WO2021106749A1 - 光学部材および画像表示装置 - Google Patents

光学部材および画像表示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021106749A1
WO2021106749A1 PCT/JP2020/043253 JP2020043253W WO2021106749A1 WO 2021106749 A1 WO2021106749 A1 WO 2021106749A1 JP 2020043253 W JP2020043253 W JP 2020043253W WO 2021106749 A1 WO2021106749 A1 WO 2021106749A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
diffraction element
light
light guide
optical member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2020/043253
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
佐藤　寛
克己 篠田
齊藤　之人
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Corp
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Fujifilm Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fujifilm Corp filed Critical Fujifilm Corp
Priority to JP2021561361A priority Critical patent/JP7561763B2/ja
Priority to CN202080081624.4A priority patent/CN114730042B/zh
Publication of WO2021106749A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021106749A1/ja
Priority to US17/752,210 priority patent/US11796854B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133524—Light-guides, e.g. fibre-optic bundles, louvered or jalousie light-guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0026—Wavelength selective element, sheet or layer, e.g. filter or grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0056—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide for producing polarisation effects, e.g. by a surface with polarizing properties or by an additional polarizing elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133541—Circular polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133637—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation characterised by the wavelength dispersion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical member that propagates light and an image display device that uses this optical member.
  • AR glasses In recent years, AR (Augmented Reality) glasses have been put into practical use, which superimpose virtual images and various kinds of information on a scene actually viewed as described in Patent Document 1. .. AR glasses are also called smart glasses, head-mounted displays (HMD (Head Mounted Display)), AR glasses, and the like.
  • HMD Head Mounted Display
  • an AR glass allows a user to actually transmit an image displayed by a display (optical engine) by incident on one end of a light guide plate, propagating the image, and emitting the image from the other end.
  • a virtual image is superimposed on the scene you are looking at.
  • an incident diffraction element is used to diffract (refract) the light (projected light) from the display and incident it on one end of the light guide plate.
  • light is introduced into the light guide plate at an angle, and the light is totally reflected and propagated in the light guide plate.
  • the light propagating through the light guide plate is diffracted by the exit diffraction element at the other end of the light guide plate, and is emitted from the light guide plate to the observation position by the user.
  • An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem of the prior art, and to provide an optical member and an image display device capable of suppressing stray light from being emitted to the outside.
  • a light guide element having a light guide plate, an incident diffraction element arranged on a main surface of the light guide plate, and an exit diffraction element. It has a polarizing element that blocks the transmission of light leaking to the side opposite to the exit side of the emission diffraction element.
  • the emission diffraction element is a polarization diffraction element,
  • the polarizing element is arranged on the side opposite to the exit side with respect to the emission diffraction element.
  • the polarizing element is an optical member arranged at a position overlapping the emission diffraction element in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate.
  • the exit diffraction element is a reflection type diffraction element.
  • the polarizing element is a circular polarizing plate.
  • the retardation plate is a ⁇ / 4 plate.
  • the polarization diffraction element is formed by using a composition containing a liquid crystal compound, and the direction of the optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound is changed while continuously rotating along at least one direction in the plane.
  • an optical member and an image display device capable of suppressing the emission of stray light to the outside.
  • FIG. 1 It is a top view which conceptually shows an example of the image display apparatus which uses the optical member of this invention. It is a top view which conceptually shows another example of the image display apparatus which uses the optical member of this invention. It is a front view which conceptually shows the image display device shown in FIG. It is a side view which conceptually shows the image display device shown in FIG. It is a top view which conceptually shows another example of the image display apparatus which uses the optical member of this invention. It is a top view which conceptually shows another example of the image display device of this invention. It is a top view which conceptually shows another example of the image display device of this invention. It is a top view which conceptually shows the liquid crystal layer used as a diffraction element. It is a conceptual diagram of the liquid crystal layer shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 It is a figure which conceptually shows the cross-sectional SEM image of the liquid crystal layer shown in FIG. 7. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the operation of the liquid crystal layer shown in FIG. It is a figure which conceptually shows another example of the liquid crystal layer used as a diffraction element. It is a figure which conceptually shows another example of the liquid crystal layer used as a diffraction element. It is a conceptual diagram of an example of an exposure apparatus which exposes an alignment film. It is a figure which conceptually shows another example of the liquid crystal layer used for a diffraction element. It is a top view of the liquid crystal layer shown in FIG. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the operation of the liquid crystal layer shown in FIG. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the operation of the liquid crystal layer shown in FIG.
  • visible light is light having a wavelength visible to the human eye among electromagnetic waves, and indicates light in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm.
  • Invisible light is light in a wavelength range of less than 380 nm and a wavelength range of more than 780 nm.
  • the light in the wavelength range of 420 to 490 nm is blue light
  • the light in the wavelength range of 495 to 570 nm is green light
  • the light in the wavelength range of 620 to 750 nm is 620 to 750 nm.
  • the light of is red light.
  • the optical member of the present invention A light guide element having a light guide plate, an incident diffraction element arranged on the main surface of the light guide plate, and an exit diffraction element. It has a polarizing element that blocks the transmission of light leaking to the side opposite to the exit side of the emission diffraction element.
  • the emission diffraction element is a polarization diffraction element,
  • the polarizing element is arranged on the side opposite to the exit side with respect to the emission diffraction element.
  • the polarizing element is an optical member arranged at a position overlapping the emission diffraction element in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate.
  • the image display device of the present invention With the above-mentioned optical members An image display device including a display element that irradiates an incident diffraction element of an optical member with an image.
