WO2021143349A1 - Gravity-compressed air energy storage system and working method therefor - Google Patents

Gravity-compressed air energy storage system and working method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021143349A1
WO2021143349A1 PCT/CN2020/130202 CN2020130202W WO2021143349A1 WO 2021143349 A1 WO2021143349 A1 WO 2021143349A1 CN 2020130202 W CN2020130202 W CN 2020130202W WO 2021143349 A1 WO2021143349 A1 WO 2021143349A1
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Prior art keywords
air
energy
energy storage
compressed air
pipeline
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PCT/CN2020/130202
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
文军
徐若晨
裴杰
卢吉
曹曦
刘明义
朱勇
曹传钊
朱连峻
郑建涛
李晴
徐越
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中国华能集团有限公司
中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
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Priority to DE212020000589.3U priority Critical patent/DE212020000589U1/en
Publication of WO2021143349A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021143349A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G3/00—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/12—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having two or more accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
    • F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G3/00—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors
    • F03G3/087—Gravity or weight motors
    • F03G3/094—Gravity or weight motors specially adapted for potential energy power storage stations; combinations of gravity or weight motors with electric motors or generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and specifically relates to a gravity compressed air energy storage system and a working method thereof.
  • Energy storage technology can be used to solve the problem of low conventional power load rate, low grid utilization, intermittent and volatility of renewable energy, large load volatility and low reliability of distributed regional functional systems, Some power plants have low peak-shaving capabilities, so as to ensure the stability of the power grid, increase the utilization ratio of new energy, and play the role of peak-shaving and frequency-shaving, and peak-shaving and valley-filling.
  • Large-scale energy storage technologies mainly include pumped water storage, compressed air energy storage and gravity energy storage.
  • gravity energy storage when energy is stored, electric power is used to transfer heavy objects such as rocks to a high place, and electrical energy is converted into gravitational potential energy of the rocks; when the energy is released, the heavy objects such as rocks are then transferred. Put it from a high place to a low place, drive the generator to generate electricity, and convert the gravitational potential energy into electrical energy again.
  • system modularity large-scale energy storage can be realized
  • high energy storage efficiency 80%-90%)
  • short response time long running time (30-50 years)
  • low construction cost and flexible layout.
  • the principle of compressed air energy storage is mainly that when the electricity is surplus, the energy storage system consumes electricity to compress the air and store it in the air storage chamber, so that the electricity can be converted into compressed air; when the electricity is short, the stored air is released The high-pressure air in the chamber then enters the combustion chamber and is heated by fuel combustion to drive the turbine to generate electricity.
  • Its main advantages are: large installed capacity (above 100MW), low construction and operating costs, long operating time (30-50 years), unlimited energy storage cycles, and high energy density.
  • the main disadvantage is that it needs to rely on large underground gas storage caves, and the efficiency of traditional compressed air energy storage technology is slightly lower.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a gravity compressed air energy storage system and its working method, which combine the two energy storage methods, and have both high energy density and gravity of compressed air energy storage.
  • the advantages of flexible energy storage arrangement can ensure the stability of the power grid, and play the role of peak and frequency modulation, peak shaving and valley filling.
  • the invention discloses a gravity compressed air energy storage system, which includes an air compression unit, an air expansion unit, an air storage chamber, a weight and a generator;
  • the inlet of the air compression unit is connected with an air inlet device, the outlet of the air compression unit is connected with the inlet of the air storage chamber through an energy storage pipeline, the outlet of the air storage chamber is connected with the inlet of the air expansion unit through an energy release pipeline, and the outlet of the air expansion unit is connected with a generator;
  • the weight is arranged on the upper part of the air storage chamber and forms a piston-cylinder system with the air storage chamber, and a sealing device is arranged between the weight and the air storage chamber.
  • the heat exchange unit includes a heat storage device and a heat exchange device
  • the energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline are both provided with a heat storage device
  • a number of heat exchange devices are arranged between the heat storage devices.
  • a waste heat utilization heat exchanger is provided on the energy storage pipeline.
  • the sealing device is a piston sealing ring.
  • the weight is a cylinder and the material is concrete or lead.
  • the air compression unit includes several stages of air compressors; the air expansion unit includes several stages of expanders.
  • the discharge pipeline is provided with a flow detection device, a pressure detection device and a regulating valve, and the flow detection device, the pressure detection device and the regulating valve are respectively connected to the control unit of the gravity compressed air energy storage system.
  • the gas storage chamber is perpendicular to the horizontal plane in the vertical direction.
  • the present invention discloses a working method of the above gravity compressed air energy storage system, including:
  • the air When storing energy, close the energy release pipeline and open the energy storage pipeline.
  • the air enters the air compression unit through the air intake device and becomes compressed air.
  • the generated heat is stored in the heat exchange unit.
  • the compressed air enters the air storage chamber through the energy storage pipeline.
  • the volume of the air chamber increases, and the weight is lifted by the constant pressure of the compressed air, which converts electrical energy into compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of the weight;
  • energy storage is performed during the low period of power consumption of the power grid, and energy is released during the peak period of power consumption of the power grid.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
  • the invention discloses a gravity compressed air energy storage system, which combines compressed air energy storage and gravity energy storage through an air compression unit, an air expansion unit, an air storage chamber, a weight, and a generator.
