WO2021115398A1 - 增程式电动汽车动力系统 - Google Patents

增程式电动汽车动力系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021115398A1
WO2021115398A1 PCT/CN2020/135497 CN2020135497W WO2021115398A1 WO 2021115398 A1 WO2021115398 A1 WO 2021115398A1 CN 2020135497 W CN2020135497 W CN 2020135497W WO 2021115398 A1 WO2021115398 A1 WO 2021115398A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
range
extended
battery pack
main
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PCT/CN2020/135497
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林炜
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上海万纬商务咨询有限公司
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Priority to CN202090000998.4U priority Critical patent/CN219133868U/zh
Publication of WO2021115398A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021115398A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to automobile technology, in particular to the technology of an extended-range electric vehicle power system.
  • the current extended-range electric vehicle power system such as the extended-range electric vehicle disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN103419675A (a method for operating an extended-range electric vehicle), includes a motor controller and power battery packs electrically connected to the motor controllers. , Range extender and drive motor.
  • the range extender electric vehicle is driven by a drive motor and a transmission system with an automatic gearbox to drive the wheels.
  • the range extender composed of an engine and a starter generator unit only provides power to the system and does not directly participate in driving the vehicle.
  • the power battery pack is an energy storage device , To store the electric energy generated from the grid, range extender and braking energy recovery.
  • the electric energy required for vehicle driving is provided by the power battery pack or the range extender alone, or the power battery pack and the range extender are jointly provided.
  • the power transmission system of an extended-range electric vehicle is mainly composed of a drive motor system, a power supply system, a range extender and a vehicle controller. Compared with a pure electric vehicle, a range extender is added. From the title of the book: Introduction to New Energy Vehicles (Second Edition); Published and distributed by Peking University Press; Standard Book Number, ISBN978-7-301-31007-6.15 August 2nd Edition; edited by Cui Shengmin; 2.2 Extended Range Electric Vehicle P29.
  • the current extended-range electric vehicle power system is shown in Figure 7, including the main motor (ie drive motor) used to drive the vehicle body, and the main battery pack (ie power battery pack) that provides power to the main motor, and the extended range And a control unit (ie, a motor controller) for controlling the operation of the main battery pack and range extender, wherein the control unit (ie, the motor controller) is electrically connected to the main battery pack (ie, power battery pack) and the range extender, respectively.
  • the range extender includes a fuel engine and a generator; the range extender can provide power to the main motor and/or charge the main battery pack under the control of the control unit .
  • the charging time is too long, and the number of charging piles is insufficient, which makes charging difficult and inconvenient to use.
  • manufacturers have provided services for directly replacing battery packs, due to the large size and complex structure of the battery packs, the replacement process generally requires professional equipment and personnel. The replacement process also takes a long time and is costly.
  • the main battery pack of the existing pure electric vehicle is located on the chassis of the vehicle or under the rear seat, which is extremely inconvenient to replace.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a range-extended electric vehicle power system with low manufacturing cost and convenient and quick battery replacement operation.
  • the present invention provides a range-extended electric vehicle power system, including a vehicle body, a main motor for driving the vehicle body, and a main battery pack and a range extender that provide power to the main motor.
  • the vehicle body is provided with a control unit for controlling the operation of the main battery pack and the range extender, and the control unit is respectively connected to the main battery pack, the range extender and the main motor, and is characterized in that: the range extender is a range extender A battery pack, an extended-range battery rack is fixed in the luggage compartment of the vehicle body, and the extended-range battery pack is installed on the extended-range battery rack in a pluggable manner, and the extended-range battery pack can be controlled by the control unit.
  • the main motor provides power and/or charges the main battery pack.
  • the extended-range battery pack is composed of a battery frame and at least one battery module, the battery frame is installed on the extended-range battery rack in a pluggable manner, and the battery frame is provided with a plurality of battery slots, and the extended-range battery Each battery module in the group is inserted into each battery slot on the battery frame in a pluggable manner.
  • the battery module and the battery slot are respectively equipped with mutually matching electrical connectors, and the extended-range battery rack is connected to each other.
  • the battery frame is also provided with mutually matching electrical connectors, so that the battery module can be connected to the control unit through the joint of the battery module and the electrical connector on the battery frame.
  • control unit is composed of a plurality of mode selection switches and a control module for controlling the on and off of each mode selection switch, and each switch control signal output terminal of the control module is respectively connected to the control terminal of each mode selection switch ;
  • Each battery module in the extended-range battery pack is connected to the main motor through a mode selection switch, and each battery module in the extended-range battery pack is connected to each battery module in the main battery pack through a mode selection switch.
  • the battery modules are respectively connected to the main motor through the mode selection switch;
  • the control module controls the battery modules in the extended-range battery pack to provide power to the main motor and/or charge the battery modules in the main battery pack by controlling the on and off of each mode selection switch;
  • the control module controls the battery modules in the main battery pack to provide power to the main motor by controlling the on and off of each mode selection switch.
  • main battery pack is installed on the chassis of the vehicle body.
  • the battery capacity of the extended range battery pack is 1/7 to 1/2 times the battery capacity of the main battery pack.
  • the luggage compartment is arranged in the front part or/and the rear part of the vehicle body.
  • one end of the battery slot is provided with a battery inlet and outlet, so that the battery module can be drawn out or inserted into the battery slot in a flat direction through the battery inlet and outlet.
  • the notch of the battery slot is opened upward, so that the battery module can be lifted up or inserted into the battery slot through the notch of the battery slot.
  • the extended range battery rack is composed of a fixed base and a sliding bracket, wherein the fixed base is fixed in the luggage compartment of the car, the sliding bracket is installed on the fixed base in a sliding fit, and the sliding bracket can slide to the bottom of the sliding bracket
  • the luggage compartment is partially extended, and the extended-range battery pack is installed on the sliding bracket in a pluggable manner.
