WO2021110901A1 - Méthode de mesure de la qualité optique d'une zone donnée d'un vitrage, dispositif de mesure associé - Google Patents
Méthode de mesure de la qualité optique d'une zone donnée d'un vitrage, dispositif de mesure associé Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021110901A1 WO2021110901A1 PCT/EP2020/084606 EP2020084606W WO2021110901A1 WO 2021110901 A1 WO2021110901 A1 WO 2021110901A1 EP 2020084606 W EP2020084606 W EP 2020084606W WO 2021110901 A1 WO2021110901 A1 WO 2021110901A1
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Classifications
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/958—Inspecting transparent materials or objects, e.g. windscreens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
- G01M11/0228—Testing optical properties by measuring refractive power
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
- G01M11/0242—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations
- G01M11/0257—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations by analyzing the image formed by the object to be tested
- G01M11/0264—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations by analyzing the image formed by the object to be tested by using targets or reference patterns
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
- G01M11/0242—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations
- G01M11/0271—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations by using interferometric methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
- G01M11/0242—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations
- G01M11/0278—Detecting defects of the object to be tested, e.g. scratches or dust
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
- G01M11/0292—Testing optical properties of objectives by measuring the optical modulation transfer function
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
- G01J2009/0234—Measurement of the fringe pattern
- G01J2009/0238—Measurement of the fringe pattern the pattern being processed optically, e.g. by Fourier transformation
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/958—Inspecting transparent materials or objects, e.g. windscreens
- G01N2021/9586—Windscreens
Definitions
- TITLE METHOD OF MEASURING THE OPTICAL QUALITY OF A GIVEN ZONE OF A GLAZING, ASSOCIATED MEASURING DEVICE
- the technical field of the invention is that of intelligent driving assistance systems.
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the optical quality of a given area of a transport vehicle glazing, intended to be placed in the optical path of an image acquisition device an intelligent driver assistance system.
- Intelligent driving assistance systems are increasingly equipping transport vehicles, in particular road vehicles.
- these on-board systems can provide real-time information, in particular on the state of road traffic, detect and anticipate possible threats from the environment outside the vehicle, or even help the driver to perform certain maneuvers. difficult such as overtaking other vehicles or parking.
- these systems include many devices or sensors making it possible, in particular, to collect data on the environment around the vehicle.
- Some systems such as parking assistance systems, autonomous driving systems or collision anticipation systems, use one or more image acquisition devices.
- the data acquired by the image acquisition devices are processed by on-board systems to obtain the desired functionality.
- a night driving assistance system makes it possible to display in real time on the vehicle's dashboard a video of the external environment via an infrared camera placed behind the vehicle's windshield.
- An autonomous driving system processes the images acquired by a camera placed behind the windshield of the vehicle in order to extract therein data necessary for the vehicle's automatic control unit.
- the image acquisition devices are generally placed behind one of the windows of the vehicle, for example the windshield, the rear window or even the side windows, but most often these devices are placed behind the windshield in order to acquire information from the front of the vehicle.
- glazing often exhibits optical defects, the origins of which are diverse.
- the image acquisition devices in particular those located at the level of the windshield, are generally placed behind inclined glazing and, in the majority of cases in a zone of the glazing delimited by opaque elements.
- opaque elements make it possible to hide some of the elements of the image acquisition devices apart from the active elements for the acquisition of images so that they are not visible from outside the vehicles.
- the presence of these opaque elements, generally enamels, on the surface of the glazing leads to a reduction in the optical quality of the glazing in the area of the glazing bordering the opaque elements, in particular in the area of the glazing located at a distance between 5 and 8mm for opaque elements.
- the differences in thermal expansion coefficient or the physicochemical interactions between the materials of the enamel and the glass can cause variations. local areas of the surface near their edges. These variations can be, for example, variations in refractive index and / or geometric deformations with respect to the rest of the surface of the glass away from the edges of enamelled areas.
- the zones delimited by opaque elements can also comprise on their surface functional elements which are found directly placed in the acquisition field of the image acquisition devices. These functional elements can, for example, be networks of heating wires with different geometries, or else functional layers with optical or thermal properties. These functional elements also cause optical defects.
