WO2021144056A1 - Feder mit einer überwachungsvorrichtung, system mit einem tor und der feder mit der überwachungsvorrichtung, sowie verfahren hierfür - Google Patents
Feder mit einer überwachungsvorrichtung, system mit einem tor und der feder mit der überwachungsvorrichtung, sowie verfahren hierfür Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021144056A1 WO2021144056A1 PCT/EP2020/083166 EP2020083166W WO2021144056A1 WO 2021144056 A1 WO2021144056 A1 WO 2021144056A1 EP 2020083166 W EP2020083166 W EP 2020083166W WO 2021144056 A1 WO2021144056 A1 WO 2021144056A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- failure
- door
- door leaf
- monitoring device
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/02—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary
- E06B9/08—Roll-type closures
- E06B9/11—Roller shutters
- E06B9/13—Roller shutters with closing members of one piece, e.g. of corrugated sheet metal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/56—Operating, guiding or securing devices or arrangements for roll-type closures; Spring drums; Tape drums; Counterweighting arrangements therefor
- E06B9/62—Counterweighting arrangements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/56—Operating, guiding or securing devices or arrangements for roll-type closures; Spring drums; Tape drums; Counterweighting arrangements therefor
- E06B9/80—Safety measures against dropping or unauthorised opening; Braking or immobilising devices; Devices for limiting unrolling
- E06B9/82—Safety measures against dropping or unauthorised opening; Braking or immobilising devices; Devices for limiting unrolling automatic
- E06B9/84—Safety measures against dropping or unauthorised opening; Braking or immobilising devices; Devices for limiting unrolling automatic against dropping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/04—Wound springs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/04—Wound springs
- F16F1/12—Attachments or mountings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
- F16F2230/08—Sensor arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
- F16F2230/24—Detecting or preventing malfunction, e.g. fail safe
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spring with a monitoring device, a system with a gate, in particular a motor-driven lifting gate, and the spring with the monitoring device, and a method for monitoring a vibration behavior of a spring.
- Lifting gates are widely known in practice and have been tried and tested for a long time. They serve as a closure for door openings of various types in the private and commercial Be rich and include a door leaf covering a door opening, which can be moved in the vertical direction from an open position (open position) to a closed position (closed position) and vice versa.
- a roller door which conventionally has: a door leaf, which consists of mutually angled slats, which are guided on the two side edges of the door opening by means of vertical guide rails in the closed position; a winding shaft to which the door leaf is attached and by means of which the door leaf is raised into the open position and rolled up; and an electric motor drive.
- weight compensation devices typically have springs which are under maximum tension when the door is closed and therefore support the opening movement of the door leaf. This makes it possible to reduce the drive torques required when operating such a roller door, and if the arrangement is correctly adjusted, an abrupt fall of the door leaf in the event of a disturbance can be prevented.
- the pretensioning force of the spring is usually selected so that it exceeds the respective weight of the free door leaf length, i.e. the door leaf section not yet moved out of the door opening, up to a desired compensation point in any case.
- the door leaf moves automatically to an open position if, due to a defect in the drive mechanism or a manual Entrie gelung, for example in the event of a power failure, the drive no longer has a blocking effect.
- torsion springs for weight compensation. These are arranged coaxially to a guide device and in the closed stel development of the door leaf fully tensioned and accordingly ent tensioned when the door leaf is open.
- weight compensation devices of a type are known, as is explained, for example, in EP 0 531327 B1.
- This typically has a helical spring as a spring, as well as a tension element attached to it, usually in the form of a cable, belt or chain.
- the lower end of the spring element is firmly connected to the floor, while its upper end is coupled by the tension element to a winding shaft arranged on the lintel side of the roller shutter.
- the tension element is wound onto this winding shaft with layers lying directly on top of one another, so that the spring element is increasingly tensioned.
- the opening movement of the door leaf is connected to an unwinding process of the tension element from the winding shaft, so that this results in a relaxation of the spring.
- the winding shaft is gekop pelt with the drive of the roller shutter.
- High-speed lift gates are used to close off highly frequented gate openings, particularly in the commercial environment. In such cases, the door leaves are moved with long strokes, often a few meters. Because of the high operating speed of more than 2 m / s that is often achieved, it is usually possible to do this To close high-speed gates between two consecutive passages of a forklift truck or the like and thus to provide protection against weather influences, drafts or a loss of the air-conditioned atmosphere in a room.
- opening or closing the gate or passing through the gate is no longer possible.
- a user such as a freight forwarder, can incur not inconsiderable economic damage.
- DE 10 2015 107 416 A1 discloses a system for monitoring the door guidance quality which, by means of a sensor attached directly to a door leaf, detects an acceleration or vibration of the door leaf during movement, i.e. during opening or closing. This allows a degree of friction between the door leaf and the door guide and / or a degree of wear of the bearing components. Determine components of the gate device, and thus monitor the functionality of the Torvor device, so that any impairment of the freedom of movement of the Torblat tes can be detected early and remedied to avoid consequential damage.
- a load on the spring as an essential component of the weight compensation device takes place not only when the door leaf moves, but also when the respective end position is reached due to a strong rebound of the spring when the door leaf comes to a standstill. Associated with this is another risk of failure.
