Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
  • A61K31/554—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as ring hetero atoms, e.g. clothiapine, diltiazem
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D285/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D275/00 - C07D283/00
  • C07D285/36—Seven-membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• the invention relates to 1,2,5-benzothiadiazepine derivatives of formula (I). These compounds are bile acid modulators having apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and/or liver bile acid transport (LBAT) inhibitory activity.
• ASBT apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
• LBAT liver bile acid transport
• the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and to the use of these compounds in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, fatty acid metabolism and glucose utilization disorders, gastrointestinal diseases and liver diseases.
• Bile acids are physiological detergents that play an important role in the intestinal absorption and transport of lipids, nutrients and vitamins. They are also signaling molecules that activate nuclear receptors and cell signaling pathways that regulate lipid, glucose and energy metabolism. Bile acids are steroid acids that are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and stored in the gallbladder as mixed micelles. During digestion, the duodenum triggers the release of hormones that cause the gallbladder to contract, thereby releasing bile acids in the small intestine where they enable absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol. When they reach the ileum, bile acids are reabsorbed from the intestine and secreted into portal blood to return to the liver via the portal venous circulation.
• bile acids Over 90% of the bile acids are thus recycled and returned to the liver. These bile acids are then transported across the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes and re-secreted across the canalicular membrane into bile. In this first pass, 75-90% of bile acids are taken up by hepatocytes, completing one round of enterohepatic circulation. The fraction of bile acids that escapes being cleared in the liver enters the systemic circulation where the free bile acids are filtered by the renal glomerulus, efficiently reclaimed in the proximal tubules and exported back into the systemic circulation.
• bile acids secreted across the canalicular membrane into bile are derived from the recirculating pool with less than 10% coming from new de novo hepatic synthesis.
• the small fraction of bile acids that is not reabsorbed in the ileum reaches the colon.
• the primary bile acids are transformed into secondary bile acids under the action of intestinal bacteria, mainly by single or dual dehydroxylation reactions of the steroid nucleus.
• the bile acids that escape intestinal absorption are thereafter excreted into the faeces.
• the efficient transport system helps maintain a constant bile acid pool, ensuring sufficiently high levels of conjugated bile acids in the intestine to promote lipid absorption as well as reduce the small intestinal bacterial load.
• the system also minimizes fecal and urinary bile acid loss and protects the intestinal and hepatobiliary compartments by eliminating potentially cytotoxic detergents (as reviewed by Kosters and Karpen (Xenobiotica 2008, vol. 38, p. 1043-1071); by Chiang (J. Lipid Res. 2009, vol. 50, p. 1955-1966); and by Dawson (Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 2011, vol. 201, p. 169-203)).
• the regulation of the bile acid pool size has been found to play a key role in cholesterol homeostasis by hepatic conversion of cholesterol to bile acid, which represents a major route for elimination of cholesterol from the body.
• the liver plays an essential role in removing endogenous and xenobiotic compounds from the body.
• the normal hepatobiliary secretion and enterohepatic circulation are required for the elimination of endogenous compounds such as cholesterol and bilirubin and their metabolites from the body, thereby maintaining lipid and bile acid homeostasis. (Kosters and Karpen, Xenobiotica 2008, vol. 38, p. 1043-1071).
• ASBT apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
• 1,2,5-benzothiadiazepine derivates are potent inhibitors of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and/or liver bile acid transporter (LBAT), and may be useful for treating diseases wherein inhibition of bile acid circulation is desirable.
• ASBT apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
• LBAT liver bile acid transporter
• the invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently C 1-4 alkyl
• R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, cyano, nitro, amino,N-( C 1-4 alkyl)amino,N,N-di(C 1-4 alkyl)amino, and N-(aryl- C 1-4 alkyl)amino; n is an integer 1, 2 or 3; and
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, C 1-4 alkyl,
• R 1 is n-butyl
• R 2 is C 2-4 alkyl. In a preferred embodiment, R 2 is ethyl. In another preferred embodiment, R 2 is n-propyl. In yet another preferred embodiment, R 2 is n-butyl.
• R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy and C 1-4 haloalkoxy. In a preferred embodiment, R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, methoxy and trifluoromethoxy.
• n is 1, i.e. the phenyl-ring is substituted with only one substituent R 3 .
• R 3 is in the para-position.
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, C14 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, amino, N-( C 1-4 alkyl)amino and N,N-di(C 1-4 alkyl)amino.
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxy, cyano, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthio, ethylthio, amino, methylamino and dimethylamino.
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxy, cyano, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthio, ethylthio and dimethylamino.
• the compound of formula (I) is a compound of formula (l-a) wherein R 2 is C 2-4 alkyl;
• R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy and C 1-4 haloalkoxy; n is an integer 1 or 2;
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, amino, N-( C 1-4 alkyl)amino and N,N-di(C 1-4 alkyl)amino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with the proviso that the compound is not a compound from the group consisting of:
• the compound of formula (I) is a compound of formula (l-b) (l-b) wherein
• R 2 is ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy;
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxy, cyano, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthio, ethylthio and dimethylamino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with the proviso that the compound is not a compound from the group consisting of: 2-((3,3-dibutyl-7-(methylthio)-5-phenyl-l,l-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-l,2,5- benzothiadiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid; and
• Preferred compounds of the invention are compounds of formula (l-b), as defined above, wherein M and R 1 to R 4 are as indicated in Table 1 below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
• the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of:
• halo refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
• C 1-6 alkyl refers to a straight or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms
• C 1-4 alkyl refers to a straight or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Examples of C 1-4 alkyl include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec- butyl and tert-butyl.
• C 1-4 haloalkyl refers to a straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl group, as defined herein, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced with halogen.
• Examples of C 1-4 haloalkyl include chloromethyl, fluoroethyl and trifluoromethyl.
• C 1-4 alkoxy and C 1-4 alkylthio refer to a straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl group attached to the remainder of the molecule through an oxygen or sulphur atom, respectively.
• C 3-6 cycloalkyl refers to a monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon ring having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of C 3-6 cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• aryl denotes an aromatic monocyclic ring composed of 6 carbon atoms or an aromatic bicyclic ring system composed of 10 carbon atoms. Examples of aryl include phenyl, naphthyl and azulenyl.
• amino refers to an -NH 2 group.
• N-( C 1-4 alkyl)amino and “N,N- di( C 1-4 alkyl)amino” refer to an amino group wherein one or both hydrogen atom(s), respectively, are replaced with a straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl group.
• Examples of N-( C 1-4 alkyl)amino include methylamino, ethylamino and tert-butylamino
• examples of N,N-di-(C 1-4 alkyl)amino include dimethylamino and diethylamino.
• N-(aryl- C 1-4 alkyl)amino refers to an amino group wherein a hydrogen atom is replaced with an aryl-C 1-4 alkyl group.
• Examples of N-(aryl- C 1-4 alkyl)amino include benzylamino and phenylethylamino.
• pharmaceutically acceptable refers to those compounds, materials, compositions and/or dosage forms that are suitable for human pharmaceutical use and that are generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable.
• the term "about” refers to a value or parameter herein that includes (and describes) embodiments that are directed to that value or parameter per se. For example, description referring to "about 20” includes description of "20.” Numeric ranges are inclusive of the numbers defining the range. Generally speaking, the term “about” refers to the indicated value of the variable and to all values of the variable that are within the experimental error of the indicated value (e.g., within the 95% confidence interval for the mean) or within 10 percent of the indicated value, whichever is greater.