  • FIG. 1 conceptually shows an example of the image display device of the present invention using the optical member of the present invention.
  • the image display device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is used as an AR glass as a suitable example.
  • the optical member of the present invention can also be used for optical elements such as transparent screens, lighting devices (including backlights of liquid crystal displays), and sensors. Further, the image display device of the present invention can also be used for an image display device using these optical elements.
  • the image display device 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a display element 12, a light guide plate 16, a light guide element 14 having an incident diffraction element 18 and an exit diffraction element 24 arranged on the main surface of the light guide plate 16, and a polarizing element. It has an optical member 13 having 26 and.
  • the incident diffraction element 18 and the outgoing diffraction element 24 are arranged at different positions in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate 16.
  • the exit diffraction element 24 is arranged on the left side of the incident diffraction element 18.
  • the main surface is the maximum surface of a sheet-like object (plate-like object, film, etc.).
  • the display element 12 faces the surface of the light guide plate 16 opposite to the side on which the incident diffraction element 18 is arranged at a position overlapping the incident diffraction element 18 in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate 16. Have been placed.
  • the incident diffraction element 18 and the outgoing diffraction element 24 are reflection type diffraction elements that diffract while reflecting light. Further, the emission diffraction element 24 is a polarization diffraction element that selectively diffracts light in a predetermined polarization state.
  • the image (light corresponding to the image) displayed by the display element 12 is incident on the light guide plate 16 from a direction perpendicular to the main surface and is incident on the incident diffraction element 18.
  • the light incident on the incident diffraction element 18 is diffracted by the incident diffraction element 18 and incident on the light guide plate 16.
  • the incident diffraction element 18 diffracts the light at an angle that totally reflects the light in the light guide plate 16, and diffracts the light so that the traveling direction of the diffracted light is in the direction toward the exit diffraction element 24.
  • the incident diffraction element 18 diffracts the incident light toward the left in FIG.
  • the diffracted light from the incident diffraction element 18 is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 16 and propagated, and is incident on the exit diffraction element 24.
  • the emission diffraction element 24 diffracts the incident light so as to deviate from the angle totally reflected inside the light guide plate 16.
  • the exit diffraction element 24 diffracts the incident light toward the lower side in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the exit diffraction element 24 diffracts the incident light in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the light guide plate.
  • the light diffracted by the exit diffraction element 24 is emitted from the light guide plate 16 and is emitted toward the user U.
  • the image display device 10 can display the image irradiated by the display element 12.
  • the optical member 13 has a polarizing element 26.
  • the polarizing element 26 is arranged on the side of the emission diffraction element 24 opposite to the light guide plate 16 side. That is, the polarizing element 26 is arranged on the side opposite to the emission side with respect to the emission diffraction element 24. Further, the polarizing element 26 is arranged at a position overlapping the emission diffraction element 24 in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate 16.
  • the polarizing element 26 includes a retardation layer 27 and a linear polarizer 28.
  • the light guide element having the light guide plate and the diffraction element is used to guide the image irradiated by the display element and the image is emitted using the exit diffraction element
  • the light emitting side and the exit side by the emission diffraction element are used.
  • stray light L x light leaked to the opposite side. If light leaks to the side opposite to the emitting side, the image will be visually recognized by a person other than the user.
  • this stray light is light in a polarized state that is selectively diffracted by the emission diffraction element. That is, it is considered that the stray light is a part of the light that is guided in the light guide plate and should be diffracted toward the emitting side by the emitting diffraction element.
  • the optical member of the present invention is arranged on the side opposite to the emission side with respect to the emission diffraction element, and is arranged at a position overlapping the emission diffraction element in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate. It has an element.
  • the polarizing element is a polarizing element that absorbs or reflects light in a polarized state that is selectively diffracted by the emitting diffraction element.
  • a polarizing element By arranging such a polarizing element on the side opposite to the emission side with respect to the emission diffraction element and at a position overlapping the emission diffraction element in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate, the emission side of the emission diffraction element It is possible to prevent the transmission of light leaking to the opposite side. As a result, it is possible to suppress the stray light from being emitted to the outside. In addition, it is possible to prevent the image from being visually recognized by a person other than the user due to stray light.
  • the polarizing element is preferably a polarizing element that absorbs light in a polarized state that is selectively diffracted by the emitting diffraction element.
  • a left-handed circularly polarizing plate that transmits left-handed circularly polarized light and absorbs (or reflects) right-handed circularly polarized light is used as the polarizing element.
  • the left circular polarizing plate By arranging the left circular polarizing plate on the side opposite to the emission side with respect to the emission diffraction element and at a position overlapping the emission diffraction element in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate, the left circular polarizing plate can be placed on the emission side of the emission diffraction element. Can absorb (or reflect) the right circularly polarized light leaking to the opposite side to prevent transmission.
  • the polarizing element absorbs or reflects light in a predetermined polarized state and transmits light in another polarized state. Therefore, a part of the background light on the back surface side (opposite side to the exit side) of the optical member passes through the polarizing element and reaches the user side. Therefore, the background and the image illuminated by the display element are superimposed and visually recognized by the user.
  • a circular polarizing plate when the outgoing diffraction element selectively diffracts circularly polarized light, a circular polarizing plate may be used. Further, when the emission diffraction element selectively diffracts elliptically polarized light, an elliptically polarizing plate may be used. Further, when the emission diffraction element selectively diffracts linearly polarized light, a linear polarizing plate may be used. Further, for example, even when the emission diffraction element selectively diffracts circularly polarized light, the polarization state may collapse and become elliptically polarized light while the circularly polarized light is guided through the light guide plate. Therefore, when the emission diffraction element selectively diffracts circularly polarized light, an elliptical polarizing plate may be used.