- the spring is a critical component in a gate device, the failure of which can pose a risk to people and technology.
- the springs with varying spring properties are system-specific, calculated and manufactured individually for each door based on the type, the door leaf weight, and the opening and closing speed. Incorrectly provided, not suitable, or spring properties that change over time also pose a problem, since the spring properties must be precisely matched.
- Another problem is basically the energy supply for sensors attached to the door leaf.
- the power supply for sensors on the door leaf takes place regularly by means of spiral or trailing cables, or by means of energy chains built into the door leaf.
- these are subject to severe mechanical aging or wear, as the movement load is high, especially with high-speed doors.
- a high design effort is required for the use of cables and energy chains, which is associated with corresponding costs.
- the further objectives can be provided to provide a device, a system and a method for increasing the operational safety of a door with springs, which are reliable and / or inexpensive.
- the operational safety of the door can in particular include the aspects of recording wear, recording critical damage to the door mechanism, recording maintenance errors and / or recording the long-term behavior of the door mechanism.
- a spring with a monitoring device having the following: a sensor board provided on a vibrating part of the spring; a sensor device provided on the sensor board for detecting at least one physical variable of the spring when the spring vibrates; an evaluation device for evaluating the detected physical variable, the evaluation device being set up in such a way that failure of the spring is recognized or anticipated.
- a sensor board can, for example, consist of the known material FR4 and have conductor tracks, solder points and active and / or passive components attached to it on one or both sides.
- a spring generally designates an elastically deformable component which stores mechanical energy by deformation and is preferably suitable for forming a weight compensation device.
- the term “spring” can denote both a spring element, a single spring or a spring package which comprises several single springs.
- the spring can have a longitudinal axis, and this can react to tension and / or pressure with a restoring force. If part of the spring is deflected from a rest position and released, a characteristic oscillation of the spring occurs due to the restoring force, among other things.
- a characteristic oscillation of the spring can be both an oscillation of the entire spring and an oscillation of a part of the spring Designate spring.
- a physical quantity of the spring detected when the spring vibrates is based on a property of the spring which, with reference to the usual definition of fundamental physics, can contain the spring constant D. Information about a property of the spring, for example about its mechanical stability, can thus be obtained from the physical variable recorded in this way.
- the spring can, for example, be a coil spring.
- Detection of failure of the spring relates to detection of a spring break or some other disadvantageous change in properties of the spring.
- a change in properties is disadvantageous if it negatively affects the intended use of the spring.
- Anticipating failure involves recognizing an impending failure before it actually occurs.
- a failure can be detected or anticipated by detecting at least one physical variable of the spring when the spring vibrates by means of the sensor device and evaluating it by means of the evaluation device in such a way that a potential damage event, for example a spring break, is predicted with a high degree of probability before it occurs can.
- a limit or a threshold value relating to at least one physical variable can be determined by experiments, in which a failure occurs with a probability that is no longer acceptable for the normal operation of a door.
- the usual rules for safety equipment apply particularly to (high-speed) roller doors.
- the evaluation device is set up in such a way that it detects or anticipates the failure of the spring by evaluating the post-oscillation behavior of the spring after the spring has been stressed, for example after an expansion or compression along a longitudinal axis of the spring; and the evaluation device is set up in such a way that it outputs a positive monitoring signal if the failure of the spring is anticipated or recognized.
- the post-oscillation behavior describes the behavior of the spring after it has been stressed, while the term oscillation behavior refers in general to its oscillation behavior, for example also during its stress.
- a positive monitoring signal denotes a signal which is suitable for indicating a failure or an impending failure of the spring.
- the oscillation can also be referred to in particular as the oscillation which occurs after the end of the stress on the spring during the transition to the rest position, for example when the door leaf has reached an end position during a closing or opening process.
- An end position of the door leaf is dependent on the respective degree of opening and closing of the door. This can be completely or partially closed or open.
- a post-oscillation of the spring can be recognized on the basis of the usual (physical) characteristics of the spring during post-oscillation. For example, a decrease in the oscillation amplitude over at least two periods (again, for example, by means of threshold values) can be recognized, or a correlation analysis of at least one of the recorded variables can take place. More details are explained below with reference to the Figu ren.
- the oscillating part of the spring is the central area of the spring between 30% and 70% of the total length of the spring.
- the total length of the spring denotes the distance between two opposite ends of the springs along a longitudinal axis of the spring.
- the at least one physical variable is at least one of a location, a speed, an acceleration, a jolt of the sensor device and a position of the sensor board.
- “Location” means the position in space and “Location” means orientation in space. A body can change its position by twisting it without changing its location and vice versa.
- the relationship between jerk / (t) (see classical mechanics on the concept of jerk), acceleration a (t), speed v (t) and location x (t) can be mathematically described with the following equation:
- the speed is the first derivative (i.e. change) of the position vector with respect to time
- the acceleration is the first derivative of the speed vector with respect to time
- the jerk is the first derivative of the acceleration vector with respect to time.
- acceleration is used in the present case in a general way, that is to say also in the sense of “braking” or “decelerating”, unless the facts necessarily suggest something else.
