CN212003288U - Power generation system capable of maintaining constant pressure based on high-density medium - Google Patents
Power generation system capable of maintaining constant pressure based on high-density medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a power generation system based on high density medium maintains pressure constancy, including high-pressure gas system, gas-liquid hybrid system, hydraulic generator set, passageway switched systems, control system, electricity generation liquid stream compensating system and high density medium pressure circulation stable system, high-pressure gas system, gas-liquid hybrid system, hydraulic generator set, electricity generation liquid stream compensating system, high density medium pressure circulation stable system pass through the passageway switched systems and connect to by control system control; the high-density medium pressure circulation stabilizing system maintains the pressure to be constant in the power generation process through the circulation of the high-density medium, and the hydraulic power generator set operates near the highest efficiency area; and less electric energy is consumed, more electric energy is added, so that the overall electric conversion efficiency of the system is higher. The system has the functions of conventional compressed air energy storage and large-scale electric energy storage of pumped storage power stations, and has the characteristics of no dependence on terrain difference, high efficiency, long running time and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a new forms of energy storage and power generation technical field, concretely relates to power generation system based on high density medium maintains the constancy of pressure.
Background
With the development of large-scale wind energy/photovoltaic resources, the development of wind power/photovoltaic in China keeps the strong momentum of rapid development, and as late as 2018, the installed capacity of renewable energy in China reaches 7.28 hundred million kilowatts and accounts for about 38.3 percent of the installed capacity of all the electric power, but the contradiction between the rapid development of new energy power generation and the relative lag of power grid construction is increasingly obvious. The large-scale wind power/photovoltaic energy access power grid with the characteristics of randomness, intermittence, anti-regulation, large output fluctuation and the like has great influence on the voltage stability, transient stability and frequency stability of the system, the national water electricity abandonment in 2018 reaches 691 hundred million kilowatt hours, the wind electricity abandonment in 2018 reaches 277 million kilowatt hours, and the light electricity abandonment reaches 54.9 million kilowatt hours. Therefore, the phenomena of wind abandonment, light abandonment and water abandonment are widely existed, the problems of difficult grid connection of wind power/photovoltaic energy, difficult absorption after grid connection and the like seriously restrict the change of an energy structure, and the technical characteristics [ J ] of a new generation electric power system in China in energy transformation, China Motor engineering newspaper, document [2] thank exism, Zhangmin, Rojinshan and the like, and a future electric power system evolution model [ J ] of new energy large-scale access, China Motor engineering newspaper, 2018 and 38 (2).
At present, the energy storage modes mainly comprise: pumped storage, compressed air storage, hydrogen energy, battery storage, flywheel storage, superconducting storage and the like. However, the mature energy storage technologies mainly include pumped storage, storage battery storage and compressed air storage. The pumped storage is limited by various factors such as water resources, topography, geology and the like, the investment cost is high, the construction period is long, and flexible arrangement and large-scale popularization and application are difficult. The storage battery has the advantages of quick response, high conversion efficiency and the like, but has safety problems in operation and certain influence on the environment in production and manufacturing. Compared with other two technologies, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) has the characteristics of large energy storage scale, long storage period, small environmental pollution, low requirement on terrain and the like, and is one of the development directions with great potential in the field of large-scale energy storage at present. However, the traditional compressed air energy storage power station represented by the German Huntorf compressed air energy storage power station and the American McIntosh compressed air energy storage power station has the problems of dependence on external natural gas fuel supplement, influence on the environment, low high-pressure air electric energy conversion efficiency (less than 50 percent), dependence on large-volume cave resources and inflexible arrangement. At present, the most advanced heat insulation compressed air storage usually needs a large-volume abandoned mine and a cave with at least ten thousand cubic meters for storing high-pressure air, has the defects of serious dependence on cave resources, inflexible arrangement and high investment cost (dozens of billions of RMB), is in a heat insulation process in the energy storage and release processes, and has the problems of easy escape of heat and low conversion efficiency.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a to the problem that exists among the above-mentioned prior art, provide a power generation system based on high density medium maintains pressure constancy, introduced high density medium circulation stable system, utilize high density medium circulation stable system with high density medium through adjusting the flow that low pressure high density medium holds liquid container and pours into high density medium high pressure gas container into, realize the stability to the pressure of vapour-liquid mixing container; the pressure is adjusted by utilizing the flow of the high-density medium, and compared with the adjustment by utilizing a pressure control valve, the energy consumption is reduced; the high-density medium can reduce the elevation difference between the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container and the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container, and the arrangement requirement of the system is lowered.
