WO2021149821A1 - 粗化ニッケルめっき板 - Google Patents
粗化ニッケルめっき板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021149821A1 WO2021149821A1 PCT/JP2021/002333 JP2021002333W WO2021149821A1 WO 2021149821 A1 WO2021149821 A1 WO 2021149821A1 JP 2021002333 W JP2021002333 W JP 2021002333W WO 2021149821 A1 WO2021149821 A1 WO 2021149821A1
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- nickel
- roughened
- layer
- plating
- protrusions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/16—Electroplating with layers of varying thickness
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a roughened nickel-plated plate having a roughened nickel layer on the outermost surface.
- nickel-plated steel sheets have been used as members that make up batteries and electronic-related devices.
- a method of controlling the surface structure of the nickel-plated steel sheet is known from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion when joining with other members.
- Patent Document 1 a surface formed on a steel sheet by forming a nickel plating layer having a fine structure controlled to have a particle density of 2 to 500 particles / ⁇ m 2 and an average particle size of 0.05 to 0.7 ⁇ m. Treated steel sheets are disclosed.
- the adhesion to other members depends on the type of the member to be joined to the surface-treated steel sheet, for example, a member such as a film or a coating film, and the joining method. In some cases, it was insufficient, and further improvement in adhesion was required. On the other hand, in order to improve the adhesion with other members, a method of forming a nickel plating layer by rough plating is conceivable, but as a result of examination by the present inventors, roughening by rough plating is considered. Although it is possible to improve the adhesion to other members by forming the nickel plating layer, it has been found that there is a problem that liquid permeation may occur at the bonding interface. rice field.
- An object of the present invention is to have excellent adhesion of the plating layer to the base material and adhesion to other members, and liquid permeability when bonded to other members (suppression of liquid penetration at the bonding interface, leakage resistance). It is an object of the present invention to provide a roughened nickel-plated plate having excellent properties.
- the present inventors, etc. according to the roughened nickel-plated plate according to the first and second viewpoints described below, the adhesion of the plating layer to the base material. Further, they have found that it is possible to obtain a roughened nickel-plated plate having excellent adhesion to other members and excellent liquid permeability when bonded to other members, and have completed the present invention.
- the roughened nickel plating plate has a roughened nickel layer formed of a plurality of nickel protrusions as the outermost layer on at least one surface of the metal base material.
- the roughened nickel-plated plate is measured by a focused ion beam processing observation device (FIB-SEM), and from the photographed image obtained by the focused ion beam processing observation device, the roughened nickel layer at each height position
- FIB-SEM focused ion beam processing observation device
- the nickel occupancy rate C 2.0 at a height position of 2.0 ⁇ m from the base end position of the roughened nickel layer in the height direction toward the surface side is 15% or more.
- a roughened nickel-plated plate in which the number N 2.0 of a plurality of nickel protrusions at a height of 2.0 ⁇ m from the base end position toward the surface side is 20 / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or more. Provided.
- the roughened nickel plating plate has a roughened nickel layer formed of a plurality of nickel protrusions as the outermost layer on at least one surface of the metal base material.
- the roughened nickel-plated plate is measured by a focused ion beam processing observation device (FIB-SEM), and from the photographed image obtained by the focused ion beam processing observation device, the roughened nickel layer at each height position
- FIB-SEM focused ion beam processing observation device
- the metal substrate is a metal plate or metal foil made of a kind of pure metal selected from Fe, Cu, Al and Ni. Alternatively, it is preferably a metal plate or metal foil made of an alloy containing one selected from Fe, Cu, Al and Ni.
- the metal base material is a steel plate.
- the thickness of the metal base material is preferably 0.01 to 2.0 mm.
- the roughened nickel-plated plate according to the first aspect and the second aspect of the present invention further includes a base nickel layer on the metal base material, and the roughened nickel layer is provided via the base nickel layer. It is preferably formed on a metal substrate.
- the adhesion amount of nickel plating is preferably 5.0 to 50.0 g / m 2.
- a roughened nickel-plated plate which is excellent in adhesion of a plating layer to a base material and adhesion to other members, and also has excellent liquid permeability when bonded to other members. be able to.
- FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a roughened nickel-plated plate according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1B is a block diagram of a roughened nickel-plated plate according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a specific structure of the roughened nickel layer 12 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram for explaining a method for measuring the roughened nickel layer 12 using a focused ion beam processing observation device (FIB-SEM).
- FIG. 3B is a diagram for explaining a method for measuring the roughened nickel layer 12 using a focused ion beam processing observation device (FIB-SEM).
- FIG. 4A is an FIB-SEM image at a height position where the nickel occupancy is 70% in Example 1, and FIG.
- FIG. 4B is a FIB-SEM image in Comparative Example 1 where the nickel occupancy is 70%. It is a FIB-SEM image at a certain height position.
- FIG. 5 (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 from the proximal position BP and the nickel occupancy in the field of view to be observed
- FIG. 5 (B) is a graph. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the position from the base end position BP of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 and the number of nickel protrusions 12a in the observation target visual field.
- FIG. 5 (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 from the proximal position BP and the nickel occupancy in the field of view to be observed
- FIG. 5 (B) is a graph. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the position from the base end position BP of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 and the number of nickel protrusions 12
- 6A shows the nickel occupancy of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 in the observation target visual field and the equivalent circle diameter of the cross section of the nickel protrusion 12a observed in the observation target visual field.
- 6 (B) is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 from the proximal end position BP and the circle of the cross section of the nickel protrusion 12a observed in the observation target visual field. It is a graph which shows the relationship with the equivalent diameter.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a specific structure of the roughened nickel layer according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view (No. 1) for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a roughened nickel-plated plate according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view (No.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view (No. 3) for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a roughened nickel-plated plate according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a method of determining the boundary between the metal substrate and the underlying nickel layer and the boundary between the underlying nickel layer and the roughened nickel layer in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 12A is a graph (base end position BP) showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 from the base end position BP and the nickel occupancy rate in the observation target visual field.
- FIG. 12B is an enlarged side view), and FIG.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram showing the configuration of the roughened nickel-plated plate 1 of the present embodiment.
- the roughened nickel plating plate 1 of the present embodiment is formed by forming a roughened nickel layer 12 as the outermost layer on the metal base material 11 via the underlying nickel layer 13.
- the roughened nickel plating plate 1 is formed by forming the roughened nickel layer 12 on both sides of the metal base material 11 via the underlying nickel layer 13.
- the present invention is not particularly limited to such an embodiment.
- the roughened nickel plating plate 1a shown in FIG. 1B the roughened nickel layer 12 is interposed via the underlying nickel layer 13 to form a metal base material 11.
- the configuration may be formed on one surface.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B an embodiment in which the base nickel layer 13 is formed is illustrated, but the roughened nickel layer 12 is directly placed on the metal base material 11 without forming the base nickel layer 13. May be formed.
- the metal base material 11 to be the substrate of the roughened nickel-plated plate 1 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but is a metal plate or metal foil made of a kind of pure metal selected from Fe, Cu, Al and Ni, or a metal foil. , Fe, Cu, Al and a metal plate or metal foil made of an alloy containing one selected from Ni, and specifically, a steel plate, an iron plate, a stainless steel plate, a copper plate, an aluminum plate, or a nickel plate (these). May be either a pure metal or an alloy, or may be in the form of a foil.) Among these, it is easy to perform plating even with a pretreatment in which the pretreatment of the plating treatment is relatively simple.
- a steel plate or a copper plate is preferable because it is easy to form a roughened nickel layer having high adhesion to a metal substrate, and in particular, a low carbon aluminum killed steel (carbon content 0.01 to 0.15% by weight). ), Ultra-low carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.01% by weight or less (preferably 0.003% by weight or less), or non-aging ultra-low by adding Ti, Nb, etc. to the ultra-low carbon steel. Carbon steel is preferably used.
- a hot-rolled plate of a metal base material is pickled to remove surface scale (oxide film), then cold-rolled, and then electrolytically-cleaned with rolling oil, a steel plate, a stainless steel plate, and a copper plate.
- Aluminum plate, or nickel plate can be used as the substrate.
- those which have been annealed or tempered and rolled after electrolytic cleaning may be used.
- the annealing may be either continuous annealing or box-type annealing, and is not particularly limited.
- an electrolytic foil produced by an electroforming method or the like a copper foil, a nickel foil, an iron foil or the like can be used as a metal base material.
- the surface thereof is flattened (smoothed) from the viewpoint that the liquid permeability when joined to other members can be further improved. It is desirable to use a surface roughness meter having an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 0.5 ⁇ m or less. If the surface is too smooth, roughened nickel plating is difficult to form. Therefore, it is desirable to use an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.05 ⁇ m or more.
- the conditions for strike nickel plating are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following conditions.
- the amount of nickel adhered by strike nickel plating is usually 0.08 to 0.89 g / m 2 , but when forming a base nickel layer, the amount of nickel adhered by strike nickel plating and the amount of base nickel adhered are The total amount with the amount of nickel adhered by nickel plating for forming the layer is measured as the amount of nickel adhered to the underlying nickel layer.
- Bath composition Nickel sulfate hexahydrate 100-300 g / L, sulfuric acid 10-200 g / L pH: 1.0 or less Bath temperature: 40-70 ° C Current density: 5-100A / dm 2 Plating time: 3 to 100 seconds
- the thickness of the metal base material 11 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.025 to 1.6 mm, and further preferably 0.025 to 0.3 mm.
- the roughness of the metal base material 11 is not particularly limited, but the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the stylus type surface roughness meter is 0.05 to 0.9 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 0. It is 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 0.3 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.08 to 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra conforms to JIS B 0601: 2013.
- the roughened nickel layer 12 formed on the outermost surface of the roughened nickel plating plate 1 of the present embodiment is a roughened plating layer formed from a plurality of nickel protrusions, and the roughened nickel layer 12 is a focused ion beam.
- the state of the plurality of nickel protrusions constituting the roughened nickel layer 12 when measured by the processing observation device (FIB-SEM) is one of the first aspect and the second aspect described below. It is in a state.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a specific structure of the roughened nickel layer 12 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment in which a roughened nickel layer 12 is formed on a metal base material 11 via an underlying nickel layer 13.
- the roughened nickel layer 12 is a roughened layer composed of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a and having an uneven shape.
- a plurality of nickels when the coarsened nickel layer 12 composed of such a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is measured by a focused ion beam processing observation device (FIB-SEM).
- the state of the protrusion 12a is one of the first aspect and the second aspect described below.
- the focused ion beam processing observation device cuts the roughened nickel layer 12 to be measured with a focused ion beam (FIB) to a predetermined thickness, so that the cross section is formed at each predetermined thickness.
- the exposed cross section is photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the exposed cross section is observed with the obtained photographed image (the photographed image is referred to as a “FIB-SEM image”). (That is, a device for making a measurement using the Slice & View method, which is a three-dimensional SEM observation method).
- the cross section is exposed at a predetermined thickness by scraping from the surface side of the roughened nickel layer 12 as the analysis target location to a predetermined thickness.
- the exposed cross section may be in a mode for obtaining a FIB-SEM image, or the cross section may be exposed and exposed at a predetermined thickness by scraping from the metal base material 11 side to a predetermined thickness.