- a spring breaks or some other change in a property of the spring occurs, this can change a location, a speed, an acceleration and / or a jolt of the sensor device and / or a position of the sensor board compared to a spring with "normal" properties. A failure of the spring can thus be recognized and / or anticipated.
- a means for detecting the physical variable can be, for example, an acceleration sensor which measures the acceleration of the sensor device along a longitudinal axis of the spring.
- the acceleration sensor can be, for example, a piezoelectric acceleration sensor or a MEMS acceleration sensor. With such a sensor, the acceleration of the sensor device can be determined very precisely and at a high sampling rate (for example> 50 Hz).
- the evaluation device is set up to determine at least one evaluation value based on the at least one recorded physical variable and to compare this with a corresponding predetermined failure threshold value or failure value range, and the monitoring device is set up when a comparison condition is fulfilled, a monitoring signal is output which indicates the failure.
- the evaluation value can also contain a plurality of calculated individual values; for example, it can contain an array or a number sequence of physical quantities in a program software.
- a comparison condition can be, for example, that the evaluation value exceeds the specified failure threshold value once or for a specified period of time or lies in the failure value range.
- the comparison condition can also be that the evaluation value falls below the specified failure threshold value once or for a specified period of time or lies outside the failure range.
- An evaluation value can be, for example, an amplitude of the oscillation and / or a frequency or period duration of the oscillation and / or a duration of the post-oscillation.
- the evaluation value can also be a mean value of the amplitude of the oscillation after at least two gate strokes in order to limit interfering influences.
- the evaluation value can also contain a plurality of individual values. Possible embodiments of the invention, however, are not limited to these evaluation values mentioned by way of example. Suitable evaluation values can, for example, be values which give conclusions about a property of the spring.
- the evaluation value can also be used to detect a rebound of the spring.
- the following are also provided on the sensor board: a communication device for wireless or wired transmission of the at least one physical variable and / or a monitoring signal relating to the result of the evaluation; and an energy supply device, preferably a battery with a voltage stabilizer, for supplying energy to the sensor device and the evaluation device.
- the sensor board also has a storage device which contains a first serial number which can be clearly assigned to the spring, and the evaluation device is set up to compare the first serial number with a second serial number in order to provide a control signal, which indicates a match and / or a discrepancy between the first serial number and the second serial number.
- a storage device which contains a first serial number which can be clearly assigned to the spring
- the evaluation device is set up to compare the first serial number with a second serial number in order to provide a control signal, which indicates a match and / or a discrepancy between the first serial number and the second serial number.
- a system with a door in particular a lifting door, which has: a door leaf which covers a door opening and can be moved between an open position and a closed position; a drive device for moving the door leaf between the open position (open position) and the closed position (closed position); a gate control device for controlling the drive device; a spring connected to the door leaf with a monitoring device, the spring being configured to generate a force which counteracts a weight force of the door leaf, the force generated by the spring being greater in the closed position than in the open position; and where the Monitoring device set up to transmit a monitoring signal to the door control device in the event that the spring failure is recognized or anticipated.
- a door in the context of the invention is a device with a movable door leaf which covers a door opening, in particular a lifting door.
- a door according to the invention is, for example, a roller door in which the door leaf, which comprises a plurality of individual elements (slats) that are movably connected to one another, is guided in guides attached to the side.
- This movement of the door leaf is effected by the drive device of the door, which has, for example, a powerful electric motor, a pneumatic lifting cylinder or a hydraulic system.
- the drive device can have further mechanical components, such as, for example, gears, belts or coupling elements.
- the gate control device can be set up for semi or fully automatic control of the drive device.
- a door control device has a microcomputer with control programs (software) which provide the opening and closing operation as well as various operating and / or safety routines.
- the gate control device can be designed to be hard-wired.
- the system according to the invention with a gate makes it possible to react appropriately to the detected or anticipated failure of the spring in the event of a detected or anticipated failure of the spring of the gate control device.
- An appropriate reaction can be, for example, to interrupt operation of the door in the event of a recognized or anticipated spring failure.
- the gate control device can thus be set up to switch off the drive device when the monitoring signal indicates a spring failure.
- An appropriate reaction can be, for example, to stop a door leaf falling within a predefined period of time by means of an EMERGENCY STOP mechanism if a spring break is detected and a door leaf has crashed . This not only detects the fall of the gate, but also prevents it as quickly as possible.
- a fall of the door leaf is an unintended or unintended movement of the door leaf.
- a common direction of the fall is, for example, gravitation-related downwards towards the ground.
- An appropriate reaction can also be, for example, to modify a movement of the door leaf, for example in such a way that a load on the spring is reduced.
- the acceleration limit values for the movement of the door leaf can be reduced.
- the door control device can thus be set up to control the drive device in such a way that a vibration of the spring triggered by a movement of the door leaf and detected by the monitoring device, in particular a rebound of the spring, due to acceleration or braking of the Gate leaf is reduced.
- the system with goal also has the following: a first serial number which can be clearly assigned to the spring; and a second serial number which can be clearly assigned to the gate.
- the monitoring device is also set up to compare the first serial number with the second serial number and to transmit a result of the comparison to the gate control device.
- the gate control device is set up to output an error signal and / or to switch off the drive device if, as a result of the comparison, there is a discrepancy between the first serial number and the second serial number. This ensures that only springs are used in the gate intended for use or that the gate is only operated with suitable springs.
