Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
  • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
  • A61K31/4035—Isoindoles, e.g. phthalimide
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to methods of decreasing amyloid b monomers and methods of treating cognitive decline in a subject, wherein the treatment results in an increase in amyloid b oligomers and a reduction in cognitive decline.
• the present disclosure relates to treating cognitive decline, wherein target engagement can be measured in the clinic after treating.
• Figure 1 describes percent change in levels of Ab oligomers in patients measured by microimmunoelectrode.
• Figure 2 describes percent change in levels of Ab oligomers in CSF from patients, measured by Western Blot.
• Figure 3 describes the correlation between measurement of Ab oligomers measured by microimmunoelectrode and by Western Blot, calculated by Spearman correlation analysis.
• Figure 4 describes CT1812 related increase in Ab oligomers in patient CSF over time as measured by microimmunoelectrode.
• Figure 5 describes CT1812 related increase in Ab oligomers in patient CSF over time as measured by Western Blot.
• Figure 6 describes the concentrations of CT1812 in the plasma and CSF of patients after treatment.
• Figure 7 describes a three-point difference in Alzheimer’ s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-COG) score between treated and untreated patients after 185 days of treatment.
• ADAS-COG Alzheimer’ s Disease Assessment Scale
• Figure 8 describes the decrease in Ab monomer (Ab 1-42) levels in patients treated with a total daily dose of 300 mg CT1812 for 185 days.
• the term “about” means plus or minus 10% of the numerical value of the number with which it is being used. Therefore, about 50% means in the range of 45% -55%.
• administering when used in conjunction with the compounds of the disclosure refers to providing the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions according to any of the embodiments described herein, to a subject in need of treatment.
• the subject is a mammal, more preferably a human.
• the present invention comprises administering the compound or pharmaceutical composition of the invention alone or in conjunction with another therapeutic agent.
• the compound or pharmaceutical composition of the invention and the other therapeutic agent can be administered at the same time or different times, and by the same routes of administration or by different routes of administration.
• a compound may be administered by oral administration, intravenous administration, intraperitoneal administration, or any other route of administration known in the art.
• amyloid b levels includes any measurement of the amount of amyloid b measured in a sample collected from a subject.
• the sample may include, but is not limited to, cerebral spinal fluid, hippocampal interstitial fluid, and plasma.
• the amyloid b levels may be measured using any method to measure the concentration or amount of a protein, which may include, but it not limited to, use of microimmunoelectrodes or Western Blot.
• animal as used herein includes, but is not limited to, humans and non-human vertebrates such as wild, domestic and farm animals.
• cogntive decline can be any negative change in an animal’s cognitive function.
• cognitive decline includes but is not limited to, memory loss (e.g. behavioral memory loss), failure to acquire new memories, confusion, impaired judgment, personality changes, disorientation, or any combination thereof.
• a compound that is effective to treat cognitive decline can be thus effective by restoring long term neuronal potentiation (LTP) or long term neuronal depression (LTD) or a balance of synaptic plasticity measured electrophysiologically; inhibiting, treating, and/or abatement of neurodegeneration; inhibiting, treating, and/or abatement of general amyloidosis; inhibiting, treating, abatement of one or more of amyloid production, amyloid assembly, amyloid aggregation, and amyloid oligomer binding; inhibiting, treating, and/or abatement of a nonlethal effect of one or more of Ab species on a neuron cell (such as synapse loss or dysfunction and abnormal membrane trafficking); and any combination thereof.
• LTP long term neuronal potentiation
• LTD long term neuronal depression
• a balance of synaptic plasticity measured electrophysiologically inhibiting, treating, and/or abatement of neurodegeneration
• AD Alzheimer’s Disease
• MCI Mild Cognitive Impairment
• AAMI Age-associated Memory Impairment
• ARCD Age-Related Cognitive Decline
• PCAD preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease
• CIND Cognitive Impairment No Dementia
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
• examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic groups such as amines; and alkali or organic salts of acidic groups such as carboxylic acids.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
• such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, and nitric; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, and isethionic.
• inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, and nitric
• organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric,
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound that contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
• such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred.
• Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1990, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• Non-human animals includes all vertebrates, e.g. mammals and non-mammals, such as non-human primates, sheep, dogs, cats, cows, horses, chickens, amphibians, and reptiles, although mammals are preferred, such as non-human primates, sheep, dogs, cats, cows and horses.