The utility model provides a following technical scheme:
a power generation system for maintaining constant pressure based on a high-density medium comprises a high-pressure gas system, a gas-liquid mixing system, a hydraulic power generator set, a channel switching system, a control system, a power generation liquid flow compensation system and a high-density medium circulation stabilizing system, wherein the high-pressure gas system, the gas-liquid mixing system, the hydraulic power generator set and the high-density medium circulation stabilizing system are connected through the channel switching system and are controlled by the control system;
the high-pressure gas system comprises N1Parallel high-pressure gas systems, N1≥1；
Each group of high-pressure gas subsystems comprises an air compression device and a high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container which are sequentially and correspondingly connected, and the air compression device is used for increasing the initial operating pressure of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container and supplementing the pressure of gas leakage loss in the operating process of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container;
the gas-liquid mixing system at least comprises 1 group of high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystems and 1 group of low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystems, and a gas-liquid mixing container in the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystems is provided with a pressure regulating valve;
the high-density medium circulation stabilizing system comprises a low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container and liquid valves connected with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container, and the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container is arranged above the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container;
the inlet of the air compression device is communicated with external normal-pressure air, the outlet of the air compression device is communicated with the air inlet of a corresponding high-density medium high-pressure air storage container and the air inlet of a high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, the liquid outlet of the high-density medium high-pressure air storage container is connected with the liquid inlet of a low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container through a liquid valve, the liquid outlet of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is connected with the liquid inlet of a low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem through a hydraulic power generating set, the liquid outlet of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is connected with the high;
an air valve is arranged between the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, an air valve is arranged between the high-density medium high-pressure air storage container and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, and the volume of the gas-liquid mixing container in the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is not less than that of the gas-liquid mixing container in the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem.
During power generation, the pressure difference between a vapor-liquid mixing container of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and a set pressure value is monitored in real time, a pressure closed-loop control strategy is adopted, the flow rate of the high-density medium injected into the high-pressure gas storage container of the high-density medium is adjusted, and the pressure of the vapor-liquid mixing container of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is kept constant;
when energy is stored, the power generation liquid flow compensation system is utilized to enable liquid in a vapor-liquid mixing container of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem to flow into a vapor-liquid mixing container of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, and meanwhile, high-density media are adjusted to flow into a low-pressure high-density media liquid storage container from a high-density media high-pressure gas storage container, so that the pressure of the high-density media high-pressure gas storage container and the pressure of the vapor-liquid mixing container of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem are kept constant.
The volume ratio of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container to the vapor-liquid mixing container of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is 0.1-20;
the technical scheme of the utility model is characterized in that a high-density medium circulation stabilizing system is introduced, and the high-density medium circulation stabilizing system is utilized to inject the high-density medium into the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container by adjusting the flow of the low-voltage high-density medium liquid storage container, so as to realize the stability of the pressure of the vapor-liquid mixing container; the pressure is adjusted by utilizing the flow of the high-density medium, and compared with the adjustment by utilizing a pressure control valve, the energy consumption is reduced; the high-density medium can reduce the elevation difference between the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container and the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container, and the arrangement requirement of the system is lowered;
the pressure of the side A is high, and the pressure of the side B is low during power generation; and during the initial energy storage period, the pressure of the side B is high, and the pressure of the side A is low.
The low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container and the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container have a certain height difference, and the pressure generated by the high-density medium liquid column height in the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container is equal to the pressure in the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container;
furthermore, the power generation liquid flow compensation system is an auxiliary gas container arranged on one side of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, and gas valves are arranged between the auxiliary gas container and the gas-liquid mixing containers of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem.
Further, the power generation liquid flow compensation system is a pump between vapor-liquid mixing containers of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, and the pump head is at least 100 m.