  • the extended range battery rack is composed of a fixed base and a sliding bracket, wherein the fixed base is fixed in the luggage compartment of the car, the sliding bracket is installed on the fixed base through a lifting bracket, and the sliding bracket can rise to the outside of the luggage compartment ,
  • the extended range battery pack is installed on the sliding bracket in a pluggable manner.
  • the range-extended electric vehicle power system uses a range-extended battery pack as a range extender, reduces the manufacturing cost of the entire vehicle, and solves the problems of environmental pollution and energy consumption in fuel power generation; and the range-extended battery pack is pluggable It is installed on the extended-range battery rack outside the passenger compartment, and the extended-range battery pack can be replaced by opening the luggage compartment lid. The user can use the self-service replacement without professional equipment and personnel, which is very convenient and fast.
  • the extended-range battery pack is light in weight and is installed outside the passenger compartment. Passengers can replace it without getting off the bus, which greatly saves cost and time.
  • the current pure electric vehicles only have an integral main battery pack, so they must be replaced as a whole, regardless of whether the power in the main battery pack is exhausted, resulting in waste of battery replacement and increasing the cost of battery replacement.
  • the range-extended electric vehicle of the present invention can be replaced when the power of the extended-range battery pack is exhausted, or the battery module or the battery modules that are exhausted in the extended-range battery pack can be replaced separately, which improves the efficiency of battery replacement and the use of batteries. effectiveness.
  • the extended-range electric vehicle power system of the present invention does not change the original main battery pack placed on the chassis and other body structures, ensures the safety of the body structure, and easily enables different brands and models of various car companies to share the power swap resources of the power swap station network, making it convenient to swap stations
  • the realization of standardized services facilitates the cross-model and cross-brand promotion of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an extended-range battery pack provided at the rear of the vehicle body in the power system of an extended-range electric vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the extended-range electric vehicle power system in the first embodiment of the present invention, with an extended-range battery set at the front of the vehicle body;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the extended-range electric vehicle power system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, where extended-range battery packs are provided at the front and rear of the vehicle body at the same time;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the extended-range battery pack in the extended-range electric vehicle power system according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control unit in the power system of the extended-range electric vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working mode of the power system of the extended-range electric vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the working mode of the power system of the extended-range electric vehicle in the prior art
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extended range battery pack in the extended range electric vehicle power system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extended-range battery rack in the extended-range electric vehicle power system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extended-range battery rack in the extended-range electric vehicle power system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extended-range battery rack in the extended-range electric vehicle power system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control unit in the power system of the extended-range electric vehicle according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a range-extended electric vehicle power system provided by the first embodiment of the present invention includes a vehicle body 1 and a main motor (not shown) for driving the vehicle body to travel, and
  • the main battery pack 2 the range extender that provides power to the main motor, is characterized in that: the range extender is an extended range battery pack 3, an extended range battery rack is fixed in the luggage compartment of the vehicle body, and the range extender battery pack 3 It is installed on the extended-range battery rack in an independently pluggable manner.
  • the vehicle body is provided with a control unit for controlling the operation of the main battery pack 2 and the extended-range battery pack 3, and the control units are respectively connected to the main battery pack and the extended-range battery pack.
  • the battery pack and the main motor enable the extended-range battery pack to provide power to the main motor and/or charge the main battery pack under the control of the control unit.
  • the extended-range battery pack is composed of a battery frame 4 and a plurality of battery modules 31, and the battery frame 4 is installed on the extended-range battery rack in a pluggable manner.
  • the battery frame 4 is provided with multiple battery slots.
  • Each battery module 31 in the extended-range battery pack is inserted into each battery slot on the battery frame 4 in a pluggable manner, and the battery module 31 is equipped with a power supply.
  • the handle 32 is grasped by human hands to facilitate the insertion and removal of the battery module.
  • the battery module 31 and the battery slot are respectively provided with matching electrical connectors (for example, an electrical socket is provided on the battery module, and an electrical connector is provided in the battery slot.
  • the battery rack and battery frame 4 are also provided with mutually matching electrical connectors (for example, an electrical socket is provided on the battery frame, and an electrical plug is provided on the battery frame), so that the battery module 31 can
  • the battery module 31 and the electrical connector on the battery frame 4 are connected to the control unit through the joint, and a battery access port is opened at one end of the battery slot, so that the battery module 31 can be drawn out or inserted into the battery slot horizontally through the battery access port.
  • the main battery pack is installed on the chassis of the vehicle body, and the extended-range battery pack is installed in the luggage compartment of the vehicle body.
  • the extended-range battery pack can be easily replaced by opening the luggage compartment lid.
  • Each battery module in the battery pack can also be plugged and pulled out, so that only a single battery module in the battery pack can be replaced, because the replacement of the battery pack can be extracted from the rear (or front) of the car , So it does not affect the placement of luggage items in the luggage compartment of the car body;
  • the luggage compartment of the car body is also equipped with electrical connectors for connecting the extended-range battery pack;
  • the battery capacity of the extended-range battery pack is 10-18 kilowatts
  • the battery capacity of the extended-range battery pack is 1/7 to 1/2 times the battery capacity of the main battery pack.
  • the extended-range battery pack is small in size, light in weight, easy to replace, and can be split into several battery modules, battery modules
  • the single unit is smaller in size and lighter in weight. It can be replaced one by one and even
  • the extended-range battery pack may also consist of only one battery module, and there may also be only one battery slot on the battery frame.
  • the engine of a traditional car has two layouts: a front engine and a rear engine; the engine compartment of a front engine car is set in the front of the car body, and the luggage compartment is set in the rear of the car body.