- Glazings intended to be placed in front of image acquisition devices are manufactured before the integration of these devices. It is therefore necessary to check the optical quality of the windshield and in particular of the areas delimited by opaque elements in order to prevent the presence of optical defects, in particular in said areas, from being the source of harmful artifacts in the area. the images acquired by the image acquisition devices.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for measuring the optical quality of a given zone of a road or rail vehicle glazing (zone being all or part of the glazing, in particular the peripheral zone and even along the length of the glazing). 'a preferably longitudinal edge of the glazing, in particular the central and / or (conventional) area of the rearview mirror), intended to be positioned in the optical path of an image acquisition device (camera), the measurement method being implemented by a measuring device comprising an emitter and a wavefront analyzer.
- the measurement method according to the first aspect comprises:
- a step of emission, by the emitter, of a beam of light rays in the direction of said given area preferably a circular beam (easier to achieve, in particular with a diameter of at least 100mm)
- a step of analysis, by the wavefront analyzer, of the wavefront of the light rays transmitted by said given zone comprising:
- a sub-step of generating a wavefront error map in particular which is a 2D image corresponding to the projection of the so-called camera zone of the glazing on the front-end analyzer (the sensor) wave,
- a sub-step of determining at least one optical fault map present in said area of the glazing (over all or part of this area, in particular over a useful region), from the edge error map of waves.
- the measurement method and in particular to the wavefront analysis step, it is possible to identify and quantify with more precision the optical defects and in particular d '' access the optical aberrations introduced by at least one given zone of a glazing, in particular aberrations of sphericity, chromatism, astigmatism, coma.
- the measurement method also makes it possible to determine with precision the optical quality of a given area of the glazing delimited by opaque elements.
- the precise determination of optical defects, in particular optical aberrations, introduced by the glazing make it possible to correct the images captured by image acquisition devices in order to obtain quality images which, in the field of intelligent driving assistance systems are essential to be able to correctly interpret the environment outside the road or rail vehicle.
- the invention can be used for any type of photographic or vision sensor, for example of the CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) or CDD (Charge Coupled Device) type, integrated into an image acquisition device in the vehicle or remote from an image processing system supplied by the photographic sensor.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- CDD Charge Coupled Device
- the invention is particularly suitable for glazing (windshield, window, etc.) for autonomous or semi-autonomous (road) vehicles: level L2 +, L3, L4 and L5 (full autonomous) as well as vehicles of the Robot Taxi and shuttle type (Shuttle).
- the angle of the glazing in particular a road vehicle windshield, can typically be between 21 ° and 36 ° with respect to the ground and on average 30 °.
- the step of analyzing the wave front of the light rays transmitted by the glazing it is possible to access other metrics making it possible to characterize the glazing, in particular the slope of the front d wave, the optical power, the modulation transfer function or the point spreading function.
- the measurement method according to the first aspect of the invention may have one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or in any technically possible combination.
- the size of the beam covers an area larger than the so-called camera area (or transmission window), the camera area intended to be coupled to the camera, the coupling is generally only over a region of this area.
- this camera zone is of width (lower base for example if trapezoidal) of at least 20mm, 30mm or 50mm and better of at most 150mm or 100mm and is preferably trapezoidal (upper base of lower width than the lower base) and the height is at least 8mm, 10mm or even 15mm and better still at most 60mm or 55mm or 30mm or 25mm.
- the beam has for example a width (diameter if circular) greater than or equal to the maximum width of the camera zone, in particular a width of at least 100 mm. Pairing with the camera (the image acquisition device) is generally on a region of this camera area. We will speak hereinafter of useful region seen by the camera as being the area of the glazing (included in the camera area) intercepted by the field of view of the camera.
- the transmitter and the wavefront analyzer are arranged on either side of the glazing or a plane mirror disposed on one side of the glazing and the emitter and the wavefront analyzer are arranged on the other side of the glazing, the analysis step comprising
- the analysis step comprising:
- the wavefront error map can be used to generate the wavefront slope map.