  • the gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention has a constant pressure in the air storage chamber, reduces the regulation pressure throttling loss, has high expander efficiency, and high energy storage density of compressed air in the air storage chamber;
  • the chamber volume is significantly reduced, which is about 15% of the conventional compressed air energy storage power station, which can be flexibly arranged without being restricted by the terrain;
  • the energy release of the gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention comes from The combination of compressed air and heavy objects, and the independent gravity energy storage is only derived from the weight.
  • the weight of the weight of the present invention can be greatly reduced, which greatly reduces the system cost.
  • the heat exchange unit installed in the system can absorb and store the heat released during air compression during the energy storage phase, and release it during the energy release phase, heating the compressed air, improving the efficiency of expansion work, reducing energy consumption and saving energy.
  • the gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention cleverly combines the methods of gravity energy storage and conventional compressed air energy storage, overcomes their respective shortcomings, has large capacity, low cost, low cost per unit capacity, long life, high efficiency, Strong safety (heavy blocks and high-pressure gas storage chambers are arranged underground, with good safety), fast adjustment speed (with the same adjustment speed as conventional compressed air energy storage), small impact on the environment (no major impact on the geological structure)
  • the advantages of flexible layout can ensure the stability of the power grid, and play the role of peak and frequency modulation, peak and valley filling.
  • waste heat utilization heat exchanger is provided on the energy storage pipeline, which can comprehensively utilize the excess heat generated by air compression to output the system and save energy.
  • the weight is a cylinder, which is easy to manufacture, and the circumferential sealing of this shape is easy to realize.
  • the material is made of concrete or lead, has high density, can reduce the volume, and is low in cost.
  • a flow detection device, a pressure detection device and a regulating valve are arranged on the energy release pipeline, which can detect the gas parameters in the energy release pipeline, and control the operating speed of the system through the control unit, thereby adjusting the output power of the system to meet different conditions Demand.
  • the present invention discloses the working method of the above gravity compressed air energy storage system.
  • the weight is lifted by the constant pressure of the compressed air, thereby converting electric energy into compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of the weight; when the energy is released, the weight is Drop and let the compressed air do work at a constant pressure, which converts the energy stored in the compressed air and the gravitational potential energy of the weight into electrical energy. It is easy to operate, safe and flexible, energy saving, and can effectively play the role of peak and frequency modulation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is the gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention, including an air compression unit 1, an air expansion unit 2, an air storage chamber 6, a weight 7 and a generator 9;
  • the inlet of the air compression unit 1 is connected with an air inlet device, the outlet of the air compression unit 1 is connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber 6 through an energy storage pipeline, the outlet of the air storage chamber 6 is connected to the inlet of the air expansion unit 2 through an energy release pipeline, and the outlet of the air expansion unit 2 It is connected with the generator 9; a heat exchange unit is arranged between the energy storage pipeline and the energy discharge pipeline.
  • the weight 7 is arranged on the upper part of the air storage chamber 6 and forms a piston-cylinder system with the air storage chamber 6. There is a certain gap between the weight 7 and the air storage chamber 6, which can ensure that the weight 7 can move up and down effectively and stably.
  • a sealing device 8 is provided between the weight 7 and the air storage chamber 6, and the sealing device 8 can be a piston sealing ring, which can withstand the corresponding air pressure and keep it airtight.
  • the weight 7 is a cylinder, made of concrete or lead, or made by smelting other multi-component waste metals.
  • the gas storage chamber 6 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane in the vertical direction.
  • the heat exchange unit includes a heat storage device 3 and a heat exchange device 4.
  • the energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline are both provided with a heat storage device 3, and a number of heat exchange devices 4 are arranged between the heat storage devices 3.
  • the heat storage device 3 can be a heat storage tank, and the heat exchange device 4 can be a heat exchanger.
  • waste heat from other systems can also be introduced into the heat exchange device 4 for comprehensive utilization.
  • the energy storage pipeline is equipped with a waste heat utilization heat exchanger 5, which can comprehensively utilize the excess heat generated by air compression to output the system.
  • the air compression unit 1 can be equipped with several stages of air compressors according to actual needs; the air expansion unit 2 can be equipped with several stages of expanders according to actual needs.
  • the discharge pipeline is equipped with a flow detection device, a pressure detection device and a regulating valve.
  • the flow detection device, pressure detection device and regulating valve are respectively connected to the control unit of the gravity compressed air energy storage system, which can monitor and control the key parameters of the system in real time. control.
  • the system stores energy, closes the energy release pipeline, and opens the energy storage pipeline.
  • the air enters the air compression unit 1 through the air intake device and becomes compressed air.
  • the generated heat is stored in the heat exchange unit, and the compressed air is stored
  • the energy pipeline enters the air storage chamber 6, the volume of the air storage chamber 6 increases, and the weight 7 is lifted by the compressed air at a constant pressure, which converts electrical energy into compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of the weight 7;
  • the system discharges energy, opens the energy discharge pipeline, closes the energy storage pipeline, the weight 7 drops, and the volume of the air storage chamber 6 decreases. After the compressed air is heated by the heat exchange unit, it enters the air through the energy discharge pipeline.