- the cross section may be configured to obtain a FIB-SEM image. For example, in the method of exposing a cross section from the metal base material 11 side at a predetermined thickness and obtaining a FIB-SEM image of the exposed cross section, first, the roughened nickel plating plate 1 is resin-filled.
- the cross section to be measured is exposed by polishing or the like.
- the roughened nickel layer 12 as the analysis target portion is marked, and if necessary, the measurement sample is subjected to a conductive treatment (for example, carbon vapor deposition or the like).
- a conductive treatment for example, carbon vapor deposition or the like.
- the roughened nickel layer 12 is located at a position sufficiently lower than the marked roughened nickel layer 12 in the metal base material 11 (or the underlying nickel layer 13).
- Etching is performed at a position as close as possible, and the etching forms a space for observation for performing measurement using the Nickel & View method.
- the observation space formed by etching shall be a space having a sufficient size for the roughened nickel layer 12 to perform the measurement using the Slice & View method.
- a predetermined thickness for example, 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the operation of scraping with the above and the operation of obtaining a FIB-SEM image by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are repeatedly performed to obtain a FIB-SEM image for each predetermined thickness.
- the observation with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is performed at a predetermined angle (for example, an angle inclined by 52 °) from the observation space.
- the predetermined thickness (measurement pitch) at this time is not particularly limited to 0.1 ⁇ m, and is preferably selected from 0.08 to 0.18 ⁇ m, for example.
- FIG. 3B FIB-SEM images in each measurement cross section are obtained. That is, as shown in FIG. 3B, in each measurement cross section at a predetermined pitch (for example, a pitch of 0.1 ⁇ m as shown by a broken line in FIG. 3B) from the base end position BP toward the height direction. Obtain a FIB-SEM image.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram for explaining a method for measuring the roughened nickel layer 12 using a focused ion beam processing observation device (FIB-SEM), and is an enlarged view showing a portion IIIb of FIG. 3A. Is.
- FIB-SEM focused ion beam processing observation device
- FIG. 4 An example of the FIB-SEM image captured in the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 4 (A). Note that FIG. 4A is a FIB-SEM image at a height position where the nickel occupancy rate is 70% in Example 1. Further, FIG. 4B is a FIB-SEM image at a height position where the nickel occupancy rate is 70% in Comparative Example 1.
- the FIB-SEM image of the cross section at each height (that is, for example, every 0.1 ⁇ m height).
- the FIB-SEM image on the cross section) is obtained, and the nickel occupancy rate, the number of nickel protrusions 12a, and the equivalent circle diameter of the nickel protrusions 12a in the FIB-SEM image of the cross section at each height are obtained.
- the number of nickel protrusions 12a in 136.5 ⁇ m 2 ) is “pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 ”).
- the equivalent circle diameter of the nickel protrusions 12a the area of each cross section of the nickel protrusions 12a existing in the observation target visual field of the FIB-SEM image is obtained at each height position, and the cross-sectional area thereof is obtained. It was obtained by calculating the diameter of a circle (perfect circle) with the same area as the area.
- the roughened nickel layer 12 in the height direction is obtained from the FIB-SEM image of the cross section at each height obtained by performing the measurement with the focused ion beam processing observation device (FIB-SEM).
- the base end position BP is obtained.
- the FIB-SEM measurement is performed on the roughened nickel layer 12 composed of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a, the nickel occupancy in the FIB-SEM image at the height position on the most substrate side. While the rate is 100%, the nickel occupancy rate in the FIB-SEM image tends to gradually decrease as the height position on the surface side is reached.
- FIG. 5A is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 in Example 1 from the proximal position BP and the nickel occupancy in the field of view to be observed.
- the crude nickel layer 12 satisfies the following conditions (1) to (3).
- (1) from the height position D Ni90% 90% nickel occupancy, nickel occupancy in until Ni 50% the height position D is 50%, with respect to the height variation, nickel occupancy rate of change Absolute value Crate (Ni90%_Ni50%) is 65% / ⁇ m or less
- Nickel occupancy C 2.0 at a height of 2.0 ⁇ m from the base end position BP toward the surface side is 15 % Or more
- the number N 2.0 of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a at a height position of 2.0 ⁇ m from the base end position BP toward the surface side is 20 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or more.
- FIG. 5A is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 from the proximal end position BP and the nickel occupancy in the observation target visual field, and is the graph shown in the above (1).
- nickel occupancy is 90% from the height position D Ni90%, nickel occupancy in until Ni 50% the height position D is 50%
- the absolute value Crate (Ni90% _Ni50%) of the change rate of the nickel occupancy rate with respect to the height change is defined.
- the absolute value C of the change rate of the nickel occupancy rate with respect to the height change is specified.
- the rate (Ni 90% _Ni 50%) is in the range of 65% / ⁇ m or less.
- the absolute value rate (Ni90% _Ni50%) of the change rate of the nickel occupancy rate with respect to the height change is 25.6% / ⁇ m.
- the configuration in which the underlying nickel layer 13 is provided as the lower layer of the roughened nickel layer 12 is illustrated and described, but when the roughened nickel layer 12 is directly formed on the metal base material 11.
- a metal other than nickel may be contained, but in the present embodiment, the "nickel occupancy rate” is other than such nickel. (That is, in this case, "nickel occupancy” can be referred to as "metal occupancy").
- the absolute value rate (Ni90%_Ni50%) of the change rate of the nickel occupancy with respect to the height change is obtained according to the following formula ( ⁇ ), and in the first aspect.
- the absolute value of the rate of change in nickel occupancy with respect to the change in height (Ni90% _Ni50%) is 65% / ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 to 65% / ⁇ m, and more preferably 15 to 60% /. ⁇ m, more preferably 15-55%, particularly preferably 26-55%.
- the above (2) defines the nickel occupancy rate C 2.0 at a height position of 2.0 ⁇ m from the proximal end position BP toward the surface side.
- the nickel occupancy rate C 2.0 is set to 15% or more.
- the nickel occupancy rate C 2.0 is 48.9%.
- the nickel occupancy rate C 2.0 is 15% or more, preferably 17% or more, more preferably 20% or more, still more preferably 28% or more.
- the upper limit of the nickel occupancy rate C 2.0 is not particularly limited, but is usually 80% or less.
- FIG. 5B is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 from the proximal end position BP and the number of nickel protrusions 12a in the observation target visual field.
- the number of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present at a height of 2.0 ⁇ m from the base end position BP toward the surface side N 2. 0 is specified, and in the present embodiment, the number N 2.0 of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is 20 / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the number N 2.0 of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is 61 / 136.5 ⁇ m 2.
- the number N 2.0 of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is 20 / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or more, preferably 25 / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or more, and more preferably 30 / 136. .5 ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the upper limit of the number N 2.0 of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is not particularly limited, but is usually 150 / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the nickel occupancy rate (that is, the proportion occupied by the nickel protrusions 12a) and the number of nickel protrusions 12a at a predetermined height or higher from the base material 11 are within the predetermined ranges.
- a structure having a plurality of nickel protrusions is desired. Therefore, in the present embodiment, from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion with other members, the nickel occupancy rate C 2 at a height position of 2.0 ⁇ m from the proximal end position BP toward the surface side.
- the focus is on the number N 2.0 of 0.0 and the presence of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a.
- the nickel occupancy rate C 2.0 is 15% or more, and the presence of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is present.
- the number N 2.0 is 20 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the roughened nickel layer 12 satisfies the following conditions (4) in addition to the above-mentioned conditions (2) and (3). (4) from the height position D Ni80% 80% nickel occupancy, nickel occupancy in until Ni 50% the height position D is 50%, the average value of equivalent circle diameter of the cross section of the nickel protrusions Rave (Ni80% _Ni50%) is 0.6 ⁇ m or more
- FIG. 6A shows the nickel occupancy of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 in the observation target visual field and the equivalent circle diameter of the cross section of the nickel protrusion 12a observed in the observation target visual field. It is a graph showing the relationship, and as shown in the graph of FIG. 6 (A), the nickel occupancy rate is 50% from the height position D Ni 80% where the nickel occupancy rate is 80%. between to the height position D Ni 50%, it is intended to define the average value R ave circle equivalent diameter of the cross section of the nickel protrusions 12a (Ni80% _Ni50%), in the present embodiment, the average value of equivalent circle diameter Rave (Ni80% _Ni50%) is set to 0.6 ⁇ m or more.
- the average value Rave (Ni80% _Ni50%) of the equivalent circle diameter is 1.08 ⁇ m.
- the average value Rave (Ni80%_Ni50%) of the equivalent circle diameter is 0.6 ⁇ m or more, preferably in the range of 0.6 to 2.2 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.6 to 2.
- the range is 0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.6 to 1.8 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.6 to 1.6 ⁇ m.
- the state of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a constituting the roughened nickel layer 12 when the measurement is performed by the focused ion beam processing observation device (FIB-SEM) is the first aspect described above.
- the roughened nickel layer 12 is bonded to the other member while having excellent adhesion to the metal substrate 11 and adhesion to the other member.
- the liquid permeation at the bonding interface can be effectively suppressed, and the liquid permeation resistance is excellent.
- the height D Ni90% nickel occupancy is 90% to Ni 50% the height position D is a 50% nickel occupancy
- the absolute value of the rate of change in nickel occupancy with respect to the change in height (Ni90% _Ni50%) is the side of the entire roughened nickel layer 12 closer to the base material 11 (that is, a plurality of nickel protrusions). It defines the state of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a in the vicinity of the root of the object 12a).
- the state of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a in the height region from the interface with the base material 11 to the vicinity of the roots of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a (hereinafter, also referred to as the region near the interface) is nickel-occupied. It defines the mode of change of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a in the height direction when viewed as a rate.
- the mechanism of facilitating liquid penetration is not always clear, but for example, the following factors Can be considered.
- the first factor it is conceivable that the anchor effect is locally reduced at the relevant portion, voids are likely to be generated at the interface with other members, and as a result, liquid permeation occurs. It is considered that such a phenomenon becomes a factor that facilitates liquid penetration.
- the second factor is that when the liquid enters the joint interface through holes or tears in the end or the mating member of the joint, the liquid permeates like a capillary phenomenon. At this time, a plurality of nickels are used.
- nickel occupancy is 80% from the height position D Ni80% between nickel occupancy up to Ni 50% the height position D is 50%
- nickel is intended to define the average value R ave circle equivalent diameter of the cross section of the projections 12a (Ni80% _Ni50%), an average value R ave (Ni80% _Ni50%) of the circle equivalent diameter is also roughened nickel layer 12 of the entire
- the state of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a on the side closer to the base material 11 that is, near the roots of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a
- the circle-equivalent diameter (thickness) near the roots of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is focused on, and the circle-equivalent diameter (thickness) of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is defined. Then, by making the equivalent circle diameter (thickness) near the roots of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a relatively large, the roughened nickel layer 12 is relatively deep in a relatively deep region. It is possible to make the state so that wide voids are not formed, and as a result, when joining with other members, it is possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of liquid permeation at the joining interface due to such wide voids, and as a result, It can be made to have excellent liquid permeability when joined to other members.