• Preferred subjects include human patients.
• the methods are particularly suitable for treating human patients having a condition, disease or disorder described herein.
• terapéutica means an agent utilized to treat, combat, ameliorate, prevent or improve an unwanted condition or disease of a patient.
• a “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition according to any embodiment described herein, is an amount sufficient to produce a selected effect on at least one symptom or parameter of a specific disease or disorder.
• the therapeutic effect may be objective (i.e., measurable by some test or marker ) or subjective (i.e., subject gives an indication of or feels an effect or physician observes a change).
• the effect contemplated herein, includes both medical therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment, as appropriate.
• the specific dose of a compound administered according to this disclosure to obtain therapeutic and/or prophylactic effects is determined by the particular circumstances surrounding the case, including, for example, the compound administered, the route of administration, the co-administration of other active ingredients, the condition being treated, the activity of the specific compound employed, the specific composition employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed and the duration of the treatment;.
• the therapeutically effective amount administered will be determined by the physician in the light of the foregoing relevant circumstances and the exercise of sound medical judgment.
• a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, according to any embodiment described herein, is typically an amount such that when it is administered in a physiologically tolerable excipient composition, it is sufficient to achieve an effective systemic concentration or local concentration in the tissue.
• treat refers to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or preventative measures, wherein the object is to protect against (partially or wholly) or slow down (e.g., lessen or postpone the onset of) an undesired physiological condition, disorder or disease, or to obtain beneficial or desired clinical results such as partial or total restoration or inhibition in decline of a parameter, value, function or result that had or would become abnormal.
• beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms; diminishment of the extent or vigor or rate of development of the condition, disorder or disease; stabilization (i.e., not worsening) of the state of the condition, disorder or disease; delay in onset or slowing of the progression of the condition, disorder or disease; amelioration of the condition, disorder or disease state; and remission (whether partial or total), whether or not it translates to immediate lessening of actual clinical symptoms, or enhancement or improvement of the condition, disorder or disease.
• Treatment seeks to elicit a clinically significant response without excessive levels of side effects. Treatment also includes prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment.
• the present disclosure relates to clinical results in human, the results of which were surprising and unexpected in light of the information available to a skilled artisan.
• the animal models and preclinical data suggested that CT1812 can selectively displace oligomers and increase their concentration in cerebral spinal fluid and in brain interstitial fluid but had not effect on the concentration of monomers. This was supported by data in human subjects treated with CT1812 for 28 days, which resulted in no change in amyloid b monomer concentration in the cerebral spinal fluid or interstitial fluid ( See 62/976,325, which is included herein by reference).
• the results presented here are surprising and unexpected as in some embodiments of the present disclosure describe a method of reducing amyloid b in a human subject. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method of elevating amyloid b oligomer levels in a human subject is described.
• the present disclosure describes a method of reducing amyloid b monomer levels in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula:
• the subject is a human. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with cognitive decline. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with cognitive decline wherein the cognitive decline is Alzheimer’s disease. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with Alzheimer’s disease.
• the compound is administered orally.
• the compound is administered by a route selected from the group comprising oral administration, intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, intranasal administration, intradermal administration, topical administration,
• the compound may be formulated as a tablet, as a capsule, as a powder, in a solution, in a suspension, and in an emulsion,
• a total daily dose of 10 mg to 2000 mg, of the compound is administered.
• the total daily dose of the compounds of this disclosure can be administered to a subject in single dose or in divided doses.
• the dose is 100 mg per day, in some embodiments the dose is 300 mg per day, in some embodiments the dose is 560 mg.
• a total daily dose of 100 mg of the compound is administered for at least about 6 months.
• a total daily dose of 300 mg of the compound is administered for at least about 6 months.
• a total daily dose of 560 mg is administered for at least about 6 months.
• the total daily does is about lOmg to about 2000 mg, about 100 mg to about 2000 mg, about 200 mg to about 2000 mg, about 300 mg to about 2000 mg, about 400 mg to about 2000 mg, about 500 mg to about 2000 mg, about 600 mg to about 2000 mg, about 700 mg to about 2000 mg, about 800 mg to about 2000 mg, about 900 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1000 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1200 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1400 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1600 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1800 mg to about 2000 mg, or a value within these ranges.