  • the expansion unit 2 performs work at a constant pressure, drives the generator 9 to generate electricity, and converts the compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of the weight 7 into electrical energy.
  • the pressure of the air storage chamber of the 60MW/300MWh gravity compressed air energy storage system is 12.3MPa
  • the width of the air storage chamber 6 is about 20m
  • the diameter of the weight 7 is 20m
  • the mass of the weight 7 is about 390,000 tons.
  • the energy storage efficiency of the whole plant can reach 63% (compressor pressure ratio is reduced, and the output constant pressure does not need to change working conditions. , The compressor efficiency is improved). Due to the constant pressure method, and the heavy objects participate in energy storage, the energy storage density of the gravity compressed air energy storage system can reach 20.13KWh/m 3 (144Wh/kg). In order to achieve 5h energy storage, the volume of the air storage chamber is only 15,000 m 3 , and can greatly reduce the quality of heavy block 7 to 390,000 tons.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed are a gravity-compressed air energy storage system and a working method therefor, belonging to the technical field of energy storage. The system comprises an air compression unit (1), an air expansion unit (2), an air storage chamber (6), a weight (7) and an electric generator (9), wherein an inlet of the air compression unit (1) is connected to an air intake device, an outlet of the air compression unit (1) is connected to an inlet of the air storage chamber (6) by means of an energy storage pipe, an outlet of the air storage chamber (6) is connected to an inlet of the air expansion unit (2) by means of an energy release pipe, and an outlet of the air expansion unit (2) is connected to the electric generator (9); a heat exchange unit is arranged between the energy storage pipe and the energy release pipe; and the weight (7) is arranged on the upper portion of the air storage chamber (6) and forms a piston-air cylinder system with the air storage chamber (6), and a sealing device (8) is arranged between the weight (7) and the air storage chamber (6). The system combines compressed air energy storage with gravity energy storage, and has the advantage of the compressed air energy storage, i.e. a high energy density, and the advantage of the gravity energy storage, i.e. flexible arrangement.

Description

一种重力压缩空气储能系统及其工作方法Gravity compressed air energy storage system and working method thereof 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于能量存储技术领域，具体涉及一种重力压缩空气储能系统及其工作方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and specifically relates to a gravity compressed air energy storage system and a working method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，风电、光伏等新能源迅猛增长。新能源在大发展的同时，其装机规模远远超过了当地的消纳能力，造成部分地区较高的弃风和弃光率，且大型能源基地中的风电、光伏等可再生能源具有间歇性、波动性等特征，造成电网调节、抗干扰能力不断下降，给新能源的消纳上网及电网的稳定运行带来一系列的重大挑战。在波动性发电达到如此高比例的情况下，保证电力供应与需求之间的实时平衡更具挑战性。近年来储能技术得到大力发展，储能技术可用来解决常规电力负荷率低、电网利用率低、可再生能源间歇性和波动性、分布式区域功能系统的负荷波动性性大和可靠性低、部分电厂调峰能力低等问题，从而保证电网稳定、提高新能源的利用比例、起到调峰调频、削峰填谷的作用。In recent years, new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics have grown rapidly. While new energy is developing rapidly, its installed capacity far exceeds the local absorption capacity, resulting in higher wind curtailment and solar curtailment rates in some areas, and wind power, photovoltaics and other renewable energy sources in large energy bases are intermittent , Volatility and other characteristics, resulting in the continuous decline of grid regulation and anti-interference ability, which brings a series of major challenges to the consumption of new energy and the stable operation of the grid. With such a high proportion of variable power generation, it is more challenging to ensure a real-time balance between power supply and demand. In recent years, energy storage technology has been vigorously developed. Energy storage technology can be used to solve the problem of low conventional power load rate, low grid utilization, intermittent and volatility of renewable energy, large load volatility and low reliability of distributed regional functional systems, Some power plants have low peak-shaving capabilities, so as to ensure the stability of the power grid, increase the utilization ratio of new energy, and play the role of peak-shaving and frequency-shaving, and peak-shaving and valley-filling.