- the roughened nickel layer 12 is excellent not only in adhesion to other members and liquid permeability, but also in adhesion of the roughened nickel layer 12 to the metal base material 11. This is due to the following reasons. That is, even if the roughened nickel layer 12 can exhibit excellent adhesion to other members, the roughened nickel layer 12 is likely to fall off from the metal base material 11. In some cases, the roughened nickel layer 12 falls off, so that the effect of forming the roughened nickel layer 12, that is, the effect of exhibiting excellent adhesion to other members is not good. It will be enough. Therefore, in the present invention, attention is also paid to the adhesion of the roughened nickel layer 12 to the metal base material 11, and the adhesion of the roughened nickel layer 12 to the metal base material 11 is also excellent. ..
- the roughened nickel layer 12 when the adhesion of the roughened nickel layer 12 to the metal base material 11 is insufficient, the roughened nickel layer is formed in the production line when the roughened nickel-plated plate 1 of the present embodiment is manufactured.
- Plating film debris (Ni powder) due to the falling off of 12 may be mixed in and cause contamination or failure of the production line, and also cause product defects due to the plating film debris remaining in the production line. In some cases.
- the roughened nickel-plated plate 1 of the present embodiment when the roughened nickel-plated plate 1 of the present embodiment is actually processed into a product or part, it may cause contamination or failure of the production line, and the quality and function of the final product. May cause surface defects. Therefore, from such a viewpoint, it is desirable that the roughened nickel layer 12 has excellent adhesion to the metal base material 11.
- the crude nickel layer 12 may satisfy any of the above-mentioned first and second aspects, but the effects of the present invention can be further enhanced. From this point of view, it is preferable that both the first aspect and the second aspect described above are satisfied.
- the crude nickel layer 12 preferably satisfies any of the following conditions (5) to (10) from the viewpoint that the action and effect of the present invention can be further enhanced. .. (5)
- the maximum value N max of the number of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present is less than 150 / 136.5 ⁇ m 2.
- the number N 0.3 of the nickel protrusions 12a is 45 / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the equivalent circle diameter R 0.3 of the cross section is 0.6 ⁇ m or more.
- the diameter is reduced to 1 ⁇ m or less for the first time, when the height position from the base end position BP is 1 ⁇ m or less and the height position D is 1 ⁇ m, the height position D 1 ⁇ m of 1 ⁇ m or less is 0.15 ⁇ m or more (9).
- the absolute value of the rate of change of the nickel occupancy Crate (Ni80%_Ni50%) is 65% / ⁇ m or less (10) Presence of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a at a height of 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m from the base end position BP toward the surface side.
- the average value of the number Nave (0.5_1.5) is 20 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or more.
- FIG. 5B is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 from the proximal end position BP and the number of nickel protrusions 12a in the observation target visual field, and is the graph shown in the above (5).
- the value that is, the maximum value N max of the number of existing nickel protrusions 12a is defined, and in the present embodiment, the maximum value N max of the number of existing nickel protrusions 12a is 150 / 136. It is preferably less than 5 ⁇ m 2.
- the maximum value N max of the number of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present is 61 / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 .
- the maximum value N max of the number of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present is preferably 35 to 150 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 , more preferably 40 to 140 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 , and further preferably 40 to 130 pieces. /136.5 ⁇ m 2 .
- FIG. 5B is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 from the base end position BP and the number of nickel protrusions 12a in the observation target visual field, and is a graph showing the above (6).
- ) Indicates the number N 0.3 of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a at a height position of 0.3 ⁇ m from the base end position BP toward the surface side, as shown in the graph of FIG. 5 (B). It is specified, and in the present embodiment, it is preferable that a wide void is not formed because the roots of the nickel protrusions are connected to some extent at a height position of 0.3 ⁇ m, that is, a region close to the interface.
- the number N 0.3 of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is set to 45 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or less. It is preferable to do so.
- the number N 0.3 of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is 10 / 136.5 ⁇ m 2.
- Present number N 0.3 plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is preferably not 45 /136.5Myuemu 2 or less, more preferably 40 [mu] m 2 or less.
- the lower limit may be 2 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or more.
- FIG. 6B shows the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 from the proximal end position BP and the equivalent circle diameter of the cross section of the nickel protrusion 12a observed in the observation target visual field. It is a graph, and as shown in the graph of FIG. 6B, the above (7) is a cross section of the nickel protrusion 12a at a height position of 0.3 ⁇ m from the proximal end position BP toward the surface side.
- the circle equivalent diameter R 0.3 is specified, and if the circle equivalent diameter at a height position of 0.3 ⁇ m is too small, the nickel protrusions may become thin and the voids may become wide. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the circle is specified.
- the equivalent diameter R 0.3 is 0.6 ⁇ m or more.
- the equivalent circle diameter R 0.3 is 1.6 ⁇ m.
- the equivalent circle diameter R 0.3 is preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.7 ⁇ m or more. There is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 6 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 6B shows the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 from the proximal end position BP and the equivalent circle diameter of the cross section of the nickel protrusion 12a observed in the observation target visual field. It is a graph, and as shown in the graph of FIG. 6 (B), the circle-equivalent diameter of the cross section of the nickel protrusion 12a gradually decreases from the base end position BP toward the surface side. Among them, when the height position from the proximal end position BP is 1 ⁇ m or less and the height position D is 1 ⁇ m when the equivalent circle diameter is reduced to 1 ⁇ m or less for the first time, the height position D 1 ⁇ m or less is defined.
- the thick region of the nickel protrusion is at a higher position, and the height position D 1 ⁇ m of 1 ⁇ m or less is preferably 0.15 ⁇ m or more.
- the height position D 1 ⁇ m of 1 ⁇ m or less is 0.82 ⁇ m.
- the height position D 1 ⁇ m of 1 ⁇ m or less is preferably 0.15 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.17 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the height position D 1 ⁇ m of 1 ⁇ m or less is not particularly limited, but is usually 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 5 (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 from the proximal end position BP and the nickel occupancy in the observation target visual field
- FIG. 5 (9) is a graph showing the relationship.
- nickel occupancy is 80% from the height position D Ni80% between nickel occupancy up to Ni 50% the height position D is 50%
- the absolute value rate (Ni80%_Ni50%) of the change rate of the nickel occupancy rate with respect to the change is defined.
- the absolute value rate (Ni80) of the change rate of the nickel occupancy rate with respect to the height change is specified.
- % _Ni50%) is preferably in the range of 65% / ⁇ m or less.
- the absolute value rate (Ni80% _Ni50%) of the change rate of the nickel occupancy with respect to the height change is 22.6% / ⁇ m.
- the absolute value C rate of rate of change of nickel occupancy (Ni80% _Ni50%) is a 65% / [mu] m or less, preferably 10 ⁇ 65% / ⁇ m, more preferably 15 ⁇ 60% / ⁇ m , More preferably 15 to 55%, and particularly preferably 23 to 55%.
- the absolute value of the rate of change in nickel occupancy with respect to the change in height (Ni80% _Ni50%) is obtained according to the following formula ( ⁇ ).
- FIG. 5B is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 from the base end position BP and the number of nickel protrusions 12a in the observation target visual field, and is a graph showing the above (10). ) Indicates the number of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present at a height of 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m from the base end position BP toward the surface side, as shown in the graph of FIG. 5 (B). The average value Nave (0.5_1.5) is specified, and in the present embodiment, the base end is located at a position slightly away from the interface from the viewpoint of further improving the adhesion with other members.
- the number of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present at a position 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m from the position BP toward the surface side is large, and 0.5 to 0.5 to the surface side from the base end position BP. It is preferable that the average value Nave (0.5_1.5) of the number of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present at a height position of 1.5 ⁇ m is 20 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or more. In Example 1 of FIG. 5B, the average value Nave (0.5_1.5) of the number of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present at a height position of 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m is 35. Pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 .
- the average value Nave (0.5_1.5) of the number of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present at a height position of 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m is preferably 30 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or more, and more. It is preferably 40 ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited and may be 150 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or less, but if it is too large, the nickel protrusions may become thin, so 110 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or less is preferable.
- the number N 0.3 of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a at the height position of (6) 0.3 ⁇ m is the nickel protrusions in the region close to the interface from the viewpoint of preventing liquid permeation at the bonding interface. It is an index showing that it is preferable that a wide void is not formed because the roots are connected to some extent, and the number of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present at the height position of (3) 2.0 ⁇ m described above.
- N 2.0 is an index indicating the number of protrusions having a height of 2.0 ⁇ m or more, which is particularly effective for improving the adhesion with other members, and in contrast to the above (10).
- the average value Nave (0.5_1.5) of the number of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present at a height position of 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m has many protrusions at a position slightly distant from the interface. It is an index showing that it is preferable.
- the average value Nave (0.5_1.5) of the number of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a present at the height position of (10) 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m is 1 from the height position of 0.5 ⁇ m. It can be calculated by dividing the total number of nickel protrusions 12a at each height up to a height of 5 ⁇ m by the total number of FIB-SEM images obtained by obtaining the number of nickel protrusions 12a. .. The number of FIB-SEM images used for the measurement may be determined according to the measurement pitch.
- the amount of the roughened nickel layer 12 adhered to the roughened nickel-plated plate 1 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.34 to 45.0 g / m 2 , and the adhesion to other members is improved. from the viewpoint of improving the coating weight of the roughened nickel layer 12 is more preferably 2.67 g / m 2 or more, more preferably 5 g / m 2 or more, the roughened nickel layer 12, the roughening From the viewpoint of further improving the adhesion (plating adhesion) of the nickel layer 12, the adhesion amount of the roughened nickel layer 12 is more preferably 38.0 g / m 2 or less, and further preferably 32.0 g / m / m 2.
- the amount of adhesion of the roughened nickel layer 12 can be determined by measuring the total amount of nickel on the roughened nickel plating plate 1 using a fluorescent X-ray apparatus.
- the total amount of nickel of the roughened nickel plating plate 1 is determined by using a fluorescent X-ray apparatus. After the measurement, it can be obtained by subtracting the amount of nickel corresponding to the base metal plating layer 13 from this total amount of nickel.
- the thickness of the base metal plating layer 13 is measured by cutting the roughened nickel plating plate 1 and observing the cross section with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- a method of obtaining the amount of nickel converted from the thickness of the base metal plating layer 13 and the amount of nickel on the metal base material 11 at the time when the base metal plating layer 13 is formed on the metal base material 11 are determined by using a fluorescent X-ray apparatus. And the method of obtaining from the amount of electrodeposition calculated from the amount of Coulomb when forming the base metal plating layer 13 by plating on the metal base material 11 and the like.
- the method of changing the state of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a constituting the roughened nickel layer 12 to any of the above-mentioned first and second aspects is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a method of forming the roughened nickel layer 12 by the method described below.
- FIG. 8 it is necessary on the metal base material 11 from the viewpoint of further improving the adhesion between the metal base material 11 and the roughened nickel layer 12 and from the viewpoint of imparting corrosion resistance according to the application.
- the base metal plating layer 13 is formed accordingly.