After the power generation is finished, the liquid flow of the B side vapor-liquid mixing container flows into the A side vapor-liquid mixing container under the combined action of the pump extraction and the pressure in the auxiliary gas container; the high-lift water pump with low equipment cost and higher market selection flexibility is selected for energy storage, the high-lift water pump with main power is consumed by electric energy in the energy storage stage, air is compressed by pumping water, and a high-density medium is indirectly pressed into a low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container from a high-density high-pressure air storage container, so that energy storage is realized;
furthermore, the power generation liquid flow compensation system is a pump between vapor-liquid mixing containers of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, the pump lift is at least 1m, and a high-density medium pump is arranged between the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container and the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container.
After the power generation is finished, liquid flow of the B side vapor-liquid mixing container is pumped into the A side vapor-liquid mixing container by a water pump; the pump is a low-lift and large-flow pump, is mainly used for rapidly supplementing liquid flow and is not the main force of electric energy consumption in the energy storage stage;
furthermore, an auxiliary high-density medium pool and a high-density medium pump are sequentially arranged between the liquid outlet of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container and the liquid inlet of the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container.
After the power generation is finished, the water flow of the B side gas-liquid mixing container flows into the A side gas-liquid mixing container under the pressure action in the auxiliary gas container; the excess pressure can be fully utilized, the power consumption in the energy storage stage is reduced, and the circulation efficiency of the system is improved;
the auxiliary high-density medium pool is an implementation mode for realizing constant lift of the mercury pump, so that the inlet and the outlet of the mercury pump work at atmospheric pressure;
further, the high-density medium is any one of seawater, drilling fluid, silt-containing liquid, mercury and liquid metal, and the density of the high-density medium is 1000kg/m3～8000000kg/m3。
Further, the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container and the gas-liquid mixing container in the gas-liquid mixing system adopt any one of an underground pit well, an underground cave, a waste mine, a developed salt well/mine, an aquifer cave, a ground gas storage device or an underwater gas storage container.
Furthermore, the hydraulic turbine of the hydraulic generator set has a low specific speed of 100 m-kW-200 m-kW and an ultra-low specific speed of 10 m-kW-100 m-kW, and is an impulse turbine, an industrial turbine or a hydraulic turbine.
Furthermore, the inlet angle of the water turbine is in the range of 100-150 degrees, and the outlet angle of the water turbine is in the range of 10-40 degrees.
Further, the gas pressure in the gas-liquid mixing container in the gas-liquid mixing system is not lower than 2 MPa.
Furthermore, the control system comprises a speed regulating system, an excitation system, a monitoring system, a protection system and an air pressure control system of a water turbine and a hydraulic generator in the hydraulic generator set.
The hydraulic generator set comprises a water turbine and a water turbine generator, and the water turbine generator is a synchronous generator, a doubly-fed generator or a permanent magnet generator.
Advantageous effects
The utility model provides a technical scheme is a power generation system based on high density medium maintains pressure constancy, including high-pressure gas system, gas-liquid hybrid system, hydraulic generator set, passageway switched system, control system, electricity generation liquid stream compensating system and high density medium circulation stable system, high-pressure gas system, gas-liquid hybrid system, hydraulic generator set, high density medium circulation stable system pass through the passageway switched system and connect, and by control system control; the high-density liquid circulation is used for maintaining the constant pressure in the power generation energy storage process, and the high-density liquid circulation is independent of a liquid circulation pipeline for power generation; the high-density medium can reduce the elevation difference between the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container and the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container, and the arrangement requirement of the system is lowered;
compared with the power generation system in the prior art, the system has the following advantages:
(1) the technical scheme of the utility model is characterized in that a high-density medium circulation stabilizing system is introduced, and the pressure of the gas-liquid mixing container is stabilized by adjusting the flow of the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container injected into the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container;
(2) the pressure is adjusted by utilizing the flow of the high-density medium, and compared with the adjustment by utilizing a pressure control valve, the energy consumption is reduced;
(3) the power generation system provided by the technical scheme of the utility model has two operation modes, and the system absorbs redundant electric energy from the power grid in the energy storage mode, converts the electric energy into compressed air, stores the compressed air in the high-pressure gas system and converts the electric energy into liquid pressure energy; under the power generation mode, high-pressure gas can be released under the action of the control system, so that the gas-liquid mixing system is in a high-pressure state, high-pressure liquid flow drives the hydraulic generator set to convert air energy into electric energy, and the high-pressure gas maintains constant pressure required by power generation through the flow of a high-density medium.
