WO2021143746A1 - 一种非水缓释递药系统 - Google Patents

一种非水缓释递药系统 Download PDF

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WO2021143746A1
WO2021143746A1 PCT/CN2021/071648 CN2021071648W WO2021143746A1 WO 2021143746 A1 WO2021143746 A1 WO 2021143746A1 CN 2021071648 W CN2021071648 W CN 2021071648W WO 2021143746 A1 WO2021143746 A1 WO 2021143746A1
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acid
oil
drug
delivery system
release
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PCT/CN2021/071648
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English (en)
French (fr)
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甘勇
郭仕艳
孙银银
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中国科学院上海药物研究所
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Priority to CN202180008995.4A priority Critical patent/CN115038464A/zh
Priority to US17/792,499 priority patent/US20230054250A1/en
Publication of WO2021143746A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021143746A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
    • A61K31/138—Aryloxyalkylamines, e.g. propranolol, tamoxifen, phenoxybenzamine
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    • A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
    • A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
    • A61K31/167—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide having the nitrogen of a carboxamide group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. lidocaine, paracetamol
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    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/235—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group
    • A61K31/24—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group having an amino or nitro group
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    • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
    • A61K31/5415—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. phenothiazine, chlorpromazine, piroxicam
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    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/28—Steroids, e.g. cholesterol, bile acids or glycyrrhetinic acid
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    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
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    • A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of pharmacy, and mainly relates to a non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system, which can provide an improved sustained-release effect, increase bioavailability, and enhance curative effect.
  • the composition of the present invention can improve the effective bioavailability and drug utilization rate, can reduce the dosage of the drug under the same efficacy, and reduce the toxicity risk caused by the accumulation of ineffective drugs; the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery
  • the system can controllably adjust the in vivo release rate of the active agent, providing beneficial value for the on-demand selection of drug development.
  • the obtained drug delivery system has good in vivo safety, controllable slow-release effect, high bioavailability, and has good application prospects.
  • active agents such as antibiotics, bactericides, corticosteroids, anti-tumor drugs, and local anesthetics, etc.
  • active agents can be applied to the skin or mucous membranes by local application or injection, and then act locally or systemically.
  • Local delivery can be accomplished through the use of ointments, creams, emulsions, solutions, suspensions, and other dosage forms.
  • Injections used to deliver the active agent include solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and the like.
  • these preparations have been widely used, they usually have a short action time and require multiple administrations, which will lead to poor patient compliance, high treatment costs, and may also lead to a large peak-to-valley ratio, which may lead to a series of toxic side effects. Therefore, an injectable drug sustained-release drug delivery system is developed to release the drug slowly, obtain a stable blood concentration, reduce the peak and valley values to reduce toxicity and increase efficiency, and increase the medication compliance of patients, which is in line with clinical needs.
  • dosage forms with a certain sustained release effect including liposomes, microcapsules, microspheres, in-situ gels, nanocrystalline suspensions, etc.
  • the advantage of these preparations is that the active agent can be gradually released over a long period of time. No need to repeat the administration.
  • the representative of liposome preparations on the market is bupivacaine multivesicular liposomes (trade name: Exparel) using Depofoam technology, which can achieve an analgesic effect of about 24 hours, although it has more than traditional preparations.
  • the formulation is complicated and requires the presence of neutral lipids, otherwise unilamellar liposomes or multilamellar liposomes will be formed;
  • the preparation process is complicated and requires two emulsification methods to prepare, which makes industrial production difficult; finally, The stability of the product is poor.
  • the internal and external water phases of the product have poor drug concentration, and the leakage of small molecule drugs is easy to occur. It needs to be stored at low temperature, and the product is a suspension.
  • the vesicles will burst, settle and aggregate during storage. , Is not conducive to storage and transportation, all of which make its development subject to certain restrictions.
  • Microsphere preparations one of the representative varieties is Risperidone sustained-release microsphere injection, the trade name is Risperdal Consta, which was developed by Johnson & Johnson in the United States. It was launched in the United States and Europe in 2003 and entered the Chinese market in 2006. Release for 2 weeks. Luye Pharma has independently developed a sustained-release microsphere intramuscular injection of risperidone (LY3004) for the treatment of schizophrenia. It has completed 3 key phase I clinical trials. It only needs to be injected every 2 weeks and is convenient to use. Although the microspheres have a good sustained-release effect, their preparation process is complicated, the drug loading is low, and the production cost is expensive. The degradation products of lactic acid and glycolic acid will cause the pH value of the injection site to change, thereby triggering adverse reactions at the injection site. Insufficiency limits the application of microspheres in the field of long-acting preparations.
  • the representative in-situ gel preparations on the market are Atridox and Eligard, which use the Atrigel Delivery system, and both use polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) as the sustained-release material.
  • the sustained-release time can be adjusted according to the type of PLGA selected. Such as 7 days, January, March, April, June, etc.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the system uses N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent and the dosage is at least 50% or more, which will cause strong irritation at the injection site and poor patient tolerance.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • preparations are generally pre-filled two-bottled preparations, which need to be mixed by medical staff before use. This operation will cause mixing differences and inaccuracy of injection doses, which will bring inconvenience to clinical use.
  • Nanocrystalline suspension the representative variety is paliperidone palmitate injection, the trade name is Xeplion, developed by Janssen-Cilag International, and it was approved by the European Commission in March 2011 for intramuscular injection once a month. Schizophrenia. This variety is prepared using Elan's unique "nano crystallization technology", and the efficacy lasts for up to 1 month.
  • it is usually necessary to consider the possibility of particle growth during storage and the effect on agglomeration, precipitation, resuspension, and dissolution rate. The development is more challenging.
  • CN108159055A discloses a long-acting drug delivery system for the treatment of breast cancer, which uses fulvestrant as the main drug, uses phospholipids or a mixture of phospholipids and oils as slow-release materials, and ethanol or benzyl alcohol as drug solvents.
  • CN102131483A discloses a controllable drug delivery non-polymeric composition, which is composed of an ionic complex formed by a hydrophobic non-polymeric carrier material, a solvent, a biologically active substance and an amphiphilic molecule, and certain additives such as cephalin and egg can be added Phospholipids and so on.
  • the inventor of the present application has developed a non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system, which can significantly reduce the peak plasma concentration of the drug, has a controllable release rate and an obvious sustained-release effect.
  • the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system of the present invention can improve the bioavailability of the drug, and reduce the dosage of the drug under the same efficacy.
  • the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system of the present invention can improve the effective bioavailability of drugs, avoid the retention of ineffective drugs, reduce toxic reactions caused by drug accumulation, and has high safety and good tolerance. advantage. This has not been reported in this field.
  • the effective therapeutic dose calculation formula is as follows:
  • A is the dosage of the drug (sometimes referred to as the active agent in the present invention)
  • T t is the effective treatment time of the drug in the body, that is, the duration of the drug's efficacy in the body, which can be measured by a drug efficacy experiment.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system with wide application range and high safety.
  • the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system of the present invention can significantly reduce Cmax compared with existing ordinary injections of the same dosage.
  • the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system of the present invention increases the in vivo exposure of the drug, improves the bioavailability, and prolongs the effective treatment time compared with existing conventional sustained-release systems.
  • the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system of the present invention can significantly reduce the dose of the drug, increase the utilization rate of the drug, and reduce the adverse effects caused by the accumulation of the drug under the same duration of efficacy. risk.
  • the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system of the present invention can controllably adjust the release rate of the drug, and the drug effect lasts for at least 12 hours, which can meet different clinical needs.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system.
  • the present invention provides a non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system, which comprises an active agent, a drug solvent, a drug sustained-release agent, a drug solubilizer, a drug effect enhancer, an optional antioxidant, and an optional acid Alkali regulator.
  • the sustained-release drug delivery system of the present invention comprises: based on the total weight of the sustained-release drug delivery system,
  • the active agent in the drug delivery system of the present invention is any compound or mixture of compounds that produces advantageous or useful effects.
  • Suitable active agents include local or systemic pharmaceutically active agents, which can be applied locally or in the injured site (including, for example, applied to damaged skin, cracks, puncture wounds, etc., and applied to surgical incisions) or by injection (Such as subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraocular, or intraarticular injection) to be administered to the patient.
  • the active agent can be a water-soluble molecule, a fat-soluble molecule or an amphiphilic molecule, including but not limited to: anti-cancer drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-infective drugs, analgesics, hormones, anti-diabetics, and anti-diabetics.
  • hypertension drugs anti-AIDS drugs, immune enhancing drugs, antiviral drugs, cardiotonic drugs, anti-obesity drugs, bone metabolism regulators, antiepileptic drugs, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants , Antipsychotics, anti-Parkinson's disease drugs, urinary tract drugs, contraceptives, anti-osteoporosis drugs, anabolic agents, smoking cessation aids and cell adhesion promoters.
  • active agents include, but are not limited to, anti-infective agents (including antibiotics, antiviral agents, fungicides, scabies or pediculicides), preservatives (e.g., benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, dextran Chlorhexidine sugar acid, sulfamethone acetate, methamphetamine, nitrofurazone, sorcresol mercuric, etc.), steroids (e.g., estrogen, progesterone, androgens, adrenal corticosteroids, etc.), Therapeutic peptides (e.g., insulin, erythropoietin, morphogenetic proteins such as bone morphogenetic protein, etc.), analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac, aconitine, etc.) Aconitine, COX-1 inhibitors, COX-2 inhibitors, etc.), cancer
  • the present invention can also be applied to other locally acting active agents, such as astringents, antiperspirants, irritants, redness agents, foaming agents, hardeners, corrosive agents, caustic agents, keratin softeners, sunscreens, and various skin diseases Medicament.
  • active agents such as astringents, antiperspirants, irritants, redness agents, foaming agents, hardeners, corrosive agents, caustic agents, keratin softeners, sunscreens, and various skin diseases Medicament.
  • Prodrugs of active agents are included within the scope of the present invention.
  • the drug solvent in the drug delivery system of the present invention is a single organic solvent or a mixture of multiple organic solvents.
  • the organic solvent may be selected from but not limited to benzyl alcohol, ethanol, glycerin, isopropanol, liquid polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, glyceryl monoacetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, Ethyl lactate, tetrahydrofuran polyethylene glycol ether, benzyl benzoate, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, propylene glycol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propylene glycol diethyl, malonic acid One or more of diethyl, triacetin, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, caprolactam, triethyl citrate, and propylene carbonate.
  • the drug slow-release agent in the drug delivery system of the present invention is one or more of biodegradable polymers and medicinal oils; preferably, one or more of medicinal oils and fats.
  • the biodegradable polymer may be selected from: polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), polyorthoesters, acetic acid-sucrose isobutyrate, fatty acid glycerides, polyethylene Glycol (PEG) PLA/PLGA, PLGA-PEG-PLGA copolymer, triethylene glycol poly(orthoester) polymer, chitosan, water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan, fibroin, poly - ⁇ -hydroxybutyrate valerate, polylactide/lactide-polyethylene glycol copolymer and/or blends thereof, polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol copolymer, poly ⁇ -hydroxybutyrate One or more of ester and polyethylene glycol blends and polylactic acid/glycolic acid blends.
