WO2021135903A1 - 大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统及拆装方法 - Google Patents

大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统及拆装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021135903A1
WO2021135903A1 PCT/CN2020/136068 CN2020136068W WO2021135903A1 WO 2021135903 A1 WO2021135903 A1 WO 2021135903A1 CN 2020136068 W CN2020136068 W CN 2020136068W WO 2021135903 A1 WO2021135903 A1 WO 2021135903A1
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Prior art keywords
semi
lifting
lifting arm
submersible
support
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PCT/CN2020/136068
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
包剑英
赵显福
于冰
李亚东
孙远慧
刘夕全
李云峰
辛鹏
吕涛
吕晓辉
Original Assignee
山东海洋能源有限公司
山东海洋工程装备有限公司
山东海洋工程装备研究院有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201911394244.1A external-priority patent/CN111038662A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201922435538.6U external-priority patent/CN211364878U/zh
Application filed by 山东海洋能源有限公司, 山东海洋工程装备有限公司, 山东海洋工程装备研究院有限公司 filed Critical 山东海洋能源有限公司
Priority to EP20910667.3A priority Critical patent/EP4053012B1/en
Publication of WO2021135903A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021135903A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B75/00Building or assembling floating offshore structures, e.g. semi-submersible platforms, SPAR platforms or wind turbine platforms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/10Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of cranes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63CLAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C7/00Salvaging of disabled, stranded, or sunken vessels; Salvaging of vessel parts or furnishings, e.g. of safes; Salvaging of other underwater objects
    • B63C7/006Emptying the contents of sunken, stranded, or disabled vessels, e.g. by engaging the vessel; Underwater collecting of buoyant contents, such as liquid, particulate or gaseous contents, escaping from sunken vessels, e.g. using funnels, or tents for recovery of escaping hydrocarbons

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  • the invention relates to an integrated disassembly and assembly system and method for large-scale offshore structures, and belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering.
  • the present invention proposes an integrated disassembly system and disassembly method for large-scale offshore structures.
  • the lifting operation is jointly completed through the rapid discharging of the hull and the rapid lifting of the lifting arm hydraulic system. , So that the entire disassembly process takes a short time and is highly efficient.
  • the integrated disassembly and assembly system for large-scale offshore structures of the present invention includes semi-submersible ship I, semi-submersible ship II, lifting arm I, lifting arm II and offshore structures, support I and support of lifting arm I
  • Seat II is installed on the semi-submersible ship I by bolts, the support I and the support II of the lifting arm II are installed on the semi-submersible ship II by bolts;
  • several lifting arms I are arranged in parallel on the semi-submersible ship I,
  • lifting arm I and lifting arm II have a lifting system with three-way motion compensation function, the lifting system has a locking mechanism; before lifting, the lifting arm I It moves with the lifting arm II locking mechanism, and the lifting arm I and lifting arm II are locked in the front and rear, left and right directions; the lifting mechanism works at the same time to lift the offshore structure.
  • the lifting system with three-way motion compensation function further includes a mobile trolley I and a mobile trolley II.
  • the bottom of the front end of the lifting arm I/lifting arm II is installed at the upper end of the mobile trolley I, and the lifting arm I/lifting arm
  • the rear end of II is installed on the upper end of mobile car II, the lower end of mobile car I is installed on support I, the lower end of mobile car II is installed on support II, support I and support II are respectively fixed to semi-submersible ship I and semi-submersible ship On II; the lifting mechanism that drives the lift to move up and down is hinged to the front end of the lifting arm I/lifting arm II.
  • both the mobile trolley I and the mobile trolley II are equipped with a traveling wheel set and a traveling wheel, wherein the traveling wheel set is installed in the rail where the lifting arm I/lifting arm II plays the role of restraining the main arm up and down,
  • the walking wheel is installed on the track of the support I or the support II; the lifting arm I/lifting arm II moves left and right through the walking wheel set; the lifting arm I/lifting arm II moves back and forth through the walking wheel;
  • the upper end of the mobile trolley I is equipped with a locking mechanism that meshes with the fixed rack of the lifting arm I/the lifting arm II, and the lower end of the mobile trolley I is installed with a locking mechanism that meshes with the fixed rack of the lifting support I.
  • the locking mechanism includes a locking rack with an inverted trapezoidal cross-section, the locking rack is located on one side of the fixed rack, and the bottom of the locking rack is hinged with two adjusting hydraulic cylinders. It has a certain included angle and is arranged in a figure eight shape; the locking rack is movably provided with two locking sliders on the left and right sides, and the locking slider slides unidirectionally along the slideway, and is provided with an inclined surface that matches with the locking rack; The cylinder pushes the locking rack into the fixed rack.