- the roughened nickel layer 12 may be formed directly on the metal base material 11 without forming the base metal plating layer 13.
- nickel granules are formed on the metal base material 11 as shown in FIG.
- the substance 121 is precipitated in an aggregated state.
- a base metal plating layer is formed on the metal base material 11 as needed by further coating the nickel granules 121 with the nickel coating 122 by further coating nickel plating.
- a roughened nickel layer 12 composed of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a is formed with the 13 interposed therebetween.
- the conditions for roughened nickel plating are not particularly limited, but as a plating bath, the chloride ion concentration, the ratio of nickel ions to ammonium ions, and the electrical conductivity of the plating bath at 50 ° C. (hereinafter, also referred to as bath conductivity). ) Is controlled within the following range, and it is preferable to use the one controlled. That is, the chloride ion concentration is preferably 3 to 90 g / L, more preferably 3 to 75 g / L, still more preferably 3 to 50 g / L, and the ratio of nickel ion to ammonium ion is "nickel ion /".
- the weight ratio of "ammonium ion" is preferably 0.05 to 0.75, more preferably 0.05 to 0.60, still more preferably 0.05 to 0.50, still more preferably 0.05 to 0.
- the bath conductivity at 50 ° C. is preferably 5.00 to 30.00 S / m, more preferably 5.00 to 20.00 S / m, still more preferably 7.00 to 20.00 S / m. m.
- the chloride ion concentration is 10 g / L or more, even if the amount of adhesion in the roughened nickel plating is small, the state of either the first aspect or the second aspect described above is satisfied. Cheap.
- a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a constituting the roughened nickel layer 12 can be used.
- the state can be a state that satisfies any of the above-mentioned first and second aspects, preferably any of the first and second aspects.
- the bath conductivity is almost unchanged in the range of 20 to 70 ° C., and the numerical value measured at 30 to 60 ° C. shows a stable value regardless of the temperature.
- the method for adjusting the chloride ion concentration of the plating bath, the ratio of nickel ions to ammonium ions, and the bath conductivity within the above ranges is not particularly limited, but for example, the plating bath is made of nickel sulfate hexahydrate. , Nickel chloride hexahydrate, and ammonium sulfate are included, and a method of appropriately adjusting the blending amount thereof can be mentioned.
- the blending amounts thereof may be adjusted so that the chloride ion concentration of the plating bath, the ratio of nickel ions to ammonium ions, and the bath conductivity are within the above ranges, and are not particularly limited, but in the plating bath.
- the concentration of nickel sulfate hexahydrate is preferably 10 to 100 g / L, more preferably 10 to 70 g / L, and even more preferably 10 to 50 g / L.
- the concentration of nickel chloride hexahydrate is preferably 1 to 90 g / L, more preferably 1 to 60 g / L, further preferably 1 to 45 g / L, and the concentration of ammonium sulfate is preferably 10 to 130 g. / L, more preferably 20 to 130 g / L, even more preferably 51 to 130 g / L, and even more preferably 70 to 130 g / L.
- Ammonia may be added to the nickel plating bath using aqueous ammonia, ammonium chloride, or the like instead of ammonium sulfate, and the ammonia concentration in the plating bath is preferably 6 to 35 g / L, more preferably. It is 10 to 35 g / L, more preferably 16 to 35 g / L, and even more preferably 20 to 35 g / L. Further, in order to control the chloride ion concentration, a basic nickel carbonate compound, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride or the like may be used.
- the pH of the nickel plating bath when performing roughened nickel plating for precipitating the nickel granules 121 in an aggregated state is preferably in the state of a plurality of nickel protrusions 12a constituting the roughened nickel layer 12. From the viewpoint of being able to control the plating, it is preferably 4.0 to 8.0. If the pH is too high, nickel ions in the bath form hydrates and easily cause plating defects. Therefore, the upper limit is more preferably 7.5 or less, still more preferably 7.0 or less. When the pH is low, precipitation in a state where nickel particles form secondary particles is unlikely to occur, and a normal precipitation form (flat plating) is likely to occur. Therefore, it is difficult to form a roughened nickel layer, so that the pH is high.
- the pH can be controlled with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, aqueous ammonia, sodium hydroxide, etc., in addition to controlling the chloride ion concentration and the ratio of nickel ions to ammonium ions.
- the current density at the time of performing roughened nickel plating for precipitating the nickel granules 121 in an aggregated state is from the viewpoint that the state of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a constituting the roughened nickel layer 12 can be suitably controlled. , Preferably 4-40 A / dm 2 . If the current density is high, the precipitation efficiency is likely to decrease, and plating unevenness and surface roughness control unevenness are likely to occur in the plating processing range. Therefore, in order to secure a wide area of 100 cm 2 or more, 30 A / dm 2 or less is particularly likely to occur. Is more preferably 25 A / dm 2 or less, and particularly preferably 20 A / dm 2 or less.
- the current density is low, precipitation of nickel particles in the state of forming secondary particles is unlikely to occur, and the normal precipitation form is likely to occur. Therefore, it is difficult to form a roughened nickel layer, so that the current density is 6 A / More preferably, it is dm 2 or more.
- the bath temperature of the nickel plating bath when performing roughened nickel plating is not particularly limited, but is preferable from the viewpoint of preferably controlling the state of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a constituting the roughened nickel layer 12. It is 20 to 70 ° C., more preferably 25 to 60 ° C., and even more preferably 30 to 60 ° C.
- the present embodiment when performing roughened nickel plating for precipitating nickel granules 121 in an agglomerated state, it is preferable to perform plating while stirring the nickel plating bath.
- the method of stirring is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include bubbling, pump circulation, and the like.
- the type of gas is not particularly limited as the bubbling condition, but it is preferable to use air as the gas from the viewpoint of versatility, and the timing of supplying the gas is preferably continuous ventilation for stable stirring. ..
- the amount of aeration is preferably 1 L / min or less with respect to a plating solution having a volume of 2 L, for example, because it is difficult to obtain the desired roughened shape when the stirring is too strong.
- continuous circulation is preferable for stable stirring.
- the amount of precipitation when the nickel granules 121 are precipitated in an agglomerated state by roughened nickel plating is not particularly limited, but the state of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a constituting the roughened nickel layer 12 is more preferable. From the viewpoint of control, it is preferably 3.5 to 22.3 g / m 2 , more preferably 4.4 to 22.3 g / m 2 , still more preferably 8.9 to 22.3 g / m 2 , and further. More preferably, it is 8.9 to 17.8.
- 4.4 g / m 2 or more is preferable, and more preferably, from the viewpoint of further improving the adhesion with other members. It is 8.9 g / m 2 or more.
- the nickel granules 121 are precipitated in an agglomerated state by roughened nickel plating, and then the nickel granules 121 are further coated with nickel plating to form the nickel granules 121 with the nickel coating 122.
- the coated nickel plating for coating the nickel granules 121 with the nickel coating 122 may be performed by either electrolytic plating or electroless plating, but it is preferably formed by electrolytic plating.
- nickel plating When the coated nickel plating is performed by the electrolytic plating method, for example, as a nickel plating bath, nickel sulfate hexahydrate 200 to 350 g / L, nickel chloride hexahydrate 20 to 60 g / L, boric acid 10 to 50 g / L Using a watt bath with the bath composition of, nickel plating was performed under the conditions of pH 3.0 to 5.0, bath temperature 40 to 70 ° C., and current density 5 to 30 A / dm 2 (preferably 10 to 20 A / dm 2). After that, a method of washing with water can be used.
- the amount of precipitation (coating amount) when the nickel granules 121 are coated with the nickel coating 122 by the coated nickel plating is not particularly limited, but the state of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a constituting the roughened nickel layer 12 can be described. from the viewpoint of more appropriately controlled, preferably 1.7 ⁇ 17.8g / m 2, more preferably 1.7 ⁇ 13.4g / m 2, more preferably 1.7 ⁇ 10.7 g / m 2 , and even more preferably 1.7 to 8.9.
- the base nickel layer is formed as the base metal plating layer 13
- the coating nickel plating is performed, in addition to the coating of the nickel granules 121 with the nickel coating 122, a part thereof is the base nickel.
- the precipitation amount is the sum of the coating amount of the nickel coating 122 by the coating nickel plating and the formation amount of the underlying nickel layer by the coating nickel plating.
- the base metal plating layer 13 is provided between the metal base material 11 and the roughened nickel layer 12. It is preferably formed, and the base metal plating layer 13 is preferably a nickel plating layer or a copper plating layer, and more preferably a nickel plating layer.
- the nickel granules 121 formed by the above-mentioned roughened nickel plating are in a state in which particulate precipitates aggregate and precipitate in the form of protrusions and exist as an aggregate, and from the viewpoint of adhesion to other members.
- the entire surface of the metal base material 11 may not be completely covered or the roughened nickel layer may be partially thinned. Therefore, for example, when a steel plate is used as the metal base material 11, it is preferable to provide the base metal plating layer 13 in order to improve the effect of suppressing the occurrence of rust on the steel plate. For the purpose of improving the corrosion resistance, it is preferable to select the metal base material 11 according to the application and perform the base plating treatment according to the application. When the metal base material 11 is made of steel plate or copper, it is preferable. As the base metal plating layer 13, it is preferable to provide a base nickel plating layer or a base copper plating layer.
- the compatibility with the subsequent coating plating treatment is good, and the plating adhesion of the roughened nickel layer 12 can be further improved.
- the effect of plating adhesion can be obtained only by the coated nickel plating treatment without the base metal plating layer 13, nickel tends to be preferentially deposited on the nickel granules 121 in the coated nickel plating treatment. From such a viewpoint, it is preferable to form the base metal plating layer 13 in order to improve the corrosion resistance.
- the metal base material 11 is a copper plate, it is possible to further improve the plating adhesion of the roughened nickel layer 12 by subjecting the pretreatment to an acid treatment or the like.
- the base metal plating layer 13 can be formed by plating the metal base material 11 in advance before forming the roughened nickel layer 12 on the metal base material 11.
- the base metal plating layer 13 is a nickel plating layer, it may be formed by either electrolytic plating or electroless plating, but it is preferably formed by electrolytic plating.
- the roughened copper plating used for printed substrate applications is used as the base metal plating layer of the roughened nickel layer, nickel has priority over the convex portion of the roughened copper plating in the roughened nickel plating process.
- the base metal plating layer 13 is a nickel plating layer and the electrolytic plating method is used as a method for forming the base nickel plating layer, for example, as a nickel plating bath, nickel sulfate hexahydrate 200 to 350 g / Using a watt bath with a bath composition of L, nickel chloride hexahydrate 20 to 60 g / L, and boric acid 10 to 50 g / L, pH 3.0 to 5.0, bath temperature 40 to 70 ° C., current density 5 to 30 A / A method of nickel plating under the condition of dm 2 (preferably 10 to 20 A / dm 2 ) and then washing with water can be used.
- dm 2 preferably 10 to 20 A / dm 2
- the amount of adhesion of the roughened nickel layer 12 on the roughened nickel plating plate 1 of the present embodiment further improves the adhesion between the metal base material 11 and the roughened nickel layer 12.