  • the rear luggage compartment is usually called Trunk: The engine compartment of the rear-engined car is set at the rear of the car body, and the luggage compartment is set at the front of the car body; some pure electric vehicles can be equipped with a luggage compartment at the front and rear of the car body at the same time;
  • the luggage compartment described in the first embodiment of the present invention is provided at the rear of the vehicle body.
  • the luggage compartment can also be provided at the front of the vehicle body (as shown in Figure 2), or at the rear of the vehicle body.
  • the front and rear are set at the same time (as shown in Figure 3).
  • control unit is respectively connected to the main battery pack, the extended-range battery pack and the main motor; so that the extended-range battery pack can be controlled by the control unit to the main motor Provide power and/or charge the main battery pack.
  • both the main battery pack and the extended-range battery pack can be charged using a ground charging pile connected to the power grid when parking for a long time (using the charging pile to charge the on-board battery pack)
  • the technology is a mature technology in the field and will not be repeated in this embodiment)
  • after driving to the replacement station open the luggage compartment to easily and quickly take out the extended-range battery pack from the extended-range battery rack for replacement (replace the used up battery pack)
  • the main battery pack When the power of the extended-range battery pack is less than the preset extended-range power threshold, the main battery pack provides power to the main motor;
  • the first working mode is that the extended-range battery pack provides power to the main motor, and the extended-range battery pack also charges the main battery pack so that the energy of the main battery pack can be supplemented;
  • the second working mode is that the main battery pack provides power to the main motor, and the extended-range battery pack only charges the main battery pack so that the energy of the main battery pack can be supplemented.
  • the control unit is composed of a plurality of mode selection switches and a control module G used to control the on and off of each mode selection switch.
  • the mode selection switches can be electronic switches such as relays and field effect tubes; in Figure 5 Q is the main motor, E1, E2 are the battery modules in the extended-range battery pack, E1', E2', E3' are the battery modules in the main battery pack, all controlled by the control module G, K11, K12, K21, K22 , K11', K12', K21', K22', K31', K32' are all mode selection switches;
  • the control module G may adopt a single-chip microcomputer or a vehicle-mounted trip computer. Each switch control signal output terminal of the control module G is connected to the control terminal of each mode selection switch.
  • the battery modules E1 and E2 in the extended-range battery pack are respectively selected by mode
  • the switches K11 and K21 are connected to the main motor Q, and the battery modules E1 and E2 in the extended-range battery pack are respectively connected to the battery modules E1' and E2' in the main battery pack through the mode selection switches K12, K22, K12', K22', and K32' , E3', the battery modules E1', E2', E3' in the main battery pack are respectively connected to the main motor Q through the mode selection switch, K11', K21', K31', and the control module G controls the on and off of each mode selection switch Realize the control of the main battery pack and extended-range battery pack;
  • the mode selection switches K11, K22, K12', K22', K32' are closed and turned on, and the mode selection switches K12, K21, K11', K21', and K31' are turned off.
  • the extended range battery is used.
  • the battery module E1 in the battery pack drives the main motor Q, and the battery module E2 in the extended-range battery pack connects the battery modules E1', E2', E3 in the main battery pack via the mode selection switches K22, K12', K22', K32' 'Charge;
  • the mode selection switches K12 and K22 are closed and turned on. At this time, select the corresponding mode selection switch to turn on or off, which can make one of the battery modules E1', E2', and E3' in the main battery pack come Drive the main motor Q, and the battery modules E1 and E2 in the extended-range battery pack charge the standby battery modules in the main battery pack, such as the mode selection switches K12, K22, K11', K22', K32' are closed and turned on, When the other mode switches are turned off, the battery module E1' in the main battery pack can drive the main motor Q, while the battery modules E1 and E2 in the extended-range battery pack perform the control on the standby battery modules E2' and E3' in the main battery pack. Recharge.
  • the switch station can send an emergency switchgear to the scene to provide customers with replacement extended-range battery packs for emergency needs.
  • the energy density of the lithium battery is set to 0.2 kWh/kg, one battery module in the extended-range battery pack is about 6 kg, and one extended-range battery pack includes 10 battery modules.
  • the mileage is about 60 kilometers, and the extended mileage of 2 extended-range battery packs is possible for 120 kilometers;
  • each switching station can basically ensure that electric vehicles can continuously replace extended-range battery packs, thereby solving the problem of short cruising range of pure electric vehicles.
  • the extended-range battery pack is much lighter than the main battery pack, its location is also convenient to replace, so that the equipment of the replacement station is simple and low-cost, and the battery modules of the extended-range battery pack can be disassembled and replaced by humans (hands). Operators who lease extended-range battery packs can set up more swap stations to reduce the distance between swap stations, thereby solving the problem of short range of electric vehicles.
  • the extended-range battery pack adopts the power exchange method, there is no need to stop and charge during driving. As long as the battery is stopped and exchanged (exchanging the extended-range battery pack), the problem of increased endurance can be solved.
  • the main battery pack can be charged while driving, which overcomes pure electric power. The problem that the car is stopped for too long to charge and affects the driving;
  • the design capacity of the main battery pack can be relatively small.
  • the battery capacity only needs to be 40-70% of that of a general pure electric vehicle, and there is no need to match a large-capacity power battery (main battery). It can reduce the manufacturing cost of the entire vehicle, facilitate the separation of vehicle and electricity, and buy and rent electricity; and the extended-range battery pack can be used to charge the main battery pack during driving, thereby avoiding the need for the main battery pack to be rushed (quickly). Charging makes the service life of the power battery of the main battery pack prolonged.
  • the electric vehicles of the present invention are only basic passenger vehicles (cars), multi-purpose vehicles (MPV), and sports utility vehicles (SUV) among passenger vehicles; (not including mini-buses and light-duty vehicles with no more than 9 seats) bus).
  • the difference between the second embodiment of the present invention and the first embodiment is that the battery frame structure in the extended-range battery pack is different.
  • the notch of the battery slot is opened upward.