  • the polarizing elements may be arranged so as to overlap at least a part of the emission diffraction elements when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the light guide plate, but the polarizing elements may cover the entire surface as shown in FIG. It is preferably arranged in.
  • the polarizing element 26 is arranged so as to be separated from the light guide element 14, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the polarizing element 26 is in contact with the light guide element 14. You may. From the viewpoint of the brightness of the displayed image, it is preferable that the polarizing element 26 is arranged apart from the light guide element 14. Generally, the refractive index of the polarizing element 26 is higher than that of air and is close to the refractive index of the light guide element 14. Therefore, when the polarizing element 26 and the light guide element 14 are in contact with each other, a part of the light guided in the light guide plate 16 is directly or before the light is incident on the output diffraction element 24.
  • the light When the light reaches the interface with the polarizing element 26 without being diffracted even if it is incident on the polarizing element 26, the light is not totally reflected at the interface with the polarizing element 26 but is incident on the polarizing element 26 and absorbed. Therefore, the amount of light diffracted by the exit diffraction element 24 and emitted is reduced, and the displayed image becomes dark.
  • the polarizing element 26 and the light guide element 14 are separated from each other, when the light not diffracted by the emitting diffraction element 24 reaches the interface with the air, the light enters the interface with the air. The light is totally reflected in the light guide plate 16 and is diffracted by the emission diffracting element 24. Therefore, the amount of light diffracted by the exit diffraction element 24 and emitted can be increased, and the displayed image can be brightened.
  • the light guide element of the optical member has a configuration having an incident diffraction element and an outgoing diffraction element, but the configuration is not limited to this, and further, the configuration has an intermediate diffraction element. May be good.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 conceptually show another example of the image display device of the present invention using the optical member of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view, and is a view of the image display device 10b viewed from above on the paper surface of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view, which is a view of the image display device 10b as viewed from the side of the observation side by the user U.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view, and is a view of the image display device 10b as viewed from the right-hand side of the paper surface of FIG.
  • the image display device 10b shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 includes a display element 12, a light guide plate 16, an incident diffraction element 18, an intermediate diffraction element 20, and an outgoing diffraction element 24 arranged on the main surfaces of the light guide plate 16. It has a light guide element 14b and an optical member 13b having a polarizing element 26. Note that the display element 12 is not shown in FIG.
  • the incident diffraction element 18, the intermediate diffraction element 20, and the outgoing diffraction element 24 are arranged at different positions in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate 16.
  • the intermediate diffraction element 20 is arranged on the left side of FIG. 3 of the incident diffraction element 18, and the exit diffraction element 24 is arranged on the lower side of FIG. 3 of the intermediate diffraction element 20.
  • the display element 12 faces the surface of the light guide plate 16 opposite to the side on which the incident diffraction element 18 is arranged at a position overlapping the incident diffraction element 18 in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate 16. Have been placed.
  • the image displayed by the display element 12 is incident on the light guide plate 16 from a direction perpendicular to the main surface and is incident on the incident diffraction element 18.
  • the light incident on the incident diffraction element 18 is diffracted by the incident diffraction element 18 and incident on the light guide plate 16.
  • the incident diffraction element 18 diffracts the light at an angle that totally reflects the light in the light guide plate 16, and diffracts the light so that the traveling direction of the diffracted light is in the direction toward the intermediate diffraction element 20.
  • the incident diffraction element 18 diffracts the incident light toward the left in FIG.
  • the diffracted light from the incident diffraction element 18 is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 16 and propagated, and is incident on the intermediate diffraction element 20.
  • the intermediate diffraction element 20 diffracts the light so that the traveling direction of the incident light is directed toward the exit diffraction element 24. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the intermediate diffraction element 20 diffracts the incident light in the downward direction in FIG.
  • the light diffracted by the intermediate diffraction element 20 is totally reflected in the light guide plate 16 and propagated, and is incident on the exit diffraction element 24.
  • the emission diffraction element 24 diffracts the incident light so as to deviate from the angle totally reflected inside the light guide plate 16.
  • the exit diffraction element 24 diffracts the incident light in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the exit diffraction element 24 diffracts the incident light in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the light guide plate.
  • the light diffracted by the exit diffraction element 24 is emitted from the light guide plate 16 and is emitted toward the user U.
  • the image display device 10b can display the image irradiated by the display element 12.
  • the light guide element 14b has the intermediate diffraction element 20
  • the emission pupil is enlarged by diffracting a part of the light at a plurality of places of the intermediate diffraction element. be able to.
  • the optical member 13b has a polarizing element 26 like the optical member 13 shown in FIG.
  • the polarizing element 26 is arranged on the side of the exit diffraction element 24 opposite to the light guide plate 16 side. That is, the polarizing element 26 is arranged on the side opposite to the emission side with respect to the emission diffraction element 24. Further, the polarizing element 26 is arranged at a position overlapping the emission diffraction element 24 in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate 16.
  • a reflection type diffraction element is used as the exit diffraction element 24 and the incident diffraction element 18, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a transmission type diffraction element may be used. ..
  • FIG. 5 conceptually shows another example of an image display device using the optical member of the present invention.
  • the image display device 10c shown in FIG. 5 includes a display element 12, a light guide plate 16, a light guide element 14c having an incident diffraction element 18c and an exit diffraction element 24c arranged on the main surface of the light guide plate 16, and a polarizing element. It has an optical member 13c having 26 and.