  • the locking rack and the fixed rack are meshed with each other.
  • the two locking sliders approach the locking rack, and the slopes of the two locking sliders are connected to the locking rack. Slope fit.
  • DP systems are installed on the semi-submersible ship I and semi-submersible ship II, and the semi-submersible ship I and semi-submersible ship II are respectively positioned on both sides of the offshore structure.
  • the DP system positioning and the compensation function of the lifting arm jointly realize that the lifting mechanism is stationary relative to the offshore structure before lifting.
  • the integrated disassembly and assembly system further includes a semi-submersible ship III.
  • the lifting arms on the semi-submersible ship I and the semi-submersible ship II act at the same time to unload marine structures onto the semi-submersible ship III.
  • the semi-submersible vessel I and the semi-submersible vessel II are equipped with several controllable cabins, and the draft of the cabins is controlled by a pneumatic pump.
  • the cabin body is divided into a bottom cabin body, and a middle cabin body, a left side cabin body and a right side cabin body located above the bottom cabin body, wherein the left side cabin body and the right side cabin body are further divided into high position cabins And lower cabin.
  • the disassembly and assembly method of the integrated disassembly and assembly system for large-scale offshore structures of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Before the joint lift, the ballast of the semi-submersible vessel I and semi-submersible vessel II reaches the specified draft;
  • Step 2 At the beginning of the joint lifting, the whole ship can carry 90% of the weight of the lifted offshore structure under the condition of constant draft by pneumatically quickly discharging the load;
  • Step 3 During joint lifting, the lifting arm I and lifting arm II on the semi-submersible ship I and semi-submersible ship II instantly lift the offshore structure to the specified height, and at the same time pneumatically add gravity to drop the ballast water from the upper tank Transfer to the lower tank to complete the leveling of offshore structures and hulls;
  • Step 4 In the process of unloading offshore structures, the ballast water is quickly transferred from the upper tank to the lower tank, so that the hull is always in a leveled state.
  • the present invention consists of two ships working together, and theoretically is not limited by the size of offshore structures.
  • the number of lifting arms on the two ships of the present invention can be adjusted according to the weight of the offshore structure.
  • the extension length and position of the lifting arms can be adjusted according to the structure and space of the offshore structure.
  • the present invention uses the DP system positioning of the semi-submersible ship and the compensation function of the lifting arm to jointly realize the static of the offshore structure relative to the offshore structure before the lifting.
  • the lifting arm of the present invention is fixed and installed with the hull through bolts. When disassembly and assembly are not required, the lifting arm can be removed, and the semi-submersible ship can be used as a transport ship.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a lifting system with three-way motion compensation.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the upper part of the mobile trolley I.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the bottom of the mobile trolley I.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the locking mechanism.
  • Figure 6 is one of the state diagrams of semi-submersible ship I and semi-submersible ship II.
  • Figure 7 is the second state diagram of semi-submersible ship I and semi-submersible ship II.
  • Figure 8 is a state diagram of the semi-submersible ship III.
  • Figure 9 (a)- Figure 9 (d) are state diagrams of different steps of ballast water load adjustment.
  • FIG. 1 to 8 it includes semi-submersible vessel I1, semi-submersible vessel II3, lifting arm I2, lifting arm II4 and offshore structure 5, support I6 and support II7 of lifting arm I2, through bolts Installed on the semi-submersible ship I1, the support I6 and support II7 of the lifting arm II4 are installed on the semi-submersible ship II3 by bolts; several lifting arms I2 are arranged in parallel on the semi-submersible ship I1 and the semi-submersible ship II3 Several lifting arms II 4 are arranged in parallel; lifting arm I 2 and lifting arm II 4 have a lifting system with three-way motion compensation function, and the lifting system has a locking mechanism; before lifting, lifting arm I 2 and lifting arm II 4 The locking mechanism moves, and the lifting arm I2 and the lifting arm II4 are locked in front and rear, left and right directions; the lifting mechanism 8 moves at the same time to lift the offshore structure 5.
  • the lifting system with three-way motion compensation function also includes a mobile trolley I10 and a mobile trolley II11.