(4) The energy head of the hydraulic generator set is kept constant in the power generation process, and the efficiency is high; the pump or the mercury pump that pumps liquid in the energy storage process can work near rated lift, and efficiency is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 10-motor, 11-air compressor, 12-low pressure high density medium liquid storage container, 13-high density medium high pressure air storage container, 14-A side vapor-liquid mixing container, 15-impulse water turbine, 16-B side vapor-liquid mixing container, 17-B side auxiliary gas container, 18-water pump, 19-mercury pump, 20-auxiliary mercury pool, 21-first gas valve, 22-second gas valve, 23-third gas valve, 24-fourth gas valve, 25-fifth gas valve, 26-sixth gas valve, 31-first liquid valve, 32-second liquid valve, 33-third liquid valve, 34-fourth liquid valve and 35-fifth liquid valve.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The utility model provides a power generation system for maintaining constant pressure based on high density medium, which comprises a high pressure gas system, a gas-liquid mixing system, a hydraulic power generator set, a channel switching system, a control system, a power generation liquid flow compensation system and a high density medium circulation stable system, wherein the high pressure gas system, the gas-liquid mixing system, the hydraulic power generator set and the high density medium circulation stable system are connected through the channel switching system and are controlled by the control system;
the high-pressure gas system comprises N1Parallel high-pressure gas systems, N1≥1；
Each group of high-pressure gas subsystems comprises an air compression device and a high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container which are sequentially and correspondingly connected, and the air compression device is used for increasing the initial operating pressure of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container and supplementing the pressure of gas leakage loss in the operating process of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container;
the gas-liquid mixing system at least comprises 1 group of high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystems and 1 group of low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystems, and a gas-liquid mixing container in the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystems is provided with a pressure regulating valve;
the high-density medium circulation stabilizing system comprises a low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container and liquid valves connected with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container, and the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container is arranged above the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container;
the inlet of the air compression device is communicated with external normal-pressure air, the outlet of the air compression device is communicated with the air inlet of a corresponding high-density medium high-pressure air storage container and the air inlet of a high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, the liquid outlet of the high-density medium high-pressure air storage container is connected with the liquid inlet of a low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container through a liquid valve, the liquid outlet of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is connected with the liquid inlet of a low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem through a hydraulic power generating set, the liquid outlet of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is connected with the high;
an air valve is arranged between the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, an air valve is arranged between the high-density medium high-pressure air storage container and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, and the volume of a gas-liquid mixing container in the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is not less than that of the gas-liquid mixing container in the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem;
during power generation, the pressure difference between a vapor-liquid mixing container of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and a set pressure value is monitored in real time, a pressure closed-loop control strategy is adopted, the flow rate of the high-density medium injected into the high-pressure gas storage container of the high-density medium is adjusted, and the pressure of the vapor-liquid mixing container of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is kept constant;
during energy storage, the power generation liquid flow compensation system is utilized to enable water in a vapor-liquid mixing container of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem to flow into a vapor-liquid mixing container of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, and meanwhile, a high-density medium is adjusted to flow into a low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container from a high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container, so that the pressure of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container and the pressure of the vapor-liquid mixing container of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem are kept constant.
The volume ratio of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container to the vapor-liquid mixing container of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is 0.1-20;
the power generation liquid flow compensation system is an auxiliary gas container arranged on one side of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, and gas valves are arranged between the auxiliary gas container and the gas-liquid mixing containers of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem.
The high-density medium is any one of seawater, drilling fluid, silt-containing liquid, mercury and liquid metal, and the density of the high-density medium is 1000kg/m3～8000000kg/m3。
The high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container and the gas-liquid mixing container in the gas-liquid mixing system adopt any one of an underground pit well, an underground cave, a waste mine, a developed salt well/mine, a water-bearing layer cave, a ground gas storage device or an underwater gas storage container.