- a system according to the invention with a door has the advantage that a movement amplitude to which the monitoring device is subjected when monitoring the spring is significantly lower than in a case where the sensor is attached directly to the door leaf. Hence, even a power supply by means of spiral or trailing cables is less of a problem, since the movement load on the cables is lower.
- a method for monitoring the vibration behavior of a spring which has the following steps: detecting the vibration behavior of a spring with a monitoring device by means of a sensor device provided on a sensor board, the sensor board being provided on a vibrating part of the spring; Detecting at least one physical variable of the spring when the spring vibrates; and evaluating the at least one physical variable in such a way that failure of the spring is recognized or anticipated.
- the method further comprises: recognizing the beginning of a post-oscillation of the spring after a stress on the spring, in particular a compression or expansion; Detecting the at least one physical variable of the spring when the spring oscillates; and outputting a positive monitoring signal if the failure of the spring is anticipated or detected.
- the at least one physical variable is at least one of a location, a speed, an acceleration, a jolt of the sensor device and a position of the sensor board.
- the method also has: determining an evaluation value based on the at least one recorded physical variable; Compare the determined evaluation value with a corresponding predetermined one Failure threshold or failure value range; Output of the positive monitoring signal, which indicates the failure if a comparison condition is met.
- the step of evaluating includes performing a cross-correlation of a recorded vibration behavior of the recorded physical variable with a pre-stored vibration behavior of the recorded physical variable.
- the vibration behavior of the spring can also be assessed, for example, with a pattern recognition or with a correlation function relating to the recorded variables.
- the recorded variable can be correlated with an “ideal” pre-stored vibration behavior, for example by means of a cross-correlation function or a wavelet transformation, the result of the correlation calculation being a value that represents the level or degree of similarity between the recorded vibration behavior and the pre-stored one Reproduces vibration behavior.
- the correlation integral as the result of the calculations is the basis for how similar the functions to be examined are.
- a simple threshold value can now be provided in order to recognize that the current oscillation behavior deviates too much from the pre-stored oscillation behavior.
- it can be calculated how similar the currently recorded vibration behavior is to a, for example, pre-stored “ideal” vibration behavior.
- the pre-stored vibration behavior as an input variable for the cross-correlation can advantageously be recorded, for example, by means of a recording process or by means of measurements on a new or correctly functioning spring and then saved.
- the monitoring device can be by means of a Calibration process, for example when reinstalling the door, at least carry out a first detection process to detect an initial vibration behavior of the spring, and store the result of the detection in the memory.
- the initial vibration behavior of the spring can then be used permanently in the monitoring device as an input for the cross-correlation function, while current, or subsequent and recurring, detection processes of the vibration behavior of the spring over the life of the spring as the further input for the correlation function can be used, which is also performed repeatedly.
- the result of the correlation calculation shows a decreasing similarity between the pre-stored "ideal" vibration behavior of the spring and the currently recorded vibration behavior of the spring, which is compared, for example, with a threshold value for determining or anticipating failure of the spring can be.
- one of the aforementioned physical quantities, for example the detected acceleration can be used as a function over time as the vibration behavior, which can serve, for example, as (programming) arrays as inputs for the correlation function.
- Such a method preferably for a spring with a monitoring device according to one of the preceding aspects, can have the following steps: detecting at least one vibration behavior of the spring during a calibration; Storage of the vibration behavior as a first input for a correlation function; Detecting at least one oscillation behavior of the spring when the spring or the gate is operated as a second input for a correlation function; Correlating the first input with the second input to determine a measure of the similarity of the two inputs; optionally comparing the degree of similarity with a threshold value to determine or anticipate the failure of the spring.
- the steps of detecting at least one oscillation behavior of the spring when the spring or the gate is operated as a second input for a correlation function; correlating the first input with the second input by an amount of Determine the similarity of the two inputs; and optionally the comparison of the degree of similarity with a threshold value for determining or anticipating the failure of the spring can preferably be carried out repeatedly, while the calibration is preferably a one-time process when the monitoring device is started up.
- an expression such as “A or B”, “at least one of A and / and B” or “one or more of A and / and B” can include all possible combinations of features listed together.
- a term “adapted to” as used in the present disclosure may be replaced by, for example, “suitable for”, “suitable for”, “adapted to”, “made to”, “capable of” or “designed to”, depending on the technical Alternatively, in a certain situation, the expression “device set up to” can mean that the device can work together with another device or component, or can perform a corresponding function.