  • the bottom of the front end of the lifting arm I2/lifting arm II4 is installed on the upper end of the mobile trolley I10, and the lifting arm I2/
  • the rear end of the lifting arm II4 is installed on the upper end of the mobile car II11, the lower end of the mobile car I10 is installed on the support I6, the lower end of the mobile car II11 is installed on the support II7, the support I6 and the support II7 are respectively fixed to the semi-submersible ship I1 and On the semi-submersible ship II3; the lifting mechanism 8 which drives the lift to move up and down is hinged to the front end of the lifting arm I2/lifting arm II4.
  • both the mobile trolley I10 and the mobile trolley II11 are equipped with traveling wheels and traveling wheels.
  • the traveling wheel group is installed on the lifting arm I2/lifting arm II4 to restrain the main body up and down.
  • the walking wheel is installed on the track of the support I6 or the support II7;
  • the lifting arm I2/lifting arm II4 moves left and right through the walking wheel set;
  • the lifting arm I2/lifting arm II4 passes the front and rear of the walking wheel Mobile;
  • the upper end of the mobile trolley I 10 is equipped with a locking mechanism that meshes with the fixed rack 13 of the lifting arm I 2 / lifting arm II 4, and the lower end of the mobile trolley I 10 is installed with a lock that meshes with the fixed rack 13 of the lifting support I 6 Tight institutions.
  • the locking mechanism includes a locking rack 12 with an inverted trapezoidal cross-section.
  • the locking rack 12 is located on the side of the fixed rack 13, and the bottom of the locking rack 12 is hinged with two adjusting liquid cylinders. 14.
  • Adjust the hydraulic cylinders with a certain included angle and are arranged in a figure eight shape;
  • the locking rack 12 is movably provided with two locking sliders 15 on the left and right sides, and the locking slider 15 slides unidirectionally along the slideway, and is provided with The inclined surface of the locking rack 12;
  • the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 14 pushes the locking rack 12 into the fixed rack 13, the locking rack 12 and the fixed rack 13 are meshed with each other, and the two locking sliders 15 are locked to each other
  • the rack 12 is close, and the inclined surfaces of the two locking sliders 15 are in contact with the inclined surfaces of the locking rack 12.
  • the semi-submersible vessel I1 and the semi-submersible vessel II3 are equipped with DP systems, and the semi-submersible vessel I1 and the semi-submersible vessel II3 are respectively positioned on both sides of the offshore structure 5.
  • the DP system positioning and the compensation function of the lifting arm jointly realize that the offshore structure 5 is stationary relative to the offshore structure 5 before lifting.
  • the integrated disassembly and assembly system also includes semi-submersible ship III9.
  • the lifting arms on semi-submersible ship I1 and semi-submersible ship II3 act simultaneously to unload offshore structures 5 to semi-submersible ship III9. on.
  • the semi-submersible ship I1 and the semi-submersible ship II3 are equipped with a number of controllable cabins, and the draft of the cabins is controlled by a pneumatic pump.
  • the cabin is divided into a bottom cabin, and a middle cabin above the bottom cabin, a left side cabin and a right side cabin, where the left side
  • the cabin body and the right cabin body are divided into high cabin and low cabin.
  • the application process of the present invention is as follows: when disassembling the offshore structure 5, the semi-submersible vessel I1 and the semi-submersible vessel II3 approach the marine structure 5 from both sides of the marine structure 5, and pass through the DP system of the semi-submersible vessel. Locate the positions of the two semi-submersible vessels relative to the offshore structure 5.
  • the lifting arm I2 and the lifting arm II4 reach the lifting point of the offshore structure 5 by moving back and forth, left and right. Because the DP system of the semi-submersible vessel alone is not enough to make the offshore structure 5 stationary, the lifting needs to be started at this time Three-direction compensation function of the arm.
  • the semi-submersible vessel I1 and semi-submersible vessel II3 are loaded, and 5% of the load of the offshore structure is transferred to the lifting arm and the semi-submersible vessel.
  • the lifting arm I2 and lifting arm II4 locking mechanism act to lift. Arm I2 and lifting arm II4 are locked in front and rear, left and right directions.
  • the lifting mechanism 8 operates at the same time to quickly lift the offshore structure 5.
  • the semi-submersible ship I1 and semi-submersible ship II3 carry the offshore structure 5 and move synchronously, leaving the support position of the offshore structure 5, the semi-submersible ship III 9 moves between the semi-submersible ship I 1 and the semi-submersible ship II 3, ready to be loaded and disassembled
  • the lifting arms on the semi-submersible ship I1 and the semi-submersible ship II 3 act at the same time to unload the maritime structure 5 onto the semi-submersible ship III 9, and the semi-submersible ship III 9 will load the offshore structure 5 and transport it back to the dock. Sliding ashore.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated disassembly and assembly method for large-scale offshore structures 5, which can realize the disassembly or installation of offshore structures 5 such as jacket platforms, pile-group platforms, and leg-column platforms, and is especially suitable for Dismantling or installation of oversized platform blocks weighing more than ton.