  • the battery module 231 can be lifted up or inserted into the battery slot through the notch of the battery slot.
  • the battery module 231 is also equipped with a handle 232 for human hands to grasp.
  • the battery module 231 and the battery slot are also respectively provided There are mutually matching electrical connectors, and the extended range battery rack and the battery frame 204 are also provided with mutually matching electrical connectors, so that the battery module 231 can be joined by the electrical connectors on the battery module 231 and the battery frame 204 Connect to the control unit.
  • the difference between the third embodiment of the present invention and the first embodiment is that the structure of the extended-range battery rack is different.
  • the extended-range battery rack of the third embodiment is composed of a fixed base 301 and a sliding bracket 302.
  • the fixed base 301 is fixed in the luggage compartment of the car
  • the sliding bracket 302 is installed on the fixed base in a sliding fit, and the sliding bracket 302 can be slid to a part of the sliding bracket that extends out of the luggage compartment.
  • the extended range battery pack 303 is pluggable Mounted on the sliding bracket 302, the structure of the extended-range battery pack in the third embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the difference between the fourth embodiment of the present invention and the second embodiment is: the structure of the extended-range battery rack is different.
  • the extended-range battery rack of the third embodiment is composed of a fixed base 401 and a sliding bracket 402.
  • the fixed base 401 is fixed in the luggage compartment of the car
  • the sliding bracket 402 is installed on the fixed base in a sliding fit
  • the sliding bracket 402 can be slid to a part of the sliding bracket that extends out of the luggage compartment.
  • the extended-range battery pack 403 is pluggable Mounted on the sliding bracket 402, the structure of the extended-range battery pack in the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment.
  • the difference between the fifth embodiment of the present invention and the first embodiment is that the luggage compartment is arranged at the front of the vehicle body, and the structure of the extended-range battery rack is different.
  • the extended-range battery rack of the fifth embodiment is fixed by
  • the base 501 and the sliding bracket 502 are composed of the fixed base 501 fixed in the luggage compartment of the car.
  • the sliding bracket 502 is installed on the fixed base through a lifting bracket 504, and the sliding bracket 502 can rise to the outside of the luggage compartment.
  • 503 is installed on the sliding bracket 502 in a pluggable manner.
  • the structure of the extended-range battery pack in the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the sliding bracket can be moved to the part of the sliding bracket that extends out of the luggage compartment, and then the extended-range battery pack or the battery module in the extended-range battery pack (that is, from Pull out the used extended range battery pack from the sliding bracket to replace it, or pull out the used battery module from the battery frame of the extended range battery pack to replace), and then push in the sliding bracket after the replacement is complete.
  • the extended-range battery pack or battery module can be plugged and unplugged outside the vehicle body, which can avoid the impact on the car shell (surface).
  • the control unit is composed of multiple mode selection switches and a control module G4 for controlling the on and off of each mode selection switch.
  • Q4 in Figure 12 is the main motor
  • E41 is the battery module in the extended range battery pack
  • E43 and E45 are the battery modules in the main battery pack, which are all controlled by the control module G4
  • K41, K42, K43, K44, K45, and K46 are all mode selection switches;
  • the control module G4 can be a single-chip microcomputer or a vehicle-mounted trip computer. Each switch control signal output terminal of the control module G4 is connected to the control terminal of each mode selection switch.
  • the battery module E41 in the extended range battery pack is connected through the mode selection switch K42.
  • the main motor Q, the battery module E41 in the extended range battery pack is connected to the battery modules E43, E45 in the main battery pack through the mode selection switches K41, K43, K45, and the battery modules E43 and E45 in the main battery pack are respectively connected through the mode selection switch K44 , K46 is connected to the main motor Q4, and the control module G4 realizes the control of the main battery pack and the extended-range battery pack by controlling the on and off of each mode selection switch;
  • the mode selection switches K41, K42, K43, and K45 are closed and turned on, and the mode selection switches K44 and K46 are turned off.
  • the battery module E41 in the extended range battery pack drives the main motor Q4, and at the same time, the main motor Q4 is driven by the battery module E41 in the extended range battery pack.
  • the battery module E41 in the remote battery pack charges the battery modules E43, E45 in the main battery pack via the mode selection switches K41, K43, K45;
  • the mode selection switches K41, K44 (or K46), and K45 (or K43) are closed and turned on, and the mode selection switches K42, K43 (or K45), and K46 (or K44) are disconnected, and the main battery pack
  • the battery module E43 (or E45) in the battery pack drives the main motor Q4 through the mode selection switch K44 (or K46), and at the same time, the battery module E41 in the extended-range battery pack is connected to the main battery pack via the mode selection switches K41 and K45 (or K43).
  • the battery module E45 (or E43) is charged.