大规模的储能技术主要有抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能和重力储能。其中，重力储能的运行原理是：当储能时，采用电力驱动将岩块等重物转移至高处，将电能转化为岩块的重力势能；当释能时，再将岩块等重物从高处放到低处，驱动发电机发电，将重力势能重新转化为电能。它的优点在于：系统模块化（可实现大规模储能）、储能效率高（80%-90%）、响应时间短、运行时间长（30-50年）、建造成本低、布置灵活。但是它也存在一些缺点，比如能量密度低（0.2-0.4Wh/kg）、单位模块功率小、占地面积较大。压缩空气储能的原理主要是，在电力多余的时候，储能系统消耗电能将空气压缩并储存在储气室中保存，这样就可以将电能转化为压缩空气；当电力短缺时，释放储气室中的高压空气，然后进入燃烧室利用燃料燃烧加热升温后，驱动透平发电。它的主要优点在于：装机容量大（100MW以上）、建设和运行成本低、运行时间长（30-50年）、储能周期不受限制、能量密度高。缺点主要在于：它需要依赖大型地下储气洞穴、传统压缩空气储能技术效率稍低。Large-scale energy storage technologies mainly include pumped water storage, compressed air energy storage and gravity energy storage. Among them, the operating principle of gravity energy storage is: when energy is stored, electric power is used to transfer heavy objects such as rocks to a high place, and electrical energy is converted into gravitational potential energy of the rocks; when the energy is released, the heavy objects such as rocks are then transferred. Put it from a high place to a low place, drive the generator to generate electricity, and convert the gravitational potential energy into electrical energy again. Its advantages are: system modularity (large-scale energy storage can be realized), high energy storage efficiency (80%-90%), short response time, long running time (30-50 years), low construction cost, and flexible layout. But it also has some shortcomings, such as low energy density (0.2-0.4Wh/kg), low unit module power, and large footprint. The principle of compressed air energy storage is mainly that when the electricity is surplus, the energy storage system consumes electricity to compress the air and store it in the air storage chamber, so that the electricity can be converted into compressed air; when the electricity is short, the stored air is released The high-pressure air in the chamber then enters the combustion chamber and is heated by fuel combustion to drive the turbine to generate electricity. Its main advantages are: large installed capacity (above 100MW), low construction and operating costs, long operating time (30-50 years), unlimited energy storage cycles, and high energy density. The main disadvantage is that it needs to rely on large underground gas storage caves, and the efficiency of traditional compressed air energy storage technology is slightly lower.
技术问题technical problem
为了解决上述现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种重力压缩空气储能系统及其工作方法，将两种储能方式结合，兼具了压缩空气储能能量密度高和重力储能布置灵活的优点，能够保证电网稳定，起到调峰调频、削峰填谷的作用。In order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a gravity compressed air energy storage system and its working method, which combine the two energy storage methods, and have both high energy density and gravity of compressed air energy storage. The advantages of flexible energy storage arrangement can ensure the stability of the power grid, and play the role of peak and frequency modulation, peak shaving and valley filling.
技术解决方案Technical solutions
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现：The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
本发明公开了一种重力压缩空气储能系统，包括空气压缩单元、空气膨胀单元、储气室、重块和发电机；The invention discloses a gravity compressed air energy storage system, which includes an air compression unit, an air expansion unit, an air storage chamber, a weight and a generator;
空气压缩单元进口连接有进气装置，空气压缩单元出口通过储能管路与储气室进口连接，储气室出口通过释能管路与空气膨胀单元进口连接，空气膨胀单元出口与发电机连接；储能管路与释能管路之间设有热交换单元；The inlet of the air compression unit is connected with an air inlet device, the outlet of the air compression unit is connected with the inlet of the air storage chamber through an energy storage pipeline, the outlet of the air storage chamber is connected with the inlet of the air expansion unit through an energy release pipeline, and the outlet of the air expansion unit is connected with a generator; There is a heat exchange unit between the energy pipeline and the energy discharge pipeline;
重块设置在储气室上部且与储气室构成活塞-气缸系统，重块与储气室之间设有密封装置。The weight is arranged on the upper part of the air storage chamber and forms a piston-cylinder system with the air storage chamber, and a sealing device is arranged between the weight and the air storage chamber.
优选地，热交换单元包括储热装置和换热装置，储能管路和释能管路上均设有储热装置，储热装置之间设有若干换热装置。Preferably, the heat exchange unit includes a heat storage device and a heat exchange device, the energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline are both provided with a heat storage device, and a number of heat exchange devices are arranged between the heat storage devices.
优选地，储能管路上设有废热利用换热器。Preferably, a waste heat utilization heat exchanger is provided on the energy storage pipeline.
优选地，密封装置为活塞密封圈。Preferably, the sealing device is a piston sealing ring.
优选地，重块为圆柱体，材质为混凝土或铅。Preferably, the weight is a cylinder and the material is concrete or lead.
优选地，空气压缩单元包括若干级空气压缩机；空气膨胀单元包括若干级膨胀机。Preferably, the air compression unit includes several stages of air compressors; the air expansion unit includes several stages of expanders.
优选地，释能管路上设有流量检测装置、压力检测装置和调节阀，流量检测装置、压力检测装置和调节阀均分别与重力压缩空气储能系统的控制单元连接。Preferably, the discharge pipeline is provided with a flow detection device, a pressure detection device and a regulating valve, and the flow detection device, the pressure detection device and the regulating valve are respectively connected to the control unit of the gravity compressed air energy storage system.
优选地，储气室在竖直方向与水平面垂直。Preferably, the gas storage chamber is perpendicular to the horizontal plane in the vertical direction.