  • Step 1 Before the joint lift, the ballast of the semi-submersible vessel I1 and semi-submersible vessel II3 reaches the specified draught, as shown in Figure 9(a);
  • Step 2 At the beginning of the joint lifting, the whole ship can carry 90% of the weight of the lifted offshore structure 5 under the condition of constant draft by pneumatic fast discharging, as shown in Figure 9(b);
  • Step 3 Joint lifting, the semi-submersible ship I1 and semi-submersible ship II 3 lift the weight instantly to the specified height by the upper boom, and at the same time, the ballast water is transferred from the high-level tank to the low-level tank by pneumatic and gravity falling to complete the offshore structure 5 and the leveling of the hull, as shown in Figure 9(c);
  • Step 4 In the process of unloading the offshore structure 5, the ballast water is quickly transferred from the upper tank to the lower tank, so that the hull is always kept in a leveled state, as shown in Figure 9(d).
  • the present invention is composed of two ships working together, and theoretically, it is not limited by the size of the offshore structure 5.
  • the number of lifting arms on the two ships of the present invention can be adjusted according to the weight of the offshore structure 5.
  • the extension length and position of the lifting arms can be adjusted according to the structure and space of the offshore structure 5.
  • the present invention uses the DP system positioning of the semi-submersible ship and the compensation function of the lifting arm to jointly realize that the offshore structure 5 is stationary before lifting.
  • the lifting arm of the present invention is fixedly installed with the hull of the ship by bolts. When disassembly and assembly are not required, the lifting arm can be removed, and the semi-submersible ship can be used as a transport ship.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