- Fig. 1 is a view of a system according to the invention with gate 1, drive device 3, gate control device 4, weight compensation device 2, spring 20 and monitoring device 5;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a system according to the invention with gate 1, drive device 3, gate control device 4, monitoring device 5 and EMERGENCY STOP device 6;
- Fig. 3 detailed view of a weight compensation device 2 with three springs 20 and three monitoring devices 5 with two different Torblattstel lungs (left: open position; right: closed position);
- Fig. 4 left detailed view of a spring 20 (helical spring) with a monitoring device 5 provided thereon;
- 5A is a schematic representation of an intact spring 20 with monitoring device 5 in an end position 27 (state of equilibrium);
- FIG. 5B Schematic representation of an intact spring 20 with monitoring device 5 during post-oscillation (upper reversal point);
- 5C shows a schematic representation of a deformed spring 20 with monitoring device 5 during reverberation;
- 5D shows a schematic illustration of a broken spring 20 with monitoring device 5 at a first point in time t1 after the spring break;
- 5E shows a schematic illustration of a broken spring 20 with monitoring device 5 at a second point in time t2 after the spring break, t2> t1;
- FIG. 6A shows a schematic representation of the location x (t) of the monitoring device 5 provided on the spring 20 during a closing process for an intact spring (solid line), for a deformed spring (dotted line) and for a broken spring (dash-dotted line);
- 6B shows a schematic illustration of the speed vt) of the monitoring device 5 seen on the spring 20 during a closing process for an intact spring (solid line), for a deformed spring (dotted line) and for a broken spring (dash-dotted line);
- 6C shows a schematic representation of the acceleration a (t) of the monitoring device 5 seen on the spring 20 during a closing process for an intact spring (solid line), for a deformed spring (dotted line) and for a broken spring (dash-dotted line);
- FIG. 7A a detailed plan view of a monitoring device 5 according to the invention for the spring 20; 7B a detailed side view of the monitoring device 5 according to the invention for the spring 20.
- FIG. 1 shows a view of a system according to the invention with gate 1, spring 20 and
- the door 1 is, for example, a high-speed roller door in which the door leaf 10 is moved at high top speeds, for example at more than 1 m / s, preferably at more than 2 m / s.
- the door leaf 10 of the door is held in lateral guides (not shown) and comprises a plurality of slats 11 articulated to one another, which extend perpendicular to the guides over a door opening.
- the door leaf 10 has a closing element 12, which is provided on the bottom with a rubber seal or the like.
- FIG. 1 shows the door 1, for example, in a completely closed state, in which the door leaf 10 completely covers the door opening.
- the movement of the door leaf 10 between its end positions is brought about by a drive device 3.
- the drive device 3 is controlled by the gate control device 4.
- the drive device 3 has a motor 31, for example a powerful electric motor, which generates the motor power by means of a drive shaft 35 transmits to a lintel-side winding shaft 32 in a manner known per se.
- the drive device 3 can have further mechanical components (not shown), such as, for example, gears, belts or coupling elements.
- the door leaf 10 is connected on the lintel side in a known manner by means of one or more Ver connecting elements 37, for example with a tape, with the winding shaft 32 and can be wound onto the winding shaft 32 by rotating the winding shaft 32 in a winding direction.
- the door leaf can also be unwound from the winding shaft 32 by rotating the winding shaft 32 in an unwinding direction.
- the winding direction is opposite to the unwinding direction.
- the door leaf 10 can assume any position between a fully closed and a fully open position.
- the door 1 also has a weight compensation device 2. This comprises a spring 20, a tension element 21 and a guide device 36 which is attached to the winding shaft 32.
- the spring 20 is a helical spring and is formed, for example, from a sufficiently thick wire or round steel wound in a helical shape.
- the spring 20 is attached to the floor with its bottom end (second end 24).
- the spring 20 is firmly connected to a tension element 21, for example a metallic band, via a fastening element 22.
- the lintel-side end of the tension element 52 is deflected around a deflection roller 25 (visible in FIG.
- the weight compensation device 2 can be set so that, when the door 1 is closed, the spring 20 is stretched to such an extent that an excess torque is present beyond the torque produced by the weight of the door leaf 10.
- the spring 20 has a monitoring device 5 according to the invention, for example in a central area between 30% and 70% of its total length. A detailed view of the monitoring device 5 is shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B and is described in more detail below.
- the monitoring device 5 is set up to detect or anticipate a failure of the spring 20 and is provided on the spring 20 in such a way that it can vibrate with the spring 20 when the spring 20 vibrates, for example while the spring 20 continues to vibrate after a stress.
- a load occurs, for example, during a winding or unwinding process of the door leaf 10, in particular at the beginning or end of the winding or unwinding process, when there is an acceleration or deceleration of the winding movement.
- a torque generated by the motor 31 and transmitted to the winding shaft 32 is transmitted to the spring 20 by the tension element 21, and so in the present exemplary embodiment it can occur when the door leaf 10 is unwound from the winding shaft 32 (winding the tension element 52 onto the winding shaft 32 ) come to an expansion of the spring 20 and possibly (depending on the nature of the tension element 52) when the door leaf 10 is wound onto the winding shaft 32 (unwinding the tension element 52 from the winding shaft 32), the spring 20 is compressed.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a system which comprises a door 1, a spring 20 according to the invention with a monitoring device 5, a door control device 4 and a drive device 3.
- the monitoring device 5 is provided in or on the spring 20, for example fastened thereto.
- the gate control device 4 is further connected to at least one EMERGENCY STOP device 6.
- the EMERGENCY STOP device 6 is used to stop the door leaf 10 in the event of the door leaf 10 falling, for example as a result of a spring break. As will be described in more detail later, this can be detected with the monitoring device 5 according to the invention.
- locking devices can be arranged in or near the guides of the door leaf 10, and when activated by the door control device 4 in the event of a fall, prevent or stop a movement of the door leaf 10.