本发明公开了上述重力压缩空气储能系统的工作方法，包括：The present invention discloses a working method of the above gravity compressed air energy storage system, including:
储能时，关闭释能管路，开启储能管路，空气通过进气装置进入空气压缩单元压缩后成为压缩空气，产生的热量存储在热交换单元，压缩空气经储能管路进入储气室，储气室体积增大，重块被压缩空气恒压抬升，将电能转化为压缩空气能和重块的重力势能；When storing energy, close the energy release pipeline and open the energy storage pipeline. The air enters the air compression unit through the air intake device and becomes compressed air. The generated heat is stored in the heat exchange unit. The compressed air enters the air storage chamber through the energy storage pipeline. The volume of the air chamber increases, and the weight is lifted by the constant pressure of the compressed air, which converts electrical energy into compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of the weight;
释能时，开启释能管路，关闭储能管路，重块下降，储气室体积减小，压缩空气经热交换单元加热后，再经释能管路进入空气膨胀单元恒压做功，带动发电机发电，将压缩空气能和重块的重力势能转化为电能。When discharging energy, open the energy release pipeline, close the energy storage pipeline, the weight drops, and the volume of the air storage chamber decreases. After the compressed air is heated by the heat exchange unit, it enters the air expansion unit through the energy release pipeline to perform work at constant pressure and drive the generator Power generation, which converts compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of the weight into electrical energy.
优选地，在电网用电低谷期进行储能，在电网用电高峰期进行释能。Preferably, energy storage is performed during the low period of power consumption of the power grid, and energy is released during the peak period of power consumption of the power grid.
有益效果Beneficial effect
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
本发明公开的一种重力压缩空气储能系统，通过空气压缩单元、空气膨胀单元、储气室、重块和发电机，将压缩空气储能和重力储能两种方式相结合，相较于单独的压缩空气储能系统，本发明的重力压缩空气储能系统的储气室压力恒定，减少了调节压节流损失，膨胀机效率高、储气室压缩空气的储能密度高；储气室容积显著降低，为常规压缩空气储能电站的15%左右，可灵活布置，不受地形限制；相较于单独的重力储能系统，本发明的重力压缩空气储能系统的能量释放来源于压缩空气和重物压块两者的结合，而独立的重力储能仅来源于重块，因此相较而言，本发明的重块的重量可以大为减轻，极大地降低了系统成本。同时，系统内设置的热交换单元，在储能阶段，能够吸收和存储空气压缩时释放的热量，在释能阶段进行释放，加热压缩空气，提高膨胀做功的效率，减少了能量消耗，节约了能源。本发明的重力压缩空气储能系统，巧妙的结合了重力储能和常规压缩空气储能的方式，克服了各自的缺点，具有大容量、低成本，单位容量造价低、长寿命、高效率、安全性强（重块和高压储气室布置在地下，安全性好）、调节速度快（具有跟常规压缩空气储能相同的调节速度）、对环境影响小（不会对地质结构造成大的影响）、布置灵活的优点（较少受地形和地质条件限制，可灵活布置）等优点，能够保证电网稳定，起到调峰调频、削峰填谷的作用。The invention discloses a gravity compressed air energy storage system, which combines compressed air energy storage and gravity energy storage through an air compression unit, an air expansion unit, an air storage chamber, a weight, and a generator. Separate compressed air energy storage system, the gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention has a constant pressure in the air storage chamber, reduces the regulation pressure throttling loss, has high expander efficiency, and high energy storage density of compressed air in the air storage chamber; The chamber volume is significantly reduced, which is about 15% of the conventional compressed air energy storage power station, which can be flexibly arranged without being restricted by the terrain; compared with a separate gravity energy storage system, the energy release of the gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention comes from The combination of compressed air and heavy objects, and the independent gravity energy storage is only derived from the weight. Therefore, in comparison, the weight of the weight of the present invention can be greatly reduced, which greatly reduces the system cost. At the same time, the heat exchange unit installed in the system can absorb and store the heat released during air compression during the energy storage phase, and release it during the energy release phase, heating the compressed air, improving the efficiency of expansion work, reducing energy consumption and saving energy. The gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention cleverly combines the methods of gravity energy storage and conventional compressed air energy storage, overcomes their respective shortcomings, has large capacity, low cost, low cost per unit capacity, long life, high efficiency, Strong safety (heavy blocks and high-pressure gas storage chambers are arranged underground, with good safety), fast adjustment speed (with the same adjustment speed as conventional compressed air energy storage), small impact on the environment (no major impact on the geological structure) The advantages of flexible layout (less restricted by terrain and geological conditions, flexible layout) and other advantages can ensure the stability of the power grid, and play the role of peak and frequency modulation, peak and valley filling.
进一步地，储能管路上设有废热利用换热器，能够将空气压缩产生的多余热量输出系统进行综合利用，节约能源。Further, a waste heat utilization heat exchanger is provided on the energy storage pipeline, which can comprehensively utilize the excess heat generated by air compression to output the system and save energy.
进一步地，重块为圆柱体，便于制造，且该形状的周向密封易于实现，材质采用混凝土或铅，密度高，能够减小体积，且成本低廉。Further, the weight is a cylinder, which is easy to manufacture, and the circumferential sealing of this shape is easy to realize. The material is made of concrete or lead, has high density, can reduce the volume, and is low in cost.
进一步地，在释能管路上设置流量检测装置、压力检测装置和调节阀，能够检测释能管路中的气体参数，并通过控制单元控制系统的运行速度，进而调整系统的输出功率，满足不同情况下的需求。Furthermore, a flow detection device, a pressure detection device and a regulating valve are arranged on the energy release pipeline, which can detect the gas parameters in the energy release pipeline, and control the operating speed of the system through the control unit, thereby adjusting the output power of the system to meet different conditions Demand.
