)在卷轴(4)的同一侧，导绳机构(5)位于防坠落装置(6)和该卷轴(4)之间。例如，该挂钩a和导绳机构(5)都固定于该第一基座(11)的顶板上，则该挂钩a和导绳机构(5)都在卷轴(4)的上方，且防坠落装置(6)在导绳机构(5)的上方；该挂钩a和导绳机构(5)都固定于该第一基座(11)的底板上，则挂钩a和导绳机构(5)都在卷轴(4)的下方，且防坠落装置(6)在导绳机构(5)的下方。
请参照图9与图10，该防坠落装置(6)可以参照胸式上升器的结构，该防坠落装置包括扣环(60)、本体(61)、卡件(62)、压件(63)和弹簧(64)，该扣环(60)可以设置多个并环环相扣，该扣环(60)可拆卸的扣接在挂钩a上，本体(61)扣接在扣环(60)上，牵引绳穿过该本体(61)，该卡件(62)的一端与本体(61)可转动连接，卡件(62)的另一端设有倒钩，可以使得牵引绳沿着卡件(62)上的倒钩设置的方向走线。
具体请参见图11，若该牵引绳沿着倒钩设置的方向运动(正向运动)，则该倒钩对牵引绳无影响，该牵引绳可以顺利走线。图11中，三角形代表倒钩(又可以叫做倒齿、棘轮等)。如图11中的(a)图，当该牵引绳顺着倒钩设置的方向运动时，该倒钩不会对牵引绳产生影响。
若牵引绳逆着倒钩设置的方向运动(逆向运动)，则该牵引绳会被该倒钩卡住，从而无法走线。如图11中的(b)图，当该牵引绳逆着倒钩设置的方向运动时，则该牵引绳会被倒钩卡住，从而无法走线。该压件(63)一端与卡件(62)可转动连接，压件(63)的另一端与本体(61)抵接，该弹簧连接该压件(63)和卡件(62)，从而可以使得牵引绳单向走线。
需说明的是，该防坠落装置(6)可以沿着牵引绳的两个方向设置。具体的，若该卷扬机设置于铁塔底部，当收绳时，该防坠落装置(6)位于该挂钩a的高度以下，具体请参见图12。此时，该防坠落装置(6)允许牵引绳正向通过的方向向下。当放绳时，该防坠落装置(6)位于该挂钩a的高度以上，具体请参见图13。此时，该防坠落装置(6)允许牵引绳 正向通过的方向向上。该防坠落装置(6)的长度不超过该杆状钢的长度，这样可以避免防坠落装置对卷轴(4)收绳或放绳过程产生的影响。示例性的，该挂钩a相对于第一基座顶板的高度可以为45厘米至50厘米。该防坠落装置(6)的长度可以为35厘米左右，则该防坠落装置上下可以有70厘米左右的浮动空间，可以在吊装过程中避免高度不能回退的情况。例如，当浮动空间为70厘米时，若卷扬机设置在塔底，且在提升重物时将重物的高度提升超过了预设高度，则最多可以将重物的高度下降70厘米，而不会引起卡件(62)中牵引绳逆向运动。
请参见图4或图6，该卷扬机还可以包括电源(7)，该电源(7)可以与控制单元(3)电性相连，该电源可以为直流电源或交流电源，此处不做限制。由于该卷扬机可能在野外进行作业，难以取电，该卷扬机可以自带电源(7)用于供电。
进一步的，请参见图4或图6，该卷扬机还可以包括脚踏开关(8)，该脚踏开关(8)可以与控制单元(3)电连接，该脚踏开关(8)可以通过控制单元(2)控制驱动电机(2)启动停止。可选地，该脚踏开关(8)可以通过控制单元(2)控制驱动电机(2)转动的方向等。该脚踏开关(8)可以解放使用者的双手，使其可以同时进行更多操作。
需说明的是，该卷扬机还可以包括控制面板或遥控开关，该控制单元(3)还可以具有无线信号接收模块，可以通过控制面板或遥控开关远程控制驱动电机(2)的工作状态，该驱动电机(2)的工作状态可以包括驱动电机(2)转动的方向、转动的速度、启动或停止中一项或多项的组合。由于该脚踏开关(8)是通过脚控制的，很难实现复杂的操作。目前可以采用一定的策略通过该脚踏开关(8)控制驱动电机(2)启动或者停止以及转动的方向。控制该脚踏开关(8)的策略此处不做限制，以下提供两种实例：
示例一：操作人员向前踩该脚踏开关(8)，该驱动电机(2)就正向转动，操作人员向后踩该脚踏开关(8)，该驱动电机(2)就反向转动，当操作人员松开脚就停止转动。
实例二：预设转动方向为正向，连续踩两次改变转动方向，踩一次启动，再踩一次停止。
卷扬机可以安装在塔顶也可以安装在塔底，可以提升重物也可以下降重物，此处不做限定。牵引绳的材料不限定。例如，该牵引绳可以为尼龙绳或钢绳。
综上所述，本申请提供了一种卷扬机，该卷扬机至少具备以下优点：
1)该卷扬机设有导绳机构(5)，该导绳机构(5)可以导引卷轴(4)上的牵引绳，使得该牵引绳在高速运动中不会缠绕打结，从而可以提高吊装效率。
2)该导绳机构(5)中两根导杆(51)的长度可以不一致，有利于牵引绳穿入其中的缝隙，可以提高卷扬机工作效率。
3)该卷扬机中可以设置有防坠落装置(6)，可以防止牵引绳逆向走线，从而可以防止重物坠落，可以提高卷扬机的安全性能。
4)该卷扬机中第一基座(11)和第二基座(12)之间的距离可以通过调节螺杆(10)调节，从而可以使得固定基座(1)固定在不同形状，不同大小的固定物体上，这样该卷扬机在使用过程中，可以适配多种形状与尺寸的的塔脚或塔顶。
5)该卷扬机中，卷轴(4)可以相对于导杆(51)倾斜设置，且卷轴(4)远离导杆(51)的一侧低于靠近导杆(51)的一侧。从而该卷扬机在收入牵引绳的过程中，可以使得先收 进来的牵引绳在重力作用下滑入该卷轴(4)较低的一侧，从而可以避免收进来的牵引绳堆积在两根导杆(51)之间的缝隙所对应的卷轴(4)区域。
6)该卷扬机可以设置脚踏开关(8)，该脚踏开关可以解放操作人员的双手，可以使得操作人员在控制卷扬机脚踏开关的同时，双手还可以控制牵引绳，可以提高操作人员的工作效率。
7)该卷扬机中，卷轴(4)上可以设置防滑槽(40)。这样可以对牵引绳起到防滑的作用。
8)卷扬机还可以包括电源(7)，可以解决在通信施工现场取电困难的情况。
以上为本申请提供的一种卷扬机的具体实施例。需要注意的是，本申请中所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式。