  • PEG polyethylene Glycol
  • PEG-PEG-PLGA copolymer triethylene glycol poly(orthoester)
  • the medicinal oil may be selected from: castor oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil or other natural vegetable oils or semi-natural natural vegetable oils artificially improved Oils (such as hydrogenated castor oil), purified oils and corresponding derivatives; or synthetic oils, mainly including medium chain (carbon chain length of C 6 -C 12 ) triglycerides (for example: caprylic triglyceride, One of capric triglycerides or a mixture of the two), long chain (carbon chain length is C 13 -C 24 ) triglycerides, triacetin or other corresponding derivatives, and one of ethyl oleate Or multiple.
  • medium chain carbon chain length of C 6 -C 12
  • triglycerides for example: caprylic triglyceride, One of capric triglycerides or a mixture of the two
  • long chain carbon chain length is C 13 -C 24
  • the drug sustained release agent is more preferably one or more selected from castor oil, sesame oil, ethyl oleate, soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, and peanut oil, and more preferably selected from castor oil, soybean oil, One or more of sesame oil.
  • the drug solubilizer in the drug delivery system of the present invention is one or more of the pharmaceutical surfactants.
  • the medicinal surfactant may be selected from medicinal phospholipids, polyethylene glycol-15 hydroxystearate, polysorbate, polyoxyethylene castor oil, poloxamer, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester , Phosphatidylcholine (such as DEPC or DOPC or their combination), phosphatidylglycerol (such as DPPG), polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, one or more of gelatin, preferably selected One or more of self-medicinal phospholipids.
  • the pharmaceutical phospholipids may be one or more selected from natural phospholipids, semi-synthetic phospholipids, and synthetic phospholipids.
  • the natural phospholipids include, but are not limited to, egg yolk lecithin, soybean phospholipids, or combinations thereof;
  • the semi-synthetic phospholipids include, but are not limited to, hydrogenated egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenated soybean phospholipids, or combinations thereof;
  • the synthetic phospholipids include, but Not limited to dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine, dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid, dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, distearoylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoyl Phosphatidylcholine or a combination thereof, etc.
  • the medicinal phospholipids in the drug delivery system of the present invention are preferably natural phospholipids, which refer to non-synthetic phosphatidylcholine (PC) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, including but not limited to egg yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin or Its combination and so on.
  • PC non-synthetic phosphatidylcholine
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof including but not limited to egg yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin or Its combination and so on.
  • the drug effect enhancer in the drug delivery system of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolites, substances rich in omega-3 fatty acids or their metabolites, glucocorticoids, and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors One or more of etc.
  • omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolites mainly refer to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites, such as ⁇ -linolenic acid and its metabolites eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid Acrylic acid (DHA).
  • EPA icosapentaenoic acid
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid Acrylic acid
  • the ⁇ -linolenic acid involved is ⁇ -linolenic acid (ALA) derived from plants.
  • the substances rich in omega-3 fatty acids or their metabolites include substances rich in ⁇ -linolenic acid, and substances rich in metabolites of ⁇ -linolenic acid (such as EPA, DHA, etc.).
  • the substance rich in ⁇ -linolenic acid may be vegetable oils such as linseed oil, perilla seed oil, walnut oil, argan oil, or a combination thereof.
  • the substance rich in metabolites of ⁇ -linolenic acid may be fish oil, laver oil, algae oil, or a combination thereof.
  • the substance rich in omega-3 fatty acids or their metabolites is preferably selected from substances rich in omega-3 fatty acids or their metabolites, and the content of eicosapentaenoic acid is not less than 15%. % And the content of docosahexaenoic acid is not less than 10%, more preferably the content of eicosapentaenoic acid selected from substances rich in omega-3 fatty acids or their metabolites.
  • One or more of the substances that are not less than 20% and the content of docosahexaenoic acid is not less than 10% is still more particularly preferably one or more selected from fish oil and laver oil.
  • the glucocorticoids include, but are not limited to, prednisone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, beclomethasone dipropionate, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone or a combination thereof.
  • the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors include, but are not limited to, roflumilast, rolipram, pentoxifylline or a combination thereof.
  • the drug effect enhancer in the drug delivery system of the present invention is preferably a substance rich in omega-3 fatty acids or their metabolites.
  • the antioxidant in the drug delivery system of the present invention is a single antioxidant or a mixture of multiple antioxidants.
  • the antioxidant can be selected from cysteine, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol acetate, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, butylated hydroxyanisole, dibutylhydroxytoluene, and propyl gallate One or more of esters, tert-butyl hydroquinone, lipoic acid, tea polyphenols, L-ascorbyl palmitate, and glutathione; preferably a-tocopherol, L-ascorbyl palmitate One or more of.
  • the acid-base regulator in the drug delivery system of the present invention is selected from arginine, lysine, histidine, glycine, tromethamine, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, One or more of anhydrous citric acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, methanesulfonic acid, methionine, sodium hydroxide, and triethanolamine.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system.
  • the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system of the present invention is not exposed to the water phase at any stage in the preparation process. Except for residual moisture that may be present in the raw materials used to make the composition, the composition does not contain water.
  • the preparation method may be one of the following methods, but is not limited thereto.
  • Method one includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Add active agent dispersion and medicinal effect enhancer to the liquid obtained in step (2), mix uniformly, and filter to obtain.
  • the antioxidants and acid-base regulators can be added in any step of the above process.
  • Method two includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Add the drug slow-release agent and the drug effect enhancer to the liquid obtained in step (2), mix them uniformly, and filter to obtain it.
  • the antioxidants and acid-base regulators can be added in any step of the above process.
  • Method three includes the following steps:
  • the drug effect enhancer and acid-base regulator can be added simultaneously with the active agent, drug solvent, drug sustained-release agent and drug solubilizer in step (1) or added sequentially, or not added, and in step (1) (4) Added in.
  • the above steps (3) and (4) can be performed simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the sequence number of the step is only for distinguishing the added substances, and does not represent the sequence of the steps.
  • the above method may also include the steps of sub-packaging and optional sterilization or sterilization.
  • the sterilization is, for example, filtration sterilization.
  • the sterilization is, for example, moist heat sterilization.
  • the sustained-release drug delivery system provided by the present invention can be used for injection administration, such as subcutaneous, intradermal or intramuscular injection, or direct drip administration at the incision, or incision infiltration administration, or administration at the nerve plexus, or It can be administered by joint cavity injection or intraocular administration, preferably by subcutaneous injection, and it can also be used for other administration forms for external administration.
  • the release duration of the active agent can be at least 12 hours. According to some embodiments, in the drug delivery system, the release duration of the active agent can be at least 24 hours. According to some embodiments, in the drug delivery system, the release duration of the active agent can be at least 48 hours. According to some embodiments, in the drug delivery system, the release duration of the active agent can be at least 72 hours.
  • the composition has a significant advantage over the pain relief time of the composition without the drug effect enhancer and the amount of the drug effect enhancer outside the scope of the present invention.
  • the expected total amount to be taken daily is 1-1000 mg, preferably 5-500 mg, based on the active drug.
  • compositions that has a prescription similar to that of the present invention but does not contain a drug effect enhancer.
  • active agent refers to any compound or mixture of compounds that produces advantageous or useful effects, and can be understood as a drug.
  • the term "effective treatment time” can be understood as the duration of the drug's pharmacological effects, and can be understood as the pharmacological duration.
  • effective therapeutic dose refers to the required drug dose when the unit effective therapeutic time is reached.
  • sustained-release drug delivery system can be understood as a pharmaceutical composition, a drug prescription, a drug prescription, a formula or a drug preparation.
  • bioavailability refers to the speed and degree at which the drug is absorbed into the human circulation.
  • AUC blood drug concentration-time curve
  • effective bioavailability refers to the area under the plasma concentration-time curve that is greater than the minimum effective concentration (MEC).
  • the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system provided by the present invention can provide an improved sustained-release effect, increase bioavailability, and enhance curative effect. Under the same drug effect, it can reduce drug dosage, increase effective bioavailability, and reduce ineffective drug accumulation.
  • the risk of toxic reaction caused; the non-aqueous sustained-release drug delivery system can controllably adjust the in vivo release rate of the active agent, which provides beneficial value for the on-demand selection of drug development.
  • the obtained drug delivery system has good in vivo safety, controllable slow-release effect, high bioavailability, and has good application prospects.
  • the present invention can significantly reduce the peak plasma concentration and improve the safety of clinical medication.
  • the drug delivery system of the present invention has an effective treatment time of more than 12 hours, preferably more than 24 hours, which reduces the number of repeated administrations, increases patient compliance, and reduces treatment costs.
  • the drug delivery system of the present invention can prolong the effective treatment time by at least 25% compared with conventional sustained-release preparations, and increase patient tolerance.
  • the drug delivery system of the present invention can significantly improve the bioavailability and effective bioavailability, reduce the effective therapeutic dose by at least 20%, and can reduce the drug administration dose under the condition of achieving the same efficacy. , Improve the utilization rate of drugs, reduce drug waste, avoid long-term retention of ineffective drugs, and reduce the toxicity risk caused by drug accumulation.
  • the sustained-release drug delivery system of the present invention has a controllable sustained-release time and provides the beneficial value of on-demand selection for drug development.
  • the sustained-release drug delivery system of the present invention has less irritation at the injection site, and shows good biocompatibility and safety.
  • the invention Compared with the studied preparations, the invention has the advantages of good safety, high bioavailability, controllable slow-release effect and high drug utilization rate.
  • Figure 1 shows the in vitro release results of the verapamil composition and its aqueous solution.
  • Figure 2 shows the in vitro release results of the propranolol composition and its aqueous solution.
  • Figure 3 shows the in vitro release results of the vincristine composition and its aqueous solution.
  • Figure 4 shows the results of comparative investigation of the efficacy of placebo, Exparel and bupivacaine hydrochloride pharmaceutical composition (composition 11 and composition 16); compared with the mechanical threshold of each group of animals before administration, ***P ⁇ 0.001, **P ⁇ 0.01, *P ⁇ 0.05; Compared with Exparel's mechanical threshold, ###P ⁇ 0.001, ##P ⁇ 0.01, #P ⁇ 0.05.
  • Figure 5 shows the results of comparative investigation of the efficacy of placebo, comparative example 4 and lidocaine hydrochloride pharmaceutical composition (composition 1); compared with the mechanical threshold of each group of animals before administration, ***P ⁇ 0.001, * *P ⁇ 0.01, *P ⁇ 0.05; Compared with the mechanical threshold of Comparative Example 4, ###P ⁇ 0.001, ##P ⁇ 0.01, #P ⁇ 0.05.
  • Figure 6 shows the results of comparative investigation of the efficacy of placebo, comparative example 7 and procaine pharmaceutical composition (composition 12); compared with the mechanical threshold of each group of animals before administration, ***P ⁇ 0.001, * *P ⁇ 0.01, *P ⁇ 0.05; Compared with the mechanical threshold of Comparative Example 7, ###P ⁇ 0.001, ##P ⁇ 0.01, #P ⁇ 0.05.
  • Figure 7 shows the results of in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) investigations of the bupivacaine hydrochloride pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention (compositions 11 and 16) and Comparative Example 1, Exparel.
  • PK in vivo pharmacokinetics
  • Figure 8 shows the results of in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) investigations of the lidocaine hydrochloride pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention (compositions 1 and 17) and Comparative Examples 2 and 4.