  • the incident diffraction element 18c and the outgoing diffraction element 24c are arranged at different positions in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate 16.
  • the exit diffraction element 24c is arranged on the left side of the incident diffraction element 18c.
  • the display element 12 is arranged so as to face the incident diffraction element 18 at a position overlapping the incident diffraction element 18 in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate 16.
  • the incident diffraction element 18c and the outgoing diffraction element 24c are transmission type diffraction elements that diffract while transmitting light.
  • the emission diffraction element 24c is a polarization diffraction element that selectively diffracts light in a predetermined polarization state.
  • the image displayed by the display element 12 is incident on the incident diffraction element 18 from the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the light guide plate 16.
  • the incident diffraction element 18c diffracts the incident light and causes it to enter the light guide plate 16.
  • the incident diffraction element 18c diffracts the light at an angle that totally reflects the light in the light guide plate 16, and diffracts the light so that the traveling direction of the diffracted light is in the direction toward the outgoing diffraction element 24c.
  • the incident diffraction element 18c diffracts the incident light toward the left in FIG.
  • the diffracted light from the incident diffraction element 18c is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 16 and propagated, and is incident on the exit diffraction element 24c.
  • the emission diffraction element 24c diffracts the incident light so as to deviate from the angle totally reflected inside the light guide plate 16.
  • the exit diffraction element 24c diffracts the incident light toward the lower side in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the exit diffraction element 24c diffracts the incident light in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the light guide plate.
  • the light diffracted by the exit diffraction element 24c is emitted from the light guide plate 16 and is emitted toward the user U.
  • the image display device 10c can display the image irradiated by the display element 12.
  • the optical member 13c has a polarizing element 26.
  • the polarizing element 26 is arranged on the side opposite to the exit diffraction element 24c side of the light guide plate 16. That is, the polarizing element 26 is arranged on the side opposite to the emission side with respect to the emission diffraction element 24c. Further, the polarizing element 26 is arranged at a position overlapping the emission diffraction element 24c in the surface direction of the main surface of the light guide plate 16.
  • the incident diffraction element, the intermediate diffraction element, and the exit diffraction element may have a configuration having a liquid crystal layer having wavelength selectivity, which will be described later. That is, the incident diffraction element, the intermediate diffraction element, and the exit diffraction element may have wavelength selectivity.
  • each diffraction element may have a configuration having one liquid crystal layer having wavelength selectivity, or may have a configuration having two or more layers.
  • the diffractive element may have two liquid crystal layers, that is, a liquid crystal layer that selectively reflects red light and a liquid crystal layer that selectively reflects green light, and the liquid crystal layer that selectively reflects red light. It may have three liquid crystal layers, that is, a liquid crystal layer that selectively reflects green light and a liquid crystal layer that selectively reflects blue light.
  • each liquid crystal layer reflects three colors of light, red light, green light, and blue light, so that the light guide element can be colored.
  • the image can be guided.
  • the diffractive element has three liquid crystal layers having different selective reflection center wavelengths, and has one or two colors selected from visible light such as red light, green light, and blue light, and infrared rays and / or. It may be configured to reflect ultraviolet rays, or may be configured to reflect only light other than visible light.
  • the diffraction element may have two or four or more liquid crystal layers having different selective reflection center wavelengths.
  • the diffractive element may be configured to reflect light other than visible light such as infrared light and / or ultraviolet light in addition to visible light such as red light, green light and blue light, or each liquid crystal layer may be composed of infrared light and light. / Or a configuration that reflects light other than visible light such as ultraviolet light may be used.
  • the optical member of the present invention can also be configured to have two or more light guide elements.
  • an image display device 10d having a configuration having an optical member 13e having two light guide elements 14d and 14e is exemplified.
  • the optical member 13e includes a light guide plate 16d, a light guide element 14d having an incident diffraction element 18d and an exit diffraction element 24d arranged on the main surfaces of the light guide plate 16d, and a light guide plate 16e and a light guide plate 16e.
  • a light guide element 14e having an incident diffraction element 18e and an exit diffraction element 24e arranged on the main surface of the light guide element 14e and a polarizing element 26e are provided in this order.
  • the light guide element 14d and the light guide element 14e are arranged so that the light emitting surface side faces the same direction.
  • the polarizing element 26e is arranged on the surface side opposite to the exit side of the light guide element.
  • the light guide element 14d has a diffraction element that reflects green light
  • the light guide element 14e has a diffraction element that reflects blue light.
  • the image display device 10d can guide green light and blue light, respectively.
  • the stray light L x leaking to the side opposite to the emission side by the emission diffraction element of each of the light guide element 14d and the light guide element 14e is absorbed (or reflected) by the polarizing element 26e. As a result, it is possible to suppress the stray light from being emitted to the outside.
  • the configuration has two optical members for guiding green light and blue light, respectively, but a configuration having three or more optical members may be used.
  • the configuration may include three optical members that guide red light, green light, and blue light, respectively.
  • the configuration may include a plurality of optical members, and at least one optical member guides light of two or more colors.
  • it has two optical members, one optical member guides two colors selected from red light, green light and blue light, and the other one optical member guides the remaining one color.
  • the optical member may be a configuration.
  • the optical member may be configured to guide light (infrared rays or ultraviolet rays) other than visible light.
  • the incident diffraction element, the intermediate diffraction element, and the outgoing diffraction element are each bonded to the light guide plate by a bonding layer.