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Abstract

一种增程式电动汽车动力系统，涉及汽车技术领域，所解决的是降低制造成本的技术问题。该系统包括车体（1），用于驱动车体行进的主电机，及为主电机提供电力的主电池组（2）、增程器，增程器为增程电池组（3），车体（1）的行李厢内固定有增程电池架，增程电池组（3）以可插拔方式安装在增程电池架上。该系统制造成本低，制造难度小，且换电操作方便快捷。

Description

增程式电动汽车动力系统 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车技术，特别是涉及一种增程式电动汽车动力系统的技术。
背景技术
目前的增程式电动汽车动力系统如中国专利公布号CN103419675A(一种增程式电动汽车的运行方法)公开的增程式电动汽车，包括电机控制器以及分别与所述电机控制器电连接的动力电池组，增程器和驱动电机。增程式电动车由驱动电机以及具有自动变速箱的传动系统驱动车轮行驶，发动机与启动发电一体机组成的增程器，仅为系统提供电能，不直接参与驱动车辆，动力电池组为储能设备，存储来自于电网，增程器及制动能量回收所产生的电能，车辆行驶的所需电能由动力电池组或增程器单独提供，或者由动力电池组和增程器联合提供。
“增程式电动汽车动力传动系统主要由驱动电动机系统，电源系统，增程器和整车控制器等组成，与纯电动汽车相比，增加了增程器。”摘自书名：新能源汽车概论(第2版)；出版发行，北京大学出版社；标准书号，ISBN978-7-301-31007-6.15年8月第2版；崔胜民主编；2.2增程式电动汽车P29。
现有技术中增程式电动汽车车型有宝马i3(可选装增程模块)；别克VELITE5；理想ONE；东风风光的风光E3EVR(增程型)；Fisker卡玛；雪佛兰沃蓝达(Volt)；奥迪A1e-tron增程版；广汽传祺GA5；
所以目前的增程式电动汽车动力系统如图7所示，包括用于驱动车体行进的主电机(即驱动电机)，及为主电机提供电力的主电池组(即动力电池组)、增程器和用于控制主电池组、增程器工作的控制单元(即电机控制器)，其中所述控制单元(即电机控制器)分别电连接的主电池组(即动力电池组)、增程器和主电机(即驱动电机)，所述增程器包括燃油发动机和发电机；增程器能在控制单元的控制下，向所述主电机提供电力及/或给所述主电池组充电。
目前的增程式电动汽车中都装有车载电池、电机及燃油发动机，其中的燃油发动机作为增程器，能在车载电池电量不足的情况用于发电，实现增程。由于需 要配备燃油发动机，增程式电动汽车的成本要高于纯电动汽车，制造难度也相对较大，而且最主要的是燃油发动机存在着环境污染和能源消耗问题。
另外，由于纯电动车的续航里程短，充电时间过长，充电桩数量不足，导致充电困难，使用不便。虽然已有厂商提供直接更换电池组的服务，但是因为电池组体积庞大、结构复杂，换电过程一般都需要专业设备和人员来进行，换电过程也需要很长时间，成本也很高。而且现有纯电动汽车的主电池组,设在车的底盘,或后座座位下，更换操作极不方便。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种制造成本低的换电操作方便快捷的增程式电动汽车动力系统。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所提供的一种增程式电动汽车动力系统，包括车体，及用于驱动车体行进的主电机，及为主电机提供电力的主电池组、增程器，所述车体上设有用于控制主电池组、增程器工作的控制单元，所述控制单元分别连接主电池组、增程器和主电机，其特征在于：所述增程器为增程电池组，所述车体的行李厢内固定有增程电池架，增程电池组以可插拔方式安装在增程电池架上，所述增程电池组能在控制单元的控制下，向所述主电机提供电力及/或给所述主电池组充电。
进一步的，所述增程电池组由电池框架和至少一个电池模块组成，所述电池框架以可插拔方式安装在增程电池架上，电池框架上设有多个电池插槽，增程电池组中的各个电池模块以可插拔方式分别插置在电池框架上的各个电池插槽内，电池模块上及电池插槽内分别设有相互匹配的电气连接件，并且增程电池架上及电池框架上也分别设有相互匹配的电气连接件，使得电池模块能通过电池模块及电池框架上的电气连接件的接合连接到控制单元。
进一步的，所述控制单元由多个模式选择开关，及用于控制各个模式选择开关通断的控制模块组成，所述控制模块的各个开关控制信号输出端分别接到各个模式选择开关的控制端；
所述增程电池组中的各个电池模块分别通过模式选择开关连接主电机，增程电池组中的各个电池模块分别通过模式选择开关连接主电池组中的各个电池模块，主电池组中的各个电池模块分别通过模式选择开关连接主电机；
所述控制模块通过控制各个模式选择开关的通断，来控制增程电池组中的电池模块向主电机提供电力及/或给主电池组中的电池模块充电；
所述控制模块通过控制各个模式选择开关的通断，来控制主电池组中的电池模块向主电机提供电力。
进一步的，所述主电池组安装在车体的底盘上。
进一步的，所述增程电池组的电池容量是主电池组的电池容量的1/7～1/2倍。
进一步的，所述行李厢设置在车体的前部或/和后部。
进一步的，所述电池插槽的一端开设有电池出入口，使得电池模块能通过电池出入口平向抽出或平向插入电池插槽。
进一步的，所述电池插槽的槽口向上开放，使得电池模块能通过电池插槽的槽口向上提出或向下插入电池插槽。
进一步的，所述增程电池架由固定底座及滑动支架组成，其中的固定底座固定在汽车的行李厢内，滑动支架以滑动配合方式安装在固定底座上，并且滑动支架能滑动至滑动支架的局部伸出行李厢，所述增程电池组以可插拔方式安装在滑动支架上。
进一步的，所述增程电池架由固定底座及滑动支架组成，其中的固定底座固定在汽车的行李厢内，滑动支架通过一个升降支架安装在固定底座上，并且滑动支架能上升至行李厢外部，所述增程电池组以可插拔方式安装在滑动支架上。