  • PK pharmacokinetics
  • Figure 9 shows the in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) results of the mepivacaine hydrochloride pharmaceutical composition of the present invention (composition 8) and Comparative Examples 3 and 5.
  • Figure 10 shows the histopathological observation results of the injection site of the non-injected group, Comparative Examples 2 and 4, and the lidocaine hydrochloride pharmaceutical composition of the present invention (composition 1).
  • composition 7 Based on the weight percentage of the total weight of the composition, weigh 1% propranolol free base, dissolve it in 18% absolute ethanol, add 50% soy lecithin S100 to it, stir and dissolve at 60°C, add 26% castor oil And 5% fish oil type 3322, stir evenly, the obtained liquid medicine is filtered and packaged, filled with nitrogen, and sealed to obtain composition 7.
  • composition 10 Based on the weight percentage of the total weight of the composition, weigh 2% clopidogrel free base, 23% benzyl alcohol, 10% sesame oil, 63% egg yolk lecithin E80 and 2% perilla seed oil into a pre-weighed round bottom flask , Add an excess of anhydrous ethanol, and ultrasonically dissolve the contents; connect the round-bottom flask to a suitable rotary evaporator, and evaporate under reduced pressure until the weight change of the round-bottom flask indicates that the anhydrous ethanol has been removed. Allow the flask to cool to At room temperature, composition 10 was obtained.
  • composition 11 Based on the weight percentage of the total weight of the composition, accurately weigh 3% bupivacaine hydrochloride and dissolve it in 12% benzyl alcohol. Add 30% egg yolk lecithin E80 to it. After stirring and dissolving at 60°C, add 47% castor oil and 8% fish oil type 3322, stir evenly, the obtained liquid medicine is filtered and packaged, filled with nitrogen, sealed, and then sterilized by moist heat to obtain composition 11.
  • composition 14 Based on the weight percentage of the total weight of the composition, weigh 2% tetracaine free base, 12% benzyl alcohol, 54% castor oil, 27% egg yolk lecithin PC-98T and 5% perilla seed oil to a pre-weighed circle Add an excessive amount of absolute ethanol to the bottom flask, and ultrasonically dissolve the contents; connect the round bottom flask to a suitable rotary evaporator, and evaporate under reduced pressure until the weight change of the round bottom flask indicates that the absolute ethanol has been removed. The medicinal solution is filtered and divided, filled with nitrogen, sealed, and then sterilized by moist heat to obtain composition 14.
  • bupivacaine hydrochloride raw material (calculated as bupivacaine hydrochloride) into a vial, add 20 ml of purified water, vortex and sonicate, dissolve and clarify to obtain a uniform solution, add sodium chloride to adjust the osmotic pressure to Isotonic, that is, bupivacaine hydrochloride injection.
  • lidocaine hydrochloride raw material (according to lidocaine hydrochloride) into a vial, add 10 ml of purified water, vortex and sonicate, dissolve and clarify, add sodium chloride to adjust the osmotic pressure to isotonic, that is, lidocaine hydrochloride Caine injection.
  • mepivacaine hydrochloride raw material (calculated as mepivacaine hydrochloride), 330mg of sodium chloride, 15mg of potassium chloride, and 16.5mg of calcium chloride into a vial, add 50ml of purified water, vortex and sonicate, After dissolving and clarifying, a uniform solution is obtained, that is, mepivacaine hydrochloride injection.
  • Comparative example 4 Lidocaine hydrochloride conventional sustained-release preparation
  • lidocaine hydrochloride 1.0g benzyl alcohol, 2.0g soy lecithin and 6.7g ethyl oleate into a pre-weighed round bottom flask, add an excess of absolute ethanol, and ultrasound to completely dissolve the contents; Connect the round bottom flask to a suitable rotary evaporator and evaporate under reduced pressure until the weight change of the round bottom flask indicates that the absolute ethanol has been removed.
  • the obtained liquid medicine is filtered and divided, filled with nitrogen, sealed, and then sterilized by moist heat to obtain a conventional sustained-release preparation of lidocaine hydrochloride.
  • mepivacaine hydrochloride Based on the weight percentage of the total weight of the composition, weigh 3% mepivacaine hydrochloride, 42% soybean oil, 40% egg yolk lecithin into a pre-weighed round-bottom flask, add excess absolute ethanol, and ultrasonically make the contents Completely dissolve; connect the round-bottomed flask to a suitable rotary evaporator, evaporate under reduced pressure until the weight of the round-bottomed flask has changed, indicating that the anhydrous ethanol has been removed, cool the flask to room temperature, add 15% anhydrous ethanol and mix well, The obtained medicinal solution is filtered and divided, filled with nitrogen, and sealed to obtain a conventional sustained-release preparation of mepivacaine hydrochloride.
  • procaine hydrochloride raw material (according to procaine hydrochloride) into a vial, add 20ml of purified water, vortex and sonicate, dissolve and clarify, add sodium chloride to adjust the osmotic pressure to isotonic to obtain hydrochloric acid Procaine injection.
  • Some drugs are selected as model drugs, and the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the composition in animals are studied.
  • composition of the present invention can reduce the sudden release phenomenon compared with its aqueous solution, and has a certain slow-release advantage.
  • the administered dose refers to the dose calculated according to the amount of hydrochloride of the active ingredient in the preparation (that is, when free base is used, it is converted to hydrochloride).
  • Exparel is a multivesicular liposome of bupivacaine, batch number: 18-4122, manufacturer: Pacira.
  • A is the administered dose of the drug
  • Tt is the effective treatment time of the drug in the body (that is, the duration of the drug effect, as determined by the drug effect experiment).
  • mice Male SD rats, 200-300g, were reared adaptively for 2-4 days, and the basic threshold was measured every day for 3 days.
  • Experimental grouping and dosage randomly grouped according to the basic threshold, 6 animals in each group. Inject 10mg/kg of Comparative Example 1, 30mg/kg composition 11, 20mg/kg composition 11, 30mg/kg composition 16, 30mg/kg Exparel and normal saline placebo to rat foot plantar subcutaneous tissue (administration volume The range is 0.10 ⁇ 0.35ml), and the pain threshold is measured by the von Frey fiber-filament pain meter.
  • Evaluation method Use paired t-test to compare the mechanical leg shrinkage threshold of each group of animals with the pre-dose, and use unpaired t test to compare the mechanical leg shrinkage threshold of each group of animals with Exparel. P ⁇ 0.05 indicates a statistical difference, P ⁇ 0.01 and P ⁇ 0.001 indicate significant statistical differences.
  • the efficacy duration of Comparative Example 1 is 2h
  • the efficacy duration of Exparel that has been marketed in rats is about 24h
  • the composition 11 of the present invention is at the same dose. It can be up to 48h after the dose is reduced
  • the effect duration of composition 11 is 30h
  • the effect duration of composition 16 is 54h. It can be seen that the composition of the present invention is at least prolonged than Exparel at the same dosage. 1 times.
  • composition 11 Compared with the same dose of Exparel, composition 11 has a significant difference in the potency intensity of 24-54h and composition 16 in 24-60h, showing that the composition of the present invention has a significant advantage over the duration of potency of Comparative Examples 8 and 9. .
  • the effective therapeutic dose R is calculated, and the results are shown in Table 3.
  • compositions 16, 19 and 20 are more effective than Comparative Example 8 (without drug effect enhancer) and Comparative Example 9 (containing 18% drug effect enhancer).
  • the duration of efficacy can be extended by at least 60%.
  • Fish oil type 3322 contains eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid at about 33% and about 22%, respectively.
  • Fish oil type 1812 contains eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.
  • the content is about 18% and about 12%, respectively.
  • the content of docosahexaenoic acid in the algae oil is about 35%, without eicosapentaenoic acid.
  • the duration of the drug effect of the compositions 16, 19 and 20 were shortened in turn, indicating that the content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the composition would affect the drug
  • the duration of the effect, and the pharmacodynamic results of two fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are better.
  • compositions 6, 19, and 20 have significant differences in pain thresholds at different time points after 30h or 30h, indicating that the duration of efficacy of the composition of the present invention is greater than that of Comparative Examples 8 and 9.
  • Significant advantages It shows that the drug effect enhancer achieves unexpected effects through a certain mechanism.
  • the effective therapeutic dose of the composition of the present invention is at least 30% lower than that of Comparative Examples 4 and 5, indicating that the composition of the present invention can improve the utilization of drugs.
  • the duration of efficacy of Comparative Example 2 is 3h, and the duration of efficacy of Comparative Example 4 can be maintained to about 24h, while the composition 1 and composition 17 of the present invention are at the same dose. Down can reach 30h and 36h. It can be seen that at the same dose, the composition of the present invention has a duration of at least 25% longer than that of the comparative example. Compared with Comparative Example 4 at the same dose, the efficacy intensity of Composition 1 at 30h and Composition 17 at 24-36h has a significant difference, which shows that the composition of the present invention has a significant advantage over the duration of efficacy of Comparative Example 4.
  • the effective therapeutic dose R is calculated, and the results are shown in Table 6.
  • the efficacy maintenance time of Comparative Example 6 was 2 hours
  • the efficacy duration of Comparative Example 7 was about 54 hours
  • the composition 12 of the present invention could reach 72 hours at the same dose. It can be seen that at the same dose, the composition of the present invention has a duration of at least 30% longer than that of the comparative example.
  • the composition 12 has a significant difference in the efficacy intensity of 60-72 hours, which shows that the composition of the present invention has a significant advantage over the duration of the efficacy of the comparative example 7.
  • the effective therapeutic dose R is calculated, and the results are shown in Table 7.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has a controllable sustained-release time.
  • the duration of efficacy is prolonged by at least 25%, and the effective therapeutic dose R is reduced by at least about 20%. %, it has obvious pharmacodynamic advantages, indicating that the pharmacodynamic enhancer has achieved unexpected effects through a certain mechanism.
  • the administered dose refers to the dose calculated according to the amount of hydrochloride of the active ingredient in the preparation (that is, when free base is used, it is converted to hydrochloride).
  • Exparel is a multivesicular liposome of bupivacaine, batch number: 18-4122, manufacturer: Pacira.
  • the obtained pharmaceutical composition was injected subcutaneously into male SD rats, and blood was taken regularly, and the content of the drug in the plasma was determined by the LC-MS method to investigate the pharmacokinetics in the body.
  • mice male SD rats, 200 ⁇ 300g, source: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
  • mice were randomly divided into groups according to the following table, 6 in each group;
  • PK pharmacokinetic
  • AUC C>MEC is the effective bioavailability
  • compositions 11 and 16 are at least 80% lower than that of Comparative Example 1; compared with Exparel, the bioavailability and effective bioavailability of compositions 11 and 16 are significantly improved.
  • the pharmacokinetic study was carried out according to the method of in-vivo pharmacokinetic investigation (1) of the drug combination.
  • PK pharmacokinetic
  • PK parameters Comparative example 2 Comparative example 4 Composition 1 Composition 17 C max (ng/ml) 292.18 ⁇ 43.04 197.32 ⁇ 30.21 214.56 ⁇ 30.21 236.67 ⁇ 12.06 AUC(h*ng/ml) 1294.78 ⁇ 101.23 2727.89 ⁇ 156.92 3490.60 ⁇ 273.45*** 3974.48 ⁇ 28.86*** AUC C>MEC (h*ng/ml) / 2108.64 ⁇ 102.12 3225.01 ⁇ 154.62*** 3817.01 ⁇ 11.65***
  • AUC C>MEC is the effective bioavailability
  • the pharmacokinetic study was carried out according to the method of in-vivo pharmacokinetic investigation (1) of the drug combination.