  • the bonding layer a layer made of various known materials can be used as long as it is a layer capable of bonding objects to be bonded to each other.
  • the bonding layer has fluidity when bonded, and then becomes a solid.
  • Even a layer made of an adhesive is a soft solid gel-like (rubber-like) when bonded, and is subsequently gel-like. It may be a layer made of a pressure-sensitive adhesive whose state does not change, or a layer made of a material having the characteristics of both an adhesive and a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Therefore, the bonding layer is used for bonding sheet-like objects such as optical transparent adhesives (OCA (Optical Clear Adhesive)), optical transparent double-sided tape, and ultraviolet curable resins in optical devices and optical elements.
  • OCA optical Clear Adhesive
  • a known layer may be used.
  • the light guide element of the present invention is obtained by laminating an incident diffraction element, an intermediate diffraction element, an exit diffraction element, and a light guide plate and holding the light guide plate with a frame or a jig. It may be configured.
  • an incident diffraction element, an intermediate diffraction element, and an outgoing diffraction element may be formed directly on the light guide plate.
  • the display element 12 displays an image (video) observed by the user U and irradiates the incident diffraction element with the image. Therefore, the display element 12 is arranged so that the image to be irradiated is incident on the incident diffraction element.
  • the display element 12 is not limited, and various known display elements (display devices, projectors) used for AR glasses and the like can be used.
  • display element 12 a display element having a display and a projection lens is exemplified.
  • the display is not limited, and various known displays used for, for example, AR glasses can be used.
  • the display include a liquid crystal display (LCOS: including Liquid Crystal On Silicon), an organic electroluminescence display, and a scanning display using a DLP (Digital Light Processing) or MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) mirror. Is exemplified.
  • a display that displays the multicolor image is used as the display.
  • a display that displays a multicolor image using light having a wavelength diffracted by each diffraction element of each optical member is used.
  • the projection lens is also a known projection lens (colimating lens) used for AR glasses and the like.
  • the display image by the display element 12 that is, the light emitted by the display element 12 is not limited, but unpolarized light (natural light) or circularly polarized light is preferable.
  • the display element 12 irradiates a circularly polarized light and the display irradiates an unpolarized image
  • the display element 12 preferably has, for example, a circularly polarizing plate composed of a linear polarizing element and a ⁇ / 4 plate. ..
  • the display element 12 when the display illuminates a linearly polarized image, the display element 12 preferably has, for example, a ⁇ / 4 plate.
  • the light emitted by the display element 12 may be other polarized light (for example, linearly polarized light).
  • the light guide plate 16 is a known light guide plate that reflects light incident on the inside and guides (propagates) the light.
  • the light guide plate 16 is not limited, and various known light guide plates used in AR glasses, backlight units of liquid crystal displays, and the like can be used.
  • a polarized diffraction element can be used as the incident diffraction element, the intermediate diffraction element, and the exit diffraction element. In the following description, when it is not necessary to distinguish between these diffraction elements, they are also collectively referred to as a diffraction element. Further, as the incident diffraction element and the intermediate diffraction element, known diffraction elements other than the polarization diffraction element can also be used.
  • the polarization diffraction element As the polarization diffraction element, a known polarization diffraction element can be used.
  • the polarized light diffracting element is a diffraction element that controls the diffraction direction, the polarized state, and the diffracted light intensity of the emitted light according to the polarized state of the incident light by controlling the polarized state in a fine region.
  • a polarized diffraction element for example, the structural double refraction described in "Erez Hasman et al., Polarization dependent focusing lens by use of quantized Pancharatnm-Berry phase diffractive optics, Applied Physics Letters, Volume 82, Number 3 pp.328-330"
  • Examples thereof include a polarized diffraction element having a diffraction structure formed by using the same, a polarized diffraction element having a diffraction structure formed by using the compound refraction material described in Patent No. 5276847, and the like.
  • the polarization diffraction element is formed by using a composition containing a liquid crystal compound, and has a liquid crystal orientation pattern in which the direction of the optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating along at least one direction in the plane.
  • a liquid crystal diffraction element having.
  • the liquid crystal diffraction element has a cholesteric liquid crystal layer in which the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the orientation state of the liquid crystal compound in the main surface of the liquid crystal layer 34 included in the liquid crystal diffraction element.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state of the liquid crystal phase in a cross section perpendicular to the main surface.
  • the main surface of the liquid crystal layer 34 will be referred to as an XY plane
  • the cross section perpendicular to the XY plane will be referred to as an XY plane. That is, FIG. 7 corresponds to a schematic view of the XY plane of the liquid crystal layer 34
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state of the liquid crystal phase in a cross section perpendicular to the main surface.
  • the liquid crystal layer shown in FIGS. 7 to 8 is an example of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer in which the liquid crystal compound is cholesterically oriented. Further, it is an example when the liquid crystal compound is a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer reflects one circularly polarized light of the selective reflection wavelength and transmits light in the other wavelength range and the other circularly polarized light. Therefore, the liquid crystal diffraction element having the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is a reflective liquid crystal diffraction element.
  • the liquid crystal diffraction element has a support 30, an alignment film 32, and a liquid crystal layer 34.
  • the liquid crystal diffraction element of the example shown in FIG. 8 has a support 30, an alignment film 32, and a liquid crystal layer 34, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the liquid crystal diffraction element may have, for example, only the alignment film 32 and the liquid crystal layer 34 from which the support 30 has been peeled off after being attached to the light guide plate 16.
  • the liquid crystal diffraction element may have, for example, only the liquid crystal layer 34 from which the support 30 and the alignment film 32 have been peeled off after being attached to the light guide plate 16.