The hydraulic turbine of the hydraulic generator set has a low specific speed of 100-200 m-kW and an ultra-low specific speed of 10-100 m-kW, and is an impulse turbine, an industrial turbine or a hydraulic turbine.
The inlet angle of the water turbine is in the range of 100-150 degrees, and the outlet angle of the water turbine is in the range of 10-40 degrees.
And the gas pressure in a gas-liquid mixing container in the gas-liquid mixing system is not lower than 2 MPa.
The hydraulic generator set comprises a water turbine and a water turbine generator, and the water turbine generator is a synchronous generator, a doubly-fed generator or a permanent magnet generator.
The control system comprises a speed regulating system, an excitation system, a monitoring system, a protection system and an air pressure control system of a water turbine and a hydraulic generator in the hydraulic generator set.
In example one, one implementation of the system is given in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, the air compressor, side A vapor-liquid mixing vessel, forms one implementation of a high pressure gas system; the gas-water mixing container on the side A and the gas-water mixing container on the side B form one of the realization modes of a gas-liquid system; the valves, namely the first liquid valve 31, the second liquid valve 32, the fifth air valve 25, the second air valve 22, the first air valve 21, the third air valve 23, the third liquid valve 33, the fourth air valve 24, the fourth liquid valve 34, the sixth air valve 26, the fifth liquid valve 35 and pipelines among different devices form one of the realization modes of the channel switching system; the impulse turbine 15 and its generator form one of the implementations of a hydraulic generator set; the impulse turbine 15 and auxiliary control systems such as a speed regulation system, an excitation system, a monitoring system, a protection system, an air pressure control system and the like of a generator thereof form one of specific implementation modes of the control system; the open mercury reservoir a12, the mercury reservoir B, the auxiliary mercury reservoir 20, and the mercury pump 19 form one of the specific implementations of the pressure stabilization system; the power generation liquid uses water as a working medium, a high-density medium for maintaining the pressure stability in the gas-liquid mixing container at the A side is mercury, and the two different media are isolated from each other.
An auxiliary mercury pool 20 and a mercury pump 19 are sequentially arranged between the liquid outlet of the mercury pool B and the liquid inlet of the open mercury pool A.
After the power generation is finished, the water flow of the B side gas-liquid mixing container flows into the A side gas-liquid mixing container under the pressure action in the auxiliary gas container;
the excess pressure can be fully utilized, the power consumption in the energy storage stage is reduced, and the circulation efficiency of the system is improved; the auxiliary high-density medium pool is an implementation mode for realizing constant lift of the mercury pump, so that the inlet and the outlet of the mercury pump work at atmospheric pressure;
one mode of operation of the system is described as follows:
in the initial state, the open mercury reservoir a is filled with the high density medium mercury, and only a small amount of liquid for flooding the pipe orifice remains in the auxiliary mercury reservoir.
In the initial pressure building stage, the motor is driven by abundant electric energy, the first air valve 21 is opened, normal pressure air is converted into high pressure air under the action of the air compressor 11, the fifth air valve 25, the second air valve 22 and the third air valve 23 are opened, and the high pressure air is stored in a vapor-liquid mixing container at the side of the mercury pool B, A.
In the power generation stage, the first liquid valve 31 and the fifth air valve 25 are opened, and the second air valve 22, the first air valve 21, the third air valve 23 and the fourth air valve 24 are closed; the high-pressure air of the gas-liquid mixing container at the side A expands, the third liquid valve 33 and the fourth liquid valve 34 are opened, the impulse turbine is pushed to rotate, and the high-pressure air energy is converted into electric energy; when the pressure in the vapor-liquid mixing container on the side A is reduced, the liquid level of the open mercury pool A is also reduced, and the mercury of the high-density medium is supplemented into the mercury pool B, so that the total volume of the air in the vapor-liquid mixing container on the side of the mercury pool B, A is kept unchanged, and the pressure is kept unchanged. Liquid in the gas-liquid mixing container at the side B is increased, the sixth air valve 26 is opened, and the pressure is reduced; or the B side vapor-liquid mixing container is directly connected with the atmosphere through a vent valve (not shown in the figure). And ending the power generation stage when the liquid level in the vapor-liquid mixing container at the side A is reduced to the minimum value and the liquid level in the mercury pool B is increased to the maximum value.