- it is preferably 26.7 g / m 2 or less, more preferably 2.6 to 22.3 g / m 2 , still more preferably 2.6 to 17.8 g / m 2 , and particularly preferably 2. It is 6 to 13.4 g / m 2 .
- the total amount of adhesion between the roughened nickel layer 12 and the base metal plating layer 13 on the roughened nickel plating plate 1 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but is a metal. From the viewpoint that the adhesion of the roughened nickel layer 12 to the base material 11 and the adhesion to other members can be further improved, it is preferably 5.0 to 50.00 g / m 2 , and more preferably. It is 8.9 to 50.00 g / m 2 , more preferably 13.35 to 45.00 g / m 2 , and particularly preferably 13.35 to 40.00 g / m 2 .
- the total amount of adhesion between the roughened nickel layer 12 and the base metal plating layer 13 can be determined by measuring the total amount of nickel on the roughened nickel plating plate 1 using a fluorescent X-ray apparatus.
- nickel granules 121 are precipitated on the metal base material 11 in an aggregated state by roughened nickel plating, and then in FIG. As shown, a method of coating the nickel granules 121 with the nickel film 122 by further applying the coated nickel plating is adopted, and by controlling these formation conditions, a plurality of nickels constituting the roughened nickel layer 12 are adopted.
- the state of the protrusion 12a can be any of the above-mentioned first aspect and the second aspect, and preferably, the state of the plurality of nickel protrusions 12a constituting the roughened nickel layer 12 is set. It is possible to satisfy both the first aspect and the second aspect described above.
- the roughened nickel-plated plate 1 of the present embodiment has good adhesion to the metal base material 11 and also has excellent adhesion to other members. Moreover, the liquid permeation at the bonding interface is effectively suppressed, and the liquid permeation resistance is excellent. Therefore, the roughened nickel-plated plate 1 of the present embodiment is used for joining with other members, for example, various containers and electronic device members (for example, various containers and electronic device members that are required to have adhesion to various members such as resins and active materials). It can be suitably used as a substrate, etc.) and a battery member (outer tank, current collector, tab lead), and among them, it is used by joining with other members and is expected to suppress liquid permeation at the joining interface. It can be used particularly preferably for the purpose.
- the roughened nickel-plated plate 1 of the present embodiment has excellent adhesion of the roughened nickel layer 12, that is, adhesion to the base material 11, so that even if the plated plates overlap or come into contact with each other, for example. Since the roughened nickel layer 12 on the surface is hard to peel off or fall off, it can be suitably used as the roughened nickel plating plate 1 having the roughened nickel layer 12 on the outermost surfaces of both sides as shown in FIG. 1A.
- the roughened nickel layer 12 should be formed on only one side as in the roughened nickel plating plate 1 shown in FIG. 1B. Just do it.
- the base material 11 is located on the outermost surface of the surface on which the roughened nickel layer 12 is not formed.
- the base material 11 when the base material 11 is a steel plate, it may be left as an untreated steel plate.
- surface treatment such as nickel plating, galvanization, or chemical conversion treatment may be performed according to the required characteristics.
- a normal nickel plating layer (for example, nickel plating formed under the conditions for forming the underlying nickel plating layer described above) is formed on the surface on which the roughened nickel layer 12 is not formed.
- the roughened nickel-plated steel plate on which the layer is formed, both surfaces of the base material 11 are coated with the nickel layer, which is preferably applicable.
- the roughened nickel plating plate 1 as shown in FIG. 1B is manufactured, for example, in the step of applying roughened nickel plating, the surface on which the roughened nickel layer 12 is not formed is plated without energizing.
- a roughened nickel-plated steel plate having the roughened nickel layer 12 on only one side can be obtained by the method of performing or masking.
- the base nickel layer, the roughened nickel layer (nickel granules and the nickel film) are measured by a fluorescent X-ray apparatus after each step of forming the base nickel layer, the nickel granules and the nickel film.
- the amount of nickel was calculated respectively. Specifically, when the underlying nickel layer was formed, the amount of nickel in the underlying nickel layer was once determined using a fluorescent X-ray apparatus. Then, after forming the nickel granules, the total nickel amount was determined again by a fluorescent X-ray apparatus, and the difference between the obtained total nickel amount and the nickel amount of the underlying nickel layer was taken as the nickel amount of the nickel granules.
- the total nickel amount is obtained again with a fluorescent X-ray apparatus, and the difference between the total nickel amount before the nickel film formation and the total nickel amount after the formation is obtained to obtain the nickel amount of the nickel film in the same manner. rice field. Then, the total amount of nickel of the nickel granules and the nickel film was determined as the amount of adhesion of the roughened nickel layer.
- the amount of nickel in each layer cannot be measured by the above fluorescent X-ray apparatus.
- a nickel-free substrate such as a steel plate is used in advance, and the substrate is made of a stainless steel plate and a nickel-containing metal plate such as a nickel plate under plating conditions in which a predetermined amount of nickel in the underlying nickel layer is obtained.
- the same amount of adhesion can be obtained.
- the amount of nickel was measured by the above method, but the measurement of the amount of nickel is not limited to such a method, and the following method may be used. In this example, the following methods were also partially adopted.
- the total amount of nickel in the layer formed on the roughened nickel plating plate is measured by measuring the roughened nickel plating plate on which the underlying nickel layer, the nickel granules, and the nickel film are formed with a fluorescent X-ray apparatus. Ask for.
- the roughened nickel plating plate is cut, and the cross section is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to measure the thickness of the underlying nickel layer, and the amount of nickel converted from the thickness of the underlying nickel layer is obtained. This is used as the amount of nickel in the underlying nickel layer.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the total amount of nickel in the nickel granules and the nickel film can be obtained, and this can be used as the amount of adhesion of the roughened nickel layer.
- the roughened nickel layer 12 is formed as the nickel film 122 that coats the nickel granules 121, and a base nickel layer is formed for a part of the roughened nickel layer 12. According to such a method, the amount of nickel in the underlying nickel layer can be obtained in consideration of the growth (thickening) of the underlying nickel layer by the coated nickel plating.
- the boundary between the metal substrate and the underlying nickel layer and the boundary between the underlying nickel layer and the roughened nickel layer are determined as shown in FIG. did. That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the boundary between the metal substrate and the underlying nickel layer can be clearly observed as shown in FIG. 11, so the position shown in FIG. 11 (the position shown by the broken line below) is set, while the underlying nickel layer is set. As shown in FIG. 11, the boundary between the surface and the roughened nickel layer was set to the lowest height position (upper broken line position) among the roots of the nickel protrusions formed by the secondary particles. Note that FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a method of determining the boundary between the metal substrate and the underlying nickel layer and the boundary between the underlying nickel layer and the roughened nickel layer in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- A) and FIG. 11 (B) show the same scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs side by side, and in FIG. 11, each boundary position is shown by a broken line in FIG. 11 (B). ..
- FIB-SEM focused ion beam processing observation device
- the observation space formed above is formed by FIB from the metal substrate 11 side toward the roughened nickel layer 12 side.
- a focused ion beam processing observation device high-resolution SEM device with FIB
- the observation space formed above is formed by FIB from the metal substrate 11 side toward the roughened nickel layer 12 side.
- the focused ion beam processing observation device a product name "Helios G4" manufactured by FEI was used, and SEM measurement was performed under the conditions of an acceleration voltage of 3 kV and a sample inclination angle of 52 °.
- the field of view of the measured image itself was about 19.5 ⁇ m in width and about 13 ⁇ m in length, but since the measurement was performed under the condition of an inclination angle of 52 °, the actual field of view was 19.5 ⁇ m in width ⁇ 16.5 ⁇ m in length. It is equivalent to observing a range of degrees.
- the slice pitch was set to about 0.1 ⁇ m, FIB processing was performed, and SEM measurement was performed while performing FIB processing of 6 to 7 ⁇ m in total.
- the length of the image in the vertical direction is corrected, and then the edge of the image is removed and the vicinity of the center is removed.
- An image for analysis was obtained by binarizing a range of 13 ⁇ m in width ⁇ 10.5 ⁇ m in length (observation target visual field) and removing noise.
- the set part of 10 pixels or less was removed as noise (since 1 pixel is about 12.7 nm, for example, the set part of 3 ⁇ 3 pixels (the set part of less than about 38 nm square) is removed as noise). ..
- each analysis item (nickel occupancy, the number of nickel protrusions 12a present, the equivalent circle diameter of the nickel protrusions 12a, etc.) were obtained. Then, by this, data on the nickel occupancy rate, the number of nickel protrusions 12a present, and the equivalent circle diameter of the nickel protrusions 12a at an arbitrary height from the base end position BP of the roughened nickel layer 12 toward the surface side can be obtained. Obtained. Further, for the FIB-SEM image at each height position, the profile in the height direction of each of the above analysis items was measured by connecting the image analysis results.
- the definition of the proximal position BP and each analysis item is as follows.
- Base end position BP Highest position on the substrate side among the height positions where the nickel occupancy is less than 99%
- Nickel occupancy Area ratio (%) of the nickel-existing part in the observation target visual field
- Number of nickel protrusions 12a Number of aggregates of nickel-existing parts of 11 pixels or more (pieces)
- Circle equivalent diameter of nickel protrusion 12a The circle diameter ( ⁇ m) was calculated when an aggregate of nickel-existing parts of 11 pixels or more was regarded as a perfect circle of the same area, and this was observed in the observation target visual field. , Averaged for all aggregates of nickel-existing parts of 11 pixels or more ( ⁇ m)
- each T-peel test piece having the roughened nickel layer is faced to each other, and a polypropylene resin film having a width of 15 mm, a length of 15 mm, and a thickness of 60 ⁇ m (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, trade name “Modic” / polypropylene resin double layer film)
- the joint surface to be evaluated is the joint surface of polypropylene resin and T-peel test piece, and the trade name "Modic” is an adhesive layer for stabilizing the test), temperature: 190 ° C, pressing time: 5 seconds, heat.
- Heat sealing was performed under the condition of sealing pressure: 2.0 kgf / cm 2 , and two T-peel test pieces were joined via a polypropylene resin film.
- the position where the polypropylene resin film is sandwiched is the end portion in the length direction of the T-peel test piece, and the entire polypropylene resin film serves as a joint surface.
- the T-peel test piece thus produced was subjected to a tensile test using a tensile tester (ORIENTEC universal material tester Tensilon RTC-1350A), and the peeling load (T-peel strength) was measured.
- the measurement conditions were a tensile speed of 10 mm / min. At room temperature. It can be judged that the higher the T-peel strength is, the better the adhesion with the resin is.
- an adhesive tape (manufactured by Nichiban Co., Ltd., trade name "Cellotape (registered trademark)" is applied to the surface of the roughened nickel-plated plate on which the roughened nickel layer is formed, which is obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, with a width of 24 mm.
- a peeling test using the affixed adhesive tape was carried out in the same manner as the peeling test method described in JIS H 8504. Then, the adhesive tape after the peeling test was attached to the same mount as the reference sample, and the brightness L * , the chromaticity a * , and b * were measured using a spectrophotometer in the same manner as described above.