  • PK pharmacokinetic
  • AUC C>MEC is the effective bioavailability
  • composition 11 compared with comparative example 2 composition 1 compared with comparative example 2, and composition 8 compared with comparative example 3 can reduce C max by at least 70% and improve safety; and the sustained-release preparations or conventional sustained-release preparations that have been marketed Compared with the release formulation, the bioavailability and effective bioavailability of the composition of the present invention are significantly improved, can reduce the residence time of the drug in the body in the form of an ineffective concentration, and reduce the risk of adverse reactions caused by drug accumulation.
  • Figure 10 shows that when the composition or comparative example is injected into the body, a certain degree of irritation will be produced, which is an immune response of the body.
  • a certain degree of irritation will be produced, which is an immune response of the body.
  • inflammatory cell infiltration occurred, and the irritation reaction was more serious.
  • the irritation phenomenon of the composition 1 group was significantly reduced, indicating that the drug delivery system of the present invention has better local tolerance than conventional sustained-release preparations.
  • the injection site of the rats of the composition group 1 showed no obvious abnormal phenomenon by naked eyes, reflecting the good safety of the composition of the present invention.
  • the drug delivery system of the present invention can significantly reduce C max compared with ordinary injections of the same dose, and improve drug safety; at the same dose, the duration of drug effect is extended by at least 25% compared with conventional sustained-release preparations. %, has obvious advantages in efficacy.
  • the effective therapeutic dose R per unit effective treatment time can be reduced by at least about 20%.
  • the bioavailability and effective bioavailability of the composition of the present invention are significantly improved, which can prevent the drug from staying in the body for a long time in the form of ineffective concentration and reduce the drug The risk of accumulation.
  • the invention has the advantages of good safety, high bioavailability, controllable slow-release effect, and high drug utilization rate.

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Abstract

一种非水缓释递药系统，其包含：基于缓释递药系统的总重，约0.1％至20％的活性剂，约0.5％至50％的药物溶剂；约1％至98％的药物缓释剂；约0.1％至85％的药物增溶剂；约0.1％至10％的药效增强剂；约0％至1％的抗氧剂；约0％至8％的酸碱调节剂。该非水缓释递药系统能提供改善的缓释效果，提高生物利用度，增强疗效。

Description

一种非水缓释递药系统 技术领域
本发明属于药学领域，主要涉及一种非水缓释递药系统，其能提供改善的缓释效果，提高生物利用度，增强疗效。与常规缓释制剂相比，本发明组合物能提高有效生物利用度和药物利用率，相同药效下可降低药物用量，降低无效药物蓄积引起的毒性风险；所述的非水缓释递药系统能可控调节活性剂的体内释放速率，为药物开发的按需选择提供有益的价值。所得的递药系统体内安全性良好、缓释效果可控、生物利用度高，具有良好的应用前景。
背景技术
许多活性剂(如抗生素、杀菌剂、皮质类激素、抗肿瘤药及局部麻醉药等)可通过局部应用或注射施加至皮肤或粘膜，进而作用于局部或全身。可以通过使用软膏剂、乳膏剂、乳剂、溶液、混悬剂等剂型完成局部递送。用于递送活性剂的注射剂包括溶液、混悬剂和乳剂等。这些制剂虽已广泛运用，但通常作用时间短，需多次给药，会导致患者顺应性差，治疗费用高，还可能导致较大的峰谷比值，进而产生一系列毒副作用。因此，开发一种可注射的药物缓释给药系统，使药物缓慢地释放，得到平稳的血药浓度，降低峰谷值以减毒增效，增加患者的用药依从性，符合临床需求。
近年来，已发展的具有一定缓释效果的剂型包括脂质体、微囊体、微球、原位凝胶、纳米晶混悬液等，这些制剂的优点是活性剂能够长时间逐步释放，无需重复给药。
目前，上市的脂质体制剂的代表为采用Depofoam技术的布比卡因多囊脂质体(商品名：Exparel)，其能实现24小时左右的镇痛作用，虽相比于传统制剂具有更好的应用优势，但仍有不足之处。首先，其处方复杂，需要中性脂质的存在，否则会形成单室脂质体或多室脂质体；其次，制备过程复杂，需通过2次乳化法制备，工业化生产难度大；最后，其稳定性差，该产品内外水相存在药物浓度差，易出现小分子药物的渗漏现象，需低温贮存，且本产品为混悬液，贮存过程中会出现囊泡的破裂及沉降和聚集现象，不利于贮存和运输，这些均使其发展受到一定限制。
微球制剂，代表性品种之一为利培酮缓释微球注射液，商品名为Risperdal Consta，由美国强生公司研发，2003年，在美国和欧洲相继上市，2006年进入中国市场，可缓释2周。绿叶制药自行研发用于治疗精神分裂症的利培酮缓释微球肌肉注射制剂(LY3004)，已完成3项关键性的I期临床试验，仅需每2周注射一次，使用方便。尽管微球具有良好的缓释作用，但其制备工艺较复杂、载药量低、生产成本昂贵、降解产物乳酸和羟基乙酸会引起注射部位pH值的变化，从而引发注射部位的不良反应，这些不足限制了微球在长效制剂领域的应用。
上市的原位凝胶制剂，代表性制剂为Atridox和Eligard，采用Atrigel Delivery system，均利用聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为缓释材料，缓释时间可根据选用PLGA的型号进行调节，如7天、1月、3月、4月、6月等。虽然该系统具有较可控的缓释作用，但 其以N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂，且用量至少均在50％以上，会造成注射部位较强的刺激性，患者耐受性差，另外，此类制剂一般是预填充的两瓶装制剂，临床上需医护人员混合均匀后再使用，这种操作会导致混合的差异性及注射剂量的不准确性，给临床使用带来不便。
纳米晶混悬液，代表性品种为棕榈酸帕潘立酮注射液，商品名为Xeplion，由Janssen-Cilag国际公司开发，于2011年3月经欧盟委员会批准用于每月1次肌肉注射治疗精神分裂症。该品种采用Elan公司特有的“纳米结晶技术”制备，药效持续时间可达1月。但在开发纳米混悬液时，通常需要考虑贮存时颗粒生长的可能性和对结块、沉淀、再混悬和溶解速率的影响，开发的挑战性较大。
CN108159055A公开了一种治疗乳腺癌的长效递药系统，以氟维司群为主药，采用磷脂或由磷脂和油组成的混合物为缓释材料，乙醇或苯甲醇等为药物溶剂。CN102131483A公开了一种可控的给药非聚合组合物，由疏水的非聚合载体材料、溶剂、生物活性物质和两亲性分子形成的离子复合物组成，可加入一定的添加剂如脑磷脂和卵磷脂等。上述研究虽具有一定的缓释作用，但均存在药物有效利用度较低的缺点。
以上系统虽均具有一定的运用价值，但它们均存在生产过程复杂、药物有效利用度较低、成本较高、安全风险大、患者耐受性差等缺点。
因此，开发一种制备简单、成本低廉、药物有效利用度高、安全性好且患者耐受性良好的缓释递药系统至关重要。
发明内容
基于上述需求，本申请发明人开发了一种非水缓释递药系统，能显著降低药物的血浆峰浓度，具有可控的释放速率和明显的缓释效果。此外，在一些实施方式中，本发明的非水缓释递药系统能提高药物的生物利用度、降低相同药效下的药物使用剂量。在一些实施方式中，本发明的非水缓释递药系统能提高药物的有效生物利用度，避免无效药物的滞留，降低药物蓄积带来的毒性反应，具有安全性高、耐受性好的优点。这在本领域中未见报道。
在本发明中，有效治疗剂量的计算公式如下，
R＝A/T t
其中A为药物(本发明中有时称为活性剂)的使用剂量，T t为药物在体内的有效治疗时间，即药物在体内的药效持续时间，可通过药效实验测得。R值越小表明达到相同药效持续时间所消耗的药物剂量越小，即同等剂量下的药物的有效治疗时间越长。
本发明的一个目的是克服现有技术存在的缺陷，提供一种适用范围广、安全性高的非水缓释递药系统。在一些实施方式中，本发明的非水缓释递药系统较同剂量已有的普通注射液可显著降低C max。在一些实施方式中，本发明的非水缓释递药系统较已有常规缓释系统增加了药物的体内暴露量，提高生物利用度，延长有效治疗时间。在一些实施方式中，本发明的非水缓释递药系统在同等药效持续时间下，较已有常规缓释制剂可显著降低药物剂量，提高药物利用率，降低药物蓄积带来的不良反应风险。在实施方式中，本发明的非水缓释递药系统能可控地调节药物的释放速率，药效持续时间至少可达12h，能满足不同的临床需求。
本发明的另一个目的是提供所述非水缓释递药系统的制备方法。
一方面，本发明提供了一种非水缓释递药系统，其包含活性剂、药物溶剂、药物缓释剂、药物增溶剂、药效增强剂、非必需的抗氧剂及非必需的酸碱调节剂。
优选地，本发明的缓释递药系统包含：基于缓释递药系统的总重，
0.1％至20％，优选0.5％至15％，更优选1％至10％的活性剂；
0.5％至50％，优选2％至40％，更优选5％至35％的药物溶剂；
1％至98％，优选5％至90％的，更优选10％至82％的药物缓释剂；
1％至85％，优选5％至80％，更优选10％至65％的药物增溶剂；
0.1％至10％，优选1％至10％，更优选2％至8％的药效增强剂；
0％至1％，优选0％至0.5％，更优选0％至0.3％的抗氧剂；
0％至8％，优选0％至5％，更优选0％至2％的酸碱调节剂。
本发明所述递药系统中的活性剂为产生有利或有用效果的任何化合物或化合物的混合物。合适的活性剂包括局部或全身作用的药用活性剂，其可以通过局部或损伤部位内应用(包括，例如，应用于损伤皮肤、裂口、穿刺伤口等，以及应用于手术切口内)或通过注射(如皮下、皮内、肌肉内、眼内、或关节内注射)来施加给患者。