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。同时，应当明白，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和装置可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和装置应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，方位词如“前、后、上、下、左、右”、“横向、竖向、垂直、水平”和“顶、底”等所指示的方位或位置关系通常是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，在未作相反说明的情况下，这些方位词并不指示和暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制；方位词“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内外。
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
此外，需要说明的是，使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本申请的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变 型，本申请的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种卷扬机，其特征在于，所述卷扬机包括：固定基座(1)、驱动电机(2)、控制单元(3)、卷轴(4)和导绳机构(5)；
    所述卷轴(4)设置在所述固定基座(1)上，所述驱动电机(2)设置在所述固定基座(1)上，所述驱动电机(2)与所述卷轴(4)连接，所述驱动电机(2)用于驱动所述卷轴(4)进行转动，所述控制单元(3)用于控制驱动电机(2)的工作状态；
    所述导绳机构(5)包括两根导杆(51)，所述两根导杆(51)固定于所述固定基座(1)上，所述导绳机构(5)与所述卷轴(4)相对设置，所述两根导杆(51)的表面距离大于或等于一根牵引绳的直径且小于或等于两根所述牵引绳的直径，所述两根导杆(51)用于导引盘绕在所述卷轴(4)上的所述牵引绳。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的卷扬机，其特征在于，所述两根导杆(51)长度不一致。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的卷扬机，其特征在于，所述卷扬机还包括防坠落装置(6)，所述固定基座(1)上设置有挂钩，所述防坠落装置(6)安装于所述挂钩上，且所述导绳机构(5)位于所述防坠落装置(6)和所述卷轴(4)之间，所述防坠落装置(6)用于引导穿过所述防坠落装置(6)的所述牵引绳单向走线。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的卷扬机，其特征在于，所述防坠落装置(6)包括扣环(60)、本体(61)、卡件(62)、压件(63)和弹簧(64)，所述本体(61)扣接在所述扣环(60)上，所述牵引绳穿过所述本体(61)，所述卡件(62)的一端与所述本体(61)可转动连接，所述卡件(62)另一端设有倒钩，所述压件(63)的一端与所述卡件(62)可转动连接，所述压件(63)的另一端与所述本体(61)抵接，所述弹簧(64)连接所述压件(63)和所述卡件(62)，所述牵引绳沿着所述卡件(62)上的倒钩设置的方向正向走线。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任意一项所述的卷扬机，其特征在于，所述固定基座(1)包括第一基座(11)、第二基座(12)和调节螺杆(10)，所述调节螺杆(10)的一端与所述第一基座(11)连接，所述调节螺杆(10)穿过所述第二基座(12)并与所述第二基座(12)连接，所述调节螺杆(10)用于调节所述第一基座(11)与所述第二基座(12)之间的距离；
    所述卷轴(4)可转动的设置在所述第一基座(11)侧板外表面上，所述驱动电机(2)设置于所述第一基座(11)侧板外表面上，所述驱动电机(2)与所述卷轴(4)相连。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的卷扬机，其特征在于,所述第一基座(11)上设置有第一卡槽(110)，所述第二基座(12)上设置有第二卡槽(120)，所述第一卡槽(110)和所述第二卡槽(120)相向设置，所述调节螺杆(10)用于调节所述第一卡槽(110)与所述第二卡槽(120)之间的距离。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任意一项所述的卷扬机，其特征在于，所述卷轴(4)相对于所述导杆(51)倾斜设置，且所述卷轴(4)远离导杆(51)的一侧低于靠近导杆(51)的一侧。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任意一项所述的卷扬机，其特征在于，所述卷扬机还包括脚踏开关(8)，所述脚踏开关(8)与控制单元(3)电连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任意一项所述的卷扬机，其特征在于，所述卷轴(4)上设置有防滑槽(40)。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任意一项所述的卷扬机，其特征在于，所述卷扬机还包括电源(7)，所述电源(7)与控制单元(3)电连接，所述电源(7)为直流电源或者交流电源。
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