• the 1,2,5-benzothiadiazepine compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are inhibitors of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT inhibitors), of the liver bile acid transporter (LBAT inhibitors), or of both the apical sodium-dependent bile acid and liver bile acid transporters (dual ASBT/LBAT inhibitors). They are therefore useful in the treatment or prevention of conditions, disorders and diseases wherein inhibition of bile acid circulation is desirable, such as cardiovascular diseases, fatty acid metabolism and glucose utilization disorders, gastrointestinal diseases and liver diseases.
• ASBT inhibitors apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
• LBAT inhibitors liver bile acid transporter
• dual ASBT/LBAT inhibitors dual ASBT/LBAT inhibitors
• Cardiovascular diseases and disorders of fatty acid metabolism and glucose utilization include, but are not limited to, hypercholesterolemia; disorders of fatty acid metabolism; type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus; complications of diabetes, including cataracts, micro- and macrovascular diseases, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and delayed wound healing, tissue ischaemia, diabetic foot, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, unstable angina pectoris, stable angina pectoris, stroke, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, heart rhythm disorders and vascular restenosis; diabetes-related diseases such as insulin resistance (impaired glucose homeostasis), hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood levels of fatty acids or glycerol, obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia including hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome (syndrome X), atherosclerosis and hypertension; and for increasing high density lipoprotein levels.
• hypercholesterolemia disorders of fatty acid metabolism
• Gastrointestinal diseases and disorders include constipation (including chronic constipation, functional constipation, chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), intermittent/sporadic constipation, constipation secondary to diabetes mellitus, constipation secondary to stroke, constipation secondary to chronic kidney disease, constipation secondary to multiple sclerosis, constipation secondary to Parkinson's disease, constipation secondary to systemic sclerosis, drug induced constipation, irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), irritable bowel syndrome mixed (IBS-M), pediatric functional constipation and opioid induced constipation); Crohn's disease; primary bile acid malabsorption; irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); ileal inflammation; and reflux disease and complications thereof, such as Barrett's esophagus, bile reflux esophagitis and bile reflux gastritis.
• constipation including chronic constipation, functional constipation, chronic idiopathic constip
• a liver disease as defined herein is any disease in the liver and in organs connected therewith, such as the pancreas, portal vein, the liver parenchyma, the intrahepatic biliary tree, the extrahepatic biliary tree, and the gall bladder.
• a liver disease a bile acid-dependent liver disease.
• Liver diseases and disorders include, but are not limited to, an inherited metabolic disorder of the liver; inborn errors of bile acid synthesis; congenital bile duct anomalies; biliary atresia; post-Kasai biliary atresia; post-liver transplantation biliary atresia; neonatal hepatitis; neonatal cholestasis; hereditary forms of cholestasis; cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis; a secondary defect of BA synthesis; Zellweger ' s syndrome; cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease; alphal-antitrypsin deficiency; Alagilles syndrome (ALGS); Byler syndrome; a primary defect of bile acid (BA) synthesis; progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) including PFIC-1, PFIC-2, PFIC-3 and non-specified PFIC, post-biliary diversion PFIC and post-
• Other diseases that may be treated or prevented by the compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, include hyperabsorption syndromes (including abetalipoproteinemia, familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL), chylomicron retention disease (CRD) and sitosterolemia); hypervitaminosis and osteopetrosis; hypertension; glomerular hyperfiltration; polycystic kidney disease (PKD), including autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD); and pruritus of renal failure.
• the compounds are also useful in the protection against liver- or metabolic disease-associated kidney injury.
• NTCP Na + -taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide
• ASBT apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter
• IBAT ileal bile acid transporter
• SLC10A2 apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter
• bile acids are efficiently extracted from portal blood by the liver bile acid transporter (LBAT) and resecreted across the canalicular membrane by the bile salt export pump (BSEP; gene symbol ABCB11).
• BSEP bile salt export pump
• the reabsorption of bile acids in the ileum is handled by the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), where it is commonly referred to as ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT).
• ASBT apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
• IBAT ileal bile acid transporter
• Both LBAT and ASBT function as electrogenic sodium-solute cotransporters that move two or more Na + ions per molecule of solute.
• Xenobiotics and endobiotics are taken up by the liver from portal blood and secreted into bile by distinct transport proteins with individualized substrate specificities.
• Glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids exist in anionic form and are unable to cross membranes by diffusion, and thus, are completely dependent on membrane transport proteins to enter or exit the hepatocyte (Kosters and Karpen, Xenobiotica 2008, vol. 38, p. 1043-1071).
• ASBT and LBAT prefer glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile salts over their unconjugated counterparts and demonstrate a higher affinity for dihydroxy bile salts than for trihydroxy bile salts. No non-bile acid substrates have been identified for ASBT yet, however, LBAT was also found to transport a variety of steroid sulfates, hormones and xenobiotics.
• LBAT is not as thoroughly characterized as ASBT in terms of drug inhibition requirements.
• Dong et al. have identified FDA approved drugs that inhibit human LBAT and compared LBAT and ASBT inhibition requirements.
• the common feature pharmacophore indicated that two hydrophobes and one hydrogen bond acceptor were important for inhibition of LBAT. From 72 drugs screened in vitro, a total of 31 drugs inhibited LBAT, while 51 drugs (i.e. more than half) inhibited ASBT.
• Liu et al. describe the identification of a new type of hypercholanemia that is associated with homozygosity for the p.Ser267Phe mutation in SLC10A1 (LBAT).
• the allele frequency of this mutation in gene SLC10A1 varies in different populations, with the highest incidence occurring in Southern China (8% and 12% in Chinese Han and Dai respectively) and in Vietnam (11%).
• This "hidden" hypercholanemia was believed to affect 0.64% of the Southern Han, 1.44% of the Dai Chinese population, and 1.21% of the Vietnamese population.
• An increase in conjugated and unconjugated serum BA levels in the homozygous individuals was also observed.
• LBAT has been found to be downregulated in several forms of cholestatic liver injury and cholestasis, whereas ASBT has been found to be downregulated in a variety of gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease, primary bile acid malabsorption, inflammatory bowel disease, and ileal inflammation but upregulated in cholestasis.
• LBAT also functions as a cellular receptor for viral entry of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV), which in turn is the major cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
• HBV hepatitis B virus
• HDV hepatitis D virus
• ASBT inhibition has been investigated for decreasing plasma cholesterol levels and improving insulin resistance, as well as to relieving the hepatic bile acid burden in cholestatic liver disease. In addition, ASBT inhibition has been found to restore insulin levels and normoglycemia, thus establishing ASBT inhibition as a promising treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• ASBT inhibitors are also used for treatment of functional constipation. As ASBT is predominantly expressed in the ileum (where it is often referred to as IBAT), ASBT inhibitors need not be systemically available. On the other hand, ASBT is also expressed in the proximal tubule cells of the kidneys. ASBT inhibitors that are systemically available may therefore also inhibit the reuptake of bile acids in the kidneys.