- the measuring device comprises a plane mirror arranged on one side of the glazing and the emitter and the wavefront analyzer are arranged on the other side of the glazing, the analysis step comprising:
- a sub-step of calculating a phase difference between the wavefront of the light rays transmitted by said given area of the glazing and a reference wavefront to determine an intermediate wavefront error a sub-step of dividing the intermediate wavefront error by two to determine a final wavefront error used to generate the wavefront error map.
- the analysis step comprising:
- the analysis step can include:
- FM wavefront of the light rays
- RF front of reference waves
- said optical fault card is chosen from the following list: - an optical aberration map,
- the analysis step comprises:
- the useful region i.e. seen by the camera (the camera sensor) is preferably circular. It is for example a relatively centered zone of the so-called camera zone generally in the form of a trapezoidal window with an opaque layer (enamel, etc.), often black, deposited on a sheet of glass of the glazing (laminated glazing in general) and / or on a lamination interlayer, for example made of polyvinyl butyral called PVB).
- the location of the camera depends on the car manufacturer so the region seen by the camera off-center in the camera area also the edges of the window (especially enamel) can impact the image quality of the scene.
- Zernike polynomials are a set of polynomial mathematical functions particularly adapted to circular areas which allow to decompose complex surfaces into an infinite sum of elementary surfaces. which each correspond to a particular degree and type of optical aberration.
- This decomposition of the useful region makes it possible to generate a plurality of optical aberration maps.
- Zernike polynomials are defined in Pierre Strock's document of March 7, 2008 accessible on the internet (15 pages). These polynomials are defined by the Wyant list. The polynomials are classified according to two indices n and m. We choose the polynomials number 1 to 8 in particular and even higher order in particular up to 36 (list of Wyant page 13 of the document).
- At least one of the optical aberration maps of the plurality of optical aberration maps is chosen from the following list:
- focusing error map (preferably map corresponding to the projection of the order 3 Zernike polynomial)
- spherical aberration map (preferably corresponding to the projection of the order 4 Zernike polynomials).
- the analysis step comprises:
- the method comprises a step of storing said optical fault card in a data storage device.
- the invention according to a second aspect relates to a device for measuring the optical quality of at least one given area of a glazing, suitable for implementing the measurement method according to the first aspect, comprising:
- an emitter configured to emit a beam of light rays in the direction of said given area
- a wavefront analyzer configured to analyze the wavefront of light rays transmitted by said given area
- the measuring device according to the second aspect of the invention may have one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or in any technically possible combination.
- the wavefront analyzer preferably comprises a system based on four-wave interferometry.
- the wavefront analyzer comprises a diffractive grid spaced from a wavefront sensor. It is a modified camera in which the lens is replaced by the diffractive grid.
- the size of the beam covers an area larger than the so-called camera area (transmission window), intended to be coupled to the camera.
- this area is at least 30mm or 50mm wide (lower base) and at most 120mm and is preferably trapezoidal (with an upper base of lower width than the lower base) and the height is at less 10mm or even 15mm.
- the beam has for example a width greater than or equal to 100mm
- the transmitter comprises a monochromatic light source.
- the emitter and the wavefront analyzer are configured to be placed on either side of the glazing.
- the measuring device comprises a plane mirror configured to be disposed on one side of the glazing and in that the emitter and the wavefront analyzer are configured to be arranged on the other side of the glazing.
- the invention according to a third aspect relates to a data storage device comprising at least one optical fault map associated with said given area of the glazing.
- the storage device according to the third aspect of the invention may have one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or in any technically possible combination.
- the data storage device is in the form of a data matrix.
- the data storage device is in the form of a bar code or of a datamatrix which refers to a database.
- said optical fault map is chosen from the following list:
- the analysis step comprises:
- the useful region has a length (diameter) of at least 4mm, in particular between 4 and 20mm
- a sub-step of decomposing said useful region by processing images into a plurality of optical aberration maps, in particular by converting the surface of the wave front into a sum of elementary surfaces by polynomial decomposition.
- the area seen by the camera (the camera sensor) of the wavefront analyzer is preferably circular, for example a relatively centered area of the so-called camera area, generally in the form of a trapezoidal window an opaque layer (enamel, etc.), often black, deposited on a sheet of glass of the glazing 10 (laminated in general) and / or on a lamination interlayer, for example made of poly (butyralvinyl).