- a 60 ⁇ m polypropylene resin film (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name “Modic” / polypropylene resin double-layer film (trade name “Modic” side is used as an adhesive layer on the joint surface) is placed on this for alkaline aqueous solution. After heat-sealing the entire surface using a laminate roll under the conditions of temperature: 150 ° C., pressure: 0.6 MPa (confirmed with pressure-sensitive paper), and roll passing speed: 70 mm / sec, with the marker sheet sandwiched between the above.
- a measurement sample obtained by sealing a marker sheet for an alkaline aqueous solution was obtained by cutting out a circle having a diameter of 30 mm around the marker.
- the obtained measurement sample was used as an alkaline aqueous solution at 30 g / L in Japan.
- Discoloration due to intrusion of alkaline aqueous solution was confirmed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
- ⁇ No discoloration was observed on the marker sheet for the alkaline aqueous solution.
- ⁇ Discoloration with a size smaller than 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm was confirmed at the corners of the marker sheet for the alkaline aqueous solution.
- X Discoloration in a size of 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm or more was confirmed on the marker sheet for the alkaline aqueous solution.
- Example 1 As a substrate, a steel sheet obtained by annealing a cold-rolled plate (thickness 0.05 mm) of low-carbon aluminum killed steel is prepared, and the surface is touched by flattening (smoothing) treatment by rolling. A flattened steel sheet having an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 0.2 ⁇ m with a needle-type surface roughness meter was obtained.
- the steel sheet on which the base nickel layer is formed is subjected to electrolytic plating (roughened nickel plating) under the following conditions using a roughened nickel plating bath under the following bath conditions, whereby the bases on both sides of the steel sheet are grounded. Nickel granules were precipitated on the nickel layer.
- Nickel sulfate (hexahydrate) concentration in the plating bath 10 g / L
- Nickel chloride (hexahydrate) concentration in the plating bath 10 g / L
- Chloride ion concentration in the plating bath 3 g / L
- Electrical conductivity of plating bath at 50 ° C (hereinafter, also referred to as bath conductivity): 11.4 S / m pH: 6
- the steel plate on which nickel granules are precipitated on the underlying nickel layer is subjected to electrolytic plating (coated nickel plating) under the following conditions using a coated nickel plating bath having the following bath composition.
- the roughened nickel-plated plate of Example 1 was obtained by coating the nickel granules precipitated on the nickel layer with a nickel film.
- the amount of nickel in the underlying nickel layer, nickel granules and nickel film, measurement by a focused ion beam processing observation device (FIB-SEM), and adhesion (roughening) of the roughened nickel layer was determined for the roughened nickel-plated plate before forming the coated nickel plating), the adhesion of the polypropylene resin (PP resin), and the liquid penetration when bonded to the polypropylene resin (PP resin). Each measurement and evaluation of the evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 A roughened nickel-plated plate of Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions for roughened nickel plating and the conditions for coated nickel plating were changed as shown in Table 1, and evaluation was performed in the same manner. rice field. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 A roughened nickel-plated plate of Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions for roughened nickel plating and the conditions for coated nickel plating were changed as shown in Table 1, and evaluation was performed in the same manner. rice field. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 A roughened nickel-plated plate of Example 4 was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions for roughened nickel plating and the conditions for coated nickel plating were changed as shown in Table 1. rice field. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 A roughened nickel-plated plate of Example 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions for roughened nickel plating and the conditions for coated nickel plating were changed as shown in Table 1, and evaluation was performed in the same manner. rice field. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 A roughened nickel-plated plate of Example 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions for roughened nickel plating and the conditions for coated nickel plating were changed as shown in Table 1, and evaluation was performed in the same manner. rice field. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 1 A roughened nickel-plated plate of Comparative Example 1 was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions for roughened nickel plating and the conditions for coated nickel plating were changed as shown in Table 1. rice field. The results are shown in Table 1.
- nickel occupancy is 90% from the height position D Ni90% between nickel occupancy up to Ni 50% the height position D is 50%, to the height change
- the absolute value of the change rate of the nickel occupancy rate (Ni 90% _Ni 50%) is 65% / ⁇ m or less, and the nickel occupancy rate is 50% from the height position D Ni 80% where the nickel occupancy rate is 80%.
- the average value Rave (Ni80%_Ni50%) of the equivalent circle diameter of the cross section of the nickel protrusion up to a certain height position D Ni50% is 0.6 ⁇ m or more, and at a height position of 2.0 ⁇ m.
- Nickel occupancy rate C 2.0 is 15% or more
- the number N 2.0 of a plurality of nickel protrusions at a height position of 2.0 ⁇ m is 20 pieces / 136.5 ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the roughened nickel-plated plates according to Examples 1 to 6 have excellent adhesion of the plating layer to the base material and adhesion to other members, and also have excellent liquid permeability when bonded to other members. Met.
- the absolute rate of change in nickel occupancy the value C rate (Ni90% _Ni50%) is a 65% / [mu] m greater, the height D Ni80% 80% nickel occupancy, nickel occupancy up to Ni 50% the height position D is 50%
- the roughened nickel-plated plate according to Comparative Example 1 in which the average value Rave (Ni80% _Ni50%) of the equivalent circle diameter of the cross section of the nickel protrusion is less than 0.6 ⁇ m is the plating layer for the base material. The adhesion of the material and the liquid permeation resistance when joined to other members were not sufficient.
- Comparative Example 1 shows a certain degree of liquid permeability, but it can be said that the liquid permeability during long-term use is insufficient, and the liquid permeability is required for a long time. It was not suitable for various uses.
- FIG. 12A is a graph (base end position BP) showing the relationship between the position of the roughened nickel layer 12 of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 from the base end position BP and the nickel occupancy rate in the observation target visual field.