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Abstract

一种大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统及拆装方法,包括半潜船Ⅰ(1)、半潜船Ⅱ(3)、举升臂Ⅰ(2)、举升臂Ⅱ(4)和海上结构物(5),举升臂Ⅰ(2)的支座Ⅰ(6)及支座Ⅱ(7),通过螺栓安装于半潜船Ⅰ(1)上,举升臂Ⅱ(4)的支座Ⅰ(6)及支座Ⅱ(7),通过螺栓安装于半潜船Ⅱ(3)上;半潜船Ⅰ(1)上平行排列若干条举升臂Ⅰ(2),半潜船Ⅱ(3)上平行排列若干条举升臂Ⅱ(4);举升臂Ⅰ(2)与举升臂Ⅱ(4)带有三向移动补偿功能的举升系统,举升系统带有锁紧机构;抬升前,举升臂Ⅰ(2)与举升臂Ⅱ(4)锁紧机构动作,举升臂Ⅰ(2)与举升臂Ⅱ(4)前后、左右两方向锁紧;举升机构(8)同时动作,将海上结构物(5)抬起。通过船体的快速排载及举升臂液压系统的快速举升共同完成举升作业,使整个拆解过程用时短,效率高。

Description

大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统及拆装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统及拆装方法,属于海洋工程技术领域。
背景技术
目前,世界上海上小型油田设施已经有了比较成熟的拆解及安装方式,通常采用浮吊吊装作业方式进行拆解或安装。但以欧洲北海为代表的主流海洋油田设施显著呈现大型化、复杂化特性,对其进行拆解或安装通常采用分块吊装及单船浮托法。分块吊装需在海上进行整体对接和系统调试,所需时间长,且海上调试费用远高于陆上调试费用。单船浮托法对于超过10000吨的超大型海洋平台又有很大的局限性。首先,其将受到单船载重的制约,另外,平台跨度、支撑结构及空间等限制了单船浮托法的广泛适用性。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述缺陷,本发明提出了一种大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统及拆装方法,通过船体的快速排载及举升臂液压系统的快速举升共同完成举升作业,使整个拆解过程用时短,效率高。
本发明所述的大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统,包括半潜船Ⅰ、半潜船Ⅱ、举升臂Ⅰ、举升臂Ⅱ和海上结构物,举升臂Ⅰ的支座Ⅰ及支座Ⅱ,通过螺栓安装于半潜船Ⅰ上,举升臂Ⅱ的支座Ⅰ及支座Ⅱ,通过螺栓安装于半潜船Ⅱ上;半潜船Ⅰ上平行排列若干条举升臂Ⅰ,半潜船Ⅱ上平行排列若干条举升臂Ⅱ;举升臂Ⅰ与举升臂Ⅱ带有三向移动补偿功能的举升系统,举升系统带有锁紧机构;抬升前,举升臂Ⅰ与举升臂Ⅱ锁紧机构动作,举升臂Ⅰ与举升臂Ⅱ前后、左右两方向锁紧;举升机构同时动作,将海上结构物抬起。
优选地,所述三向移动补偿功能的举升系统还包括移动小车Ⅰ和移动小车Ⅱ,举升臂Ⅰ/举升臂Ⅱ前端底部安装在移动小车Ⅰ上端,举升臂Ⅰ/举升臂Ⅱ后端安装在移动小车Ⅱ上端,移动小车Ⅰ下端安装在支座Ⅰ上,移动小车Ⅱ下端安装在支座Ⅱ上,支座Ⅰ及支座Ⅱ分别固定于半潜船Ⅰ和半潜船Ⅱ上;带动举升物上下移动的举升机构铰接于举升臂Ⅰ/举升臂Ⅱ前端。
优选地,所述移动小车Ⅰ和移动小车Ⅱ上均装有行走轮组和行走轮,其中,行走轮组安装于举升臂Ⅰ/举升臂Ⅱ起到上下约束主臂作用的轨道内,行走轮安装于支座Ⅰ或者支座Ⅱ的轨道上;举升臂Ⅰ/举升臂Ⅱ通过行走轮组左右移动;举升臂Ⅰ/举升臂Ⅱ通过行走轮前后移动;
移动小车Ⅰ上端安装有与举升臂Ⅰ/举升臂Ⅱ的固定齿条相互啮合的锁紧机构,移动小车 Ⅰ下端安装有与举支座Ⅰ的固定齿条相互啮合的锁紧机构。
优选地,所述锁紧机构包括截面呈倒梯形设置的锁紧齿条,锁紧齿条位于固定齿条一侧,锁紧齿条底部铰接有两个调整液缸,调整液压缸之间带一定夹角且呈八字型布置;锁紧齿条左右活动设置有两个锁紧滑块,锁紧滑块沿滑道单向滑动,且设置有与锁紧齿条相配合的斜面;调整液缸将锁紧齿条推入固定齿条,锁紧齿条与固定齿条相互啮合,两个锁紧滑块向锁紧齿条靠近,两个锁紧滑块的斜面与锁紧齿条的斜面贴合。