- the location of the camera depends on the car manufacturer, this is not always the case also, the edges of the window (in particular enamel) can impact the quality of the image of the scene.
- At least one of the optical aberration maps of the plurality of optical aberration maps is chosen from the following list:
- - a coma map in X perpendicular to the Z axis of propagation of the wavefront, for example X is the vertical axis
- - a coma map in Y perpendicular to the Z axis of propagation of the wavefront and to X, for example Y is the horizontal axis
- the analysis step comprises: a sub-step of comparing the wavefront error amplitudes, in ⁇ m preferably, of the plurality of aberration maps optical,
- the invention according to a fourth aspect relates to a glazing, in particular for a road or rail vehicle, integrating the data storage device according to the third aspect.
- the glazing according to the fourth aspect of the invention may have one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or in any technically possible combination.
- the data storage device is printed on the glazing.
- the glazing comprises a sheet of transparent material and an opaque element partially covering the sheet so as to delimit a given area of the sheet.
- the sheet is made of glass.
- the sheet is made of plastic.
- the opaque element is formed by a layer of enamel.
- the glazing is a road vehicle windshield.
- the invention further relates to a vehicle comprising the glazing already defined, and an image acquisition device in the passenger compartment, in particular a camera, in particular at most 5cm from the glazing, positioned to receive radiation. light passing through the glazing through the camera area.
- the vehicle may have a wavefront error compensation lens placed between the image acquisition device and the camera area. This lens can for example take the opposite form of the dominant aberration in order to be able to cancel (compensate) it.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a road vehicle windshield comprising a given area delimited by an opaque element.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an image acquisition device placed behind the windshield of Figure 1, so that the given area is in the optical path of the image acquisition device.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a measuring device according to one embodiment of the invention, which allows the optical quality of the given area of the windshield of Figure 1 to be measured.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the wavefront analyzer with a four-wave interferometric system
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation in the form of blocks illustrating the steps of a measurement method according to an embodiment of the invention, making it possible to measure the optical quality of the given zone, by means of the measuring device of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 5a is a schematic representation illustrating the wavefront error introduced by the glazing.
- FIG. 5b is a schematic representation of the wavefront error map generated by the wavefront analyzer of the measurement device of Figure 3.
- FIG. 6 is a map illustrating the useful region (seen by the camera) selected from the wavefront error map shown in Figure 5b.
- FIG. 7a shows a focusing error map generated by the wavefront analyzer of the measurement device of Figure 3
- FIG. 7b shows a 0 ° astigmatism map generated by the wavefront analyzer of the measuring device of FIG. 3
- FIG. 7c represents a 45 ° astigmatism map generated by the wavefront analyzer of the measuring device of Figure 3
- FIG. 7d shows a coma X map generated by the wavefront analyzer of the measurement device of Figure 3
- FIG. 7e shows a Y coma map generated by the wavefront analyzer of the measurement device of Figure 3
- FIG. 7f represents a spherical aberration map generated by the wavefront analyzer of the measurement device of Figure 3
- FIG. 8 shows a vertical distortion map generated by the wavefront analyzer of the measurement device of Figure 3.
- FIG. 9 shows a horizontal distortion map generated by the wavefront analyzer of the measurement device of Figure 3.
- the invention relates to a method and to a device for measuring the optical quality of a glazing.
- the term “glazing” is understood to mean a plate formed from a transparent material such as glass or else plastic.
- the glazing can be a windshield, a rear window or even side glazing of a road or rail vehicle.
- the glazing is a road vehicle windshield.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a road vehicle windshield.
- the windshield 10 comprises a sheet 11 of glass 11 and an opaque element 12.
- the opaque element 12 allows in particular to hide from the outside of the vehicle elements arranged inside of said vehicle, for example part of an image acquisition device.
- the opaque element 12 covers at least one of the main faces of the sheet 11 of glass so as to border the entire windshield 10.
- the opaque element 12 can be placed on the surface of only one of the two main faces of the glass.
- sheet 11 of glass or may comprise several portions, each of the portions being arranged on one and on the other of the main faces of the sheet 11 of glass.