活性剂可以是水溶性分子、脂溶性分子或两亲性分子，包括但不限于：抗癌药类、抗炎药类、抗感染药类、止痛药类、激素类、抗糖尿病药类、抗高血压药类、抗艾滋病药类、免疫增强药类、抗病毒药类、强心药类、抗肥胖药类、骨代谢调节剂类、抗癫痫药类、抗惊厥药类、抗抑郁药类、抗精神病药类、抗帕金森病药类、尿路药类、避孕药类、抗骨质疏松药类、蛋白同化制剂类、戒烟助剂类以及细胞附着促进剂类。
这些活性剂的实例包括但不限于抗感染剂(包括抗生素、抗病毒剂、杀真菌剂、灭疥螨剂或灭虱剂)、防腐剂(如，苯扎氯胺、苄索氯铵、葡糖糖酸氯己定、醋酸磺胺米隆、甲苄索氯胺、呋喃西林、肖甲酚汞等)、类固醇(如，雌激素类、孕激素、雄激素类、肾上腺皮质固醇类等)、治疗性多肽(如，胰岛素、红细胞生成素、形态发生蛋白如骨形态生成蛋白等)、止痛剂和消炎剂(如，阿司匹林、布洛芬、萘普生、酮咯酸、高乌甲素、草乌甲素、COX-1抑制剂、COX-2抑制剂等)、癌化学治疗剂(如，氮芥、环磷酰胺、氟脲嘧啶、硫鸟嘌呤、卡莫司汀、洛美司汀、美法兰、苯丁酸氮芥、链佐星、甲氨蝶呤、长春新碱、博来霉素、长春碱、长春地辛、更生霉素、柔红霉素、多索鲁比辛、他莫昔芬、氟维司群等)、麻醉药品(如，吗啡，哌替啶、可待因等)、局部麻醉药(如，酰胺或酯类局部麻醉药，如布比卡因、地布卡因、甲哌卡因、普鲁卡因、利多卡因、丁卡因、罗哌卡因等)、止吐剂(如昂丹司琼、格拉司琼、托烷司琼、胃复安、多潘立酮、东莨菪碱等)、抗血管形成剂(如考布他汀、抗VEGF等)、心血管类药物(如氯吡格雷)、抗组胺药物(如苯海拉明、扑尔敏、异丙嗪等)、降压药物(如氢氧噻嗪、阿米洛利、呋塞米、可乐定、利美尼定、利血平、普萘洛尔、卡托普利、培哚普利、氯沙坦、坎地沙坦、雷米克林、硝苯地平、左旋氨氯地平、地尔硫卓、维拉帕米、阿替洛尔、索他洛尔、美托洛尔)、降脂药物(如辛伐他汀、洛伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀、非诺贝特、苯扎贝特、依折麦布等)、神经系统药物(如尼莫地平、卡马西平、氟西汀等)、胆碱酯酶抑制剂(如多奈哌齐、石杉碱甲等)、多糖、疫苗、抗原、DNA和其他多核苷酸、反义寡核苷酸等。本发明还可应用于其他局部作用活性剂，如收敛剂、止汗剂、刺激剂、发赤剂、发泡剂、 硬化剂、腐蚀剂、苛性药、角质软化剂、遮光剂以及各种皮肤病药剂。活性剂的前药包括在本发明的范围内。
本发明所述递药系统中的药物溶剂为单一有机溶剂或多种有机溶剂的混合物。所述有机溶剂可以为选自但不限于苯甲醇、乙醇、甘油、异丙醇、液态聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇单甲醚、单乙酸甘油酯、二乙二醇单乙基醚、乳酸乙酯、四氢呋喃聚乙二醇醚、苯甲酸苄酯、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮、丙二醇、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇二乙酯、丙二酸二乙酯、三乙酸甘油酯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、己内酰胺、柠檬酸三乙酯、碳酸丙烯酯中的一种或多种。
本发明所述递药系统中的药物缓释剂为可生物降解聚合物、药用油脂中的一种或多种；优选为选自药用油脂中的一种或多种。
具体地，可生物降解聚合物可为选自：聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)、聚原酸酯类、醋酸-异丁酸蔗糖酯、脂肪酸甘油酯、聚乙二醇(PEG)化的PLA/PLGA、PLGA-PEG-PLGA共聚物、三乙二醇聚(原酸酯)聚合物、壳聚糖、水溶性羧甲基壳聚糖、丝心蛋白、聚-β-羟基丁酸戊酸酯、聚丙交酯/丙交酯-聚乙二醇共聚物和/或其共混物、聚己内酯-聚乙二醇共聚物、聚β-羟基丁酸酯与聚乙二醇共混物和聚乳酸/羟乙酸共混物中的一种或多种。
具体地，药用油脂可为选自：蓖麻油、芝麻油、大豆油、葵花籽油、花生油、玉米油、菜籽油、橄榄油、棉籽油或其他天然植物油或者天然植物油经人工改进的半天然油脂(如：氢化蓖麻油)、油脂纯化物及相应衍生物；或人工合成油脂，主要包括中链(碳链长度为C 6-C 12)甘油三酸酯(例：辛酸甘油三酸酯、癸酸甘油三酸酯之一或二者混合物)、长链(碳链长度为C 13-C 24)甘油三酸酯、三乙酸甘油酯或其他相应衍生物、油酸乙酯中的一种或多种。
其中，药物缓释剂较优选为选自蓖麻油、芝麻油、油酸乙酯、大豆油、中链甘油三酯、花生油中的一种或多种，更优选为选自蓖麻油、大豆油、芝麻油中的一种或多种。
本发明所述递药系统中的药物增溶剂为药用表面活性剂中的一种或多种。具体地，药用表面活性剂可为选自药用磷脂、聚乙二醇-15羟基硬脂酸酯、聚山梨醇酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、泊洛沙姆、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、磷脂酰胆碱(如DEPC或DOPC或它们的组合物)、磷脂酰甘油(如DPPG)、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇单甲醚、明胶中的一种或多种，优选为选自药用磷脂中的一种或多种。具体地，药用磷脂可为选自：天然磷脂、半合成磷脂、合成磷脂中一种或多种。所述天然磷脂，包括但不限于蛋黄卵磷脂、大豆磷脂或其组合等；所述半合成磷脂，包括但不限于氢化蛋黄卵磷脂、氢化大豆磷脂或其组合等；所述合成磷脂，包括但不限于二棕酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二棕酰磷脂酸、二棕酰磷脂酰甘油、二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二棕酰磷脂酰胆碱、二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱或其组合等。本发明所述递药系统中的药用磷脂优选为天然磷脂，是指非合成的磷脂酰胆碱(PC)及其药学上可接受的盐，包括但不限于蛋黄卵磷脂、大豆卵磷脂或其组合等。
本发明所述递药系统中的药效增强剂为选自ω-3脂肪酸及其代谢产物、富含ω-3脂肪酸或其代谢产物的物质、糖皮质激素、磷酸二酯酶-4抑制剂等中的一种或多种。
所述的ω-3脂肪酸及其代谢产物，主要指ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸及其代谢产物，如α-亚麻酸及其代谢产物二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。所涉及的α-亚麻酸 为来源于植物的α-亚麻酸(ALA)。
所述富含ω-3脂肪酸或其代谢产物的物质包括富含α-亚麻酸的物质，富含α-亚麻酸代谢产物(例如EPA、DHA等)的物质。所述富含α-亚麻酸的物质可以为亚麻籽油、紫苏籽油、核桃油、阿甘油等植物油或其组合。富含α-亚麻酸代谢产物的物质可以为鱼油、紫菜油、藻油或其组合等。
在一些实施方式中，所述的富含ω-3脂肪酸或其代谢产物的物质，优选为选自富含ω-3脂肪酸或其代谢产物的物质中的二十碳五烯酸含量不小于15％且二十二碳六烯酸含量不小于10％的物质中的一种或多种，更优选为选自富含ω-3脂肪酸或其代谢产物的物质中的二十碳五烯酸含量不小于20％且二十二碳六烯酸含量不小于10％的物质中的一种或多种，还更特别优选为选自鱼油和紫菜油中的一种或多种。
所述的糖皮质激素包括但不限于泼尼松、甲泼尼松、倍他米松、丙酸倍氯米松、泼尼松龙、氢化可的松、地塞米松或其组合。
所述的磷酸二酯酶-4抑制剂包括但不限于罗氟司特、咯利普兰、己酮可可碱或其组合等。
本发明所述递药系统中的药效增强剂优选为富含ω-3脂肪酸或其代谢产物的物质。
本发明所述递药系统中的抗氧剂为单一抗氧剂或多种抗氧剂的混合物。所述抗氧剂可选自半胱氨酸、a-生育酚、a-生育酚醋酸酯、N-乙酰基-L-半胱氨酸、丁羟基茴香醚、二丁羟基甲苯、没食子酸丙酯、叔丁基对苯二酚、硫辛酸、茶多酚、L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、谷胱甘肽中的一种或多种；优选为a-生育酚、L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯中的一种或多种。
本发明所述递药系统中的酸碱调节剂为选自精氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸、氨丁三醇、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、葡甲胺、盐酸、乙酸、无水枸橼酸、抗坏血酸、乳酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸、蛋氨酸、氢氧化钠、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种。
另一方面，本发明提供了所述非水缓释递药系统的制备方法。在本发明的所述非水缓释递药系统的制备过程中的任一阶段未暴露于水相。除了可能存在于用于制造所述组合物的原料中的残留水分外，所述组合物不含水。
在实施方式中，所述制备方法可以为以下方法之一，但是不限于此。
方法一，包括以下步骤：
(1)将活性剂加入药物溶剂，使活性剂分散得到活性剂分散体；
(2)将药物增溶剂与药物缓释剂混合均匀；
(3)在步骤(2)所得液体中加入活性剂分散体与药效增强剂，混合均匀，过滤，即得。
非必需地，所述的抗氧剂和酸碱调节剂可在以上过程中任一步骤加入。
方法二，包括以下步骤：
(1)将活性剂加入药物溶剂，使活性剂均匀分散得到活性剂分散体；
(2)将药物增溶剂加入(1)步骤所得活性剂分散体中混合均匀；
(3)在步骤(2)所得液体中加入药物缓释剂与药效增强剂，混合均匀，过滤，即得。
非必需地，所述的抗氧剂和酸碱调节剂可在以上过程中任一步骤加入。
方法三，包括如下步骤：
(1)将活性剂、药物缓释剂、药物增溶剂共同分散于过量的挥发性有机溶剂(例如，甲醇、乙醇)中，非必需地加入药物溶剂、药效增强剂、抗氧剂和酸碱调节剂，混合均匀得到分散体；
(2)通过例如蒸发和/或真空泵干燥去除过量的挥发性有机溶剂；
(3)如果需要，补加药物溶剂至处方比例；
(4)如果需要，加入处方量的药效增强剂和酸碱调节剂，混匀，过滤，即得。
在上述方法三中，药效增强剂、酸碱调节剂可以在步骤(1)中与活性剂、药物溶剂、药物缓释剂和药物增溶剂同时加入或者先后加入，或者不加入，而在步骤(4)中加入。上述步骤(3)和(4)可以同时或者先后进行，该步骤序号仅是为了区分加入物质，不代表步骤进行的先后。
根据实际需要，在上述方法中还可以包括分装以及非必需的除菌或灭菌的步骤。所述除菌例如是过滤除菌。所述灭菌例如是湿热灭菌。
本发明提供的缓释递药系统可用于注射给药，如皮下或皮内或肌肉注射给药、或在切口直接滴入给药、或切口浸润给药、或在神经丛处给药、或通过关节腔注射、或通过眼内给药，优选皮下注射给药，也可用于外用给药的其他给药形式。
根据一些实施方式，所述递药系统，活性剂的释放持续时间至少可达12h。根据一些实施方式，所述递药系统，活性剂的释放持续时间至少可达24h。根据一些实施方式，所述递药系统，活性剂的释放持续时间至少可达48h。根据一些实施方式，所述递药系统，活性剂的释放持续时间至少可达72h。
在一些实施方式中，所述组合物较未加药效增强剂和本发明范围外药效增强剂用量的组合物疼痛缓解时间具有显著优势。
本发明提供的缓释递药系统，每天需要服用的预期总量按活性药物计为1～1000mg，优选5～500mg。
术语解释
术语“常规缓释制剂”，可理解为和本发明有类似处方但不含药效增强剂的组合物。
术语“活性剂”，为产生有利或有用效果的任何化合物或化合物的混合物，可理解为药物。
术语“有效治疗时间”，可理解为药物可发挥药效作用的持续时间，可理解为药效持续时间。
术语“有效治疗剂量”，是指达到单位有效治疗时间时，所需的药物剂量。
术语“缓释递药系统”，可理解为药物组合物、药物处方、药物组方、配方或药物制剂。
术语“生物利用度”，是指药物被吸收进入人体循环的速度与程度，本发明中是以血药浓度一时间曲线下面积(AUC)进行比较。
术语“有效生物利用度”，是指大于最低有效浓度(MEC)的血药浓度-时间曲线下面积。
本发明提供的非水缓释递药系统，其能提供改善的缓释效果，提高生物利用度，增强疗效，相同药效下可降低药物剂量，并能提高有效生物利用度，降低无效药物蓄积引起的毒性反应风险；所述的非水缓释递药系统能可控调节活性剂的体内释放速率，为药物开发 的按需选择提供有益的价值。所得的递药系统体内安全性良好、缓释效果可控、生物利用度高，具有良好的应用前景。
本发明提供的非水缓释递药系统，具有如下优点：
1.本发明与同剂量的普通注射液相比，可显著降低血浆峰浓度，提高临床用药的安全性。
2.本发明的递药系统，有效治疗时间可达12h以上，优选可达24h以上，减少了重复给药次数，增加了患者的顺应性，降低了治疗成本。
3.相同剂量下，本发明的递药系统较常规缓释制剂可延长至少25％有效治疗时间，增加患者耐受性。