• Specific examples may include about 50 mg, about 100 mg, about 150 mg, about 200 mg, about 250 mg, about 300 mg, about 350 mg, about 400 mg, about 450 mg, about 500 mg, about 600 mg, about 700 mg, about 800 mg, about 900 mg, about 1000 mg, about 1100 mg, about 1200 mg, about 1300 mg, about 1400 mg, about 1500 mg, about 1600 mg, about 1700 mg, about 1800 mg, about 1900 mg, about 2000 mg, or a range between any two of these values.
• CT1812 is administered for at least 6 months. In some embodiments, some embodiments CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 50 years. In some embodiments CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 1 year. In some embodiments CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 6 months, about 3 days to about 6 months, about 1 week to about 6 months, about 2 weeks to about 6 months, about 3 weeks to about 6 months, about 1 month to about 6 months, about 2 months to about 6 months, about 3 months to about 6 months, about 4 months to about 6 months, about 5 months to about 6 months, or a value within these ranges.
• Specific examples may include about 1 day, about 2 days, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, about 7 days, about 2 weeks, about 3 weeks, about 4 weeks, about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 1 year or a range between any two of these values.
• the administration of CT1812 results in a change in amyloid b levels in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), hippocampal interstitial fluid, plasma, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction of amyloid b monomer levels. In some embodiments, the amyloid b monomer is selected from Ab 1-40 and Ab 1-42. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in an elevation of amyloid b oligomers in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), hippocampal interstitial fluid, plasma, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the level of amyloid b after administration of CT1812 is relative to the level of amyloid b before administration of CT1812.
• the amyloid b levels are measured using microimmunoelectrodes. In some embodiments, the amyloid b levels are measured using Western Blot. In some embodiments, the amyloid b levels are measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
• the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction in cognitive decline. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 blocks cognitive decline. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in a subject maintaining the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 results in an at least 3 point reduction in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment.
• ADAS-COG Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score
• the present disclosure describes a method of reducing amyloid b monomer levels in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the subject is a human. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with cognitive decline. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with cognitive decline wherein the cognitive decline is Alzheimer’s disease. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with Alzheimer’s disease.
• the compound is administered orally.
• the compound is administered by a route selected from the group comprising oral administration, intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, intranasal administration, intradermal administration, topical administration,
• the compound may be formulated as a tablet, as a capsule, as a powder, in a solution, in a suspension, and in an emulsion,
• a total daily dose of 10 mg to 2000 mg, of the compound in a pharmaceutical composition is administered.
• the total daily dose of the compounds of this disclosure can be administered to a subject in single dose or in divided doses.
• the dose of the compound in a pharmaceutical composition is 100 mg per day, in some embodiments the dose of the compound in a pharmaceutical composition is 300 mg per day, in some embodiments the dose of the compound in a pharmaceutical composition is 560 mg per day.
• a total daily dose of 100 mg of the compound in a pharmaceutical composition is administered for at least about 6 months.
• a total daily dose of 300 mg of the compound in a pharmaceutical composition is administered for at least about 6 months.
• a total daily dose of about 560 mg of the compound in a pharmaceutical composition is administered for at least about 6 months.
• the total daily dose is about lOmg to about 2000 mg, about 100 mg to about 2000 mg, about 200 mg to about 2000 mg, about 300 mg to about 2000 mg, about 400 mg to about 2000 mg, about 500 mg to about 2000 mg, about 600 mg to about 2000 mg, about 700 mg to about 2000 mg, about 800 mg to about 2000 mg, about 900 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1000 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1200 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1400 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1600 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1800 mg to about 2000 mg, or a value within these ranges.
• Specific examples may include about 50 mg, about 100 mg, about 150 mg, about 200 mg, about 250 mg, about 300 mg, about 350 mg, about 400 mg, about 450 mg, about 500 mg, about 600 mg, about 700 mg, about 800 mg, about 900 mg, about 1000 mg, about 1100 mg, about 1200 mg, about 1300 mg, about 1400 mg, about 1500 mg, about 1600 mg, about 1700 mg, about 1800 mg, about 1900 mg, about 2000 mg, or a range between any two of these values.
• the pharmaceutical composition is administered for at least 6 months. In some embodiments, some embodiments the pharmaceutical composition is administered for about 1 day to about 50 years. In some embodiments the pharmaceutical composition is administered for about 1 day to about 1 year. In some embodiments the pharmaceutical composition is administered for about 1 day to about 6 months, about 3 days to about 6 months, about 1 week to about 6 months, about 2 weeks to about 6 months, about 3 weeks to about 6 months, about 1 month to about 6 months, about 2 months to about 6 months, about 3 months to about 6 months, about 4 months to about 6 months, about 5 months to about 6 months, or a value within these ranges.