- FIG. 12 (B) shows the nickel occupancy of the roughened nickel layers 12 of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in the observation target visual field and the nickel occupancy in the observation target visual field.
- a graph showing the relationship with the equivalent circle diameter of the cross section of the nickel protrusion 12a (a graph in which the nickel occupancy rate is expanded in the range of 50 to 80%) is shown.
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Abstract
Description
これに対し、他の部材との密着性を向上させるために、粗化めっきによりニッケルめっき層を形成する方法も考えられるが、本発明者等が検討を行ったところ、粗化めっきにより粗化ニッケルめっき層を形成することにより、他の部材に対する密着性を向上させることができるものの、その一方で、接合界面において、液浸透が発生してしまう場合があるという課題があることが見出された。
前記粗化ニッケルめっき板について、集束イオンビーム加工観察装置(FIB-SEM)による測定を行い、前記集束イオンビーム加工観察装置により得られる撮影画像から、各高さ位置における、前記粗化ニッケル層の状態を測定した際に、
ニッケル占有率が90%である高さ位置DNi90%から、ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%までの間における、高さ変化に対する、ニッケル占有率の変化割合の絶対値Crate(Ni90%_Ni50%)が、65%/μm以下であり、
高さ方向における前記粗化ニッケル層の基端位置から、表面側に向かって2.0μmの高さ位置における、ニッケル占有率C2.0が、15%以上であり、
前記基端位置から、表面側に向かって2.0μmの高さ位置における、複数のニッケル突起物の存在個数N2.0が、20個/136.5μm2以上である粗化ニッケルめっき板が提供される。
前記粗化ニッケルめっき板について、集束イオンビーム加工観察装置(FIB-SEM)による測定を行い、前記集束イオンビーム加工観察装置により得られる撮影画像から、各高さ位置における、前記粗化ニッケル層の状態を測定した際に、
ニッケル占有率が80%である高さ位置DNi80%から、ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%までの間における、前記ニッケル突起物の断面の円相当径の平均値Rave(Ni80%_Ni50%)が、0.6μm以上であり、
高さ方向における前記粗化ニッケル層の基端位置から、表面側に向かって2.0μmの高さ位置における、ニッケル占有率C2.0が、15%以上であり、
前記基端位置から、表面側に向かって2.0μmの高さ位置における、複数のニッケル突起物の存在個数N2.0が、20個/136.5μm2以上である粗化ニッケルめっき板が提供される。
本発明の第1の観点および第2の観点に係る粗化ニッケルめっき板において、前記金属基材が、鋼板であることが好ましい。
本発明の第1の観点および第2の観点に係る粗化ニッケルめっき板において、前記金属基材の厚みが、0.01~2.0mmであることが好ましい。
本発明の第1の観点および第2の観点に係る粗化ニッケルめっき板は、前記金属基材上に、さらに下地ニッケル層を備え、前記粗化ニッケル層は、前記下地ニッケル層を介して、金属基材上に形成されることが好ましい。
本発明の第1の観点および第2の観点に係る粗化ニッケルめっき板において、ニッケルめっきの付着量が、5.0~50.0g/m2であることが好ましい。
なお、本実施形態においては、図1Aに示すように、粗化ニッケルめっき板1として、金属基材11の両面に、下地ニッケル層13を介して、粗化ニッケル層12が形成されてなるものを例示したが、このような態様に特に限定されず、たとえば、図1Bに示す粗化ニッケルめっき板1aのように、粗化ニッケル層12が、下地ニッケル層13を介して、金属基材11の一方の面に形成された構成としてもよい。また、図1A、図1Bにおいては、下地ニッケル層13が形成されてなる態様を例示したが、下地ニッケル層13を形成せずに、金属基材11の上に、直接、粗化ニッケル層12が形成されてなる態様としてもよい。
本実施形態の粗化ニッケルめっき板1の基板となる金属基材11としては、特に限定されないが、Fe,Cu,AlおよびNiから選択される一種の純金属からなる金属板もしくは金属箔、または、Fe,Cu,AlおよびNiから選択される一種を含む合金からなる金属板もしくは金属箔などが挙げられ、具体的には、鋼板、鉄板、ステンレス鋼板、銅板、アルミニウム板、またはニッケル板(これらは、純金属、合金のいずれであってもよく、箔状であってもよい。)などが挙げられ、これらのなかでも、めっき処理の前処理が比較的簡便な前処理でもめっきを施しやすく、また、金属基材に対して密着性の高い粗化ニッケル層を良好に形成しやすいことから、鋼板または銅板が好ましく、特に、低炭素アルミキルド鋼(炭素量0.01~0.15重量%)、炭素量が0.01重量%以下(好ましくは炭素量が0.003重量%以下)の極低炭素鋼、または極低炭素鋼にTiやNbなどを添加してなる非時効性極低炭素鋼が好適に用いられる。
浴組成:硫酸ニッケル六水和物100~300g/L、硫酸10~200g/L
pH:1.0以下
浴温:40~70℃
電流密度:5~100A/dm2
めっき時間:3~100秒間
本実施形態の粗化ニッケルめっき板1の最表面に形成される粗化ニッケル層12は、複数のニッケル突起物から形成される粗化めっき層であり、粗化ニッケル層12は、集束イオンビーム加工観察装置(FIB-SEM)による測定を行った際における、粗化ニッケル層12を構成する複数のニッケル突起物の状態が、以下に説明する第1の態様および第2の態様のいずれかの状態にあるものである。
たとえば、金属基材11側から、所定の厚みごとに断面を露出させ、露出させた断面について、FIB-SEM画像を得る方法においては、まず、粗化ニッケルめっき板1について、樹脂埋めする処理を行い、研磨等により、測定対象となる断面を露出させる。次いで、分析対象箇所としての粗化ニッケル層12に対し、マーキングを行い、必要に応じて、測定試料に対して、導電化処理(たとえば、カーボン蒸着等)を行う。次いで、図3Aに示すように、金属基材11(あるいは、下地ニッケル層13)のうち、マーキングした粗化ニッケル層12よりも十分に下側の位置である一方で、粗化ニッケル層12になるべく近い位置について、エッチングを行い、エッチングにより、Slice & View法を利用した測定を行うための、観察用の空間を形成する。なお、エッチングにより形成する観察用の空間は、粗化ニッケル層12に対し、Slice & View法を利用した測定を行うのに十分な大きさを有する空間とする。そして、観察用の空間より、金属基材11(あるいは、下地ニッケル層13)側から、粗化ニッケル層12側に向かって、収束イオンビーム(FIB)にて、所定厚み、たとえば、0.1μmで削る操作、および、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により、FIB-SEM画像を得る操作を繰り返し行い、所定厚みごとに、FIB-SEM画像を得る。なお、この際においては、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)による観察は、観察用の空間から、所定角度(たとえば、52°傾いた角度)にて行う。また、この際における所定厚み(測定ピッチ)としては、0.1μmに特に限定されず、たとえば、0.08~0.18μmの間で選択することが好適である。そして、図3Bに示すように、各測定断面におけるFIB-SEM画像を得る。すなわち、図3Bに示すように、基端位置BPから高さ方向に向かって、所定のピッチ(たとえば、図3B中に破線で示すように、0.1μmのピッチ)にて、各測定断面におけるFIB-SEM画像を得る。なお、図3Bは、集束イオンビーム加工観察装置(FIB-SEM)を用いた、粗化ニッケル層12の測定方法を説明するための図であって、図3AのIIIb部分を拡大して示す図である。
そして、本実施形態の第1の態様は、粗化ニッケル層12が、以下の(1)~(3)の条件を満たすものである。
(1)ニッケル占有率が90%である高さ位置DNi90%から、ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%までの間における、高さ変化に対する、ニッケル占有率の変化割合の絶対値Crate(Ni90%_Ni50%)が、65%/μm以下
(2)基端位置BPから、表面側に向かって2.0μmの高さ位置における、ニッケル占有率C2.0が、15%以上
(3)基端位置BPから、表面側に向かって2.0μmの高さ位置における、複数のニッケル突起物12aの存在個数N2.0が、20個/136.5μm2以上
高さ変化に対する、ニッケル占有率の変化割合の絶対値Crate(Ni90%_Ni50%)=|〔ニッケル占有率が90%である高さ位置DNi90%におけるニッケル占有率(%)-ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%におけるニッケル占有率(%)〕÷〔基端位置BPからの、ニッケル占有率が90%である高さ位置DNi90%(μm)-基端位置BPからの、ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%(μm)〕| (式α)
なお、ニッケル占有率の変化割合の絶対値Crate(Ni90%_Ni50%)の算出に際して、測定ピッチの関係上、ニッケル占有率が90%ちょうどである高さ位置のデータや、ニッケル占有率が50%ちょうどである高さ位置のデータが取得できない場合には、最も近い高さ位置のデータを使用し、近似処理等を行えばよい。
また、本実施形態の第2の態様は、粗化ニッケル層12が、上記した(2)、(3)の条件に加えて、以下の(4)の条件を満たすものである。
(4)ニッケル占有率が80%である高さ位置DNi80%から、ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%までの間における、ニッケル突起物の断面の円相当径の平均値Rave(Ni80%_Ni50%)が、0.6μm以上
(5)複数のニッケル突起物12aの存在個数の最大値Nmaxが150個/136.5μm2未満
(6)基端位置BPから、表面側に向かって0.3μmの高さ位置における、複数のニッケル突起物12aの存在個数N0.3が、45個/136.5μm2以下
(7)基端位置BPから、表面側に向かって0.3μmの高さ位置における、ニッケル突起物12aの断面の円相当径R0.3が、0.6μm以上
(8)基端位置BPから、表面側に向かって、ニッケル突起物12aの断面の円相当径が漸減していく中で、円相当径が、初めて1μm以下まで減少する際における、基端位置BPからの高さ位置を、1μm以下高さ位置D1μmとした場合に、1μm以下高さ位置D1μmが、0.15μm以上
(9)ニッケル占有率が80%である高さ位置DNi80%から、ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%までの間における、高さ変化に対する、ニッケル占有率の変化割合の絶対値Crate(Ni80%_Ni50%)が、65%/μm以下
(10)基端位置BPから、表面側に向かって0.5~1.5μmの高さ位置における、複数のニッケル突起物12aの存在個数の平均値Nave(0.5_1.5)が、20個/136.5μm2以上
高さ変化に対する、ニッケル占有率の変化割合の絶対値Crate(Ni80%_Ni50%)=|〔ニッケル占有率が80%である高さ位置DNi80%におけるニッケル占有率(%)-ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%におけるニッケル占有率(%)〕÷〔基端位置BPからの、ニッケル占有率が80%である高さ位置DNi80%(μm)-基端位置BPからの、ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%(μm)〕| (式β)
図1Bに示すような粗化ニッケルめっき板1を製造する場合には、たとえば、粗化ニッケルめっきを施す工程において、粗化ニッケル層12を形成しない方の表面には通電せずにめっき処理を行う方法や、マスキングを行う方法によって、片面のみに粗化ニッケル層12を有する粗化ニッケルめっき鋼板を得ることができる。
なお、各特性の評価方法は、以下のとおりである。
本実施例においては下地ニッケル層、ニッケル粒状物およびニッケル被膜を形成したそれぞれの工程後において蛍光X線装置により測定することで、下地ニッケル層、粗化ニッケル層(ニッケル粒状物およびニッケル被膜)におけるニッケル量をそれぞれ求めた。具体的には、下地ニッケル層を形成した時点で一度蛍光X線装置を用いて下地ニッケル層のニッケル量を求めた。その後、ニッケル粒状物を形成した後に再度蛍光X線装置で総ニッケル量を求め、得られた総ニッケル量と下地ニッケル層のニッケル量の差分をニッケル粒状物のニッケル量とした。さらに、ニッケル被膜を形成した後に再度蛍光X線装置で総ニッケル量を求め、ニッケル被膜形成前の総ニッケル量と形成後の総ニッケル量の差分を求めることで同様にニッケル被膜のニッケル量を得た。そして、ニッケル粒状物およびニッケル被膜の合計のニッケル量を、粗化ニッケル層の付着量として求めた。
ここで、基体としてステンレス鋼板、およびニッケル板などのニッケルを含む金属を用いる場合においては、上記の蛍光X線装置による各層のニッケル量の測定が出来ない。そのため、予め鋼板等のニッケルを含まない基体を用いて、所定の下地ニッケル層のニッケル量が得られためっき条件にて、基体をステンレス鋼鈑、およびニッケル板などのニッケルを含む金属板にして電解することで、同一の付着量を得ることができる。
なお、本実施例および比較例では上記の方法でニッケル量の測定を行ったが、ニッケル量の測定はこのような方法に限定されず、以下の方法を用いてもよい。本実施例においては、一部、以下の方法も採用した。すなわち、まず、下地ニッケル層、ニッケル粒状物およびニッケル被膜を形成した粗化ニッケルめっき板について、蛍光X線装置により測定を行うことで、粗化ニッケルめっき板上に形成された層の総ニッケル量を求める。次いで、粗化ニッケルめっき板を切断し、断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により観察することで、下地ニッケル層の厚みを計測して、下地ニッケル層の厚みから換算されるニッケル量を求め、これを下地ニッケル層のニッケル量とする。そして、総ニッケル量から、下地ニッケル層のニッケル量を差し引くことで、ニッケル粒状物およびニッケル被膜の合計のニッケル量を求め、これを粗化ニッケル層の付着量とすることができる。特に、被覆ニッケルめっきを行った際には、ニッケル粒状物121を被覆するニッケル被膜122として、粗化ニッケル層12を形成する他、その一部については、下地ニッケル層を形成することとなるところ、このような方法によれば、被覆ニッケルめっきによる下地ニッケル層の成長(厚膜化)を加味した、下地ニッケル層のニッケル量を求めることができるものである。