• Compounds having a high ASBT inhibiting potency are particularly suitable for the treatment of liver diseases that cause cholestasis, such as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), Alagilles syndrome, biliary atresia and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
• PFIC progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
• Alagilles syndrome biliary atresia
• NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
• Biliary atresia is a rare pediatric liver disease that involves a partial or total blockage (or even absence) of large bile ducts. This blockage or absence causes cholestasis that leads to the accumulation of bile acids that damages the liver. In some embodiments, the accumulation of bile acids occurs in the extrahepatic biliary tree. In some embodiments, the accumulation of bile acids occurs in the intrahepatic biliary tree.
• the current standard of care is the Kasai procedure, which is a surgery that removes the blocked bile ducts and directly connects a portion of the small intestine to the liver. There are currently no approved drug therapies for this disorder.
• biliary atresia in a subject in need thereof, the methods comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the subject has undergone the Kasai procedure prior to administration of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the subject is administered a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, prior to undergoing the Kasai procedure.
• the treatment of biliary atresia decreases the level of serum bile acids in the subject.
• the level of serum bile acids is determined by, for example, an ELISA enzymatic assay or the assays for the measurement of total bile acids as described in Danese et al., PLoS One. 2017, vol. 12(6): e0179200, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
• the level of serum bile acids can decrease by, for example, 10% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 60%, 40% to 70%, 50% to 80%, or by more than 90% of the level of serum bile acids prior to administration of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the treatment of bilary atresia includes treatment of pruritus.
• PFIC is a rare genetic disorder that is estimated to affect between one in every 50,000 to 100,000 children born worldwide and causes progressive, life-threatening liver disease.
• PFIC Partial External Biliary Diversion
• liver transplantation One manifestation of PFIC is pruritus, which often results in a severely diminished quality of life. In some cases, PFIC leads to cirrhosis and liver failure.
• Current therapies include Partial External Biliary Diversion (PEBD) and liver transplantation, however, these options can carry substantial risk of post- surgical complications, as well as psychological and social issues.
• PEBD Partial External Biliary Diversion
• liver transplantation these options can carry substantial risk of post- surgical complications, as well as psychological and social issues.
• PFIC type 1 which is sometimes referred to as "Byler disease”
• Boler disease is caused by impaired bile secretion due to mutations in the ATP8B1 gene, which codes for a protein that helps to maintain an appropriate balance of fats known as phospholipids in cell membranes in the bile ducts. An imbalance in these phospholipids is associated with cholestasis and elevated bile acids in the liver.
• Subjects affected by PFIC, type 1 usually develop cholestasis in the first months of life and, in the absence of surgical treatment, progress to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease before the end of the first decade of life.
• PFIC type 2 which is sometimes referred to as "Byler syndrome” is caused by impaired bile salt secretion due to mutations in the ABCB11 gene, which codes for a protein, known as the bile salt export pump, that moves bile acids out of the liver.
• Subjects with PFIC, type 2 often develop liver failure within the first few years of life and are at increased risk of developing a type of liver cancer known as hepatocellular carcinoma.
• PFIC type 3 which typically presents in the first years of childhood with progressive cholestasis, is caused by mutations in the ABCB4 gene, which codes for a transporter that moves phospholipids across cell membranes.
• TJP2 gene, NR1H4 gene or Myo5b gene mutations have been proposed to be causes of PFIC.
• some subjects with PFIC do not have a mutation in any of the ATP8B1, ABCB11, ABCB4, TJP2, NR1H4 or Myo5b genes. In these cases, the cause of the condition is unknown.
• Exemplary mutations of the ATP8B1 gene or the resulting protein are listed in Tables 2 and 3, with numbering based on the human wild type ATP8B1 protein (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1) or gene (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 2).
• Exemplary mutations of the ABCB11 gene or the resulting protein are listed in Tables 4 and 5, with numbering based on the human wild type ABCB11 protein (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3) or gene (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 4).
• an amino acid position in a reference protein sequence that corresponds to a specific amino acid position in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 can be determined by aligning the reference protein sequence with SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 (e.g., using a software program, such as ClustalW2). Changes to these residues (referred to herein as "mutations") may include single or multiple amino acid substitutions, insertions within or flanking the sequences, and deletions within or flanking the sequences.
• an nucleotide position in a reference gene sequence that corresponds to a specific nucleotide position in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4 can be determined by aligning the reference gene sequence with SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4 (e.g., using a software program, such as ClustalW2). Changes to these residues (referred to herein as "mutations") may include single or multiple nucleotide substitutions, insertions within or flanking the sequences, and deletions within or flanking the sequences. See also Kooistra, et al., "KLIFS: A structural kinase-ligand interaction database," Nucleic Acids Res. 2016, vol. 44, no. Dl, pp. D365- D371, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
• Amino acid position 3 (e.g., T3K) 27 Amino acid position 23 (e.g., P23L) 5 Amino acid position 45 (e.g., N45T) 5 - 8 ' 9 Amino acid position 46 (e.g., R46X) A - 25 Amino acid position 62 (e.g., C62R) 28 Amino acid position 63 (e.g., T63T) 41 Amino acid position 70 (e.g., D70N) 1 - 6 Amino acid position 71 (e.g., R71H) 43 Amino acid position 78 (e.g., H78Q) 19 Amino acid position 82 (e.g., T82T) 41 Amino acid position 92 (e.g., Y92Y) 41
• Amino acid position 92 (e.g., Y92Y) 41
• Amino acid position 93 (e.g., A93A) 6
• Amino acid position 96 (e.g., A96G) 27
• Amino acid position 114 (e.g., E114Q) 8
• Amino acid position 127 (e.g., L127P 6 , L127V 36 )
• Amino acid position 177 (e.g., T177T) 6
• Amino acid position 179 (e.g., E179X) 29
• Amino acid position 197 (e.g., G197Lfs*10) 22
• Amino acid position 201 e.g., R201S 27 , R201H 35 .