本发明公开了上述重力压缩空气储能系统的工作方法，在储能时，重块被压缩空气恒压抬升，从而将电能转化为压缩空气能和重块的重力势能；释能时，重块下降并让压缩空气恒压做功，将压缩空气储存的能量和重块的重力势能重新转化为电能。操作简便、安全灵活、节约能源，能够有效的起到调峰调频的作用。The present invention discloses the working method of the above gravity compressed air energy storage system. During energy storage, the weight is lifted by the constant pressure of the compressed air, thereby converting electric energy into compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of the weight; when the energy is released, the weight is Drop and let the compressed air do work at a constant pressure, which converts the energy stored in the compressed air and the gravitational potential energy of the weight into electrical energy. It is easy to operate, safe and flexible, energy saving, and can effectively play the role of peak and frequency modulation.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的重力压缩空气储能系统的整体结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention.
图中：1-空气压缩单元，2-空气膨胀单元，3-储热装置，4-换热装置，5-废热利用换热器，6-储气室，7-重块，8-密封装置，9-发电机。In the picture: 1- air compression unit, 2- air expansion unit, 3- heat storage device, 4- heat exchange device, 5- waste heat utilization heat exchanger, 6-air storage chamber, 7-weight, 8-seal device , 9-generator.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述，其内容是对本发明的解释而不是限定：The following describes the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, the content of which is to explain rather than limit the present invention:
图1为本发明的重力压缩空气储能系统，包括空气压缩单元1、空气膨胀单元2、储气室6、重块7和发电机9；Figure 1 is the gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention, including an air compression unit 1, an air expansion unit 2, an air storage chamber 6, a weight 7 and a generator 9;
空气压缩单元1进口连接有进气装置，空气压缩单元1出口通过储能管路与储气室6进口连接，储气室6出口通过释能管路与空气膨胀单元2进口连接，空气膨胀单元2出口与发电机9连接；储能管路与释能管路之间设有热交换单元。The inlet of the air compression unit 1 is connected with an air inlet device, the outlet of the air compression unit 1 is connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber 6 through an energy storage pipeline, the outlet of the air storage chamber 6 is connected to the inlet of the air expansion unit 2 through an energy release pipeline, and the outlet of the air expansion unit 2 It is connected with the generator 9; a heat exchange unit is arranged between the energy storage pipeline and the energy discharge pipeline.
重块7设置在储气室6上部且与储气室6构成活塞-气缸系统，重块7与储气室6之间存在一定间隙，可以保证重块7可以有效且稳定地上下移动。重块7与储气室6之间设有密封装置8，密封装置8可以是活塞密封圈，可以承受相应的气压并保持不漏气。重块7为圆柱体，材质采用混凝土或铅，或者采用其它多组分废弃金属熔炼制造。储气室6在竖直方向与水平面垂直。The weight 7 is arranged on the upper part of the air storage chamber 6 and forms a piston-cylinder system with the air storage chamber 6. There is a certain gap between the weight 7 and the air storage chamber 6, which can ensure that the weight 7 can move up and down effectively and stably. A sealing device 8 is provided between the weight 7 and the air storage chamber 6, and the sealing device 8 can be a piston sealing ring, which can withstand the corresponding air pressure and keep it airtight. The weight 7 is a cylinder, made of concrete or lead, or made by smelting other multi-component waste metals. The gas storage chamber 6 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane in the vertical direction.
热交换单元包括储热装置3和换热装置4，储能管路和释能管路上均设有储热装置3，储热装置3之间设有若干换热装置4。储热装置3可以采用储热罐，换热装置4可以采用换热器，同时也可以将其它系统的废热引入换热装置4进行综合利用。储能管路上设有废热利用换热器5，能够将空气压缩产生的多余热量输出系统进行综合利用。The heat exchange unit includes a heat storage device 3 and a heat exchange device 4. The energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline are both provided with a heat storage device 3, and a number of heat exchange devices 4 are arranged between the heat storage devices 3. The heat storage device 3 can be a heat storage tank, and the heat exchange device 4 can be a heat exchanger. At the same time, waste heat from other systems can also be introduced into the heat exchange device 4 for comprehensive utilization. The energy storage pipeline is equipped with a waste heat utilization heat exchanger 5, which can comprehensively utilize the excess heat generated by air compression to output the system.
空气压缩单元1可以根据实际需要设置若干级空气压缩机；空气膨胀单元2可以根据实际需要设置若干级膨胀机。The air compression unit 1 can be equipped with several stages of air compressors according to actual needs; the air expansion unit 2 can be equipped with several stages of expanders according to actual needs.
释能管路上设有流量检测装置、压力检测装置和调节阀，流量检测装置、压力检测装置和调节阀均分别与重力压缩空气储能系统的控制单元连接，能够对系统的关键参数进行实时监测和控制。The discharge pipeline is equipped with a flow detection device, a pressure detection device and a regulating valve. The flow detection device, pressure detection device and regulating valve are respectively connected to the control unit of the gravity compressed air energy storage system, which can monitor and control the key parameters of the system in real time. control.