优选地,所述半潜船Ⅰ、半潜船Ⅱ上安装有DP系统,半潜船Ⅰ、半潜船Ⅱ分别定位于海上结构物两侧。
优选地,所述DP系统定位及起升臂的补偿功能共同实现在举升之前,举升机构相对于海上结构物静止。
优选地,所述一体化拆装系统还包括半潜船Ⅲ,半潜船Ⅰ和半潜船Ⅱ上的举升臂同时动作将海上结构物卸载到半潜船Ⅲ上。
优选地,所述半潜船Ⅰ、半潜船Ⅱ安装有若干可控的舱体,舱体的吃水量由气动泵控制。
优选地,所述舱体分为底部舱体,以及位于底部舱体上方的中间舱体、左侧舱体和右侧舱体,其中,左侧舱体和右侧舱体又分为高位舱和低位舱。
本发明所述的大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统的拆装方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:联合举升前,半潜船Ⅰ、半潜船Ⅱ压载达到指定吃水量;
步骤二:联合举升开始,通过气动快速排载,使整船在吃水不变的情况下,承载90%的被举升海上结构物重量;
步骤三:联合举升时,半潜船Ⅰ、半潜船Ⅱ上的举升臂Ⅰ和举升臂Ⅱ瞬时举升海上结构物至指定高度,同时气动加重力落水使压载水从高位舱向低位舱转移,完成海上结构物和船体的调平;
步骤四:卸载海上结构物过程中,通过压载水从高位舱向低位舱快速转移,使船体始终保持调平状态。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明由两条船共同作用,理论上不受海上结构物尺寸的限制。
(2)本发明两条船上的举升臂数量,可根据海上结构物的重量,调整,举升臂伸出长度及所处位置,可根据海上结构物的结构、空间调整。
(3)本发明通过半潜船自带的DP系统定位及起升臂的补偿功能共同实现在举升之前,海上结构物相对于海上结构物的静止。
(4)本发明举升臂与船体通过螺栓固定安装,当不需要拆装时,可拆掉举升臂,半潜船 可作为运输船使用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图2是三向移动补偿功能的举升系统的结构示意图。
图3是移动小车Ⅰ上部的立体图。
图4是移动小车Ⅰ底部的立体图。
图5是锁紧机构的结构示意图。
图6是半潜船Ⅰ、半潜船Ⅱ状态图之一。
图7是半潜船Ⅰ、半潜船Ⅱ状态图之二。
图8是半潜船Ⅲ的状态图。
图9(a)-图9(d)是压载水调载不同步骤的状态图。
图中:1、半潜船Ⅰ;2、举升臂Ⅰ;3、半潜船Ⅱ;4、举升臂Ⅱ;5、海上结构物;6、支座Ⅰ;7、支座Ⅱ;8、举升机构;9、半潜船Ⅲ;10、移动小车Ⅰ;11、移动小车Ⅱ;12、锁紧齿条;13、固定齿条;14、调整液缸;15、锁紧滑块。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
如图1至图8所示,包括半潜船Ⅰ1、半潜船Ⅱ3、举升臂Ⅰ2、举升臂Ⅱ4和海上结构物5,举升臂Ⅰ2的支座Ⅰ6及支座Ⅱ7,通过螺栓安装于半潜船Ⅰ1上,举升臂Ⅱ4的支座Ⅰ6及支座Ⅱ7,通过螺栓安装于半潜船Ⅱ3上;半潜船Ⅰ1上平行排列若干条举升臂Ⅰ2,半潜船Ⅱ3上平行排列若干条举升臂Ⅱ4;举升臂Ⅰ2与举升臂Ⅱ4带有三向移动补偿功能的举升系统,举升系统带有锁紧机构;抬升前,举升臂Ⅰ2与举升臂Ⅱ4锁紧机构动作,举升臂Ⅰ2与举升臂Ⅱ4前后、左右两方向锁紧;举升机构8同时动作,将海上结构物5抬起。
如图2所示,所述三向移动补偿功能的举升系统还包括移动小车Ⅰ10和移动小车Ⅱ11,举升臂Ⅰ2/举升臂Ⅱ4前端底部安装在移动小车Ⅰ10上端,举升臂Ⅰ2/举升臂Ⅱ4后端安装在移动小车Ⅱ11上端,移动小车Ⅰ10下端安装在支座Ⅰ6上,移动小车Ⅱ11下端安装在支座Ⅱ7上,支座Ⅰ6及支座Ⅱ7分别固定于半潜船Ⅰ1和半潜船Ⅱ3上;带动举升物上下移动的举升机构8铰接于举升臂Ⅰ2/举升臂Ⅱ4前端。
如图3和图4所示,所述移动小车Ⅰ10和移动小车Ⅱ11上均装有行走轮组和行走轮,其中,行走轮组安装于举升臂Ⅰ2/举升臂Ⅱ4起到上下约束主臂作用的轨道内,行走轮安装于支座Ⅰ6或者支座Ⅱ7的轨道上;举升臂Ⅰ2/举升臂Ⅱ4通过行走轮组左右移动;举升臂Ⅰ2/举升臂Ⅱ4通过行走轮前后移动;移动小车Ⅰ10上端安装有与举升臂Ⅰ2/举升臂Ⅱ4的固定齿条13相互啮合的锁紧机构,移动小车Ⅰ10下端安装有与举支座Ⅰ6的固定齿条13相互啮合的锁紧机构。