• Specific examples may include about 1 day, about 2 days, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, about 7 days, about 2 weeks, about 3 weeks, about 4 weeks, about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 1 year or a range between any two of these values.
• the administration of CT1812 results in a change in amyloid b levels in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), hippocampal interstitial fluid, plasma, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction of amyloid b monomer levels. In some embodiments, the amyloid b monomer is selected from Ab 1-40 and Ab 1-42. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in an elevation of amyloid b oligomers in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), hippocampal interstitial fluid, plasma, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the level of amyloid b after administration of CT1812 is relative to the level of amyloid b before administration of CT1812.
• the amyloid b levels are measured using microimmunoelectrodes. In some embodiments, the amyloid b levels are measured using Western Blot. In some embodiments, the amyloid b levels are measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
• the administration of the pharmaceutical composition results in a reduction in cognitive decline. In some embodiments, the administration of the pharmaceutical composition blocks cognitive decline. In some embodiments, the administration of the pharmaceutical composition results in a reduction in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment. In some embodiments the administration of the pharmaceutical composition results in a subject maintaining the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment. In some embodiments, the administration of the pharmaceutical composition results in an at least 3 point reduction in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment.
• ADAS-COG Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score
• the present disclosure describes a method of elevating amyloid b oligomer levels in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the subject is a human. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with cognitive decline. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with cognitive decline wherein the cognitive decline is Alzheimer’s disease. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with Alzheimer’s disease.
• the compound is administered orally.
• the compound is administered by a route selected from the group comprising oral administration, intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, intranasal administration, intradermal administration, topical administration,
• the compound may be formulated as a tablet, as a capsule, as a powder, in a solution, in a suspension, and in an emulsion,
• a total daily dose of 10 mg to 2000 mg, of the compound is administered.
• the total daily dose of the compounds of this disclosure can be administered to a subject in single dose or in divided doses.
• the dose is 100 mg per day, in some embodiments the dose is 300 mg per day, in some embodiments the dose is about 560 mg per day.
• a total daily dose of 100 mg of the compound is administered one time.
• a total daily dose of 300 mg of the compound is administered one time.
• a total daily dose of 560 mg of the compound is administered one time.
• the total daily does is about lOmg to about 2000 mg, about 100 mg to about 2000 mg, about 200 mg to about 2000 mg, about 300 mg to about 2000 mg, about 400 mg to about 2000 mg, about 500 mg to about 2000 mg, about 600 mg to about 2000 mg, about 700 mg to about 2000 mg, about 800 mg to about 2000 mg, about 900 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1000 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1200 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1400 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1600 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1800 mg to about 2000 mg, or a value within these ranges.
• Specific examples may include about 50 mg, about 100 mg, about 150 mg, about 200 mg, about 250 mg, about 300 mg, about 350 mg, about 400 mg, about 450 mg, about 500 mg, about 600 mg, about 700 mg, about 800 mg, about 900 mg, about 1000 mg, about 1100 mg, about 1200 mg, about 1300 mg, about 1400 mg, about 1500 mg, about 1600 mg, about 1700 mg, about 1800 mg, about 1900 mg, about 2000 mg, or a range between any two of these values.
• CT1812 is administered one time. In some embodiments CT1812 is administered for at least 6 months. In some embodiments,
• CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 50 years. In some embodiments, CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 1 year. In some embodiments, CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 6 months, about 3 days to about 6 months, about 1 week to about 6 months, about 2 weeks to about 6 months, about 3 weeks to about 6 months, about 1 month to about 6 months, about 2 months to about 6 months, about 3 months to about 6 months, about 4 months to about 6 months, about 5 months to about 6 months, or a value within these ranges.
• amyloid b oligomers levels are measured within 24 hours of CT1812 administration. In some embodiments the amyloid b oligomer levels are measured within 1 week of CT1812 administration. In some embodiments the amyloid b oligomers levels are measured within 1 month of CT1812 administration.