上述重力压缩空气储能系统在工作时：When the above gravity compressed air energy storage system works:
电网用电低谷期，系统进行储能，关闭释能管路，开启储能管路，空气通过进气装置进入空气压缩单元1压缩后成为压缩空气，产生的热量存储在热交换单元，压缩空气经储能管路进入储气室6，储气室6体积增大，重块7被压缩空气恒压抬升，将电能转化为压缩空气能和重块7的重力势能；During the trough period of grid electricity consumption, the system stores energy, closes the energy release pipeline, and opens the energy storage pipeline. The air enters the air compression unit 1 through the air intake device and becomes compressed air. The generated heat is stored in the heat exchange unit, and the compressed air is stored The energy pipeline enters the air storage chamber 6, the volume of the air storage chamber 6 increases, and the weight 7 is lifted by the compressed air at a constant pressure, which converts electrical energy into compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of the weight 7;
电网用电高峰期，系统进行释能，开启释能管路，关闭储能管路，重块7下降，储气室6体积减小，压缩空气经热交换单元加热后，再经释能管路进入空气膨胀单元2恒压做功，带动发电机9发电，将压缩空气能和重块7的重力势能转化为电能。During the peak period of grid electricity consumption, the system discharges energy, opens the energy discharge pipeline, closes the energy storage pipeline, the weight 7 drops, and the volume of the air storage chamber 6 decreases. After the compressed air is heated by the heat exchange unit, it enters the air through the energy discharge pipeline. The expansion unit 2 performs work at a constant pressure, drives the generator 9 to generate electricity, and converts the compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of the weight 7 into electrical energy.
下面以一个具体实施例对本发明进行进一步的解释说明：The following further explains the present invention with a specific embodiment:
规模为60MW/300MWh的重力压缩空气储能系统的储气室压力为12.3MPa，储气室6宽度约为20m，重块7直径为20m，重块7质量约为39万吨。采用3级空气压缩单元1和2级空气膨胀单元2，重力压缩空气储能系统在工作时，可保持压缩空气储能系统中的储气室工作时压力保持恒压，减少了调节压节流损失。由于减少了调压节流损失，压缩膨胀过程的储能效率可达70.5%，考虑系统损耗后，全厂的储能效率可达63%（压缩机压比降低，出口恒压无需改变工况，压缩机效率提高）。由于采用恒压方式，同时重物压块参与储能，重力压缩空气储能系统的储能密度可达20.13KWh/m 3（144Wh/kg），为了实现5h储能，储气室容积仅为1.5万m 3，并可大大降低重块7的质量，降至39万吨。具有大容量（可>100MW）、低成本（单位千瓦造价可<6000元/KW，单位容量造价可<2000元/KWh）、长寿命（使用寿命可达30~50年）、高效率（系统效率可>65%）、安全性强（重块和高压储气室布置在地下，安全性好）、调节速度快（具有跟常规压缩空气储能相同的调节速度）、对环境影响小（不会对地质结构造成大的影响）、布置灵活的优点（较少受地形和地质条件限制，可灵活布置）等优点。 The pressure of the air storage chamber of the 60MW/300MWh gravity compressed air energy storage system is 12.3MPa, the width of the air storage chamber 6 is about 20m, the diameter of the weight 7 is 20m, and the mass of the weight 7 is about 390,000 tons. Using three-stage air compression unit 1 and two-stage air expansion unit 2, when the gravity compressed air energy storage system is working, the pressure of the air storage chamber in the compressed air energy storage system can be maintained at a constant pressure during operation, reducing the regulating pressure throttling loss. Due to the reduction of pressure regulation and throttling loss, the energy storage efficiency of the compression and expansion process can reach 70.5%. After considering the system loss, the energy storage efficiency of the whole plant can reach 63% (compressor pressure ratio is reduced, and the output constant pressure does not need to change working conditions. , The compressor efficiency is improved). Due to the constant pressure method, and the heavy objects participate in energy storage, the energy storage density of the gravity compressed air energy storage system can reach 20.13KWh/m 3 (144Wh/kg). In order to achieve 5h energy storage, the volume of the air storage chamber is only 15,000 m 3 , and can greatly reduce the quality of heavy block 7 to 390,000 tons. It has large capacity (may be >100MW), low cost (unit kilowatt cost can be <6000 yuan/KW, unit capacity cost can be <2000 yuan/KWh), long life (service life up to 30-50 years), high efficiency (system Efficiency can be >65%), strong safety (heavy blocks and high-pressure air storage chambers are arranged underground, with good safety), fast adjustment speed (with the same adjustment speed as conventional compressed air energy storage), and low environmental impact (not It will have a big impact on the geological structure), the advantages of flexible layout (less restricted by topography and geological conditions, flexible layout) and other advantages.