- the opaque element 12 can also be formed of several portions, each portion being arranged on the surface of two or more sheets of glass according to the number of servings.
- the glass sheet 11 can be inclined, for example, by an angle of 30 °.
- the glass sheet 11 can be curved along one or two axes, the radius of curvature is for example between 6m and 30m.
- the opaque element 12 is a layer of enamel deposited on the surface of the sheet 11.
- the enamel layer can be replaced by any other opaque element which makes it possible to hide from the outside certain elements arranged inside the road vehicle.
- the opaque element can also be a layer on the lamination spacer or an opaque insert bonded to the lamination spacer.
- the opaque element 12 delimits a given area 13 of the sheet 11 of glass located at the level of the upper edge of the windshield 10.
- the given area 13 is intended to be placed on the optical path of an image acquisition device, such as a camera of an intelligent driving assistance system.
- the surface of the given zone 13 is less than 0.5 m 2 .
- FIG. 2 shows an image acquisition device placed behind the windshield 10 shown in FIG. 1.
- the image acquisition device 20 is placed behind the windshield 10 so that the given area 13 is placed on the optical path of the acquisition device of images 20, for example using a suitable support (not shown).
- the image acquisition device 20 is a high-resolution digital camera suitable for operating in the visible, i.e. in wavelengths between 390nm and 750nm.
- a measuring device 40 is used to determine the optical quality of the given zone 13 of the windshield 10 which is in the field of view of the image acquisition device 20.
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the measuring device 40 according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the measuring device 40 comprises an emitter 41 and a preferably circular plane mirror 42 (preferably with a diameter of at least 100mm).
- the windshield 10 is positioned between the transmitter 41 (for example on the outside face of the windshield) and the plane mirror 42 (for example on the inside face of the windshield), for example at a distance between 200mm and 250mm from the emitter 41 and at a distance between 250mm and 300mm from the mirror-plane 42.
- the emitter 41 is configured to emit a beam of light rays through the given area 13 of the windshield 10.
- the emitter 41 comprises a light source and a collimator placed after the light source in order to obtain a beam of light rays, for example parallel.
- the light source of the emitter 41 is monochromatic.
- the light source of the emitter 41 is suitable for emitting in the visible, that is to say in the wavelengths between 400nm and 700nm, preferably between 640nm and 660nm.
- the size of the beam makes it possible to cover the entire given zone 13 of the windshield 10 while guaranteeing sufficient resolution and a flow making it possible to obtain information in the whole of the given zone 13 called the camera zone.
- the size of the beam covers an area larger than the given area 13.
- the circular beam here has for example a width greater than or equal to 100mm, for example 130mm here.
- the measuring device 40 also comprises a wavefront analyzer, also called an abberometer, which makes it possible to measure the shape of the wavefront of the beam emitted by the emitter 41 and to determine the strain undergone by the wave front during its passage through the given zone 13. It is recalled that a wave front is the three-dimensional wave surface defined so that each light ray coming from the same light source is there orthogonal. The wavefront analyzer measures the shape of this wave surface.
- the wavefront analyzer is composed of a system which relies on four-wave (lateral shift) interferometry.
- One system is known under the trade name "Phasics-SID4-HR".
- this system comprises a modified Hartmann mask, in particular a diffractive grid 5 comprising a grid 51 (checkerboard, etc.) contiguous to a diffractive optic 52 through which the beam 30 returns (reference beam , without windshield, then measurement beam with insertion of the windshield between mirror and analyzer), preferably circular, propagates and causes its replication in four beams 31 to 34.
- the diffractive grid 50 (replacing the camera lens) and is spaced from the sensor (wavefront) 6 of the camera preferably at most 9mm.
- the system generates an interferogram, captured by the sensor 6 of the camera, which is distorted by the wavefront gradients recovered by a Fourier analysis.
- the recorded interferogram is predominantly sinusoidal, a small amount of pixels is required to recover a phase pixel. This results in an increased resolution (better sampling of the wavefront, making it possible to measure a greater local deformation without smoothing), at least by a factor of 4, compared to other wavefront analyzers using the so-called technique.
- the system according to the invention also allows better measurement dynamics.