In the energy storage stage, the second air valve 22, the third air valve 23 and the fourth air valve 24 are opened, and the air pressure values in the vapor-liquid mixing container on the side A and the mercury pool B are reduced by utilizing the vapor-liquid mixing container on the side B and the auxiliary gas container on the side B; closing the fourth air valve 24, and opening the second liquid valve 32 and the fifth air valve 25; discharging high-density medium mercury from the mercury pool B into the auxiliary mercury pool under the action of the air pressure in the side A vapor-liquid mixing container and the mercury pool B so as to further reduce the air pressure in the side A vapor-liquid mixing container and the mercury pool B; and opening a fifth liquid valve 35, and expanding the gas in the B-side gas-liquid mixing container and the B-side auxiliary gas container in the process, so that the water flow in the B-side gas-liquid mixing container flows into the A-side gas-liquid mixing container under the pressure difference. And when the mercury in the mercury pool B is lowered to the lowest liquid level, the auxiliary mercury pool is raised to the highest liquid level, and the water flow in the vapor-liquid mixing container at the side A is raised to the highest liquid level, pumping the mercury in the auxiliary mercury pool into the opening mercury pool A by using a mercury pump, and increasing the air pressure in the vapor-liquid mixing container at the side A and the air pressure in the mercury pool B to a set value by using an air compressor to finish the energy storage process.
In example two, one implementation of the system is given in fig. 2. The air compressor and the A side vapor-liquid mixing container form one of the realization modes of the high-pressure air system; the vapor-liquid mixing container at the side A and the gas-water mixing container at the side B form one of the realization modes of a gas-liquid system; the first liquid valve 31, the second liquid valve 32, the second air valve 22, the third air valve 23, the fifth air valve 25, the first air valve 21, the third liquid valve 33, the fourth liquid valve 34, the fourth air valve 24, the sixth air valve 26, the fifth liquid valve 35 and pipelines among different devices form one of the realization modes of a channel switching system; the special water turbine and the generator thereof form one of the realization modes of the hydraulic generator set; auxiliary control systems such as a speed regulating system, an excitation system, a monitoring system, a protection system and an air pressure control system of a special water turbine and a generator thereof form one of specific implementation modes of the control system; the open mercury pool A, the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container and the mercury pump form one of specific implementation modes of the pressure stabilization system; the power generation liquid uses water as a working medium, a high-density medium for maintaining the pressure stability in the gas-liquid mixing container at the A side is mercury, and the two different media are isolated from each other.
The power generation liquid flow compensation system is a water pump between vapor-liquid mixing containers of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, the lift of the water pump is at least 1m, and a high-density medium pump is arranged between the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container and the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container.
After the power generation is finished, water flow of the B side steam-liquid mixing container is pumped into the A side steam-liquid mixing container by a water pump; the water pump in fig. 2 is a low-lift, large-flow water pump, and is mainly used for rapidly supplementing water flow, and is not the main force of electric energy consumption in the energy storage stage, and the main force of electric energy consumption is a mercury pump;
one mode of operation of the system is described as follows:
in the initial state, the open mercury reservoir a is filled with the high density medium mercury, and only a small amount of liquid for flooding the pipe orifice remains in the auxiliary mercury reservoir.
In the initial pressure building stage, the motor is driven by abundant electric energy, the first air valve 21 is opened, normal pressure air is converted into high pressure air under the action of the air compressor, the second air valve 22, the third air valve 23 and the fifth air valve 25 are opened, and the high pressure air is stored in the high-density medium high-pressure air storage container and the side A gas-liquid mixing container.