本发明提供的增程式电动汽车动力系统，采用增程电池组作为增程器，降低整车的制造成本，解决燃油发电存在着环境污染和能源消耗问题；并将增程电池组以可插拔方式安装在乘客厢外的增程电池架上，打开行李厢盖即可更换增程电池组，用户可以采用自助式更换，无需配备专业设备和人员，十分方便快捷。另外，增程电池组重量轻,设置在乘客厢之外，乘客无需下车即可进行更换，大大节省了成本和时间。
再者，目前的纯电动汽车只有一个整体的主电池组,所以必须整体更换，而不管主电池组内电量是否耗尽，造成了换电的浪费，增加了换电使用成本。而本发明的增程式电动汽车能够在增程电池组的电量耗尽时进行更换，也可以单独更换增程电池组中电量耗尽的那个或那些电池模块，提高了换电效率和电池的使用 效率。
本发明的增程式电动汽车动力系统不改动原主电池组置于底盘等车身结构，保证车身结构安全，容易使各车企的不同品牌不同车型能共享换电站网络的换电资源，使换电站方便实现标准化服务，便于本发明的跨车型跨品牌推广。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施例的增程式电动汽车动力系统中，在车体后部设置增程电池组的示意图；
图2是本发明第一实施例的增程式电动汽车动力系统中，在车体前部设置增程电池组的示意图；
图3是本发明第一实施例的增程式电动汽车动力系统中，在车体前部、后部同时设置增程电池组的示意图；
图4是本发明第一实施例的增程式电动汽车动力系统中的增程电池组的示意图；
图5是本发明第一实施例的增程式电动汽车动力系统中的控制单元的结构示意图；
图6是本发明第一实施例的增程式电动汽车动力系统的工作模式示意图；
图7是现有技术中的增程式电动汽车动力系统的工作模式示意图；
图8是本发明第二实施例的增程式电动汽车动力系统中的增程电池组结构示意图；
图9是本发明第三实施例的增程式电动汽车动力系统中的增程电池架结构示意图；
图10是本发明第四实施例的增程式电动汽车动力系统中的增程电池架结构示意图；
图11是本发明第五实施例的增程式电动汽车动力系统中的增程电池架结构示意图；
图12是本发明第六实施例的增程式电动汽车动力系统中的控制单元的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图说明对本发明的实施例作进一步详细描述，但本实施例并不用于限制本发明，凡是采用本发明的相似结构及其相似变化，均应列入本发明的保护范围，本发明中的顿号均表示和的关系。
如图1-图3所示，本发明第一实施例所提供的一种增程式电动汽车动力系统，包括车体1，及用于驱动车体行进的主电机(图中未示)，及为主电机提供电力的主电池组2、增程器，其特征在于：所述增程器为增程电池组3，所述车体的行李厢内固定有增程电池架，增程电池组3以可独立插拔方式安装在增程电池架上，所述车体上设有用于控制主电池组2、增程电池组3工作的控制单元，所述控制单元分别连接主电池组、增程电池组和主电机，使得增程电池组能在控制单元的控制下，向所述主电机提供电力及/或给所述主电池组充电。
如图4所示，本发明第一实施例中，所述增程电池组由电池框架4和多个电池模块31组成，所述电池框架4以可插拔方式安装在增程电池架上，电池框架4上设有多个电池插槽，增程电池组中的各个电池模块31以可插拔方式分别插置在电池框架4上的各个电池插槽内，并且在电池模块31上装有供人手抓握的把手32，以方便电池模块的插拔，电池模块31上及电池插槽内分别设有相互匹配的电气连接件(比如在电池模块上设置电气插座，在电池插槽内设置电气插头)，并且增程电池架上及电池框架4上也分别设有相互匹配的电气连接件(比如在电池框架上设置电气插座，在增程电池架上设置电气插头)，使得电池模块31能通过电池模块31及电池框架4上的电气连接件的接合连接到控制单元，在电池插槽的一端开设有电池出入口，使得电池模块31可以通过电池出入口平向抽出或平向插入电池插槽。
本发明第一实施例中，所述主电池组安装在车体的底盘上，而增程电池组安装在车体的行李厢内，打开行李厢盖即可方便地更换增程电池组，增程电池组中的各个电池模块也可以采用抽拉方式实现插拔，从而也可以仅更换增程电池组中的单个电池模块，由于增程电池组的更换能从车后端(或前端)抽取，所以不影响车体的行李厢内的行李物品的摆放；车体的行李厢内还设有连接增程电池组的电气连接件；所述增程电池组的电池容量为10～18千瓦时，增程电池组的电池容量是主电池组的电池容量的1/7～1/2倍，增程电池组体积小、重量轻，便于更换，而且能拆分成若干电池模块，电池模块的单体体积更小，重量也更轻，逐 个更换甚至可以人工手工操作。
本发明第一实施例中，所述增程电池组也可以仅有一个电池模块组成，电池框架上的电池插槽也可以仅有一个。
传统汽车的引擎有前置引擎、后置引擎两种布局；前置引擎汽车的引擎舱设置在车体前部，行李厢则设置在车体后部，其后置行李厢通常也称之为后备厢；后置引擎汽车的引擎舱设置在车体后部，行李厢则设置在车体前部；有些纯电动汽车可以在车体的前部、后部同时设置行李厢；
本发明第一实施例中所述的行李厢设置在车体后部，本发明其它实施例中，行李厢也可以设置在车体前部(如图2所示)，也可以在车体的前部、后部同时设置(如图3所示)。
如图6所示，本发明第一实施例中，所述控制单元分别连接主电池组、增程电池组和主电机；使得增程电池组能在控制单元的控制下，向所述主电机提供电力及/或给所述主电池组充电。
如图6所示，本发明实施例的工作模式如下：主电池组、增程电池组都可以在长时间停车时利用连接电网的地面充电桩进行充电(利用充电桩对车载电池组进行充电的技术为本领域成熟技术，本实施例不再赘述)；行驶到换电站后，打开行李厢可以将增程电池组整体方便快速的从增程电池架上取出更换(将已用完电的增程电池组更换成充满电的增程电池组)，也可以将增程电池组中亏电的电池模块单体从电池框架上的电池插槽拔出更换；打开行李厢更换增程电池组时，无需乘客上下车配合，同时也节省更换时间，更符合用户的使用习惯，体验更好；
当增程电池组的电量小于预先设定的增程电量阈值时，由主电池组为主电机提供电力；
当增程电池组的电量大于等于预先设定的增程电量阈值时，可以采用两种工作模式；