如图5所示,所述锁紧机构包括截面呈倒梯形设置的锁紧齿条12,锁紧齿条12位于固定齿条13一侧,锁紧齿条12底部铰接有两个调整液缸14,调整液压缸之间带一定夹角且呈八字型布置;锁紧齿条12左右活动设置有两个锁紧滑块15,锁紧滑块15沿滑道单向滑动,且设置有与锁紧齿条12相配合的斜面;调整液缸14将锁紧齿条12推入固定齿条13,锁紧齿条12与固定齿条13相互啮合,两个锁紧滑块15向锁紧齿条12靠近,两个锁紧滑块15的斜面与锁紧齿条12的斜面贴合。
如图6所示,所述半潜船Ⅰ1、半潜船Ⅱ3上安装有DP系统,半潜船Ⅰ1、半潜船Ⅱ3分别定位于海上结构物5两侧。
所述DP系统定位及起升臂的补偿功能共同实现在举升之前,海上结构物5相对于海上结构物5静止。
如图7至图8所示,所述一体化拆装系统还包括半潜船Ⅲ9,半潜船Ⅰ1和半潜船Ⅱ3上的举升臂同时动作将海上结构物5卸载到半潜船Ⅲ9上。
所述半潜船Ⅰ1、半潜船Ⅱ3安装有若干可控的舱体,舱体的吃水量由气动泵控制。
如图9(a)至图9(d)所示,所述舱体分为底部舱体,以及位于底部舱体上方的中间舱体、左侧舱体和右侧舱体,其中,左侧舱体和右侧舱体又分为高位舱和低位舱。
本发明的使用过程如下所示:对海上结构物5拆解时,半潜船Ⅰ1、半潜船Ⅱ3从海上结构物5两侧靠近海上结构物5,通过半潜船自带的DP系统,定位两条半潜船相对于海上结构物5的位置。举升臂Ⅰ2、举升臂Ⅱ4通过前后左右运动到达海上结构物5的举升点,由于仅通过半潜船自带的DP系统定位不足以使海上结构物5静止,此时需启动举升臂的三方向补偿功能。半潜船Ⅰ1、半潜船Ⅱ3排载,将海上结构物5%的载荷转移到举升臂及半潜船上,在抬升前,举升臂Ⅰ2、举升臂Ⅱ4锁紧机构动作,举升臂Ⅰ2、举升臂Ⅱ4前后,左右两方向锁紧。举升机构8同时动作,快速将海上结构物5举起。半潜船Ⅰ1、半潜船Ⅱ3承载海上结构物5,同步运动,离开海上结构物5的支持位置,半潜船Ⅲ9移动至半潜船Ⅰ1和半潜船Ⅱ3之间,准备装载已经拆解的海上结构物5,半潜船Ⅰ1和半潜船Ⅱ3上的举升臂同时动作将海上结构物5卸载到半潜船Ⅲ9上,半潜船Ⅲ9将装载海上结构物5,运回码头,滑移上岸。
实施例2:
本发明的目的是提供一种大型海上结构物5一体化拆装方法,可实现对导管架平台、群桩式平台、腿柱式平台等海上结构物5的拆解或安装作业,尤其适用于重量超过吨的超大型平台组块的拆解或安装作业。
本发明所述的海上油田设施一体化拆装系统的拆装方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:联合举升前,半潜船Ⅰ1、半潜船Ⅱ3压载达到指定吃水量,如图9(a)所示;
步骤二:联合举升开始,通过气动快速排载,使整船在吃水不变的情况下,承载90%的被举升海上结构物5重量,如图9(b)所示;
步骤三:联合举升,半潜船Ⅰ1、半潜船Ⅱ3上举升臂瞬时举升重物至指定高度,同时气动加重力落水使压载水从高位舱向低位舱转移,完成海上结构物5和船体的调平,如图9(c)所示;
步骤四:卸载海上结构物5过程中,通过压载水从高位舱向低位舱快速转移,使船体始终保持调平状态,如图9(d)所示。
(1)本发明由两条船共同作用,理论上不受海上结构物5尺寸的限制。
(2)本发明两条船上的举升臂数量,可根据海上结构物5的重量,调整,举升臂伸出长度及所处位置,可根据海上结构物5的结构、空间调整。
(3)本发明通过半潜船自带的DP系统定位及起升臂的补偿功能共同实现在举升之前,海上结构物5静止。
(4)本发明举升臂与船体通过螺栓固定安装,当不需要拆装时,可拆掉举升臂,半潜船可作为运输船使用。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统,包括半潜船Ⅰ(1)、半潜船Ⅱ(3)、举升臂Ⅰ(2)、举升臂Ⅱ(4)和海上结构物(5),其特征在于,举升臂Ⅰ(2)的支座Ⅰ(6)及支座Ⅱ(7),通过螺栓安装于半潜船Ⅰ(1)上,举升臂Ⅱ(4)的支座Ⅰ(6)及支座Ⅱ(7),通过螺栓安装于半潜船Ⅱ(3)上;半潜船Ⅰ(1)上平行排列若干条举升臂Ⅰ(2),半潜船Ⅱ(3)上平行排列若干条举升臂Ⅱ(4);举升臂Ⅰ(2)与举升臂Ⅱ(4)带有三向移动补偿功能的举升系统,举升系统带有锁紧机构;抬升前,举升臂Ⅰ(2)与举升臂Ⅱ(4)锁紧机构动作,举升臂Ⅰ(2)与举升臂Ⅱ(4)前后、左右两方向锁紧;举升机构(8)同时动作,将海上结构物(5)抬起。