- the de tail for example, locking bolts or brake shoes could be used for this.
- the EMERGENCY STOP device 6 can also intervene in the drive device 3 of the door 1 and, for example, prevent the rotation of the winding shaft 32 in a suitable manner.
- the drive device 3 and the door control device 4 can be arranged in a stationary manner and adjacent to the door leaf 10.
- the communication between the monitoring device 5, the gate control device 4 and the drive device 3 can take place via the cable 34, as shown in FIG. 1, or wirelessly via radio.
- the monitoring device 5 is designed with a transmitting unit and the gate control device 4 with a receiving unit. If the communication between the monitoring device 5 and the gate control device 4 is bidirectional, represented by arrows a) and b), both the monitoring device 5 and the gate control device 4 are designed as transmitting and receiving units.
- the signal transmission between the first and second transmitting and receiving unit can take place via a bidirectional radio link. For example, the transmission can take place with Bluetooth. After identifying the first or second transmitting and receiving unit via the respective 48-bit address, the data is transmitted via data packets.
- the signal transmission can preferably take place via a unidirectional radio link.
- a unidirectional radio link can be sufficient for certain applications.
- this type of data transmission is energy-saving compared to bidirectional data transmission, since the monitoring device 5 does not use any energy for readiness to receive or to receive data.
- a unidirectional transmission is required for a monitoring signal which, for example, only consists of a single radio signal with identification code and data field (in which a failure or anticipated failure of the spring is positively noted).
- a monitoring signal can be repeated several times (e.g. twice).
- the connection between the gate control device 4 and the drive device 3 can take place both via the cable 34 and wirelessly, for example via radio as shown above.
- the drive device 3 drives the door leaf 10 depending on the commands received.
- the gate control device 4 takes into account the information or operation-relevant parameters, which of these further Devices are received, and controls the drive device 3 in such a way that it opens or closes the door 1 according to the desired operating mode.
- Fig. 3 shows an exemplary weight compensation device 2 in an open position of the door leaf 10 (left) and a closed position of the door leaf 10 (right).
- the terms open position and closed position here do not necessarily denote a completely open position or closed position of the door 1. Rather, the terms are used relatively.
- An open position is characterized in that the door leaf 10 covers a smaller part of the door opening than in a closed position.
- the weight compensation device 2 shown has, for example, three springs 20 and a monitoring device 5 is provided on each spring 20. However, it is also possible to provide the weight compensation device 3 with fewer or more springs 20.
- the number and type of springs 20 is determined by the given loads, i. H. in particular according to the type of door leaf 10, its weight and dimensions.
- the spring 20 is more strongly tensioned in the closed position than in the open position.
- the spring 20 is longer in a closed position than in an open position.
- a location x at which the monitoring device 5 is located is further away from the floor by Ax than in an open position.
- a position of the door leaf 10 can thus be determined by detecting the x on which the monitoring device 5 is located.
- a speed v (t) (hereinafter referred to only briefly as v in the text), an acceleration a (t) and / or a jolt / (t) (hereinafter referred to briefly as a or / in the text) of the monitoring device 5.
- v speed in the text
- a acceleration a (t) and / or a jolt / (t) (hereinafter referred to briefly as a or / in the text) of the monitoring device 5.
- the speed v, the acceleration and the jerk j of the monitoring device 5 is zero. Information about the position of the door leaf can therefore also be obtained from the kinetic variables, speed v, acceleration a and jerk j.
- kinetic energy E Q is still stored in the spring 20 and, as is shown schematically in FIG Spring 20.
- the rebound is on the one hand an additional load on the spring 20 and can lead to spring wear.
- the reverberation receives information about the state of the spring 20 and can thus be used for monitoring the spring.
- the system for example as shown in FIG. 4 (right-hand side), can be viewed as a damped spring-mass-spring system.
- Equation (4) t denotes the time x 0 is the initial, inertia-based deflection from the equilibrium position
- T is the period of the oscillation
- d is the decay constant of the oscillation
- m is the oscillating mass of the system.
- the decay constant describes how the amplitude of the oscillation decreases over time.
- the spring constant C F of the system is calculated from the spring constant C F1 of the first spring Fl and the spring constant C F2 of the second spring 2 as follows:
- G denotes the shear modulus
- d D denotes the wire diameter
- d F denotes the spring diameter
- n F the number of turns.
- Equation 7 m F1 and m F2 denote the mass of the springs F1 and F2, and msensor denotes the mass of the monitoring device 5.
- the jerk j, the acceleration a and the speed v can be calculated according to equation 1.
- a change in a property of the spring 20 can be identified, for example a deformation of the spring 20 (as shown in FIG. 5C) or a spring break (as shown in FIGS. 5D and 5E).
- a deformation of the spring 20 can, for example, cause a property change to the effect that the spring constant C F of the system decreases or the damping constant D of the system increases and this results in a decrease in the oscillation frequency w and / or the oscillation amplitude.
- a change in the properties of the spring 20 to the effect that the spring constant C F increases or the damping constant D decreases can lead to an increase in the oscillation frequency w and / or the oscillation amplitude.
- the above parameters are not the only ones that have an effect on the vibration behavior.