4.和常规缓释制剂相比，本发明的递药系统可显著提高生物利用度和有效生物利用度，降低至少20％有效治疗剂量，在达到相同药效情况下，可降低药物给药剂量，提高药物利用率，减少药物浪费，同时避免无效药物的长时间滞留，降低药物蓄积带来的毒性风险。
5.本发明的缓释递药系统，具有可控的缓释时间，为药物的开发提供了按需选择的有益价值。
6.本发明的缓释递药系统和常规缓释制剂相比，注射部位的刺激性小，显示出良好的生物相容性和安全性。
本发明与已研究的制剂相比，具有安全性好、生物利用度高、缓释效果可控、药物利用率高的优点。
附图说明
图1显示维拉帕米组合物和其水溶液的体外释放结果。
图2显示普萘洛尔组合物和其水溶液的体外释放结果。
图3显示长春新碱组合物和其水溶液的体外释放结果。
图4显示安慰剂、Exparel和盐酸布比卡因药物组合物(组合物11和组合物16)的药效对比考察结果；与每组动物给药前的机械阈值相比，***P＜0.001，**P＜0.01，*P＜0.05；与Exparel的机械阈值相比，###P＜0.001，##P＜0.01，#P＜0.05。
图5显示安慰剂、对比例4和盐酸利多卡因药物组合物(组合物1)的药效对比考察结果；与每组动物给药前的机械阈值相比，***P＜0.001，**P＜0.01，*P＜0.05；与对比例4的机械阈值相比，###P＜0.001，##P＜0.01，#P＜0.05。
图6显示安慰剂、对比例7和普鲁卡因药物组合物(组合物12)的药效对比考察结果；与每组动物给药前的机械阈值相比，***P＜0.001，**P＜0.01，*P＜0.05；与对比例7的机械阈值相比，###P＜0.001，##P＜0.01，#P＜0.05。
图7显示本发明的盐酸布比卡因药物组合物(组合物11和16)和对比例1、Exparel的体内药代(PK)考察结果。
图8显示本发明的盐酸利多卡因药物组合物(组合物1和17)和对比例2、4的体内药代(PK)考察结果。
图9显示本发明的盐酸甲哌卡因药物组合物(组合物8)和对比例3、5的体内药代(PK)考察结果。
图10显示未注射组、对比例2和4和本发明的盐酸利多卡因药物组合物(组合物1)的注射部位的组织病理学观察结果。
具体实施方式
通过下列制备实施例和实验实施例进一步对本发明组方、制备方法、用途进行说明，但不作为对本发明的限制。下面参照实施例进一步详细阐述本发明，但本领域技术人员应当理解，本发明并不限于这些实施例以及使用的制备方法。而且，本领域技术人员根据本发明的描述可以对本发明进行等同替换、组合、改良或修饰，但这些都将包括在本发明的范围内。
制备实施例
实施例1
精密称取300mg盐酸利多卡因、1.0g苯甲醇、2.0g大豆卵磷脂S100和6.2g油酸乙酯至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽。使烧瓶冷却至室温，加入0.5g鱼油3322型并混匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到组合物1。
实施例2
精密称取200mg盐酸维拉帕米、1.0g蛋黄卵磷脂E80、8.1g大豆油和0.2g亚麻籽油至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，使烧瓶冷却至室温，加入0.5g无水乙醇并混匀，得到组合物2。
实施例3
精密称取500mg异丙嗪游离碱、2.0g苯甲醇、2.5g蛋黄卵磷脂E80和4.0g蓖麻油至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，使烧瓶冷却至室温，加入1.0g鱼油3322型并混匀，得到组合物3。
实施例4
精密称取600mg石杉碱甲游离碱、6.0g苯甲醇、6.0g蛋黄卵磷脂E80和16.5g油酸乙酯至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽。使烧瓶冷却至室温，加入0.9g紫苏籽油并混匀，得到组合物4。
实施例5
精密称取0.6g氟维司群游离碱，溶于2.0g苯甲醇和1.5g苯甲酸苄酯中，得到药物溶液；称取1.0g聚乙二醇-15羟基硬脂酸酯至4.5g大豆油中，搅拌，得到澄明的溶液，加入药物溶液，边加边搅拌，再加入0.4g亚麻籽油，搅拌均匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮， 密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到组合物5。
实施例6
精密称取300mg盐酸多奈哌齐，溶于1.2g苯甲醇和1.8g二乙二醇单乙醚的混合液体中，得药物溶液；称取1.0g聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油加入至5.2g蓖麻油中，搅拌至均匀，加入药物溶液，搅拌均匀，加入0.5g鱼油3322型，混匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到组合物6。
实施例7
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取1％普萘洛尔游离碱，溶于18％无水乙醇中，将50％大豆卵磷脂S100加入其中，60℃搅拌溶解后，加入26％蓖麻油和5％鱼油3322型，搅拌均匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，得到组合物7。
实施例8
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取3％盐酸甲哌卡因、40％大豆油、40％蛋黄卵磷脂PC-98T和2％地塞米松至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，使烧瓶冷却至室温，加入15％无水乙醇并混匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，得到组合物8。
实施例9
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取1％长春新碱游离碱、15％苯甲醇、31％中链甘油三酯、45％蛋黄卵磷脂E80和8％鱼油3322型至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，使烧瓶冷却至室温，得到组合物9。
实施例10
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取2％氯吡格雷游离碱、23％苯甲醇、10％芝麻油、63％蛋黄卵磷脂E80和2％紫苏籽油至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，使烧瓶冷却至室温，得到组合物10。
实施例11
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，精密称取3％盐酸布比卡因，溶于12％苯甲醇中，将30％蛋黄卵磷脂E80加入其中，60℃搅拌溶解后，加入47％蓖麻油和8％鱼油3322型，搅拌均匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到组合物11。
实施例12
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，精密称取5％普鲁卡因游离碱溶于25％苯甲醇中，得到药物溶液；称取50％蛋黄卵磷脂PC-98T至16％中链甘油三酯，60℃搅拌溶解，加入药物溶液，搅拌，再加入4％紫苏籽油，搅拌至均匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，即得组合物12。
实施例13
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取3％辛伐他汀游离碱、8％苯甲酸苄酯、10％苯甲醇、53％大豆油、20％蛋黄卵磷脂E80和6％鱼油3322型至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，使烧瓶冷却至室温，得到组合物13。
实施例14
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取2％丁卡因游离碱、12％苯甲醇、54％蓖麻油、27％蛋黄卵磷脂PC-98T和5％紫苏籽油至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到组合物14。
实施例15
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取4％尼莫地平游离碱、40％芝麻油、34％蛋黄卵磷脂E80和7％亚麻籽油至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的甲醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明甲醇已被除尽，使烧瓶冷却至室温，补加15％无水乙醇并混匀，得到组合物15。
实施例16
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取3％盐酸布比卡因、20％丙二醇、31.7％蓖麻油、40％大豆卵磷脂S100和0.3％葡甲胺至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，加入5％鱼油3322型，搅拌均匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到组合物16。
实施例17
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取3％盐酸利多卡因、0.1％a-生育酚、0.1％抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯溶于10％苯甲醇和5％丙二醇的混合溶剂中，再加入35％大豆卵磷脂S100，搅拌溶解后，加入40.8％蓖麻油和5％鱼油3322型，搅拌均匀，再加入1％乙二胺混匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到组合物17。
实施例18
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取3％盐酸甲哌卡因、20％丙二醇、33.92％蓖麻油、0.08％a-生育酚、38％大豆卵磷脂S100和4％亚麻籽油至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，加入1％二乙醇胺搅拌混匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到组合物18。
实施例19
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取3％盐酸布比卡因、20％丙二醇、31.7％蓖麻油、40％大豆卵磷脂S100和0.3％葡甲胺至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声 使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，加入5％鱼油1812型，搅拌均匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到组合物19。
实施例20
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取3％盐酸布比卡因、20％丙二醇、31.7％蓖麻油、40％大豆卵磷脂S100和0.3％葡甲胺至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，加入5％藻油，搅拌均匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到组合物20。
对比例1：盐酸布比卡因注射液
称取150mg盐酸布比卡因原料药(按照盐酸布比卡因计)至西林瓶中，加入20ml纯化水，涡旋并超声，溶解澄清后得到均一的溶液，加入氯化钠调节渗透压至等渗，即为盐酸布比卡因注射液。
对比例2：盐酸利多卡因注射液
称取200mg盐酸利多卡因原料药(按照盐酸利多卡因计)至西林瓶中，加入10ml纯化水，涡旋并超声，溶解澄清后加入氯化钠调节渗透压至等渗，即为盐酸利多卡因注射液。
对比例3：盐酸甲哌卡因注射液
称取500mg盐酸甲哌卡因原料药(按照盐酸甲哌卡因计)、330mg氯化钠、15mg氯化钾、16.5mg氯化钙至西林瓶中，加入50ml纯化水，涡旋并超声，溶解澄清后得到均一的溶液，即盐酸甲哌卡因注射液。
对比例4：盐酸利多卡因常规缓释制剂
精密称取300mg盐酸利多卡因、1.0g苯甲醇、2.0g大豆卵磷脂和6.7g油酸乙酯至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽。所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到盐酸利多卡因的常规缓释制剂。