In the power generation stage, the third liquid valve 33, the fourth liquid valve 34, the fifth air valve 25 and the first liquid valve 31 are opened, and the fourth air valve 24 is closed; the high-pressure air of the gas-liquid mixing container at the side A expands, the third liquid valve 33 and the fourth liquid valve 34 are opened, the water turbine is pushed to rotate, and the high-pressure air energy is converted into electric energy; when the pressure in the vapor-liquid mixing container on the side A is reduced, the liquid level of the open mercury pool A is reduced, and the mercury of the high-density medium is supplemented into the high-pressure air storage container of the high-density medium, so that the total volume of the air in the vapor-liquid mixing container 14 on the side of the mercury pool B, A is kept unchanged, and the pressure is kept unchanged. The B-side vapor-liquid mixing vessel 17 is connected directly to the atmosphere via a vent valve (not shown in the figure). And ending the power generation stage when the liquid level in the gas-liquid mixing container at the side A is reduced to the minimum value and the liquid level in the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container is increased to the maximum value.
In the energy storage stage, one operation mode is that the fifth liquid valve 35, the fifth gas valve 25, the second liquid valve 32 and the fourth gas valve 24 are opened, the water pump is used for pumping the internal water flow into the vapor-liquid mixing container on the side A, so that rapid water flow supplement is realized, meanwhile, the mercury pump is used for pumping the mercury into the open mercury pool from the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container, so that the volume of the mercury flowing out of the mercury pool B is equal to the volume of the water flowing into the vapor-liquid mixing container on the side A14, and the mercury pump 19 and the water pump 18 both work in rated working conditions; and finishing the energy storage process when the mercury in the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container is reduced to the lowest liquid level and the water flow in the side A gas-liquid mixing container is increased to the highest liquid level.
In example three, fig. 3 shows one implementation of the system. The only difference between fig. 3 and fig. 2 is that the hydraulic stabilization system does not use a mercury pump when recovering the high-density medium mercury in the energy storage stage, but directly connects the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container with the open mercury reservoir a through a pipeline and a valve. The initial voltage building and power generation process is similar to that of the process shown in FIG. 2 and is not repeated; in the energy storage stage, one operation mode is that the fifth liquid valve 35, the fifth gas valve 25 and the second liquid valve 32 are opened, water flow in the B side vapor-liquid mixing container is pumped into the A side vapor-liquid mixing container with residual pressure by using a water pump, so that the air pressure values in the high-density medium high-pressure air storage container and the A side vapor-liquid mixing container are improved, and when the air pressure value is slightly higher than the elevation difference between the opening mercury pool A and the high-density medium high-pressure air storage container, mercury can be pressed back into the opening mercury pool by means of pressure difference; and finishing the energy storage process when the mercury in the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container is reduced to the lowest liquid level and the water flow in the side A gas-liquid mixing container is increased to the highest liquid level.
The power generation liquid flow compensation system is a water pump between vapor-liquid mixing containers of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, and the lift of the water pump is at least 100 m.
After the power generation is finished, the water flow of the B side steam-liquid mixing container flows into the A side steam-liquid mixing container under the combined action of the water pump extraction and the pressure in the auxiliary gas container; the high-lift water pump with low cost of selection equipment and higher market selection flexibility is used for storing energy, and in the energy storage stage, the high-lift water pump with main power of electric energy consumption utilizes the water pump to pump water and compress air, so that the high-density medium is indirectly pressed into the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container from the high-density high-pressure air storage container, and the energy storage is realized.
In all the examples, the pressure at the side a is high and the pressure at the side B is low during power generation; the pressure of the side B is high and the pressure of the side A is low during the initial energy storage period; the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container 13 is a mercury pool B.