- the plane mirror 42 is placed behind the windshield 10 in order to reflect the beam transmitted by the windshield 10.
- the plane mirror 42 for example based on silver, in particular circular , is calibrated so as to represent a perfect plane, characteristic of good optical quality, that is to say with low deformation and low surface roughness.
- the measuring device 40 does not include a plane mirror 42.
- the transmitter 41 is placed on one side of the windshield 10 while the analyzer of wavefront is placed on the other side of the windshield 10.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagrammatic representation illustrating steps of the measurement method 100 according to an embodiment of the invention, of the optical quality of the given zone 13 of the windshield 10, by means of the measuring device 40 described with reference to FIG. 3.
- a beam of light rays is emitted by the emitter 41 in the direction of the given zone 13 of the windshield 10.
- the beam then passes through the given zone 13 before reach the plane mirror 42 which reflects the beam towards the glazing 10.
- the beam then passes through the given zone 13 of the glazing 10 a second time before reaching the wavefront analyzer.
- the beam received by the wavefront analyzer is analyzed by its microprocessor. Wavefront analysis step 102 includes several sub-steps.
- the phase difference between the wavefront of the reflected beam and a reference wavefront is calculated to determine an intermediate wavefront error.
- the reference wave front is a plane wave front.
- Figure 5a illustrates the shape deviation between a reference wavefront FR and a measured wavefront FM which corresponds to the wavefront error EF.
- a division sub-step 1022 the wavefront error is halved to obtain the final wavefront error. Indeed, insofar as the beam crosses the windshield 10 twice, a first time during the emission of the beam by the emitter 41 and a second time during the reflection of the beam by the plane mirror 42, the intermediate wavefront error determined in the sub-step 1021 corresponds to the wavefront error resulting from the two passages of the beam through the given zone 13 of the windshield 10. Thus, the sub-step 1022 makes it possible to determine the final wavefront error corresponding to a single passage of the beam through the given zone 13.
- the sub-step 1022 of division is not carried out when the measuring device 40 does not include a plane mirror 42 and when the emitter 41 and the wavefront analyzer are placed on either side of the windshield 10.
- the wavefront error calculated during the calculation sub-step 1021 corresponds to the final wavefront error relating to a single passage of the beam through the given zone 13.
- a wavefront error map is generated from the final wavefront error.
- the wavefront error map reflects the deviation of the transmitted wavefront, for example between points spaced 490 ⁇ m apart (width of the phase pixel), through the given area 13 relative to the wavefront reference.
- FIG. 5b illustrates an example of a CEC wavefront error map generated at the end of the sub-step 1023.
- This wavefront error map is an image, a matrix of phase pixels, each one of 490 ⁇ m, two-dimensional matrix corresponding to the projection of the camera zone 13 of the glazing 10 on the wavefront analyzer.
- This projection is trapezoidal in shape with a width at the lower base of 60mm, a width at the upper base of 52mm and a height of 17mm.
- the abscissa axis LY represents the number of pixels along the Y axis, i.e. horizontal
- the left ordinate axis L x represents the number of pixels along the axis X, ie vertical
- the right ordinate axis represents the wavefront error EF expressed in microns.
- a useful region 14, visible in FIG. 5b is selected from the generated CEC wavefront error map.
- the useful region 14 is a circular zone of predetermined size corresponding to the zone of the glazing 10 actually seen by the image acquisition device 20.
- the circular zone has for example a diameter greater than or equal to 4 mm, preferably d. 'at most 20mm when the camera is very close to the glazing.
- a map illustrating the useful region CAO0 generated at the end of the selection sub-step 1024 is illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the useful region 14 is decomposed, by image processing, into preferably Zernike polynomials.
- Zernike polynomials are a set of polynomial mathematical functions particularly adapted to circular areas which allow to decompose complex surfaces into an infinite sum of elementary surfaces. which each correspond to a particular degree and type of optical aberration. This decomposition of the useful region 14 makes it possible to generate a plurality of optical aberration maps.
- a plurality of optical aberration maps preferably of a degree greater than or equal to 2, present in the given zone 13 of the glazing 100 is determined at the end of the sub- decomposition step 1025.