• Amino acid position 203 (e.g., K203E 5 - 8 , K203R 9 , K203fs 25 )
• Amino acid position 205 (e.g., N205fs 6 , N205Kfs*2 35 )
• Amino acid position 209 e.g., P209T 4
• Amino acid position 217 e.g., S217N
• Amino acid position 232 (e.g., D232D) 30
• Amino acid position 233 (e.g., G233R) 38
• Amino acid position 243 (e.g., L243fs*28) 33
• Amino acid position 265 (e.g., C265R) 25
• Amino acid position 271 (e.g., R271X 13 , R271R 30 )
• Amino acid position 288 e.g., L288S 6
• Amino acid position 294 (e.g., L294S) 43
• Amino acid position 296 (e.g., R296C) 11
• Amino acid position 305 (e.g., F305I) 28
• Amino acid position 306 (e.g., C306R) 23
• Amino acid position 307 (e.g., H307L) 35
• Amino acid position 308 (e.g., G308V 1 , G308D 6 , G308S 35 )
• Amino acid position 314 (e.g., G314S) 13
• Amino acid position 320 (e.g., M320Vfs*13) n
• Amino acid position 337 (e.g., M337R) 18
• Amino acid position 338 (e.g., N338K) 18
• Amino acid position 340 (e.g., M340V) 18
• Amino acid position 344 (e.g., I344F) 6 - 20
• Amino acid position 349 e.g., I349T
• Amino acid position 358 e.g., G358R
• Amino acid position 367 (e.g., G367G) 41
• Amino acid position 368 (e.g., N368D) 41
• Amino acid position 393 (e.g., 1393V) 27
• Amino acid position 403 (e.g., S403Y) 6
• Amino acid position 407 (e.g., S407N) 40
• Amino acid position 412 e.g., R412P 6
• Amino acid position 415 (e.g., Q415R) 27
• Amino acid position 422 (e.g., D422H) 35
• Amino acid position 429 e.g., E429A 6
• Amino acid position 446 (e.g., G446R) 411
• Amino acid position 453 e.g., S453Y 6
• Amino acid position 454 e.g., D454G 6
• Amino acid position 455 (e.g., K455N) 43
• Amino acid position 456 (e.g., T456M 3 - 6 , T456K 35 )
• Amino acid position 457 (e.g., G457G 6 , G457fs*6 33 )
• Amino acid position 469 (e.g., C469G) 41
• Amino acid position 478 (e.g., H478H) 41
• Amino acid position 500 (e.g., Y500H) 6
• Amino acid position 525 (e.g., R525X) 4
• Amino acid position 535 (e.g., H535L 6 , H535N 41 )
• Amino acid position 553 (e.g., P553P) 43
• Amino acid position 554 (e.g., D554N 1 - 6 , D554A 35 )
• Amino acid position 570 (e.g., L570L) 41
• Amino acid position 577 (e.g., 1577V) 19
• Amino acid position 581 (e.g., E581K) 35
• Amino acid positions 554 and 581 e.g., D554A+E581K 35
• Amino acid position 585 (e.g., E585X) 21
• Amino acid position 600 (e.g., R600W 2 - 4 , R6000 6 )
• Amino acid position 602 (e.g., R602X) 3 - 6
• Amino acid position 628 (e.g., R628W) 6
• Amino acid position 631 (e.g., R631Q) 28
• Amino acid position 661 e.g., I661T 1AS
• Amino acid position 665 (e.g., E665X) 4 - 6
• Amino acid position 672 (e.g., K672fs 6 , K672Vfs*l 35 )
• Amino acid position 674 (e.g., M674T) 19
• Amino acid positions 78 and 674 e.g., H78Q/M674T 19
• Amino acid position 684 (e.g., D684D) 41
• Amino acid position 688 (e.g., D688G) 6
• Amino acid position 694 (e.g., I694T 6 , I694N 17 )
• Amino acid position 695 (e.g., E695K) 27
• Amino acid position 709 (e.g., K709fs 6 , K709Qfs*41 13 )
• Amino acid position 717 (e.g., T717N) 4
• Amino acid position 733 (e.g., G733R) 6
• Amino acid position 757 (e.g., Y757X) 4
• Amino acid position 749 (e.g., L749P) 21
• Amino acid position 792 (e.g., P792fs) 6
• Amino acid position 809 (e.g., I809L) 27
• Amino acid position 814 (e.g., K814N) 28
• Amino acid position 833 (e.g., R833Q 27 , R833W 41 )
• Amino acid position 835 (e.g., K835Rfs*36) 35
• Amino acid position 845 (e.g., K845fs) 25
• Amino acid position 849 (e.g., R849Q) 24
• Amino acid position 853 e.g., F853S, F853fs 6
• Amino acid position 867 (e.g., R867C 1 , R867fs 6 , R867H 23 )
• Amino acid position 885 (e.g., K885T) 41
• Amino acid position 888 (e.g., T888T) 41
• Amino acid position 892 e.g., G892R 6
• Amino acid position 912 (e.g., G912R) 35
• Amino acid position 921 (e.g., S921S) 41
• Amino acid position 924 (e.g., Y924C) 28 Amino acid position 930 (e.g., R930X 6 , R930Q 28 )
• Amino acid position 941 (e.g., R941X) 35
• Amino acid position 946 (e.g., R946T) 41
• Amino acid position 952 (e.g., R952Q 5 ' 915 , R952X 6 )
• Amino acid position 958 (e.g., N958fs) 6
• Amino acid position 960 (e.g., A960A) 41
• Amino acid position 976 (e.g., A976E 41 , A976A 43 )
• Amino acid position 981 (e.g., E981K) 20
• Amino acid position 994 (e.g., S994R) 4
• Amino acid position 1011 (e.g., L1011fs*18) 33
• Amino acid position 1012 (e.g., S1012I) 10
• Amino acid position 1014 (e.g., R1014X) 611
• Amino acid position 1015 (e.g., F1015L) 27
• Amino acid position 1023 (e.g., Q1023fs) 6
• Amino acid position 1040 (e.g., G1040R) 1 - 6
• Amino acid position 1044 (e.g., S0144L) 34
• Amino acid position 1047 (e.g., L1047fs) 6
• Amino acid position 1050 e.g., I1050K
• Amino acid position 1052 (e.g., L1052R) 28
• Amino acid position 1095 (e.g., W1095X) 11
• Amino acid position 1098 (e.g., V1098X) 35
• Amino acid position 1131 e.g., Q1131X 44
• Amino acid position 1142 (e.g., A1142Tfs*35) 43
• Amino acid position 1144 (e.g., Y1144Y) 43
• Amino acid position 1150 (e.g., I1150T) 41
• Amino acid position 1152 (e.g., A1152T) 30
• Amino acid position 1159 (e.g., P1159P) 25 - 43
• Amino acid position 1164 (e.g., R1164X) 6
• Amino acid position 1193 (e.g., R1193fs*39) 33
• Amino acid position 1197 (e.g., V1197L) 41
• Amino acid position 1208 (e.g., A1208fs) 6
• Amino acid position 1209 e.g., Y1209Lfs*28
• Amino acid position 1211 e.g., F1211L
• Amino acid position 1219 (e.g., D1219H 5 , D1219G 27 )
• Amino acid position 1223 (e.g., S1223S) 41
• Amino acid position 1233 (e.g., P1233P) 41
• Amino acid position 1241 (e.g., G1241fs) 6
• Amino acid position 1248 (e.g., T1248T) 43
• Amino acid position 209 e.g., P209T
• Amino acid position 23 (e.g., P23L) 5
• Amino acid position 78 (e.g., H78Q) 19
• Amino acid position 93 (e.g., A93A) 6
• Amino acid position 96 (e.g., A96G) 27
• Amino acid position 127 (e.g., L127P) 6
• Amino acid position 197 (e.g., G197Lfs*10) 22
• Amino acid position 205 (e.g., N205fs) 6
• Amino acid position 209 e.g., P209T 4
• Amino acid position 233 (e.g., G233R) 38
• Amino acid position 243 (e.g., L243fs*28) 33
• Amino acid position 288 e.g., L288S 6
• Amino acid position 296 (e.g., R296C) 11