第一种工作模式是由增程电池组为主电机提供电力，增程电池组同时还为主电池组充电，使主电池组能量得以补充；
第二种工作模式是由主电池组为主电机提供电力，增程电池组只为主电池组充电，使主电池组能量得到补充。
以电池组为动力源为电机提供电力的技术，及用有电的电池组为亏电的电池 组充电的技术，都是本领域成熟技术，相关的电路结构在很多产品上都有应用，也在很多文献中有所记载，本实施例不再赘述。
如图5所示，所述控制单元由多个模式选择开关，及用于控制各个模式选择开关通断的控制模块G组成，模式选择开关可以选用继电器、场效应管等电子开关；图5中的Q为主电机，E1、E2为增程电池组中的电池模块，E1’、E2’、E3’为主电池组中的电池模块，都由控制模块G控制，K11、K12、K21、K22、K11’、K12’、K21’、K22’、K31’、K32’均为模式选择开关；
所述控制模块G可以采用单片机或车载的行车电脑，控制模块G的各个开关控制信号输出端分别接到各个模式选择开关的控制端，增程电池组中的电池模块E1、E2分别通过模式选择开关K11、K21连接主电机Q，增程电池组中的电池模块E1、E2分别通过模式选择开关K12、K22、K12’、K22’、K32’连接主电池组中的电池模块E1’、E2’、E3’，主电池组中的电池模块E1’、E2’、E3’分别通过模式选择开关、K11’、K21’、K31’连接主电机Q，控制模块G通过控制各个模式选择开关的通断实现对主电池组、增程电池组的控制；
第一种工作模式时，模式选择开关K11、K22、K12’、K22’、K32’闭合导通，模式选择开关K12、K21、K11’、K21’、K31’断开，此时由增程电池组中的电池模块E1驱动主电机Q，由增程电池组中的电池模块E2经模式选择开关K22、K12’、K22’、K32’对主电池组中的电池模块E1’、E2’、E3’进行充电；
第二种工作模式时，模式选择开关K12、K22闭合导通，此时选择相应的模式选择开关通、断，可以使主电池组中的电池模块E1’、E2’、E3’中的一个来驱动主电机Q，并由增程电池组中的电池模块E1、E2对主电池组中的待机电池模块进行充电，比如模式选择开关K12、K22、K11’、K22’、K32’闭合导通，其它模式开关断开，即可由主电池组中的电池模块E1’驱动主电机Q，而增程电池组中的电池模块E1、E2则对主电池组中的待机电池模块E2’、E3’进行充电。
采用本实施例作为动力系统的增程式电动汽车在路上因没电而抛锚时，换电站可以派出应急换电车赶赴现场，为客户提供更换用的增程电池组，以应急需。
关于增程电池组能增程续行的里程，设锂电池的能量密度为0.2千瓦时/公斤，设增程电池组中的1个电池模块约6公斤，1个增程电池组包括10个电池模块约60公斤，其电池容量为0.2千瓦时/公斤*60公斤＝12千瓦时；设单位电 耗5公里/千瓦时,1个增程电池组(12千瓦时*5公里/千瓦时)续行里程约为60公里，2个增程电池组续行里程可行120公里；
如果设计各换电站的最大距离为50公里，就基本能保证电动汽车能可持续地更换增程电池组，从而解决纯电动汽车存在的续航里程短的问题。
由于增程电池组远比主电池组重量轻，其位置也方便更换，从而使换电站的设备简单、成本低，而且增程电池组的电池模块能分拆，由人(手)工更换，使租赁增程电池组的运营商能设立更多的换电站，以缩小换电站之间距离，从而解决电动汽车续航里程短的问题。
由于增程电池组采用换电方式，在行驶中无须停车充电，只要停车换电(换增程电池组)就能解决增能续航的问题，主电池组可在行车中充电，克服了纯电动汽车因停车充电时间太长而影响行车的问题；
由于可以随时在换电站换增程电池组，因此主电池组的设计容量可以相对较小，电池容量只需要一般纯电动汽车的40-70％即可，无需匹配大容量的动力电池(主电池组)，能降低整车的制造成本，方便实现车电分离，买车租电；而且可利用增程电池组在行车中对主电池组充电，从而避免了对主电池组进行急(快)充电，使得主电池组的动力电池使用寿命得到延长。
本发明所述电动汽车仅为乘用车中的基本型乘用车(轿车)、多用途车(MPV)、运动型多用途车(SUV)；(不包括微型客车以及不超过9座的轻型客车)。
如图8所示，本发明第二实施例与第一实施例的区别在于：增程电池组中的电池框架结构不同，第二实施例的电池框架204中，电池插槽的槽口向上开放，使得电池模块231可以通过电池插槽的槽口向上提出或向下插入电池插槽，电池模块231上也装有供人手抓握的把手232，电池模块231上及电池插槽内也分别设有相互匹配的电气连接件，并且增程电池架上及电池框架204上也分别设有相互匹配的电气连接件，使得电池模块231能通过电池模块231及电池框架204上的电气连接件的接合连接到控制单元。
如图9所示，本发明第三实施例与第一实施例的区别在于：增程电池架的结构不同，第三实施例的增程电池架由固定底座301及滑动支架302组成，其中的固定底座301固定在汽车的行李厢内，滑动支架302以滑动配合方式安装在固定底座上，并且滑动支架302能滑动至滑动支架的局部伸出行李厢，增程电池组 303以可插拔方式安装在滑动支架302上，第三实施例中的增程电池组的结构与第一实施例相同。
如图10所示，本发明第四实施例与第二实施例的区别在于：增程电池架的结构不同，第三实施例的增程电池架由固定底座401及滑动支架402组成，其中的固定底座401固定在汽车的行李厢内，滑动支架402以滑动配合方式安装在固定底座上，并且滑动支架402能滑动至滑动支架的局部伸出行李厢，增程电池组403以可插拔方式安装在滑动支架402上，第四实施例中的增程电池组的结构与第二实施例相同。
如图11所示，本发明第五实施例与第一实施例的区别在于：行李厢设置在车体前部，并且增程电池架的结构不同，第五实施例的增程电池架由固定底座501及滑动支架502组成，其中的固定底座501固定在汽车的行李厢内，滑动支架502通过一个升降支架504安装在固定底座上，并且滑动支架502能上升至行李厢外部，增程电池组503以可插拔方式安装在滑动支架502上，第五实施例中的增程电池组的结构与第一实施例相同。