- FIGS. 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e and 7f illustrate examples of optical aberration maps, in black and white and in colors, which it is possible to obtain at the end of the sub- decomposition step 1025.
- the abscissa axis L Y represents the number of pixels along the Y axis, ie horizontal
- the left ordinate axis L x represents the number of pixels along l
- the X axis, ie vertical and the right ordinate axis represents the wavefront error for the chosen optical aberration, expressed in microns.
- first card CAO1, CAO1 ′ illustrating an aberration of degree 2: a focusing error also called "defocus".
- the first card CAO1, CAO1 ′ is an alternation of rings.
- the wavefront error amplitude of the optical aberration is greater at the edge, but the reverse is possible.
- astigmatism is linked to a defect in the curvature of the glass which is oriented in one direction.
- 0 ° means a difference in curvature along the x and y directions which implies a different focus along these two directions.
- 45 ° astigmatism means a difference in curvature between the directions oriented at + 45 ° and -45 °.
- a sixth card CAO6, CAO6 ’ visible in FIG. 7f illustrating an aberration of degree 4: a spherical aberration.
- the sixth card CAO6, CAO6 ’ is an alternation of rings.
- the wavefront error amplitude of the optical aberration is larger at the edge but the reverse is possible.
- a comparison sub-step 1027 the amplitudes of the plurality of optical aberrations illustrated on the optical aberration maps are compared to each other. It should be noted that the greater the magnitude of the wavefront error of the optical aberration, the more dominant said optical aberration is and needs to be corrected.
- an identification substep 1028 at least one optical aberration among the plurality of optical aberrations is identified as having a wavefront error magnitude greater than the magnitude of the other optical aberrations.
- the focusing error illustrated on the maps CAO1, CAO1 'and the astigmatism at 0 ° illustrated on the maps CAO2, CAO2' which present the amplitudes of most important wavefront errors.
- the storage step 103 may include the recording of certain information relating to the windshield 10, for example its composition, its date of manufacture, etc.
- the data storage device is in the form of a data matrix, also called a "datamatrix".
- the data storage device can also be in the form of a bar code, for example a "flash code”, a "TAGs", a "QR code” which refers to a database.
- the data storage device can take another form, for example a hard disk, a storage server, an electronic memory etc.
- step 104 the data storage device is encrypted. Encryption step 104 can be performed using any known suitable encryption algorithm. A specific reader can then be used to unlock the data storage device and access at least part of the data it contains.
- a step 105 the data storage device is positioned or even printed on the windshield 10.
- the printing step 105 is for example carried out by engraving and / or by inkjet printing.
- optical aberration maps obtained by the measurement method 100 according to the invention it is possible to discriminate the different forms of aberrations present in a given area 13 scanned by the field of view of a device. acquisition of images 20 placed behind the window 10 of the road vehicle.
- the measurement method 100 it is possible, thanks to the measurement method 100 according to the invention, to generate other maps making it possible to characterize the optical quality of the given zone 13 of the glazing.
- it might be a wavefront slope map that matches the first derivative of the CEC wavefront error map, an optical power map that matches the second derivative of the CEC wavefront error map, of a map of the point spreading function by calculating the squared modulus of the Fourier transform of the generalized pupil function or a map of the modulus transfer function of the Fourier transform of the point spreading function.
- the wavefront slope map can alternatively be used to generate the wavefront error map
- FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a vertical distortion map in black and white CDV and in color CDV 'while
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a horizontal distortion map in black and white CDH and in colors CDH'.
- the x-axis represents the number of pixels along the Y axis, ie horizontal
- the left y-axis represents the number of pixels along the X axis
- ie vertical the axis of ordinate on the right represents the distortion Ds expressed in millidiopters.