- the preload of the spring 20 and the kinematics of the door leaf movement also have an effect on the vibration behavior.
- Fig. 6A shows a schematic representation of the location x of the monitoring device 5 as a function of time t when closing the door 1 for an intact spring (solid line), for a deformed spring (dotted line) and a broken spring (dash-dotted line) .
- 6B and 6C show the speed v (t) and the acceleration a (t) of the monitoring device 5, respectively.
- the deformation is for example, in such a way that the spring constant C F is reduced and the damping constant D remains the same. Other changes in the spring can also increase the spring constant C F and / or change the damping constant D.
- the vertical dash-dot line 71 indicates the point in time at which the door leaf 10 reaches the floor and the closing process has ended.
- the area to the left of this shows the end phase of a closing process in which the door leaf 10 moves, for example, at a substantially constant speed downwards in the direction of the floor.
- the spring 20 expands and the monitoring device 5 moves upwards (see also FIG. 3). To the right of this the swinging of the spring is illustrated.
- 7 ⁇ and 51 denote the period and decay constant of the oscillation of the intact spring and T 2 and 52 denote the period of the oscillation of the disturbed spring.
- a limit value T s (a failure threshold in the sense of the invention) can be defined, the exceeding of which indicates a fault in the spring.
- an evaluation value e.g. T
- a comparison of this can be made with the corresponding predetermined failure threshold value (e.g.
- T s or a failure threshold value range a failure of the spring 20 he know or anticipate.
- a similar procedure can also take place based on the measured speed v, the measured acceleration a, the measured jerk j, or a combination thereof.
- a limit value for the decay constant 5 S can also be defined.
- a spring break as shown in FIGS. 5D and 5E (it is assumed by way of example that the spring break is above the monitoring device 5) can lead to the location of the monitoring device 5 becoming more pronounced than during post-oscillation an intact spring changes (see. Figures 5 and 6A), because due to the lack of counter force, the monitoring device 5 is pulled towards the ground.
- a position of the monitoring device 5 can change, for example because the spring stump 28 tilts with respect to its longitudinal axis 26, that is, changes its position wink lig to the vertical. Due to the lack of a counterforce, the monitoring device can also be exposed to higher acceleration in the direction of the ground for longer, which in turn can lead to a higher speed.
- a position limit 72, xs, a speed limit value 73, v s, or an acceleration threshold value 74, as, determine, may be based on which a broken spring distinguished from an intact spring.
- These limit values are also failure threshold values within the meaning of the invention.
- FIG. 7A shows a top view of an exemplary monitoring device 5 according to the invention and FIG. 7B shows a side view thereof.
- the monitoring device 5 has: a sensor board 51, on the sensor board 51 a sensor device 52 for detecting at least one physical variable and an evaluation device 53 for evaluating the physical variable.
- the sensor device 52 has at least one sensor for detecting a location x, a position and / or kinetics (e.g. speed v, acceleration a, jerk /) of the monitoring device 5, as well as optionally a signal conditioning unit (not shown).
- the sensor can be, for example, an acceleration sensor, for example a piezoelectric acceleration sensor or a MEMS acceleration sensor, or an acceleration sensor based on magnetic induction.
- the signal conditioning unit can process the electrical signal output by the sensor (for example digital acceleration data), for example filter it, amplify it or convert it into absolute measured values (for example in G). In the case of several physical kinetic parameters detected, the signal conditioning unit can also multiplex the electrical signals.
- the monitoring device 5 can also have a communication device 54 on the sensor board 51 for wireless transmission of the detected physical variable and / or a monitoring signal relating to the result of an evaluation thereof.
- This communication device can be, for example, a radio chip with an integrated or separate antenna.
- the monitoring device 5 can have, for example on an underside of the sensor board 51, an energy supply device 55, for example a battery with a voltage stabilizer, for supplying energy to the sensor device 52 and the evaluation device 53.
- the sensor board 51 can have a memory device 56 for storing a serial number. The serial number can be read from the memory device 56 on request.
- the evaluation device 53 can also have a computing unit.
- the computing unit is used to implement the processes described in FIGS. 6A-C.
- the computing unit can convert the data from an acceleration sensor by integrating it into a speed value relating to the vibration.
- the computing unit can then compare this numerical speed value (an example of an evaluation value) with a predetermined speed limit value or a speed value range. If the predetermined speed limit value is exceeded (or deviates from a speed value range), the processing unit triggers a monitoring signal, which is then transmitted to the gate control device 4 immediately after the speed limit value is exceeded, for example by means of the communication device 54. This can then react appropriately to the failure or the anticipated failure, for example by changing the movement parameters of the door leaf movement.
- the evaluation device 53 can also be set up to read a first serial number, which can be clearly assigned to the spring 20, from the storage device 56 and with a second serial number which can be clearly assigned to the door 1 is to compare and provide a result of the comparison (for example in the form of a control signal) to the gate control device 4, for example to be transmitted by means of the communication device 54, so that it can react appropriately.
- a suitable reaction can be, for example, to output an error signal and / or to switch off the drive device 3 if, as a result of the comparison, there is a discrepancy between the first serial number and the second serial number.
- the monitoring device 5 is preferably adapted to the spring 20 to be monitored in terms of shape and size.