需要说明的是，以上所述仅为本发明实施方式的一部分，根据本发明所描述的系统所做的等效变化，均包括在本发明的保护范围内。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实例做类似的方式替代，只要不偏离本发明的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均属于本发明的保护范围。It should be noted that the above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and equivalent changes made according to the system described in the present invention are all included in the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can make similar substitutions to the specific examples described, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, it belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种重力压缩空气储能系统，其特征在于，包括空气压缩单元（1）、空气膨胀单元（2）、储气室（6）、重块（7）和发电机（9）；A gravity compressed air energy storage system, characterized by comprising an air compression unit (1), an air expansion unit (2), an air storage chamber (6), a weight (7) and a generator (9);
    空气压缩单元（1）进口连接有进气装置，空气压缩单元（1）出口通过储能管路与储气室（6）进口连接，储气室（6）出口通过释能管路与空气膨胀单元（2）进口连接，空气膨胀单元（2）出口与发电机（9）连接；储能管路与释能管路之间设有热交换单元；The inlet of the air compression unit (1) is connected with an air inlet device, the outlet of the air compression unit (1) is connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber (6) through the energy storage pipeline, and the outlet of the air storage chamber (6) is connected to the air expansion unit ( 2) The inlet is connected, and the outlet of the air expansion unit (2) is connected with the generator (9); a heat exchange unit is provided between the energy storage pipeline and the energy discharge pipeline;
    重块（7）设置在储气室（6）上部且与储气室（6）构成活塞-气缸系统，重块（7）与储气室（6）之间设有密封装置（8）。The weight (7) is arranged on the upper part of the air storage chamber (6) and forms a piston-cylinder system with the air storage chamber (6), and a sealing device (8) is provided between the weight (7) and the air storage chamber (6).
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的重力压缩空气储能系统，其特征在于，热交换单元包括储热装置（3）和换热装置（4），储能管路和释能管路上均设有储热装置（3），储热装置（3）之间设有若干换热装置（4）。The gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange unit includes a heat storage device (3) and a heat exchange device (4), and the energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline are both provided with a heat storage device ( 3) There are several heat exchange devices (4) between the heat storage devices (3).
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的重力压缩空气储能系统，其特征在于，储能管路上设有废热利用换热器（5）。The gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that a waste heat utilization heat exchanger (5) is provided on the energy storage pipeline.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的重力压缩空气储能系统，其特征在于，密封装置（8）为活塞密封圈。The gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the sealing device (8) is a piston sealing ring.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的重力压缩空气储能系统，其特征在于，重块（7）为圆柱体，材质为混凝土或铅。The gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the weight (7) is a cylinder and the material is concrete or lead.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的重力压缩空气储能系统，其特征在于，空气压缩单元（1）包括若干级空气压缩机；空气膨胀单元（2）包括若干级膨胀机。The gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the air compression unit (1) includes several stages of air compressors; the air expansion unit (2) includes several stages of expanders.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的重力压缩空气储能系统，其特征在于，释能管路上设有流量检测装置、压力检测装置和调节阀，流量检测装置、压力检测装置和调节阀均分别与重力压缩空气储能系统的控制单元连接。The gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the discharge pipeline is provided with a flow detection device, a pressure detection device and a regulating valve, and the flow detection device, the pressure detection device and the regulating valve are respectively connected to the gravity compressed air The control unit of the energy storage system is connected.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的重力压缩空气储能系统，其特征在于，储气室（6）在竖直方向与水平面垂直。The gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the air storage chamber (6) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane in the vertical direction.
  9. 根据权利要求1~8任意一项所述重力压缩空气储能系统的工作方法，其特征在于，包括：The working method of the gravity compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises:
    储能时，关闭释能管路，开启储能管路，空气通过进气装置进入空气压缩单元（1）压缩后成为压缩空气，产生的热量存储在热交换单元，压缩空气经储能管路进入储气室（6），储气室（6）体积增大，重块（7）被压缩空气恒压抬升，将电能转化为压缩空气能和重块（7）的重力势能；When storing energy, close the energy release pipeline and open the energy storage pipeline. The air enters the air compression unit through the air intake device (1) and becomes compressed air after compression. The generated heat is stored in the heat exchange unit, and the compressed air enters the air storage through the energy storage pipeline. The volume of the air storage chamber (6) increases, and the weight (7) is lifted by the compressed air at a constant pressure, which converts electrical energy into compressed air energy and gravitational potential energy of the weight (7);
    释能时，开启释能管路，关闭储能管路，重块（7）下降，储气室（6）体积减小，压缩空气经热交换单元加热后，再经释能管路进入空气膨胀单元（2）恒压做功，带动发电机（9）发电，将压缩空气能和重块（7）的重力势能转化为电能。When the energy is released, the energy release pipeline is opened, the energy storage pipeline is closed, the weight (7) drops, and the volume of the air storage chamber (6) decreases. After the compressed air is heated by the heat exchange unit, it enters the air expansion unit through the energy release pipeline ( 2) Constant pressure does work to drive the generator (9) to generate electricity, which converts the compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of the weight (7) into electrical energy.
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的重力压缩空气储能系统的工作方法，其特征在于，在电网用电低谷期进行储能，在电网用电高峰期进行释能。The working method of the gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 9, wherein the energy storage is performed during the low period of power consumption of the power grid, and the energy is released during the peak period of power consumption of the power grid.
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