- the generalized exit pupil function P can be determined from the CEC wavefront error map, according to the following equation:
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20816240.4A EP4070085A1 (fr) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-12-04 | Méthode de mesure de la qualité optique d'une zone donnée d'un vitrage, dispositif de mesure associé |
KR1020227022160A KR20220106817A (ko) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-12-04 | 글레이징 유닛의 주어진 영역의 광학적 품질을 측정하는 방법, 관련 측정 장치 |
US17/781,232 US20220412897A1 (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-12-04 | Method for measuring the optical quality of a given region of a glazing unit, associated measuring device |
AU2020397496A AU2020397496A1 (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-12-04 | Method for measuring the optical quality of a given region of a glazing unit, associated measuring device |
JP2022533053A JP2023504503A (ja) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-12-04 | グレージングの所定ゾーンの光学的品質の測定方法、結びついた測定装置 |
BR112022009247A BR112022009247A2 (pt) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-12-04 | Método para medir a qualidade ótica de uma dada região de uma unidade de vidraça, dispositivo de medição associado |
CN202080005712.6A CN113260844A (zh) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-12-04 | 用于测量镶玻璃的给定区域的光学质量的测量方法、相关测量装置 |
MX2022006840A MX2022006840A (es) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-12-04 | Metodo para medir la calidad optica de una region determinada de una unidad de acristalamiento, dispositivo de medicion asociado. |
CA3157311A CA3157311A1 (fr) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-12-04 | Methode de mesure de la qualite optique d'une zone donnee d'un vitrage, dispositif de mesure associe |
ZA2022/05297A ZA202205297B (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2022-05-12 | Method for measuring the optical quality of a given region of a glazing unit, associated measuring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1913869A FR3104258B1 (fr) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | Méthode de mesure de la qualité optique d’une zone donnée d’un vitrage, dispositif de mesure associé |
FRFR1913869 | 2019-12-06 |
Publications (1)
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WO2021110901A1 true WO2021110901A1 (fr) | 2021-06-10 |
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PCT/EP2020/084606 WO2021110901A1 (fr) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-12-04 | Méthode de mesure de la qualité optique d'une zone donnée d'un vitrage, dispositif de mesure associé |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20220412897A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4070085A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2023504503A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20220106817A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN113260844A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2020397496A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112022009247A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3157311A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3104258B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2022006840A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021110901A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA202205297B (fr) |
Cited By (3)
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WO2024028559A1 (fr) | 2022-08-04 | 2024-02-08 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Système de mesure automatique de la qualité optique d'une zone donnée d'un vitrage de véhicule, procédé de mise en œuvre d'un tel système et ligne de production comportant ce système |
WO2024028457A1 (fr) | 2022-08-04 | 2024-02-08 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procédé de caractérisation de la qualité optique d'une zone donnée d'un vitrage de véhicule |
RU2821655C1 (ru) * | 2023-10-18 | 2024-06-25 | Акционерное общество "Екатеринбургский центр МНТК "Микрохирургия глаза" | Способ определения степени нарушения качества зрения у пациентов с начальной катарактой и высокой остротой зрения |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TWI800942B (zh) * | 2021-10-06 | 2023-05-01 | 國立中央大學 | 光學計算方法 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2024028559A1 (fr) | 2022-08-04 | 2024-02-08 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Système de mesure automatique de la qualité optique d'une zone donnée d'un vitrage de véhicule, procédé de mise en œuvre d'un tel système et ligne de production comportant ce système |
WO2024028457A1 (fr) | 2022-08-04 | 2024-02-08 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procédé de caractérisation de la qualité optique d'une zone donnée d'un vitrage de véhicule |
FR3138698A1 (fr) | 2022-08-04 | 2024-02-09 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Système de mesure automatique de la qualité optique d’une zone donnée d’un vitrage de véhicule, procédé de mise en œuvre d’un tel système et ligne de production comportant ce système |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2020397496A1 (en) | 2022-06-02 |
FR3104258A1 (fr) | 2021-06-11 |
US20220412897A1 (en) | 2022-12-29 |
FR3104258B1 (fr) | 2021-12-31 |
BR112022009247A2 (pt) | 2022-08-02 |
MX2022006840A (es) | 2022-07-12 |
KR20220106817A (ko) | 2022-07-29 |
CA3157311A1 (fr) | 2021-06-10 |
ZA202205297B (en) | 2023-04-26 |
CN113260844A (zh) | 2021-08-13 |
EP4070085A1 (fr) | 2022-10-12 |
JP2023504503A (ja) | 2023-02-03 |
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