• Amino acid position 308 (e.g., G308V 1 - 6 )
• Amino acid position 320 (e.g., M320Vfs*13) n
• Amino acid position 403 (e.g., S403Y) 6
• Amino acid position 407 (e.g., S407N) 40
• Amino acid position 412 e.g., R412P 6
• Amino acid position 415 (e.g., Q415R) 27
• Amino acid position 429 e.g., E429A 6
• Amino acid position 446 (e.g., G446R) 4
• Amino acid position 456 (e.g., T456M) 3 - 6
• Amino acid position 457 (e.g., G457G 6 , G457fs*6 33 )
• Amino acid position 500 (e.g., Y500H) 6
• Amino acid position 525 (e.g., R525X) 4
• Amino acid position 535 e.g., H535L 6
• Amino acid position 554 (e.g., D554N) 1 - 6
• Amino acid position 577 (e.g., 1577V) 19
• Amino acid position 585 (e.g., E585X) 21
• Amino acid position 600 (e.g., R600W) 4
• Amino acid position 602 (e.g., R602X) 3 - 6
• Amino acid position 661 (e.g., I661T) 4 - 6
• Amino acid position 665 (e.g., E665X) 4 - 6
• Amino acid position 672 (e.g., K672fs) 6
• Amino acid position 674 (e.g., M674T) 19
• Amino acid positions 78 and 674 e.g., H78Q/M674T 19
• Amino acid position 688 (e.g., D688G) 6
• Amino acid position 694 (e.g., I694N) 17
• Amino acid position 695 (e.g., E695K) 27
• Amino acid position 709 e.g., K709fs 6
• Amino acid position 717 (e.g., T717N) 4
• Amino acid position 733 (e.g., G733R) 6
• Amino acid position 749 (e.g., L749P) 21
• Amino acid position 757 (e.g., Y757X) 4
• Amino acid position 792 (e.g., P792fs) 6
• Amino acid position 809 (e.g., I809L) 27
• Amino acid position 853 e.g., F853S, F853fs 6
• Amino acid position 867 (e.g., R867fs) 6
• Amino acid position 892 e.g., G892R 6
• Amino acid position 930 (e.g., R930X 6 , R952Q 15 )
• Amino acid position 952 (e.g., R952X) 6
• Amino acid position 958 (e.g., N958fs) 6
• Amino acid position 981 (e.g., E981K) 20
• Amino acid position 994 (e.g., S994R) 4
• Amino acid position 1014 (e.g., R1014X) 611 Amino acid position 1015 (e.g., F1015L) 27
• Amino acid position 1023 (e.g., Q1023fs) 6
• Amino acid position 1040 (e.g., G1040R) 1 - 6
• Amino acid position 1047 (e.g., L1047fs) 6
• Amino acid position 1095 (e.g., W1095X) 11
• Amino acid position 1208 (e.g., A1208fs) 6
• Amino acid position 1209 (e.g., Y1209Lfs*28) 4
• Amino acid position 1211 e.g., F1211L
• Amino acid position 1219 (e.g., D1219H 5 , D1219G 27 )
• Amino acid position 209 e.g., P209T
• a A mutation to 'X' denotes an early stop codon
• the mutation in ATP8B1 is selected from L127P, G308V, T456M, D554N, F529del, I661T, E665X, R930X, R952X, R1014X, and G1040R.
• Amino acid position 1 (e.g., M1V) 9
• Amino acid position 4 (e.g., S4X) A - 64
• Amino acid position 8 (e.g., R8X) 88
• Amino acid position 19 (e.g., G19R) 56
• Amino acid position 24 (e.g., K24X) 35
• Amino acid position 25 (e.g., S25X) 5 14
• Amino acid position 26 (e.g., Y26lfs*7) 38
• Amino acid position 36 (e.g., D36D) 27
• Amino acid position 38 (e.g., K38Rfs*24) 73
• Amino acid position 43 (e.g., V43I) 57
• Amino acid position 49 (e.g., Q49X) 73
• Amino acid position 50 e.g., L50S, L50W
• Amino acid position 50 e.g., L50S, L50W
• Amino acid position 52 (e.g., R52W 26 , R52R 28 )
• Amino acid position 56 (e.g., S56L) 58
• Amino acid position 58 e.g., D58N
• Amino acid position 62 (e.g., M62K) 9
• Amino acid position 66 (e.g., S66N) 17
• Amino acid position 68 (e.g., C68Y) 41
• Amino acid position 50 (e.g., L50S) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 71 (e.g., L71H) 73
• Amino acid position 74 (e.g., I74R) 71
• Amino acid position 77 (e.g., P77A) 73
• Amino acid position 87 (e.g., T87R) 67
• Amino acid position 90 (e.g., F90F) 7 - 27
• Amino acid position 93 (e.g., Y93S 13 , Y93X 88 )
• Amino acid position 96 (e.g., E96X) 88 Amino acid position 97 (e.g., L97X) 39
• Amino acid position 101 (e.g., Q101Dfs*8) 9
• Amino acid position 107 e.g., C107R
• Amino acid position 112 (e.g., I112T) 9
• Amino acid position 114 (e.g., W114R) 2 - 9
• Amino acid position 123 (e.g. M123T) 67
• Amino acid position 127 (e.g., T127Hfs*6) 5
• Amino acid position 129 (e.g., C129Y) 25
• Amino acid position 130 e.g., G130G
• Amino acid position 134 (e.g., I134I) 28
• Amino acid position 135 (e.g., E135K 713 , E135L 17 )
• Amino acid position 137 (e.g., E137K) 7
• Amino acid position 157 (e.g., Y157C) 5
• Amino acid position 161 (e.g., C161X) 39
• Amino acid position 164 (e.g., V164Gfs*7 30 , V164I 85 )
• Amino acid position 167 (e.g., A167S 4 , A167V 7 , A167T 9 - 17 )
• Amino acid position 181 (e.g., R181I) 35
• Amino acid position 182 (e.g., I182K) 9
• Amino acid position 183 (e.g., M183V 8 , M183T 9 )
• Amino acid position 185 (e.g., M185I) 73
• Amino acid position 186 (e.g., E186G) 2 - 7 ' 22
• Amino acid position 188 (e.g., G188W) 73
• Amino acid position 194 (e.g., S194P) 7
• Amino acid position 198 (e.g., L198P) 7
• Amino acid position 199 (e.g., N199lfs*15X) 88
• Amino acid position 206 (e.g., 1206V) 28
• Amino acid position 212 (e.g., A212T) 73
• Amino acid position 217 (e.g., M217R) 88
• Amino acid position 225 (e.g., T225P) 57
• Amino acid position 226 (e.g., S226L) 9
• Amino acid position 232 (e.g., L232Cfs*9) 9
• Amino acid position 233 (e.g., L233S) 86
• Amino acid position 238 (e.g., G238V) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 242 (e.g., T242I) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 245 (e.g., l245Tfs*26) 57
• Amino acid position 256 (e.g., A256G) 9
• Amino acid position 260 (e.g., G260D) 7
• Amino acid position 269 (e.g., Y269Y) 27
• Amino acid position 277 (e.g., A277E) 77
• Amino acid position 283 (e.g., E283D) 73
• Amino acid positions 212 and 283 e.g., A212T+E283D
• Amino acid positions 212 and 283 e.g., A212T+E283D
• Amino acid position 284 (e.g., V284L 7 - 39 , V284A 7 , V284D 23 )
• Amino acid position 297 (e.g., E297G 1 - 2 ' 5 - 7 , E297K 7 )
• Amino acid position 299 e.g., R299K 28
• Amino acid position 303 (e.g., R303K 8 , R303M 63 R303fsX321 83 )
• Amino acid position 304 (e.g., Y304X) 26
• Amino acid position 312 e.g., Q312H 7
• Amino acid position 313 (e.g., R313S) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 314 e.g., W314X
• Amino acid position 318 (e.g., K318Rfs*26) 29