  • the support 30 supports the alignment film 32 and the liquid crystal layer 34.
  • various sheet-like materials films, plate-like materials
  • the support 30 has a transmittance of 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and further preferably 85% or more with respect to the corresponding light.
  • the thickness of the support 30 is not limited, and the thickness capable of holding the alignment film 32 and the liquid crystal layer 34 may be appropriately set according to the application of the liquid crystal diffraction element, the material for forming the support 30, and the like. ..
  • the thickness of the support 30 is preferably 1 to 2000 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 5 to 250 ⁇ m.
  • the support 30 may be single-layered or multi-layered.
  • Examples of the support 30 in the case of a single layer include a support 30 made of glass, triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic, polyolefin or the like.
  • Examples of the support 30 in the case of a multi-layer structure include those including any of the above-mentioned single-layer supports as a substrate and providing another layer on the surface of the substrate.
  • an alignment film 32 is formed on the surface of the support 30.
  • the alignment film 32 is an alignment film for orienting the liquid crystal compound 40 in a predetermined liquid crystal alignment pattern when forming the liquid crystal layer 34.
  • the liquid crystal layer 34 is a liquid crystal in which the orientation of the optical axis 40A (see FIG. 7) derived from the liquid crystal compound 40 is continuously rotated along one direction in the plane. It has an orientation pattern. Therefore, the alignment film 32 is formed so that the liquid crystal layer 34 can form this liquid crystal alignment pattern.
  • “the direction of the optic axis 40A rotates” is also simply referred to as "the optical axis 40A rotates”.
  • a rubbing-treated film made of an organic compound such as a polymer an oblique vapor-deposited film of an inorganic compound, a film having a microgroove, and Langmuir of an organic compound such as ⁇ -tricosanoic acid, dioctadecylmethylammonium chloride and methyl stearylate.
  • An example is a film obtained by accumulating LB (Langmuir-Blodgett) films produced by the Brodget method.
  • the alignment film 32 by the rubbing treatment can be formed by rubbing the surface of the polymer layer with paper or cloth several times in a certain direction.
  • Materials used for the alignment film 32 include polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polymers having a polymerizable group described in JP-A-9-152509, JP-A-2005-97377, JP-A-2005-99228, and JP-A-2005-99228. , JP-A-2005-128503, the material used for forming the alignment film 32 and the like described in JP-A-2005-128503 is preferable.
  • a so-called photo-alignment film in which a photo-alignable material is irradiated with polarized light or non-polarized light to form an alignment film 32 is preferably used. That is, in the liquid crystal diffraction element, as the alignment film 32, a photoalignment film formed by applying a photoalignment material on the support 30 is preferably used. Polarized light irradiation can be performed from a vertical direction or an oblique direction with respect to the photoalignment film, and non-polarized light irradiation can be performed from an oblique direction with respect to the photoalignment film.
  • Examples of the photoalignment material used for the alignment film that can be used in the present invention include JP-A-2006-285197, JP-A-2007-76839, JP-A-2007-138138, and JP-A-2007-94071. , JP-A-2007-121721, JP-A-2007-140465, JP-A-2007-156439, JP-A-2007-133184, JP-A-2009-109831, Patent No. 3883848 and Patent No. 4151746.
  • the azo compound described in JP-A the aromatic ester compound described in JP-A-2002-229039, the maleimide having the photoorientation unit described in JP-A-2002-265541 and JP-A-2002-317013, and / Alternatively, an alkenyl-substituted nadiimide compound, a photobridgeable silane derivative described in Japanese Patent No. 4205195 and Patent No. 4205198, a photocrossbable property described in JP-A-2003-520878, JP-A-2004-522220 and Patent No. 4162850.
  • Photodimerizable compounds described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. -177561 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-12823, particularly cinnamate compounds, chalcone compounds, coumarin compounds and the like are exemplified as preferable examples.
  • azo compounds, photocrosslinkable polyimides, photocrosslinkable polyamides, photocrosslinkable polyesters, synnamate compounds, and chalcone compounds are preferably used.
  • the thickness of the alignment film 32 is not limited, and the thickness at which the required alignment function can be obtained may be appropriately set according to the material for forming the alignment film 32.
  • the thickness of the alignment film 32 is preferably 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the method for forming the alignment film 32 there is no limitation on the method for forming the alignment film 32, and various known methods depending on the material for forming the alignment film 32 can be used. As an example, a method in which the alignment film 32 is applied to the surface of the support 30 and dried, and then the alignment film 32 is exposed with a laser beam to form an alignment pattern is exemplified.
  • FIG. 13 conceptually shows an example of an exposure apparatus that exposes the alignment film 32 to form an alignment pattern.
  • the exposure apparatus 60 shown in FIG. 13 uses a light source 64 provided with a laser 62, a ⁇ / 2 plate 65 for changing the polarization direction of the laser beam M emitted by the laser 62, and a light beam MA and the laser beam M emitted by the laser 62. It includes a polarizing beam splitter 68 that separates the MB into two, mirrors 70A and 70B arranged on the optical paths of the two separated rays MA and MB, respectively, and ⁇ / 4 plates 72A and 72B.
  • the light source 64 emits linearly polarized light P 0 .
  • lambda / 4 plate 72A is linearly polarized light P 0 (the ray MA) to the right circularly polarized light P R
  • lambda / 4 plate 72B is linearly polarized light P 0 (the rays MB) to the left circularly polarized light P L, converts respectively.