对比例5：盐酸甲哌卡因常规缓释制剂
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取3％盐酸甲哌卡因、42％大豆油、40％蛋黄卵磷脂至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，使烧瓶冷却至室温，加入15％无水乙醇并混匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，即得盐酸甲哌卡因的常规缓释制剂。
对比例6：盐酸普鲁卡因注射液
称取200mg盐酸普鲁卡因原料药(按照盐酸普鲁卡因计)至西林瓶中，加入20ml纯化水，涡旋并超声，溶解澄清后加入氯化钠调节渗透压至等渗，得到盐酸普鲁卡因注射液。
对比例7：普鲁卡因常规缓释制剂
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，精密称取5％普鲁卡因游离碱溶于25％苯甲醇中，得到药物溶液；称取50％蛋黄卵磷脂至20％中链甘油三酯，60℃搅拌溶解，加入药物溶液，搅拌至均匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，即得普鲁卡因常规缓释制剂。
对比例8：盐酸布比卡因常规缓释制剂
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取3％盐酸布比卡因、20％丙二醇、36.7％蓖麻油、40％大豆卵磷脂S100和0.3％葡甲胺至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到对比例8。
对比例9：盐酸布比卡因缓释制剂
基于组合物总重的重量百分比，称取3％盐酸布比卡因、20％丙二醇、18.7％蓖麻油、40％大豆卵磷脂S100和0.3％葡甲胺至预称重的圆底烧瓶中，加入过量的无水乙醇，超声使内容物完全溶解；将圆底烧瓶接到合适的旋转蒸发器上，减压蒸发至圆底烧瓶重量变化表明无水乙醇已被除尽，加入18％鱼油3322型，搅拌均匀，所得药液过滤分装，充氮，密封，然后湿热灭菌，得到对比例9。
实验例
实验例1
稳定性考察
将本发明药物组合物放置加速条件(温度(40±2)℃，相对湿度(75±5)％)和长期条件(温度(25±2)℃，相对湿度(60±5)％)，观察其外观，判断其稳定性情况。结果见表1。
表1.组合物的稳定性考察结果
Figure PCTCN2021071648-appb-000001
结果显示，所制备的组合物在加速条件和长期条件放置6个月，均呈现澄清透明的现象，说明其放置稳定性良好。
选择部分药物为模型药，对组合物在动物体内的药效学和药物代谢动力学进行研究。
实验例2
体外释放曲线考察
分别取组合物和其对应的水溶液(见表2)置于透析袋中，浸没于适量磷酸盐缓冲液 (PBS)中，温度保持在37℃，于不同的时间点取释放液1ml，并迅速补充PBS溶液1ml，直至释放完全。以时间为横坐标，累计释放率为纵坐标，绘制累积释放曲线。结果见图1～3。
表2.体外释放的组合物信息
Figure PCTCN2021071648-appb-000002
结果可见，本发明组合物释放80％至少需72h，而其对应的水溶液基本在2h左右即可释放80％以上，突释较明显。显示出本发明的组合物相对其水溶液，能够降低突释现象，具有一定缓释优势。
实验例3
在下面的实验描述中，给药剂量均是指按照制剂中的活性成分的盐酸盐的量(即，在使用游离碱的情况下，折算为盐酸盐)计算的剂量。Exparel为布比卡因多囊脂质体，批号：18-4122，厂家：Pacira。
以下实验按照下式计算有效治疗剂量R：
R＝A/T t
其中，A为药物的给药剂量，Tt为药物在体内的有效治疗时间(即药效持续时间，通过药效实验测定)。
药物组合物的体内药效考察(1)
实验动物：雄性SD大鼠，200-300g，适应性饲养2-4天，并在3天里每天测定基础阈值。
实验分组与给药剂量：依照基础阈值随机分组，每组6只。分别注射10mg/kg对比例1、30mg/kg组合物11、20mg/kg组合物11、30mg/kg组合物16、30mg/kg Exparel和生理盐水安慰剂至大鼠足跖皮下组织(给药体积范围为0.10～0.35ml)，采用von Frey纤维丝测痛仪测定疼痛阈值。
评价方法：使用配对t检验将每组动物的机械缩腿阈值与给药前比较，采用非配对t检验将每组动物的机械缩腿阈值与Exparel比较，P＜0.05表示具有统计学差异，P＜0.01及P＜0.001表示具有显著统计学差异。
实验结果见图4。
和各组给药前的机械阈值相比，对比例1的药效持续时间为2h，已上市的Exparel在大鼠体内的药效持续时间为24h左右，而本发明的组合物11在同剂量下可达48h，降低剂量后的组合物11药效持续时间为30h，组合物16的药效持续时间为54h，可见，同剂量下，本发明的组合物较Exparel的药效持续时间至少延长了1倍。和同剂量的Exparel相比，组合物11在24～54h及组合物16在24～60h的药效强度具有显著差异，显示本发 明组合物较对比例8和9的药效持续时间具有显著优势。
计算有效治疗剂量R，结果见表3。
表3.组合物和对比例的有效治疗剂量计算结果
组合物 R
对比例1 5.0
组合物11(30mg/kg) 0.63
组合物11(20mg/kg) 0.67
组合物16(30mg/kg) 0.56
Exparel 1.25
结果可见，本发明的组合物11、16与Exparel、对比例1相比，有效治疗剂量R降低了至少40％，提高了药物利用率。
药物组合物的体内药效考察(2)
按照药物组合物体内药效考察(1)的过程，分别考察30mg/kg对比例8、对比例9、组合物16、组合物19和组合物20在大鼠体内的药效情况，实验结果见表4。
表4.组合物的机械疼痛阈值结果
时间/h 对比例8 对比例9 组合物16 组合物19 组合物20
给药前 12±3 13±3 13±3 13±3 13±3
3 240±66*** 240±66*** 220±62*** 280±49*** 247±86**
6 173±73** 173±73** 187±64** 153±41*** 167±33***
24 80±22*** 73±21** 87±21*** 80±22*** 80±22***
30 36±19** 36±19* 73±21**##&& 73±21**##&& 49±18**
36 13±3 13±3 49±18**###&&& 54±14**###&&& 36±19*#&
48 15±6 13±3 49±18**##&&& 43±19*##&& 24±4**#&&&
54 15±6 12±3 32±14*#&& 24±4**#&&& 13±3
60 13±3 13±3 22±6*##&& 14±2 13±3
72 14±2 13±3 14±2 12±3 13±3
备注：
*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001v.s.给药前阈值；
#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001v.s.对比例8；
&p<0.05,&&p<0.01,&&&p<0.001v.s.对比例9。
结果显示，对比例8、9和组合物16、19、20在大鼠体内的药效维持时间分别为30h、30h、60h、54h和48h。可见，在相同剂量下，组合物16、19和20(均含有5％药效增强剂)较对比例8(不含药效增强剂)及对比例9(含18％药效增强剂)的药效持续时间可至少延长60％。鱼油3322型中包含二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的含量分别为约33％和约22％，鱼油1812型中包含二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的含量分别为约18％和约12％，藻油中的二十二碳六烯酸的含量为约35％，不含二十碳五烯酸。在含有相同比例的药效增强剂下，组合物16、19和20的药效持续时间依次缩短，说明组合物中的二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的含量会影响药效持续时间，同时含有二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸两种脂肪酸的药效学结果更优。
另外，和对比例8及9相比，组合物6、19、20在30h或30h以后不同时间点的疼痛阈值具有显著差异，表明本发明的组合物药效持续时间较对比例8、9具有显著优势。表明药效增强剂通过一定的机制达到了预料不到的效果。
根据组合物的药效持续时间，计算各组合物的有效治疗剂量，结果见表5。
表5.药物的有效治疗剂量计算结果
参数 对比例8 对比例9 组合物16 组合物19 组合物20
R 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.56 0.63
可见，本发明的组合物的有效治疗剂量较对比例4和5至少降低了30％，说明本发明组合物可提高药物利用率。
药物组合物的体内药效考察(3)
按照药物组合物体内药效考察(1)的过程，分别考察10mg/kg对比例2、30mg/kg对比例4、30mg/kg组合物1、30mg/kg组合物17在大鼠体内的药效。实验结果见图5。
和各组给药前的机械阈值相比，对比例2的药效持续时间为3h，对比例4药效持续时间能维持至24h左右，而本发明的组合物1和组合物17在同剂量下可达30h和36h。可见，同剂量下，本发明的组合物较对比例的药效持续时间至少延长了25％。和同剂量的对比例4相比，组合物1在30h及组合物17在24～36h的药效强度具有显著差异，显示本发明组合物较对比例4的药效持续时间具有显著优势。
计算有效治疗剂量R，结果见表6。
表6.组合物和对比例的有效治疗剂量计算结果
组合物 R
对比例2 3.3
对比例4 1.25
组合物1 1.0
组合物17 0.83
结果可见，本发明的组合物1、17和对比例2、4相比，有效治疗剂量R降低了至少约20％，提高了药物利用率。
药物组合物的体内药效考察(4)
按照药物组合物体内药效考察(1)的过程，分别考察20mg/kg对比例6、60mg/kg对比例7、60mg/kg组合物12在大鼠体内的药效情况。实验结果见图6。
和各组给药前的机械阈值相比，对比例6的药效维持时间为2h，对比例7的药效持续时间为54h左右，而本发明的组合物12在同剂量下可达72h。可见，同剂量下，本发明的组合物较对比例的药效持续时间至少延长了30％。和同剂量的对比例7相比，组合物12在60～72h的药效强度具有显著差异，显示本发明组合物较对比例7的药效持续时间具有显著优势。
计算有效治疗剂量R，结果见表7。
表7.组合物和对比例的有效治疗剂量计算结果
组合物 R
对比例6 10
对比例7 1.11
组合物12 0.83
结果可见，本发明的组合物12和对比例6、7相比，有效治疗剂量R降低了至少约25％，提高了药物利用率。
综上可见，本发明的药物组合物具有可控的缓释时间，在同剂量下，相比于常规缓释制剂的药效持续时间延长了至少25％，有效治疗剂量R降低了至少约20％，具有明显的药效优势，表明药效增强剂通过一定的机制达到了预料不到的效果。
实验例4
在下面的实验描述中，给药剂量均是指按照制剂中的活性成分的盐酸盐的量(即，在使用游离碱的情况下，折算为盐酸盐)计算的剂量。Exparel为布比卡因多囊脂质体，批号：18-4122，厂家：Pacira。
药物组合物的体内药代动力学考察(1)
将所得的药物组合物，皮下注射至雄性SD大鼠，定时取血，采用LC-MS法测定血浆中药物的含量，考察体内的药代动力学情况。
实验动物：雄性SD大鼠，200～300g，来源：中国科学院上海药物研究所；
实验分组：将大鼠按照下表随机分组，每组6只；
给药制剂与剂量见表8。
表8.组合物的给药剂量信息
组合物 剂量/mg/kg
对比例1 10
组合物11 30
Exparel 30
组合物16 30
计算组合物的药代动力学(PK)参数，采用t检验对结果进行统计分析，实验结果见表9和图7。
表9.组合物的PK参数
PK参数 对比例1 Exparel 组合物11 组合物16
C max(ng/ml) 668.13±44.63 68.02±14.01 294.42±29.49 317.00±12.12
AUC(h*ng/ml) 2125.27±55.81 1758.31±202.26 6005.23±201.69*** 6452.08±177.50***
AUC C＞MEC(h*ng/ml) / 1123.96±92.31 5663.61±209.84*** 6158.83±165.68***
备注：AUC C＞MEC为有效生物利用度；
备注：*p<0.05**p<0.01***P＜0.001v.s.Exparel；
结果显示，组合物11和16较对比例1的C max降低了至少80％；和Exparel相比，组合物11和16的生物利用度及有效生物利用度均显著提高。
药物组合物的体内药代动力学考察(2)