• Amino acid position 319 e.g., G319G 7
• Amino acid position 327 (e.g., G327E) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 330 (e.g., W330X) 24
• Amino acid position 336 (e.g., C336S) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 337 (e.g., Y337H) 21 - 27
• Amino acid position 342 (e.g., W342G) 50
• Amino acid position 354 (e.g., R354X) 9
• Amino acid position 361 (e.g., Q361X 57 , Q361R 74 )
• Amino acid position 366 (e.g., V366V 28 , V366D 57 )
• Amino acid position 368 (e.g., V368Rfs*27) 5
• Amino acid position 374 (e.g., G374S) 3
• Amino acid position 380 (e.g., L380Wfs*18) 5
• Amino acid position 382 (e.g., A382G) 88
• Amino acid position 387 e.g., R387H
• Amino acid position 390 e.g., A390P
• Amino acid position 395 e.g., E395E 28
• Amino acid position 404 (e.g., D404G) 9
• Amino acid position 410 (e.g., G410D) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 413 (e.g., L413W) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 415 (e.g., R415X) 42
• Amino acid position 416 (e.g., I416I) 27
• Amino acid position 420 (e.g., I420T) 9
• Amino acid position 423 (e.g., H423R) 13
• Amino acid position 432 (e.g., R432T) 1 - 2 ' 7
• Amino acid position 436 (e.g., K436N) 40
• Amino acid position 440 (e.g., D440E) 88
• Amino acid position 444 e.g., V444A 2
• Amino acid position 454 (e.g., V454X) 49
• Amino acid position 455 e.g., G455E 9
• Amino acid position 457 (e.g., S457Vfs*23) 88
• Amino acid position 461 (e.g., K461E) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 462 (e.g., S462R) 88
• Amino acid position 463 (e.g., T463I) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 466 (e.g., Q466K) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 470 (e.g., R470Q 5 - 7 , R470X 9 )
• Amino acid position 471 (e.g., Y472X) 5
• Amino acid position 472 (e.g., Y472C 5 - 27 , Y472X 14 )
• Amino acid position 473 (e.g., D473Q 35 , D473V 88 )
• Amino acid position 475 (e.g., C475X) 29
• Amino acid position 481 (e.g., V481E) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 482 (e.g., D482G) 2 - 5 ' 7
• Amino acid position 484 (e.g., H484Rfs*5) 9
• Amino acid position 487 (e.g., R487H 2 , R487P 5 )
• Amino acid position 490 (e.g., N490D) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 493 (e.g., W493X) 8
• Amino acid positon 496 (e.g., D496V) 88
• Amino acid position 498 e.g., I498T
• Amino acid position 499 e.g., G499E
• Amino acid position 501 e.g., V501G
• Amino acid position 501 e.g., V501G
• Amino acid position 504 (e.g., E504K) 79
• Amino acid position 510 (e.g., T510T) 7
• Amino acid position 512 (e.g., I512T) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 515 (e.g., N515T 5 - 7 , N515D 64 )
• Amino acid position 516 (e.g., I516M) 17
• Amino acid position 517 (e.g., R517H) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 520 (e.g., R520X) 5
• Amino acid position 523 (e.g., A523G) 13
• Amino acid position 528 (e.g., l528Sfs*21 5 , I528X 9 , I528T 73 )
• Amino acid position 535 (e.g., A535A 7 , A535X 89 )
• Amino acid position 540 (e.g., F540L) 46
• Amino acid position 541 (e.g., I541L 5 - 7 , I541T 517 )
• Amino acid position 546 (e.g., Q546K 39 , Q546H 73 )
• Amino acid position 548 (e.g., F548Y) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 549 e.g., D549V
• Amino acid position 554 e.g., E554K
• Amino acid position 556 (e.g., G556R) 67
• Amino acid position 558 (e.g., Q558FI) 23
• Amino acid position 559 (e.g., M559T) 57
• Amino acid position 562 (e.g., G562D 5 - 7 , G562S 73 )
• Amino acid position 570 (e.g., A570T 2 - 5 ' 7 , A570V 26 )
• Amino acid position 575 (e.g., R575X 2 - 5 , R575Q 21 )
• Amino acid position 580 (e.g., L580P) 57
• Amino acid position 586 (e.g., T586I) 7
• Amino acid position 587 (e.g., S587X) 73
• Amino acid position 588 (e.g., A588V 5 - 7 , A588P 73 )
• Amino acid position 591 e.g., N591S 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 593 (e.g., S593R) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 597 (e.g., V597V 9 , V597L 13 )
• Amino acid position 603 (e.g., K603K) 55
• Amino acid position 609 e.g., H609Hfs*46
• Amino acid position 610 e.g., l610Gfs*45 9 , I610T 57 ) 9
• Amino acid position 615 (e.g., H615R) 26
• Amino acid position 616 (e.g., R616G 28 , R616H 73 )
• Amino acid position 619 (e.g., T619A) 28
• Amino acid position 623 (e.g., A623A) 28
• Amino acid position 625 (e.g., T625Nfs*5) 26
• Amino acid position 627 (e.g., I627T) 7
• Amino acid position 628 (e.g., G628Wfs*3) 70
• Amino acid position 636 (e.g., E636G) 2
• Amino acid position 648 (e.g., G648Vfs*6 5 , G648V 50 )
• Amino acid position 655 (e.g., T655I) 7
• Amino acid position 669 (e.g., 1669V) 26
• Amino acid position 676 (e.g., D676Y) 11
• Amino acid position 677 (e.g., M677V) 713
• Amino acid position 679 (e.g., A679V) 58
• Amino acid position 685 (e.g., G685W) 60
• Amino acid position 696 (e.g., R696W 27 , R696Q 58 )
• Amino acid position 698 (e.g., R698H 7 - 9 , R698K 61 , R698C 88 )
• Amino acid position 699 (e.g., S699P) 9
• Amino acid position 701 (e.g., S701P) 58
• Amino acid position 702 (e.g., Q702X) 89
• Amino acid position 709 (e.g., E709K) 7
• Amino acid position 710 (e.g., P710P) 7
• Amino acid position 712 (e.g., L712L) 28
• Amino acid position 721 (e.g., Y721C) 88
• Amino acid position 729 (e.g., D724N) 39
• Amino acid position 731 (e.g., P731S) 23
• Amino acid position 740 (e.g., P740Qfs*6) 73
• Amino acid position 758 (e.g., G758R) 5
• Amino acid position 766 (e.g., G766R) 5 - 24
• Amino acid position 772 (e.g., Y772X) 5
• Amino acid position 804 (e.g., A804A) 7
• Amino acid position 806 e.g., G806D 44 , G806G 55
• Amino acid position 809 e.g., S809F
• Amino acid position 817 (e.g., G817G) 88
• Amino acid position 818 (e.g., Y818F) 7
• Amino acid position 824 (e.g., G824E) 42
• Amino acid position 825 (e.g., G825G) 73
• Amino acid position 830 (e.g., R830Gfs*28) 73
• Amino acid position 832 (e.g., R832C 7 - 26 , R832FI 41 )
• Amino acid position 842 (e.g., D842G) 2
• Amino acid position 848 (e.g., D848N) 73
• Amino acid position 855 (e.g., G855R) 11
• Amino acid position 859 (e.g., T859R) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 865 (e.g., A865V) 27