The low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container and the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container have a certain height difference, and the pressure generated by the high-density medium liquid column height in the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container is equal to the pressure in the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container;
the volume of the auxiliary gas container at the B side is 1-40 times of that of the gas-liquid mixing container at the B side; the volume \ pressure of the mercury pool B and the volume \ pressure of the vapor-liquid mixing container on the side A meet the relation of pB VB pA VA. pB is the pressure of the mercury pool B, and VB is the volume of the mercury pool B; pA is the pressure of the A-side vapor-liquid mixing container, and VA is the volume of the A-side vapor-liquid mixing container.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for further detailed description of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A power generation system for maintaining constant pressure based on a high-density medium is characterized by comprising a high-pressure gas system, a gas-liquid mixing system, a hydraulic power generator set, a channel switching system, a control system, a power generation liquid flow compensation system and a high-density medium circulation stabilizing system, wherein the high-pressure gas system, the gas-liquid mixing system, the hydraulic power generator set and the high-density medium circulation stabilizing system are connected through the channel switching system and are controlled by the control system;
the high-pressure gas system comprises N1Parallel high-pressure gas systems, N1≥1；
Each group of high-pressure gas subsystems comprises an air compression device and a high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container which are sequentially and correspondingly connected, and the air compression device is used for increasing the initial operating pressure of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container and supplementing the pressure of gas leakage loss in the operating process of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container;
the gas-liquid mixing system at least comprises 1 group of high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystems and 1 group of low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystems, and a gas-liquid mixing container in the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystems is provided with a pressure regulating valve;
the high-density medium circulation stabilizing system comprises a low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container and liquid valves connected with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container, and the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container is arranged above the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container;
the inlet of the air compression device is communicated with external normal-pressure air, the outlet of the air compression device is communicated with the air inlet of a corresponding high-density medium high-pressure air storage container and the air inlet of a high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, the liquid outlet of the high-density medium high-pressure air storage container is connected with the liquid inlet of a low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container through a liquid valve, the liquid outlet of the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is connected with the liquid inlet of a low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem through a hydraulic power generating set, the liquid outlet of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is connected with the high;
an air valve is arranged between the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, an air valve is arranged between the high-density medium high-pressure air storage container and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, and the volume of the gas-liquid mixing container in the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem is not less than that of the gas-liquid mixing container in the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem.
2. The high-density medium based power generation system for maintaining constant pressure according to claim 1, wherein the power generation liquid flow compensation system is an auxiliary gas container arranged on one side of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, and gas valves are arranged between the auxiliary gas container and the gas-liquid mixing containers of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem.
3. The high-density medium based pressure constant power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power generation liquid flow compensation system is a pump between vapor-liquid mixing containers of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, and the pump head is at least 100 m.
4. The high-density-medium-based pressure-constant power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the power generation liquid flow compensation system is a pump between vapor-liquid mixing containers of the low-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem and the high-pressure gas-liquid mixing subsystem, the pump head is at least 1m, and a high-density-medium pump is arranged between the low-pressure high-density-medium liquid storage container and the high-density-medium high-pressure gas storage container.
5. The high-density medium based pressure constant maintaining power generation system as claimed in claim 2, wherein an auxiliary high-density medium pool and a high-density medium pump are sequentially arranged between the liquid outlet of the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container and the liquid inlet of the low-pressure high-density medium liquid storage container.
6. A high density medium based on claim 1The power generation system with constant mass-maintaining pressure is characterized in that the high-density medium is any one of seawater, drilling fluid, silt-containing liquid, mercury and liquid metal, and the density of the high-density medium is 1000kg/m3～8000000kg/m3。
7. The high-density medium based pressure constant power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the high-density medium high-pressure gas storage container and the gas-liquid mixing container in the gas-liquid mixing system are any one of underground pit, underground cave, abandoned mine, developed salt well/mine, aquifer cave, ground gas storage device or underwater gas storage container.
8. The high density media based pressure maintenance constant power generation system of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic turbine of the hydraulic generator set has a low specific speed of 100 m-kW to 200 m-kW and an ultra-low specific speed of 10 m-kW to 100 m-kW, and the hydraulic turbine is a pelton turbine, an industrial turbine or a hydraulic turbine.
9. The high-density medium pressure constant-based power generation system of claim 8, wherein the turbine inlet angle is in the range of 100 ° to 150 ° and the outlet angle is in the range of 10 ° to 40 °.
10. The high-density medium based pressure constant power generation system of claim 1, wherein the gas pressure in the gas-liquid mixing container in the gas-liquid mixing system is not lower than 2 MPa.
11. The high-density medium based pressure constant power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control system comprises a speed regulation system, an excitation system, a monitoring system, a protection system and an air pressure control system of a water turbine and a water turbine generator in the hydraulic generator set.
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