按照药物组合物体内药代动力学考察(1)的方式进行药代动力学研究。
给药制剂与剂量见表10。
表10.组合物的给药剂量信息
Figure PCTCN2021071648-appb-000003
计算组合物的药代动力学(PK)参数，采用t检验对结果进行统计分析，实验结果见表11和图8。
表11.药物组合物的PK参数
PK参数 对比例2 对比例4 组合物1 组合物17
C max(ng/ml) 292.18±43.04 197.32±30.21 214.56±30.21 236.67±12.06
AUC(h*ng/ml) 1294.78±101.23 2727.89±156.92 3490.60±273.45*** 3974.48±28.86***
AUC C＞MEC(h*ng/ml) / 2108.64±102.12 3225.01±154.62*** 3817.01±11.65***
备注：AUC C＞MEC为有效生物利用度；
备注：*p<0.05**p<0.01***P＜0.001v.s.对比例4；
结果显示，组合物1和17较对比例2的C max降低了至少70％；和对比例4相比，组合物1和17的生物利用度及有效生物利用度均有显著提高。
药物组合物的体内药代动力学考察(3)
按照药物组合物体内药代动力学考察(1)的方式进行药代动力学研究。
给药制剂与剂量见表12。
表12.组合物的给药剂量信息
Figure PCTCN2021071648-appb-000004
计算组合物的药代动力学(PK)参数，采用t检验对结果进行统计分析，实验结果见表13和图9。
表13.药物组合物的PK参数
PK参数 对比例3 对比例5 组合物8
C max(ng/ml) 359.38±39.02 155.09±23.12 126.23±11.44
AUC(h*ng/ml) 1474.87±103.76 3101.36±239.87 3880.72±221.09***
AUC C＞MEC(h*ng/ml) / 2667.81±123.76 3826.65±145.73***
备注：AUC C＞MEC为有效生物利用度；
备注：*p<0.05**p<0.01***P＜0.001v.s.对比例5；
结果显示，组合物8较对比例3的C max降低了88％，和对比例5相比，组合物8的生物利用度和有效生物利用度显著提高。
图7～9结果显示，对比例在达到有效治疗时间后，药物以低浓度形式在体内滞留较长时间，而本发明的组合物相比对比例的常规缓释制剂，不仅能延长有效治疗时间，且能降低药物以无效浓度形式在体内的滞留时间，降低药物蓄积引起的毒性反应。
结论：组合物11相对于对比例1，组合物1相对于对比例2，组合物8相对于对比例3至少能降低70％C max，提高安全性；和已上市的缓释制剂或常规缓释制剂相比，本发明的组合物的生物利用度和有效生物利用度显著提高，能降低药物以无效浓度形式在体内的滞留时间，降低药物蓄积引起不良反应的风险。
实验例5
药物组合物的局部刺激性考察
为进一步考察本发明的非水缓释递药系统对注射部位的刺激性，皮下注射10mg/kg对比例2、30mg/kg对比例4和30mg/kg组合物1至大鼠，并于48h取注射部位组织进行形态学观察。结果见图10。
图10显示：注射组合物或对比例至体内时，均会产生一定程度的刺激性反应，这是一种机体免疫反应。对比例4组中出现了炎症细胞浸润现象，刺激性反应较严重。而组合物1组的刺激性反应现象明显减少，说明本发明的递药系统相比常规的缓释制剂，具有更好的局部耐受性。且组合物1组的大鼠注射部位肉眼观察无明显异常现象，反映了本发明组合物具有良好的安全性。
综上所述，本发明的递药系统较同剂量的普通注射液能显著降低C max，提高用药安全性；在同剂量下，相比于常规缓释制剂的药效持续时间延长了至少25％，具有明显的药效优势。单位有效治疗时间下的有效治疗剂量R至少可降低约20％。和已上市的缓释制剂或常规缓释制剂相比，本发明的组合物的生物利用度和在有效生物利用度均显著提高，能够避免药物以无效浓度形式在体内的长时间滞留，降低药物蓄积带来的风险。本发明与已研究的制剂相比，具有安全性好、生物利用度高、缓释效果可控、药物利用率高的优点。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种非水缓释递药系统，其特征在于，包含：活性剂、药物溶剂、药物缓释剂、药物增溶剂和药效增强剂，其中，
    所述药物溶剂为选自苯甲醇、乙醇、甘油、异丙醇、液态聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇单甲醚、单乙酸甘油酯、二乙二醇单乙基醚、乳酸乙酯、四氢呋喃聚乙二醇醚、苯甲酸苄酯、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮、丙二醇、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇二乙酯、丙二酸二乙酯、三乙酸甘油酯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、己内酰胺、柠檬酸三乙酯、碳酸丙烯酯中的一种或多种；
    所述药物缓释剂为可生物降解聚合物、药用油脂中的一种或多种；
    所述药物增溶剂为药用表面活性剂中的一种或多种；和/或
    所述药效增强剂为选自ω-3脂肪酸及其代谢产物、富含ω-3脂肪酸或其代谢产物的物质、糖皮质激素、磷酸二酯酶-4抑制剂中的一种或多种。
    所述抗氧剂为选自半胱氨酸、a-生育酚、a-生育酚醋酸酯、N-乙酰基-L-半胱氨酸、丁羟基茴香醚、二丁羟基甲苯、没食子酸丙酯、叔丁基对苯二酚、硫辛酸、茶多酚、L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、谷胱甘肽中的一种或多种；
    所述酸碱调节剂为选自精氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸、氨丁三醇、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、葡甲胺、盐酸、乙酸、无水枸橼酸、抗坏血酸、乳酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸、蛋氨酸、氢氧化钠、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的非水缓释递药系统，其特征在于，包含：基于缓释递药系统的总重，以重量百分比计，
    0.1％至20％，优选0.5％至15％，更优选1％至10％的活性剂；
    0.5％至50％，优选2％至40％，更优选5％至35％的药物溶剂；
    1％至98％，优选5％至90％的，更优选10％至82％的药物缓释剂；
    1％至85％，优选5％至80％，更优选10％至65％的药物增溶剂；
    0.1％至10％，优选1％至10％，更优选2％至8％的药效增强剂；
    0％至1％，优选0％至0.5％，更优选0％至0.3％的抗氧剂；
    0％至8％，优选0％至5％，更优选0％至2％的酸碱调节剂。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的非水缓释递药系统，其特征在于，所述活性剂包括：抗癌药类、抗炎药类、抗感染药类、止痛药类、激素类、抗糖尿病药类、抗高血压药类、抗艾滋病药类、免疫增强药类、抗病毒药类、强心药类、抗肥胖药类、骨代谢调节剂类、抗癫痫药类、抗惊厥药类、抗抑郁药类、抗精神病药类、抗帕金森病药类、尿路药类、避孕药类、抗骨质疏松药类、蛋白同化制剂类、戒烟助剂类以及细胞附着促进剂类。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的非水缓释递药系统，其中，
    所述药物缓释剂为选自药用油脂中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的非水缓释递药系统，其中，
    所述可生物降解聚合物为选自：聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)、聚原酸酯类、醋酸-异丁酸蔗糖酯、脂肪酸甘油酯、聚乙二醇(PEG)化的PLA/PLGA、 PLGA-PEG-PLGA共聚物、三乙二醇聚(原酸酯)聚合物、壳聚糖、水溶性羧甲基壳聚糖、丝心蛋白、聚-β-羟基丁酸戊酸酯、聚丙交酯/丙交酯-聚乙二醇共聚物、聚丙交酯/丙交酯-聚乙二醇共混物、聚己内酯-聚乙二醇共聚物、聚β-羟基丁酸酯与聚乙二醇共混物和聚乳酸/羟乙酸共混物中的一种或多种；
    所述药用油脂为选自：蓖麻油、芝麻油、大豆油、葵花籽油、花生油、玉米油、菜籽油、橄榄油、棉籽油或其他天然植物油或者天然植物油经人工改进的半天然油脂、油脂纯化物及相应衍生物；或人工合成油脂，包括碳链长度为C 6-C 12的中链甘油三酸酯、碳链长度为C 13-C 24的长链甘油三酸酯、三乙酸甘油酯或其他相应衍生物、油酸乙酯的一种或多种；
    所述药用表面活性剂为选自药用磷脂、聚乙二醇-15羟基硬脂酸酯、聚山梨醇酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、泊洛沙姆、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰甘油、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇单甲醚、明胶中的一种或多种，
    所述的ω-3脂肪酸及其代谢产物包括ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸及其代谢产物；
    所述富含ω-3脂肪酸或其代谢产物的物质包括富含α-亚麻酸的物质，富含α-亚麻酸代谢产物的物质；
    所述糖皮质激素包括泼尼松、甲泼尼松、倍他米松、丙酸倍氯米松、泼尼松龙、氢化可的松、地塞米松或其组合；和/或
    所述磷酸二酯酶-4抑制剂包括罗氟司特、咯利普兰、己酮可可碱或其组合。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的非水缓释递药系统，其中，
    所述药物缓释剂为选自蓖麻油、芝麻油、油酸乙酯、大豆油、中链甘油三酯、花生油中的一种或多种，优选为选自蓖麻油、大豆油、芝麻油中的一种或多种；
    所述药用表面活性剂为选自药用磷脂中的一种或多种；特别地，药用磷脂为选自：天然磷脂、半合成磷脂、合成磷脂中一种或多种；特别地，所述天然磷脂包括蛋黄卵磷脂、大豆磷脂及其组合；所述半合成磷脂包括氢化蛋黄卵磷脂、氢化大豆磷脂或其组合；所述合成磷脂包括二棕酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二棕酰磷脂酸、二棕酰磷脂酰甘油、二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二棕酰磷脂酰胆碱、二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱或其组合；
    所述ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸包括α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)或其组合；特别地，所述α-亚麻酸为来源于植物的α-亚麻酸(ALA)；
    所述富含α-亚麻酸的物质为亚麻籽油、紫苏籽油、核桃油、阿甘油或其组合；
    所述富含α-亚麻酸代谢产物的物质为鱼油、紫菜油、藻油或其组合。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的非水缓释递药系统，其中，所述富含ω-3脂肪酸或其代谢产物的物质为选自富含ω-3脂肪酸或其代谢产物的物质中的二十碳五烯酸含量不小于15％且二十二碳六烯酸含量不小于10％的物质中的一种或多种，优选为选自富含ω-3脂肪酸或其代谢产物物质中的二十碳五烯酸含量不小于20％且二十二碳六烯酸含量不小于10％的物质中的一种或多种，特别优选为选自鱼油和紫菜油中的一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的非水缓释递药系统，其用于注射给药，如皮下或皮内或肌肉注射给药、或在切口直接滴入给药、或切口浸润给药、或在神经丛处给药、 或通过关节腔注射、或通过眼内给药，优选皮下注射给药，或者用于外用给药的其他给药形式。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的非水缓释递药系统，其中，所述递药系统的活性剂的释放持续时间至少12h、至少24h、至少48h或至少72h。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的非水缓释递药系统，其中，所述缓释递药系统，每天需要服用的预期总量按活性药物计为1～1000mg，优选5～500mg。
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