• the amyloid b oligomers levels are measured within 6 months of CT1812 administration. In some embodiments the amyloid b oligomers levels are measured at a time point from about 15 minutes to about 12 months after CT1812 administration, about 15 minutes to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 30 minutes to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 45 minutes to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 1 hour to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 2 hours to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 3 hours to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 4 hours to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 6 hours to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 8 hours to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 10 hours to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 12 hours to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 16 hours to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 20 hours to about 24 hours after CT1812 administration, about 1 day to about 7 days after CT1812 administration, about 2 days to about 7 days after CT1812
• the amyloid b levels are indicative of target engagement after administration of CT1812. In some embodiments, the amyloid b levels increase after administration of CT1812, wherein the increase in amyloid b levels is indicative of target engagement.
• the administration of CT1812 results in a change in amyloid b levels in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), hippocampal interstitial fluid, plasma, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction of amyloid b monomer levels. In some embodiments, the amyloid b monomer is selected from Ab 1-40 and Ab 1-42. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in an elevation of amyloid b oligomers in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), hippocampal interstitial fluid, plasma, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the level of amyloid b after administration of CT1812 is relative to the level of amyloid b before administration of CT1812.
• the amyloid b levels are measured using micorimmunoelectrodes. In some embodiments, the amyloid b levels are measured using Western Blot. In some embodiments, the amyloid b levels are measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
• the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction in cognitive decline. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 blocks cognitive decline. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in a subject maintaining the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 results in an at least 3 point reduction in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment.
• ADAS-COG Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score
• the present disclosure describes a method of treating cognitive decline in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula:
• the subject is a human. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with cognitive decline. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with cognitive decline wherein the cognitive decline is Alzheimer’s disease. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with Alzheimer’s disease.
• the compound is administered orally.
• the compound is administered by a route selected from the group comprising oral administration, intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, intranasal administration, intradermal administration, topical administration,
• the compound may be formulated as a tablet, as a capsule, as a powder, in a solution, in a suspension, and in an emulsion,
• a total daily dose of 10 mg to 2000 mg, of the compound is administered.
• the total daily dose of the compounds of this disclosure can be administered to a subject in single dose or in divided doses.
• the dose is 100 mg per day, in some embodiments the dose is 300 mg per day, in some embodiments the dose is about 560 mg.
• a total daily dose of 100 mg of the compound is administered for at least about 6 months.
• a total daily dose of 300 mg of the compound is administered for at least about 6 months.
• a total daily dose of about 560 mg of the compound is administered for at least about 6 months.
• the total daily does is about lOmg to about 2000 mg, about 100 mg to about 2000 mg, about 200 mg to about 2000 mg, about 300 mg to about 2000 mg, about 400 mg to about 2000 mg, about 500 mg to about 2000 mg, about 600 mg to about 2000 mg, about 700 mg to about 2000 mg, about 800 mg to about 2000 mg, about 900 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1000 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1200 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1400 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1600 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1800 mg to about 2000 mg, or a value within these ranges.
• Specific examples may include about 50 mg, about 100 mg, about 150 mg, about 200 mg, about 250 mg, about 300 mg, about 350 mg, about 400 mg, about 450 mg, about 500 mg, about 600 mg, about 700 mg, about 800 mg, about 900 mg, about 1000 mg, about 1100 mg, about 1200 mg, about 1300 mg, about 1400 mg, about 1500 mg, about 1600 mg, about 1700 mg, about 1800 mg, about 1900 mg, about 2000 mg, or a range between any two of these values.
• CT1812 is administered for at least 6 months. In some embodiments, some embodiments CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 50 years. In some embodiments CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 1 year. In some embodiments CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 6 months, about 3 days to about 6 months, about 1 week to about 6 months, about 2 weeks to about 6 months, about 3 weeks to about 6 months, about 1 month to about 6 months, about 2 months to about 6 months, about 3 months to about 6 months, about 4 months to about 6 months, about 5 months to about 6 months, or a value within these ranges.
• Specific examples may include about 1 day, about 2 days, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, about 7 days, about 2 weeks, about 3 weeks, about 4 weeks, about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 1 year or a range between any two of these values.
• the administration of CT1812 results in a change in amyloid b levels in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), hippocampal interstitial fluid, plasma, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction of amyloid b monomer levels. In some embodiments, the amyloid b monomer is selected from Ab 1-40 and Ab 1-42. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in an elevation of amyloid b oligomers in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), hippocampal interstitial fluid, plasma, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the level of amyloid b after administration of CT1812 is relative to the level of amyloid b before administration of CT1812.