第三、第四、第五实施例实施换电操作时，可以先将滑动支架移动至滑动支架的局部伸出行李厢，再更换增程电池组或增程电池组中的电池模块(即从滑动支架中拔出已用完电的增程电池组进行更换，或从增程电池组的电池框架上拔出已用完电的电池模块进行更换)，更换完毕后再推入滑动支架，这样可以在车体外进行增程电池组或电池模块的插拔操作，能避免了对汽车外壳(表面)的碰擦。
如图12所示，本发明第六实施例中，所述控制单元由多个模式选择开关，及用于控制各个模式选择开关通断的控制模块G4组成，图12中的Q4为主电机，E41为增程电池组中的电池模块，E43、E45为主电池组中的电池模块，都由控制模块G4控制，K41、K42、K43、K44、K45、K46均为模式选择开关；
所述控制模块G4可以采用单片机或车载的行车电脑，控制模块G4的各个开关控制信号输出端分别接到各个模式选择开关的控制端，增程电池组中的电池模块E41通过模式选择开关K42连接主电机Q，增程电池组中的电池模块E41通过模式选择开关K41、K43、K45连接主电池组中的电池模块E43、E45，主电池组中的电池模块E43、E45分别通过模式选择开关K44、K46连接主电机Q4，控制模块G4通过控制各个模式选择开关的通断实现对主电池组、增程电池组的控制；
第一种工作模式时，模式选择开关K41、K42、K43、K45闭合导通，模式选择开关K44、K46断开，此时由增程电池组中的电池模块E41驱动主电机Q4，同时由增程电池组中的电池模块E41经模式选择开关K41、K43、K45对主电池组中的电池模块E43、E45进行充电；
第二种工作模式时，模式选择开关K41、K44(或K46)、K45(或K43)闭合导通，模式选择开关K42、K43(或K45)、K46(或K44)断开，由主电池组中的电池模块E43(或E45)经模式选择开关K44(或K46)驱动主电机Q4，同时由增程电池组中的电池模块E41经模式选择开关K41、K45(或K43)对主电池组中的电池模块E45(或E43)进行充电。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种增程式电动汽车动力系统，包括车体，及用于驱动车体行进的主电机，及为主电机提供电力的主电池组、增程器，所述车体上设有用于控制主电池组、增程器工作的控制单元，所述控制单元分别连接主电池组、增程器和主电机，其特征在于：所述增程器为增程电池组，所述车体的行李厢内固定有增程电池架，增程电池组以可插拔方式安装在增程电池架上，增程电池组能在控制单元的控制下，向所述主电机提供电力及/或给所述主电池组充电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的增程式电动汽车动力系统，其特征在于：所述增程电池组由电池框架和至少一个电池模块组成，所述电池框架以可插拔方式安装在增程电池架上，电池框架上设有多个电池插槽，增程电池组中的各个电池模块以可插拔方式分别插置在电池框架上的各个电池插槽内，电池模块上及电池插槽内分别设有相互匹配的电气连接件，并且增程电池架上及电池框架上也分别设有相互匹配的电气连接件，使得电池模块能通过电池模块及电池框架上的电气连接件的接合连接到控制单元。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的增程式电动汽车动力系统，其特征在于：所述控制单元由多个模式选择开关，及用于控制各个模式选择开关通断的控制模块组成，所述控制模块的各个开关控制信号输出端分别接到各个模式选择开关的控制端；
    所述增程电池组中的各个电池模块分别通过模式选择开关连接主电机，增程电池组中的各个电池模块分别通过模式选择开关连接主电池组中的各个电池模块，主电池组中的各个电池模块分别通过模式选择开关连接主电机；
    所述控制模块通过控制各个模式选择开关的通断，来控制增程电池组中的电池模块向主电机提供电力及/或给主电池组中的电池模块充电；
    所述控制模块通过控制各个模式选择开关的通断，来控制主电池组中的电池模块向主电机提供电力。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的增程式电动汽车动力系统，其特征在于：所述主电池组安装在车体的底盘上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的增程式电动汽车动力系统，其特征在于：所述增程电池组的电池容量是主电池组的电池容量的1/7～1/2倍。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的增程式电动汽车动力系统，其特征在于：所述行李厢设置在车体的前部或/和后部。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的增程式电动汽车动力系统，其特征在于：所述电池插槽的一端开设有电池出入口，使得电池模块能通过电池出入口平向抽出或平向插入电池插槽。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的增程式电动汽车动力系统，其特征在于：所述电池插槽的槽口向上开放，使得电池模块能通过电池插槽的槽口向上提出或向下插入电池插槽。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的增程式电动汽车动力系统，其特征在于：所述增程电池架由固定底座及滑动支架组成，其中的固定底座固定在汽车的行李厢内，滑动支架以滑动配合方式安装在固定底座上，并且滑动支架能滑动至滑动支架的局部伸出行李厢，所述增程电池组以可插拔方式安装在滑动支架上。
  10. 根据权利要求7或8所述的增程式电动汽车动力系统，其特征在于：所述增程电池架由固定底座及滑动支架组成，其中的固定底座固定在汽车的行李厢内，滑动支架通过一个升降支架安装在固定底座上，并且滑动支架能上升至行李厢外部，所述增程电池组以可插拔方式安装在滑动支架上。
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