  • the support 30 having the alignment film 32 before the alignment pattern is formed is arranged in the exposed portion, and the two light rays MA and the light rays MB are crossed and interfered with each other on the alignment film 32, and the interference light is made to interfere with the alignment film 32. Is exposed to light. Due to the interference at this time, the polarization state of the light applied to the alignment film 32 periodically changes in the form of interference fringes. As a result, an alignment film having an orientation pattern in which the orientation state changes periodically (hereinafter, also referred to as a pattern alignment film) can be obtained. In the exposure apparatus 60, the period of the orientation pattern can be adjusted by changing the intersection angle ⁇ of the two rays MA and MB.
  • the optical axis 40A rotates in one direction.
  • the length of one cycle in which the optic axis 40A rotates 180 ° can be adjusted.
  • the optical axis 40A derived from the liquid crystal compound 40 is aligned in one direction, as will be described later.
  • the liquid crystal layer 34 having a continuously rotating liquid crystal orientation pattern can be formed. Further, the rotation direction of the optical shaft 40A can be reversed by rotating the optical axes of the ⁇ / 4 plates 72A and 72B by 90 °, respectively.
  • the pattern alignment film is a liquid crystal in which the direction of the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal layer formed on the pattern alignment film changes while continuously rotating along at least one direction in the plane. It has an orientation pattern that orients the liquid crystal compound so that it becomes an orientation pattern. Assuming that the axis of the pattern alignment film is the axis along the direction in which the liquid crystal compound is oriented, the direction of the alignment axis of the pattern alignment film changes while continuously rotating along at least one direction in the plane. It can be said that it has an orientation pattern.
  • the orientation axis of the pattern alignment film can be detected by measuring the absorption anisotropy. For example, when the pattern alignment film is irradiated with rotating linearly polarized light and the amount of light transmitted through the pattern alignment film is measured, the direction in which the amount of light becomes maximum or minimum gradually changes along one direction in the plane. It changes and is observed.
  • the alignment film 32 is provided as a preferred embodiment and is not an essential constituent requirement.
  • the liquid crystal layer has an optical axis 40A derived from the liquid crystal compound 40. It is also possible to have a configuration having a liquid crystal orientation pattern in which the orientation of the liquid crystal is changed while continuously rotating along at least one direction in the plane. That is, in the present invention, the support 30 may act as an alignment film.
  • the liquid crystal layer 34 is formed on the surface of the alignment film 32.
  • the liquid crystal layer is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer in which the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed, and the direction of the optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating along at least one direction in the plane. It is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a liquid crystal orientation pattern.
  • the liquid crystal layer 34 has a spiral structure in which liquid crystal compounds 40 are spirally swirled and stacked, similar to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer formed by fixing a normal cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
  • the liquid crystal compound 40 spirally swirling once has a structure in which the liquid crystal compounds 40 are stacked at a plurality of pitches, with the configuration in which the liquid crystal compounds 40 are spirally rotated once (rotated 360 °) and stacked as one spiral pitch.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer in which the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed has wavelength selective reflectivity.
  • the selective reflection wavelength region of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer depends on the length of one spiral pitch described above (pitch P shown in FIG. 9).
  • the diffraction element having such a liquid crystal layer has wavelength selectivity and diffracts light having a predetermined wavelength. Therefore, the wavelength of the light reflected (diffracted) by the diffraction element may be appropriately set in the selective reflection wavelength range of the liquid crystal layer by adjusting the spiral pitch P of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal compounds 40 are arranged along a plurality of array axes D parallel to each other in the XY plane, and are arranged on the respective array axes D.
  • the orientation of the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 changes while continuously rotating in one direction in the plane along the array axis D.
  • the array axis D is oriented in the X direction.
  • the liquid crystal compounds 40 having the same orientation of the optic axis 40A are oriented at equal intervals.
  • the direction of the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 changes while continuously rotating in one direction in the plane along the array axis D
  • the optical axis 40A and the array axis D of the liquid crystal compound 40 change.
  • the angle between the two differs depending on the position in the direction of the array axis D, and the angle formed by the optic axis 40A and the array axis D gradually changes from ⁇ to ⁇ + 180 ° or ⁇ -180 ° along the array axis D. It means that you are. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the plurality of liquid crystal compounds 40 arranged along the array axis D change while the optical axis 40A rotates by a constant angle along the array axis D.
  • the difference in angle between the optical axes 40A of the liquid crystal compounds 40 adjacent to each other in the array axis D direction is preferably 45 ° or less, more preferably 15 ° or less, and further preferably a smaller angle. preferable.
  • the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 is intended to be the molecular major axis of the rod-shaped liquid crystal compound.
  • the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 is intended to be an axis parallel to the normal direction of the disk-shaped liquid crystal compound with respect to the disk surface.
  • the optic axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 rotates 180 ° in the arrangement axis D direction in which the optic axis 40A continuously rotates and changes in the plane.
  • the length (distance) to be performed be the length ⁇ of one cycle in the liquid crystal alignment pattern. That is, the distance between the centers of the two liquid crystal compounds 40 having the same angle with respect to the array axis D direction in the array axis D direction is defined as the length ⁇ of one cycle.
  • the distance between the centers of the two liquid crystal compounds 40 in which the direction of the arrangement axis D and the direction of the optical axis 40A coincide with each other in the direction of the arrangement axis D is the length ⁇ of one cycle. And. In the following description, the length ⁇ of this one cycle is also referred to as "one cycle ⁇ ".