• the amyloid b levels are measured using microimmunoelectrodes. In some embodiments, the amyloid b levels are measured using Western Blot. In some embodiments, the amyloid b levels are measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). [0057] In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction in cognitive decline. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 blocks cognitive decline. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment.
• ADAS-COG Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score
• the administration of CT1812 results in a subject maintaining the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 results in an at least 3 point reduction in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment.
• ADAS-COG Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score
• the present disclosure describes method of treating Alzheimer’s disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the subject is a human. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with cognitive decline. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with cognitive decline wherein the cognitive decline is Alzheimer’s disease. In some embodiments described herein, the subject is a subject with Alzheimer’s disease.
• the compound is administered orally.
• the compound is administered by a route selected from the group comprising oral administration, intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, intranasal administration, intradermal administration, topical administration,
• the compound may be formulated as a tablet, as a capsule, as a powder, in a solution, in a suspension, and in an emulsion,
• a total daily dose of 10 mg to 2000 mg, of the compound is administered.
• the total daily dose of the compounds of this disclosure can be administered to a subject in single dose or in divided doses.
• the dose is 100 mg per day, in some embodiments the dose is 300 mg per day, in some embodiments the dose is about 560 mg. In some embodiments a total daily dose of 100 mg of the compound is administered for at least about 6 months. In some embodiments a total daily dose of 300 mg of the compound is administered for at least about 6 months. In some embodiments a total daily dose of 560 mg of the compound is administered for at least about 6 months.
• the total daily does is about lOmg to about 2000 mg, about 100 mg to about 2000 mg, about 200 mg to about 2000 mg, about 300 mg to about 2000 mg, about 400 mg to about 2000 mg, about 500 mg to about 2000 mg, about 600 mg to about 2000 mg, about 700 mg to about 2000 mg, about 800 mg to about 2000 mg, about 900 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1000 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1200 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1400 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1600 mg to about 2000 mg, about 1800 mg to about 2000 mg, or a value within these ranges.
• Specific examples may include about 50 mg, about 100 mg, about 150 mg, about 200 mg, about 250 mg, about 300 mg, about 350 mg, about 400 mg, about 450 mg, about 500 mg, about 600 mg, about 700 mg, about 800 mg, about 900 mg, about 1000 mg, about 1100 mg, about 1200 mg, about 1300 mg, about 1400 mg, about 1500 mg, about 1600 mg, about 1700 mg, about 1800 mg, about 1900 mg, about 2000 mg, or a range between any two of these values.
• CT1812 is administered for at least 6 months. In some embodiments, some embodiments CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 50 years. In some embodiments CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 1 year. In some embodiments CT1812 is administered for about 1 day to about 6 months, about 3 days to about 6 months, about 1 week to about 6 months, about 2 weeks to about 6 months, about 3 weeks to about 6 months, about 1 month to about 6 months, about 2 months to about 6 months, about 3 months to about 6 months, about 4 months to about 6 months, about 5 months to about 6 months, or a value within these ranges.
• Specific examples may include about 1 day, about 2 days, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, about 7 days, about 2 weeks, about 3 weeks, about 4 weeks, about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 1 year or a range between any two of these values.
• the administration of CT1812 results in a change in amyloid b levels in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), hippocampal interstitial fluid, plasma, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction of amyloid b monomer levels. In some embodiments, the amyloid b monomer is selected from Ab 1-40 and Ab 1-42. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in an elevation of amyloid b oligomers in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), hippocampal interstitial fluid, plasma, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the level of amyloid b after administration of CT1812 is relative to the level of amyloid b before administration of CT1812.
• the amyloid b levels are measured using microimmunoelectrodes. In some embodiments, the amyloid b levels are measured using Western Blot. In some embodiments, the amyloid b levels are measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
• the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction in cognitive decline. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 blocks cognitive decline. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 results in a reduction in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment. In some embodiments the administration of CT1812 results in a subject maintaining the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment. In some embodiments, the administration of CT1812 results in an at least 3 point reduction in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score (ADAS-COG) score of a subject as compared to the ADAS-COG score of the subject before treatment.
• ADAS-COG Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score
• Microimmunoelectrodes (Yuede et al 2016) coated with oligomer- specific antibody, All were placed in CSF samples of Alzheimer’s disease patient samples to detect soluble Ab after a single dose of CT1812 (560mg) or placebo.
• MIE Microimmunoelectrode
• Table 1 Summary of plasma and CSF data from NCT03522129

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• 2021
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