- the diameter of the sensor board 51 can essentially correspond to an average coil diameter of the spring 20 and, in particular in the case of a helical spring, be circular.
- the consumers in the monitoring device 5 are also designed in such a way that a reliable power supply is guaranteed.
- the electronic components in the monitoring device 5 are preferably / optionally designed in such a way that they have a very low power consumption (preferably in the pW range) and are likewise preferably only supplied with current when required.
- Such electronic components for example DC-DC converters or microprocessors, are available, for example, as so-called “ultra low-power” components.
- the door in the system according to the invention with a door which was explained above as a roller door, can also be, for example, a folding door or a folding door.
- a door which was explained above as a roller door
- it includes all gates in which gate leaves experience a defined movement or a predetermined path.
- the monitoring device 5 can be accommodated on any part of the spring 20.
- the monitoring device can also have further assemblies, for example display elements with low energy consumption.
- balancing devices or springs 20 have been provided on the sides of the door opening. This can be of advantage in particular for door leaves with larger widths in order to reduce one-sided loads on the arrangement. However, the equilibrium compensation device can also only be seen on one side.
- the spring 20 was written as a helical spring.
- coil springs it is also possible instead of coil springs to provide other fe derelastic elements such. B. stretchable straps etc.
- the tension element 21 does not have to be designed in the form of a band, but can also be in the form of a chain or the like.
- a dimensionally stable material such as a metal in particular, is preferable.
- the guide devices 36 do not have to be mounted on the winding pallet 32, but can also be mounted on a separate bearing shaft.
- the motor 31 does not drive the winding pallet 32 and / or the separate storage pallet directly, but indirectly via toothed belts, chains, gears, etc.
- a direct drive of these components is preferable.
- the physical quantities were determined based on a swing along the longitudinal direction of the spring.
- an oscillation along a direction deviating from the longitudinal direction of the spring could also be used.
- the evaluation device 53 is provided on the sensor board 51. However, it can also be provided as a separate device and, for example, be in the gate control device 4.
- the door leaf 10 shown in Fig. 1 can move from bottom to top and vice versa.
- the invention also includes goals whose door leaves can move in other directions, for example sideways.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
- Operating, Guiding And Securing Of Roll- Type Closing Members (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP20812270.5A EP4090825A1 (de) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-11-24 | Feder mit einer überwachungsvorrichtung, system mit einem tor und der feder mit der überwachungsvorrichtung, sowie verfahren hierfür |
JP2022540854A JP7431980B2 (ja) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-11-24 | 監視装置、ドアを有するシステム、及び監視装置を備えたばね、並びにその方法 |
CN202080046666.4A CN114051551B (zh) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-11-24 | 具有监控装置的弹簧、包括门和具有监控装置的弹簧的系统及其方法 |
CA3142571A CA3142571C (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-11-24 | Spring with a monitoring device, system with a door and the spring with the monitoring device, and method therefor |
AU2020423009A AU2020423009B2 (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-11-24 | Spring with a monitoring device, system with a door and the spring with the monitoring device, and method for same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102020100932.1A DE102020100932B4 (de) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-01-16 | Feder für ein Hubtor mit einer Überwachungsvorrichtung, System mit einem Tor und der Feder mit der Überwachungsvorrichtung, sowie Verfahren hierfür |
DE102020100932.1 | 2020-01-16 |
Publications (1)
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WO2021144056A1 true WO2021144056A1 (de) | 2021-07-22 |
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PCT/EP2020/083166 WO2021144056A1 (de) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-11-24 | Feder mit einer überwachungsvorrichtung, system mit einem tor und der feder mit der überwachungsvorrichtung, sowie verfahren hierfür |
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EP (1) | EP4090825A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7431980B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN114051551B (de) |
AU (1) | AU2020423009B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3142571C (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020100932B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021144056A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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CN117150685A (zh) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-12-01 | 国合通用(青岛)测试评价有限公司 | 一种紧固螺栓的疲劳寿命评估系统及方法 |
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DE102022119074A1 (de) | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | Feig Electronic Gmbh | Antriebsvorrichtung zum Bewegen einer Verdunkelungs-, Verstell- oder Verschließeinrichtung |
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- 2020-11-24 AU AU2020423009A patent/AU2020423009B2/en active Active
- 2020-11-24 WO PCT/EP2020/083166 patent/WO2021144056A1/de unknown
- 2020-11-24 JP JP2022540854A patent/JP7431980B2/ja active Active
- 2020-11-24 EP EP20812270.5A patent/EP4090825A1/de active Pending
- 2020-11-24 CN CN202080046666.4A patent/CN114051551B/zh active Active
- 2020-11-24 CA CA3142571A patent/CA3142571C/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA3142571C (en) | 2023-05-23 |
JP2023510215A (ja) | 2023-03-13 |
DE102020100932A1 (de) | 2021-07-22 |
AU2020423009B2 (en) | 2023-08-03 |
CA3142571A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
AU2020423009A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
CN114051551B (zh) | 2023-10-13 |
DE102020100932B4 (de) | 2021-12-02 |
CN114051551A (zh) | 2022-02-15 |
EP4090825A1 (de) | 2022-11-23 |
JP7431980B2 (ja) | 2024-02-15 |
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