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统,其特征在于,所述三向移动补偿功能的举升系统还包括移动小车Ⅰ(10)和移动小车Ⅱ(11),举升臂Ⅰ(2)/举升臂Ⅱ(4)前端底部安装在移动小车Ⅰ(10)上端,举升臂Ⅰ(2)/举升臂Ⅱ(4)后端安装在移动小车Ⅱ(11)上端,移动小车Ⅰ(10)下端安装在支座Ⅰ(6)上,移动小车Ⅱ(11)下端安装在支座Ⅱ(7)上,支座Ⅰ(6)及支座Ⅱ(7)分别固定于半潜船Ⅰ(1)和半潜船Ⅱ(3)上;带动举升物上下移动的举升机构(8)铰接于举升臂Ⅰ(2)/举升臂Ⅱ(4)前端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统,其特征在于,所述移动小车Ⅰ(10)和移动小车Ⅱ(11)上均装有行走轮组和行走轮,其中,行走轮组安装于举升臂Ⅰ(2)/举升臂Ⅱ(4)起到上下约束主臂作用的轨道内,行走轮安装于支座Ⅰ(6)或者支座Ⅱ(7)的轨道上;举升臂Ⅰ(2)/举升臂Ⅱ(4)通过行走轮组左右移动;举升臂Ⅰ(2)/举升臂Ⅱ(4)通过行走轮前后移动;
    移动小车Ⅰ(10)上端安装有与举升臂Ⅰ(2)/举升臂Ⅱ(4)的固定齿条(13)相互啮合的锁紧机构,移动小车Ⅰ(10)下端安装有与举支座Ⅰ(6)的固定齿条(13)相互啮合的锁紧机构。
  4. 根据权利要求3或所述的大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统,其特征在于,所述锁紧机构包括截面呈倒梯形设置的锁紧齿条(12),锁紧齿条(12)位于固定齿条(13)一侧,锁紧齿条(12)底部铰接有两个调整液缸(14),调整液压缸之间带一定夹角且呈八字型布置;锁紧齿条(12)左右活动设置有两个锁紧滑块(15),锁紧滑块(15)沿滑道单向滑动,且设置有与锁紧齿条(12)相配合的斜面;调整液缸(14)将锁紧齿条(12)推入固定齿条(13),锁紧齿条(12)与固定齿条(13)相互啮合,两个锁紧滑块(15)向锁紧齿条(12)靠近,两个锁紧滑块(15)的斜面与锁紧齿条(12)的斜面贴合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统,其特征在于,所述半潜船Ⅰ(1)、半潜船Ⅱ(3)上安装有DP系统,半潜船Ⅰ(1)、半潜船Ⅱ(3)分别定位于海上结构物(5)两侧。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统,其特征在于,所述DP系统定 位及起升臂的补偿功能共同实现在举升之前,举升机构(8)相对于海上结构物(5)静止。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统,其特征在于,所述一体化拆装系统还包括半潜船Ⅲ(9),半潜船Ⅰ(1)和半潜船Ⅱ(3)上的举升臂同时动作将海上结构物(5)卸载到半潜船Ⅲ(9)上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统,其特征在于,所述半潜船Ⅰ(1)、半潜船Ⅱ(3)安装有若干可控的舱体,舱体的吃水量由气动泵控制。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统,其特征在于,所述舱体分为底部舱体,以及位于底部舱体上方的中间舱体、左侧舱体和右侧舱体,其中,左侧舱体和右侧舱体又分为高位舱和低位舱。
  10. 一种基于权利要求1~9任意一项所述的大型海上结构物一体化拆装系统的拆装方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    步骤一:联合举升前,半潜船Ⅰ(1)、半潜船Ⅱ(3)压载达到指定吃水量;
    步骤二:联合举升开始,通过气动快速排载,使整船在吃水不变的情况下,承载90%的被举升海上结构物(5)重量;
    步骤三:联合举升时,半潜船Ⅰ(1)、半潜船Ⅱ(3)上的举升臂Ⅰ(2)和举升臂Ⅱ(4)瞬时举升海上结构物(5)至指定高度,同时气动加重力落水使压载水从高位舱向低位舱转移,完成海上结构物(5)和船体的调平;
    步骤四:卸载海上结构物(5)过程中,通过压载水从高位舱向低位舱快速转移,使船体始终保持调平状态。
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