• Amino acid position 866 (e.g., S866A) 57
• Amino acid position 868 (e.g., V868D) 73
• Amino acid position 869 (e.g., Q869P) 73
• Amino acid position 875 (e.g., Q875X) 73
• Amino acid position 877 (e.g., G877R) 56
• Amino acid position 879 (e.g., I879R) 88
• Amino acid position 893 (e.g., A893V) 57
• Amino acid position 901 (e.g., S901R 17 , S901I 73 )
• Amino acid position 903 (e.g., V903G) 57
• Amino acid position 923 (e.g., T923P) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 926 (e.g., A926P) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 928 (e.g., R928X 15 , R928Q 40 )
• Amino acid position 930 (e.g., K930X 5 , K930Efs*79 5 - 10 , K930Efs*49 26 )
• Amino acid position 931 (e.g., Q931P) 27
• Amino acid position 945 (e.g., S945N) 57
• Amino acid position 948 (e.g., R948C) 5 - 7 ' 26
• Amino acid position 958 (e.g., R958Q) 28
• Amino acid position 969 (e.g., K969K) 88
• Amino acid position 973 (e.g., T973I) 57 Amino acid position 976 (e.g., Q976R 58 , Q976X 88 )
• Amino acid position 979 (e.g., N979D) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 981 (e.g., Y981Y) 28
• Amino acid position 982 (e.g., G982R) 2 - 5 ' 7
• Amino acid positions 444 and 982 e.g., V444A+G982R
• Amino acid position 995 e.g., A995A
• Amino acid position 1001 (e.g., R1001R) 9
• Amino acid position 1003 (e.g., G1003R) 24
• Amino acid position 1004 (e.g., G1004D) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 1027 (e.g., S1027R) 26
• Amino acid position 1028 (e.g., A1028A 7 10 ' 88 , A1028E 88 )
• Amino acid position 1029 (e.g., T1029K) 5
• Amino acid position 1032 (e.g., G1032R) 12
• Amino acid position 1041 (e.g., Y1041X) 9
• Amino acid position 1044 (e.g., A1044P) 88
• Amino acid position 1050 (e.g., R1050C) 2 - 7 ' 57
• Amino acid position 1053 (e.g., Q1053X) 57
• Amino acid position 1055 (e.g., L1055P) 36
• Amino acid position 1057 (e.g., R1057X 2 , R1057Q 58 )
• Amino acid position 1058 (e.g., Q1058Hfs*38 9 , Q1058fs*38 17 , Q1058X 73 )
• Amino acid position 1061 (e.g., H061Vfs*34) 9
• Amino acid position 1083 (e.g., C1083Y) 47
• Amino acid position 1086 (e.g., T1086T) 28
• Amino acid position 1090 (e.g., R1090X) 2 - 5
• Amino acid position 1099 (e.g., L1099Lfs*38) 26
• Amino acid position 1100 (e.g., S1100Qfs*38) 13
• Amino acid position 1110 (e.g., AlllOE) 5,7
• Amino acid position 1112 e.g., V1112F
• Amino acid position 1116 (e.g., G1116R 7 , G1116F 9 - 17 , G1116E 36 )
• Amino acid position 1120 (e.g., S1120N) 88
• Amino acid position 1128 (e.g., R1128H 2 - 7 , R1128C 5 - 7 ' 13 )
• Amino acid position 1131 e.g., D1131V
• Amino acid position 1144 (e.g., S1144R) 7 Amino acid position 1147 (e.g., V1147X) 5
• Amino acid position 1153 (e.g., R1153C 2 - 5 ' 7 , R1153H 5 )
• Amino acid position 1154 (e.g., S1154P) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 1162 (e.g., E1162X) 39
• Amino acid position 1164 (e.g., V1164Gfs*7)
• Amino acid position 1173 (e.g., N1173D) 57
• Amino acid position 1175 (e.g., K1175T) 58
• Amino acid position 1186 (e.g., E1186K) 7
• Amino acid position 1192 (e.g., A1192Efs*50) 9
• Amino acid position 1196 (e.g., Q1196X) 88
• Amino acid position 1197 (e.g., L1197G) 7
• Amino acid position 1198 (e.g., H1198R) 27
• Amino acid position 1204 (e.g., L1204P) 88
• Amino acid position 1208 (e.g. Y1208C) 73
• Amino acid position 1210 (e.g., T1210P 5 - 7 , T1210F 57 )
• Amino acid position 1211 e.g., N1211D 7
• Amino acid position 1212 e.g., V1212F
• Amino acid position 1215 (e.g., Q1215X) 5
• Amino acid position 1221 e.g., R1221K 53
• Amino acid position 1223 (e.g., E1223D) 7
• Amino acid position 1226 (e.g., R1226P) 73
• Amino acid position 1228 (e.g., A1228V) 7
• Amino acid position 1231 (e.g., R1231W 5 - 7 , R1231Q 5 - 7 )
• Amino acid position 1232 (e.g., A1232D) 17
• Amino acid position 1235 (e.g., R1235X) 5 12
• Amino acid position 1242 (e.g., L1242I) 5 - 7
• Amino acid position 1243 (e.g., D1243G) 67
• Amino acid position 1249 (e.g., L1249X) 73
• Amino acid position 1256 (e.g., T1256fs*1296) 83
• Amino acid position 1268 (e.g., R1268Q) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 1276 (e.g., R1276H) 30
• Amino acid position 1283 (e.g., A1283A 28 , A1283V 88 ) Amino acid position 1292 (e.g., G1292V) 73
• Amino acid position 1298 e.g., G1298R 5
• Amino acid position 1302 (e.g., E1302X) 5
• Amino acid position 1311 e.g., Y1311X
• Amino acid position 1316 (e.g., T1316Lfs*64) 15
• Amino acid position 1321 (e.g., S1321N) 57
• Amino acid position 1 (e.g., M1V) 9
• Amino acid position 4 (e.g., S4X) 64
• Amino acid position 19 (e.g., G19R) 56
• Amino acid position 25 (e.g., S25X) 14
• Amino acid position 26 (e.g., Y26lfs*7) 38
• Amino acid position 50 (e.g., L50S) 7 - 57
• Amino acid position 52 (e.g., R52W) 26
• Amino acid position 58 e.g., D58N
• Amino acid position 62 (e.g., M62K) 9
• Amino acid position 66 (e.g., S66N) 17
• Amino acid position 68 (e.g., C68Y) 41
• Amino acid position 93 e.g., Y93S
• Amino acid position 101 e.g., Q101Dfs*8
• Amino acid position 107 e.g., C107R
• Amino acid position 112 (e.g., I112T) 9
• Amino acid position 114 (e.g., W114R) 2 - 9
• Amino acid position 129 (e.g., C129Y) 25
• Amino acid position 135 (e.g., E135K 13 , E135L 17 )
• Amino acid position 167 (e.g., A167V 7 , A167T 917 )
• Amino acid position 182 (e.g., I182K) 9
• Amino acid position 183 (e.g., M183V 8 , M183T 9 )
• Amino acid position 225 (e.g., T225P) 57
• Amino acid position 226 (e.g., S226L) 9
• Amino acid position 232 (e.g., L232Cfs*9) 9
• Amino acid position 233 (e.g., L233S) 86
• Amino acid position 238 (e.g., G238V) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 242 (e.g., T242I) 7
• Amino acid position 245 (e.g., l245Tfs*26) 57
• Amino acid position 256 (e.g., A256G) 9
• Amino acid position 260 e.g., G260D
• Amino acid position 260 e.g., G260D
• Amino acid position 284 (e.g., V284L) 7
• Amino acid position 297 (e.g., E297G) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 303 (e.g., R303K 8 , R303M 63 , R303fsX321 83 )
• Amino acid position 304 (e.g., Y304X) 26
• Amino acid position 312 e.g., Q312H 7
• Amino acid position 313 e.g., R313S 7