ここで、断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により観察した際の、金属基体と下地ニッケル層との境界、および下地ニッケル層と粗化ニッケル層との境界については、図11のようにして判定した。すなわち、図11に示すように、金属基体と下地ニッケル層との境界は、図11に示すように明確に観察できるため、図11に示す位置(下の破線位置)とし、一方、下地ニッケル層と粗化ニッケル層との境界については、図11に示すように、二次粒子によるニッケル突起物の根元のうち、最も高さが低い位置(上の破線位置)とした。なお、図11は、実施例、比較例における、金属基体と下地ニッケル層との境界、および下地ニッケル層と粗化ニッケル層との境界の決定方法を説明するための図であり、図11(A)と、図11(B)とは、同じ走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真を並べて示したものであり、図11においては、図11(B)中に、各境界位置を破線で示した。
粗化ニッケルめっき板について、集束イオンビーム加工観察装置(FIB-SEM)を使用して、三次元SEM観察法であるSlice & Viewにより、粗化ニッケル層12を構成する粗化ニッケル層12の状態(凹凸形状)を測定した。すなわち、粗化ニッケルめっき板について、樹脂埋めする処理を行い、研磨により、測定対象となる断面を露出させ、分析対象箇所としての粗化ニッケル層12に対し、マーキングを行った。次いで、金属基材11のうち、マーキングした粗化ニッケル層12よりも十分に下側の位置について、観察用の空間をエッチングにて形成した(図3A参照)。そして、集束イオンビーム加工観察装置(FIB付き高分解能SEM装置)を使用し、上記にて形成した観察用の空間について、金属基材11側から、粗化ニッケル層12側に向かって、FIBでの断面出し加工(Slice)とSEMによる観察(View)を細かく繰り返し、連続したSEM像を取得した後に、取得した像を再構築する事で、粗化ニッケル層12の基端位置BPから表面側に向かって、基板法線方向の立体的な構造情報を得た。なお,集束イオンビーム加工観察装置としては、FEI社製、製品名「Helios G4」を使用し、SEM測定は、加速電圧3kV、試料傾斜角52°の条件で行った。なお、測定画像自体の視野は、幅が約19.5μm、縦が約13μmであったが、傾斜角52°の条件で測定を行ったため、実際には,幅19.5μm×縦16.5μm程度の範囲を観察していることに相当することとなる。測定に際しては、スライスピッチを、0.1μm程度として、FIB加工を行い,累積で6~7μmのFIB加工を行いつつ、SEM測定を行った。
基端位置BP:ニッケル占有率が99%未満となった高さ位置のうち、最も基板側の高さ位置
ニッケル占有率:観察対象視野中における、ニッケル存在部分の面積比率(%)
ニッケル突起物12aの存在個数:11ピクセル以上のニッケル存在部分の集合体の数(個)
ニッケル突起物12aの円相当径:11ピクセル以上のニッケル存在部分の集合体を、同面積の真円とした場合の円直径(μm)を算出し、これを、観察対象視野中に観察された、11ピクセル以上のニッケル存在部分の集合体全てについて平均したもの(μm)
実施例および比較例で得られた粗化ニッケルめっき板を切断して、幅15mm、長さ50mmの寸法の試験用原板を2つ作製し、これをTピール試験片とした。そして、2つのTピール試験片について、それぞれ長さ20mmの位置で角度90°となるように折り曲げた。次いで、各Tピール試験片の粗化ニッケル層を有する面を向い合せ、幅15mm、長さ15mm、厚さ60μmのポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム(三菱ケミカル社製、商品名「モディック」/ポリプロピレン樹脂二層フィルム、評価対象となる接合面はポリプロピレン樹脂とTピール試験片の接合面、商品名「モディック」は試験を安定させるための接着剤層)を挟み込み、温度:190℃、押付時間:5秒、ヒートシール圧:2.0kgf/cm2の条件でヒートシールを行い、2つのTピール試験片を、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルムを介して接合した。ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルムを挟み込む位置はTピール試験体の長さ方向の端部であり、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム全体が接合面となる。このように作製したTピール試験体に対して、引張試験機(ORIENTEC製 万能材料試験機 テンシロンRTC-1350A)を用いた引張試験を行い、剥離荷重(Tピール強度)を測定した。測定条件は室温で引張速度10mm/min.とした。Tピール強度が高いほど、樹脂との密着性に優れると判断でき、8N/15mm幅以上を○とし、10N/15mm幅以上を◎とした。
まず、基準サンプルとして、粘着テープ(ニチバン社製、商品名「セロテープ(登録商標)」)を、台紙に貼り付けたものを準備し、分光測色計(製品名「CM-5」、コニカミノルタ社製)を使用して、明度L*、色度a*、b*を測定した。なお、測定に際しては、CIE1976L*a*b*色差モデルを用いた。
そして、実施例および比較例で得られた、粗化ニッケルめっき板の粗化ニッケル層が形成された面に、粘着テープ(ニチバン社製、商品名「セロテープ(登録商標)」)を、幅24mm、長さ50mmの範囲となるように貼付した後、貼付した粘着テープによる剥離試験を、JIS H 8504に記載された引きはがし試験方法の要領で行った。そして、剥離試験後の粘着テープを、上記基準サンプルと同じ台紙に貼り付け、上記と同様にして、分光測色計を使用して、明度L*、色度a*、b*を測定した。そして、予め測定した、基準サンプルの明度L*、色度a*、b*の測定結果、および剥離試験後の粘着テープの明度L*、色度a*、b*の測定結果から、これらの差ΔE*ab(ΔE*ab=〔(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2〕1/2)を算出し、以下の基準に基づいて、粗化ニッケル層の密着性の評価を行った。なお、ΔE*abが小さいほど、剥離試験において剥離する量が少なく、つまり、剥離試験後の、粗化ニッケル層の残存率が高く、基材に対する密着性に優れると判断することができる。
◎:ΔE*ab=1未満
○:ΔE*ab=1以上、10未満
×:ΔE*ab=10以上
実施例および比較例で得られた粗化ニッケルめっき板を切断して、幅90mm、長さ140mmの寸法の液浸透性評価用試験片を作製した。そして、得られた液浸透性評価用試験片上に、幅7mm、長さ7mmの寸法のアルカリ水溶液用のマーカーシート(Macherey-nagel製、pH試験紙)を置き、幅110mm、長さ160mm、厚さ60μmのポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム(三菱ケミカル社製、商品名「モディック」/ポリプロピレン樹脂二層フィルム(商品名「モディック」側を接着剤層として接合面に使用)をこの上にのせて、アルカリ水溶液用のマーカーシートを挟んだ状態にて、温度:150℃、圧力:0.6MPa(感圧紙にて確認)、ロール通過速度:70mm/秒の条件で、ラミネートロールを用いて、全面ヒートシール後、マーカーを中心に直径30mmの円に切り抜くことで,アルカリ水溶液用のマーカーシートを密封してなる測定用サンプルを得た。そして、得られた測定用サンプルを、アルカリ水溶液としての30g/Lの日本クエーカー・ケミカル社製、フォーミュラー 618-TK-2水溶液中に、80℃、30時間の条件にて浸漬させ、浸漬後の測定用サンプル中のアルカリ水溶液用のマーカーシートの変色(測定用サンプル内部への、アルカリ水溶液の侵入による変色)を確認し、以下の基準で評価した。
○:アルカリ水溶液用のマーカーシートに変色が全くみられなかった。
△:アルカリ水溶液用のマーカーシートの角部に、2mm×2mmより小さいサイズでの変色が確認された。
×:アルカリ水溶液用のマーカーシートに、2mm×2mm以上のサイズでの変色が確認された。
基体として、低炭素アルミキルド鋼の冷間圧延板(厚さ0.05mm)を焼鈍して得られた鋼板を準備し、圧延により、平坦化(平滑化)処理を行うことで、その表面の触針式表面粗度計での算術平均粗さRaが0.2μmである平坦化処理鋼板を得た。
<下地ニッケルめっき条件>
浴組成:硫酸ニッケル六水和物250g/L、塩化ニッケル六水和物45g/L、ホウ酸30g/L
pH:4.2
浴温:60℃
電流密度:10A/dm2
めっき時間:30秒間
<粗化ニッケルめっき条件>
めっき浴中の硫酸ニッケル(六水和物)濃度:10g/L
めっき浴中の塩化ニッケル(六水和物)濃度:10g/L
めっき浴の塩化物イオン濃度:3g/L
めっき浴中のニッケルイオンとアンモニウムイオンとの比:ニッケルイオン/アンモニウムイオン(重量比)=0.17
50℃におけるめっき浴の電気伝導率(以下、浴電導度ともいう):11.4S/m
pH:6
浴温:50℃
電流密度:8A/dm2
めっき時間:120秒間
<被覆ニッケルめっき条件>
浴組成:硫酸ニッケル六水和物250g/L、塩化ニッケル六水和物45g/L、ホウ酸30g/L
pH:4.2
浴温:60℃
電流密度:8A/dm2
めっき時間:24秒間
粗化ニッケルめっきの条件および被覆ニッケルめっきの条件を表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の粗化ニッケルめっき板を得て、同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
粗化ニッケルめっきの条件および被覆ニッケルめっきの条件を表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の粗化ニッケルめっき板を得て、同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
粗化ニッケルめっきの条件および被覆ニッケルめっきの条件を表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例4の粗化ニッケルめっき板を得て、同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
粗化ニッケルめっきの条件および被覆ニッケルめっきの条件を表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例5の粗化ニッケルめっき板を得て、同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
粗化ニッケルめっきの条件および被覆ニッケルめっきの条件を表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例6の粗化ニッケルめっき板を得て、同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
粗化ニッケルめっきの条件および被覆ニッケルめっきの条件を表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の粗化ニッケルめっき板を得て、同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
一方、ニッケル占有率が90%である高さ位置DNi90%から、ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%までの間における、高さ変化に対する、ニッケル占有率の変化割合の絶対値Crate(Ni90%_Ni50%)が、65%/μm超であり、ニッケル占有率が80%である高さ位置DNi80%から、ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%までの間における、前記ニッケル突起物の断面の円相当径の平均値Rave(Ni80%_Ni50%)が、0.6μm未満である比較例1に係る粗化ニッケルめっき板は、基材に対するめっき層の密着性、および、他の部材に接合した際における耐液浸透性が十分なものではなかった。特に、比較例1は、一定程度の耐液浸透性は示しているものの、長時間使用時の耐液浸透性が不十分であるといえ、長時間に亘り耐液浸透性が要求されるような用途には適さないものであった。
図12(A)に、実施例1および比較例1の粗化ニッケル層12の基端位置BPからの位置と、観察対象視野中における、ニッケル占有率との関係を示すグラフ(基端位置BP側を拡大したグラフ)を、図12(B)に、実施例1および比較例1の粗化ニッケル層12の、観察対象視野中における、ニッケル占有率と、観察対象視野中に観察される、ニッケル突起物12aの断面の円相当径との関係を示すグラフ(ニッケル占有率50~80%の範囲を拡大したグラフ)をそれぞれ示す。
11…金属基材
12…粗化ニッケル層
12a…ニッケル突起物
121…ニッケル粒状物
122…ニッケル被膜
13…下地ニッケル層
Claims (7)
- 金属基材の少なくとも一方の面に、最表層として、複数のニッケル突起物から形成される粗化ニッケル層を有する粗化ニッケルめっき板であって、
前記粗化ニッケルめっき板について、集束イオンビーム加工観察装置(FIB-SEM)による測定を行い、前記集束イオンビーム加工観察装置により得られる撮影画像から、各高さ位置における、前記粗化ニッケル層の状態を測定した際に、
ニッケル占有率が90%である高さ位置DNi90%から、ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%までの間における、高さ変化に対する、ニッケル占有率の変化割合の絶対値Crate(Ni90%_Ni50%)が、65%/μm以下であり、
高さ方向における前記粗化ニッケル層の基端位置から、表面側に向かって2.0μmの高さ位置における、ニッケル占有率C2.0が、15%以上であり、
前記基端位置から、表面側に向かって2.0μmの高さ位置における、複数のニッケル突起物の存在個数N2.0が、20個/136.5μm2以上である粗化ニッケルめっき板。 - 金属基材の少なくとも一方の面に、最表層として、複数のニッケル突起物から形成される粗化ニッケル層を有する粗化ニッケルめっき板であって、
前記粗化ニッケルめっき板について、集束イオンビーム加工観察装置(FIB-SEM)による測定を行い、前記集束イオンビーム加工観察装置により得られる撮影画像から、各高さ位置における、前記粗化ニッケル層の状態を測定した際に、
ニッケル占有率が80%である高さ位置DNi80%から、ニッケル占有率が50%である高さ位置DNi50%までの間における、前記ニッケル突起物の断面の円相当径の平均値Rave(Ni80%_Ni50%)が、0.6μm以上であり、
高さ方向における前記粗化ニッケル層の基端位置から、表面側に向かって2.0μmの高さ位置における、ニッケル占有率C2.0が、15%以上であり、
前記基端位置から、表面側に向かって2.0μmの高さ位置における、複数のニッケル突起物の存在個数N2.0が、20個/136.5μm2以上である粗化ニッケルめっき板。 - 前記金属基材が、Fe,Cu,AlおよびNiから選択される一種の純金属からなる金属板もしくは金属箔、または、Fe,Cu,AlおよびNiから選択される一種を含む合金からなる金属板もしくは金属箔である請求項1または2に記載の粗化ニッケルめっき板。
- 前記金属基材が、鋼板である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の粗化ニッケルめっき板。
- 前記金属基材の厚みが、0.01~2.0mmである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の粗化ニッケルめっき板。
- 前記金属基材上に、さらに下地ニッケル層を備え、
前記粗化ニッケル層は、前記下地ニッケル層を介して、金属基材上に形成される請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の粗化ニッケルめっき板。 - ニッケルめっきの付着量が、5.0~50.0g/m2である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の粗化ニッケルめっき板。
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