• Amino acid position 314 e.g., W314X
• Amino acid position 318 (e.g., K318Rfs*26) 29
• Amino acid position 327 e.g., G327E 7
• Amino acid position 330 (e.g., V330X) 24
• Amino acid position 336 (e.g., C336S) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 337 (e.g., Y337H) 21
• Amino acid position 342 (e.g., W342G) 50
• Amino acid position 354 (e.g., R354X) 9
• Amino acid position 361 e.g., Q361X
• Amino acid position 366 e.g., V366D
• Amino acid position 386 (e.g., G386X) 34
• Amino acid position 387 (e.g., R387H) 9
• Amino acid position 390 (e.g., A390P) 7
• Amino acid position 410 (e.g., G410D) 7
• Amino acid position 413 e.g., L413W 7
• Amino acid position 415 (e.g., R415X) 42
• Amino acid position 420 (e.g., I420T) 9
• Amino acid position 454 (e.g., V454X) 49
• Amino acid position 455 e.g., G455E 9
• Amino acid position 461 (e.g., K461E) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 463 (e.g., T463I) 7
• Amino acid position 466 e.g., Q466K 7
• Amino acid position 470 (e.g., R470Q 7 , R470X 9 )
• Amino acid position 472 (e.g., Y472X 14 , Y472C 27 )
• Amino acid position 475 (e.g., C475X) 29
• Amino acid position 481 (e.g., V481E) 7
• Amino acid position 482 (e.g., D482G) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 484 (e.g., H484Rfs*5) 9
• Amino acid position 487 (e.g., R487H 2 , R487P 84 )
• Amino acid position 490 (e.g., N490D) 7
• Amino acid position 493 (e.g., W493X) 8
• Amino acid position 498 e.g., I498T 7
• Amino acid position 501 e.g., V501G
• Amino acid position 501 e.g., V501G
• Amino acid position 512 (e.g., I512T) 7
• Amino acid position 515 (e.g., N515T 7 , N515D 64 )
• Amino acid position 516 (e.g., I516M) 17
• Amino acid position 517 e.g., R517H
• Amino acid position 520 (e.g., R520X) 57
• Amino acid position 523 (e.g., A523G) 13
• Amino acid position 528 (e.g., I528X) 9
• Amino acid position 540 (e.g., F540L) 46 Amino acid position 541 (e.g., I541L 7 , I541T 17 )
• Amino acid position 548 e.g., F548Y 7
• Amino acid position 549 e.g., D549V
• Amino acid position 554 e.g., E554K
• Amino acid position 559 (e.g., M559T) 57
• Amino acid position 562 (e.g., G562D) 7
• Amino acid position 570 (e.g., A570T 7 , A570V 26 )
• Amino acid position 575 (e.g., R575X 2 , R575Q 21 )
• Amino acid position 588 e.g., A588V 7
• Amino acid position 591 e.g., N591S 917
• Amino acid position 593 (e.g., S593R) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 597 (e.g., V597V 9 , V597L 13 )
• Amino acid positions 591 and 597 e.g., N591S+V597V
• Amino acid position 603 (e.g., K603K) 55
• Amino acid position 609 (e.g., H609Hfs*46) 26
• Amino acid position 610 (e.g., l610Gfs*45) 9
• Amino acid position 615 (e.g., H615R) 26
• Amino acid position 625 (e.g., T625Nfs*5) 26
• Amino acid position 627 (e.g., I627T) 7
• Amino acid position 636 (e.g., E636G) 2
• Amino acid position 669 (e.g., 1669V) 26
• Amino acid position 698 (e.g., R609H) 9
• Amino acid positions 112 and 698 e.g., I112T+R698H
• Amino acid position 699 (e.g., S699P) 9
• Amino acid position 766 (e.g., G766R) 24
• Amino acid position 806 (e.g., G806G) 55
• Amino acid position 824 (e.g., G824E) 42
• Amino acid position 832 (e.g., R832C 7 - 26 , R832H 41 )
• Amino acid position 842 (e.g., D842G) 2
• Amino acid position 859 (e.g., T859R) 7
• Amino acid position 865 (e.g., A865V) 45
• Amino acid position 877 (e.g., G877R) 56
• Amino acid position 893 e.g., A893V
• Amino acid position 901 e.g., S901R
• Amino acid position 903 (e.g., V903G) 57
• Amino acid position 928 (e.g., R928X) 15 - 21
• Amino acid position 930 (e.g., K930Efs*79 10 , K930Efs*49 26 )
• Amino acid position 948 (e.g., R948C) 7 - 26
• Amino acid position 979 (e.g., N979D) 7
• Amino acid position 982 (e.g., G982R) 2 - 7
• Amino acid positions 444 and 982 e.g., V444A+G982R
• Amino acid position 1001 (e.g., R1001R) 9
• Amino acid position 1003 (e.g., G1003R) 24
• Amino acid position 1004 (e.g., G1004D) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 1027 (e.g., S1027R) 26
• Amino acid position 1028 (e.g., A1028A) 10
• Amino acid position 1032 (e.g., G1032R) 12
• Amino acid position 1041 (e.g., Y1041X) 9
• Amino acid position 1050 (e.g., R1050C) 57
• Amino acid position 1053 (e.g., Q1053X) 57
• Amino acid position 1055 (e.g., L1055P) 36
• Amino acid position 1057 (e.g., R1057X) 2
• Amino acid position 1058 (e.g., Q1058Hfs*38 9 , Q1058fs*38 17 )
• Amino acid position 1061 (e.g., H061Vfs*34) 9
• Amino acid position 1083 (e.g., C1083Y) 47
• Amino acid position 1090 (e.g., R1090X) 2
• Amino acid position 1099 (e.g., L1099Lfs*38) 26
• Amino acid position 1100 (e.g., S1100Qfs*38) 13
• Amino acid position 1110 e.g., A1110E 7
• Amino acid position 1116 (e.g., G1116R 7 , G1116F 9 - 17 , G1116E 36 )
• Amino acid position 1128 (e.g., R1128C) 7 13
• Amino acid position 1131 e.g., D1131V
• Amino acid position 1144 (e.g., S1144R) 7
• Amino acid position 1153 (e.g., R1153C 2 - 7 , R1153H 7 - 26 )
• Amino acid position 1154 (e.g., S1154P) 7 Amino acid position 1173 (e.g., N1173D) 57
• Amino acid position 1192 (e.g., A1192Efs*50) 9
• Amino acid position 1198 (e.g., H1198R) 27
• Amino acid position 1210 (e.g., T1210P 7 , T1210F 57 )
• Amino acid position 1211 e.g., N1211D 7
• Amino acid position 1212 e.g., V1212F
• Amino acid position 1231 (e.g., R1231W 7 , R1223Q 7 )
• Amino acid position 1232 (e.g., A1232D) 17
• Amino acid position 1235 (e.g., R1235X) 12
• Amino acid position 1242 (e.g., L1242I) 7
• Amino acid position 1256 (e.g., T1256fs*1296) 83
• Amino acid position 1268 (e.g., R1268Q) 2 - 7
• Amino acid position 1302 (e.g. E1302X) 57
• Amino acid position 1311 e.g., Y1311X
• Amino acid position 1316 (e.g., T1316Lfs*64) 15

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Cited By (25)

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Citations (61)

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• 2020
  • 2020-12-04 WO PCT/EP2020/084569 patent/WO2021110885A1/en not_active Ceased
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  • 2020-12-04 EP EP20821142.5A patent/EP4069247B1/en active Active
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