  • the liquid crystal alignment pattern of the liquid crystal layer 34 repeats this one cycle ⁇ in one direction in which the direction of the array axis D, that is, the direction of the optic axis 40A continuously rotates and changes.
  • the liquid crystal compound 40 forming the liquid crystal layer 34 is in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement axis D direction (Y direction in FIG. 7), that is, in the Y direction orthogonal to one direction in which the optical axis 40A continuously rotates.
  • the directions of the optical axes 40A are equal.
  • the liquid crystal compound 40 forming the liquid crystal layer 34 has the same angle formed by the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 and the arrangement axis D direction in the Y direction.
  • the arrangement direction in which the bright portions 42 and the dark portions 44 are alternately arranged as shown in FIG. 9 is the main surface.
  • a striped pattern inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to (XY plane) is observed.
  • the distance between the adjacent bright portion 42 to the bright portion 42 or the dark portion 44 to the dark portion 44 in the normal direction of the line formed by the bright portion 42 or the dark portion 44 corresponds to 1/2 pitch. That is, as shown by P in FIG. 9, two bright portions 42 and two dark portions 44 correspond to one pitch of the spiral (one winding number of the spiral).
  • the spiral axis derived from the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is perpendicular to the main surface (XY plane), and its reflecting surface is a plane parallel to the main surface (XY plane).
  • the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound is not inclined with respect to the main surface (XY plane).
  • the optic axis is parallel to the main plane (XY plane). Therefore, when the XX plane of the conventional cholesteric liquid crystal layer is observed by SEM, the arrangement direction in which the bright portion and the dark portion are alternately arranged is perpendicular to the main plane (XY plane). Since the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is specularly reflective, for example, when light is incident on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer from the normal direction, the light is reflected in the normal direction.
  • the liquid crystal layer 34 reflects the incident light at an angle in the array axis D direction with respect to specular reflection.
  • the liquid crystal layer 34 has a liquid crystal orientation pattern in which the optical axis 40A changes while continuously rotating along the arrangement axis D direction (a predetermined one direction) in the plane.
  • the liquid crystal layer 34 as a cholesteric liquid crystal layer that selectively reflects right-circularly polarized light R R of the red light. Therefore, when light is incident on the liquid crystal layer 34, liquid crystal layer 34 reflects only right circularly polarized light R R of the red light, and transmits light of other wavelengths.
  • the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 changes while rotating along the array axis D direction (one direction).
  • the liquid crystal alignment pattern formed on the liquid crystal layer 34 is a periodic pattern in the arrangement axis D direction. Therefore, the right circularly polarized light R R of the red light incident on the liquid crystal layer 34, as shown conceptually in FIG 10, is reflected in the direction corresponding to the period of the liquid crystal orientation pattern (diffraction), reflected red light right circularly polarized light R R of is reflected (diffracted) in a direction inclined to the array axis direction D with respect to the XY plane (major surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer).
  • liquid crystal layer 34 when the liquid crystal layer 34 is applied to a light guide element or the like, light incident from a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the light guide plate can be reflected (diffused) at an angle totally reflected inside the light guide plate.
  • the light that is totally reflected inside the light guide plate and guided can be used as a diffraction element that can reflect (diffuse) the light in the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the light guide plate.
  • the light reflection direction (diffraction angle) can be adjusted by appropriately setting the array axis D direction, which is one direction in which the optic axis 40A rotates.
  • the reflection direction of the circularly polarized light can be reversed by reversing the rotation direction of the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 toward the arrangement axis D direction. ..
  • the rotation direction of the optical axis 40A toward the arrangement axis D direction is clockwise, and a certain circularly polarized light is reflected by tilting it in the arrangement axis D direction, which is counterclockwise.
  • a certain circularly polarized light is reflected by tilting in the direction opposite to the direction of the array axis D.
  • the reflection direction is reversed depending on the spiral turning direction of the liquid crystal compound 40, that is, the turning direction of the reflected circularly polarized light.
  • the spiral turning direction of the liquid crystal compound 40 that is, the turning direction of the reflected circularly polarized light.
  • the optical axis 40A has a liquid crystal alignment pattern that rotates clockwise along the arrangement axis D direction to the right. Circularly polarized light is reflected by tilting it in the direction of the array axis D.
  • the left circularly polarized light is selectively reflected, and the liquid crystal layer has a liquid crystal orientation pattern in which the optical axis 40A rotates clockwise along the arrangement axis D direction. Reflects the left circularly polarized light tilted in the direction opposite to the arrangement axis D direction.
  • the length of rotation of the optic axis of the liquid crystal compound by 180 ° is one cycle ⁇ of the diffraction structure, and the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound changes in one direction while rotating (
  • the arrangement axis D direction) is the periodic direction of the diffraction structure.
  • the shorter one cycle ⁇ is, the larger the angle of the reflected light with respect to the incident light. That is, the shorter one cycle ⁇ is, the more the reflected light can be tilted and reflected with respect to the incident light. Therefore, one cycle of the liquid crystal alignment pattern in the liquid crystal layer of each diffraction element may be appropriately set according to the diffraction angle, arrangement, and the like of each diffraction element.
  • the period (1 period ⁇ ) of the diffraction structure of these diffraction elements is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, further preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.8 ⁇ m, and the light guide plate 16 is totally reflected. From the viewpoint of propagation, it is more preferable that the wavelength of the incident light is ⁇ or less.
  • the liquid crystal layer of the incident diffraction element that diffracts light of the same wavelength, the liquid crystal layer of the intermediate diffraction element, and the liquid crystal layer of the exit diffraction element have the same rotation direction of the spiral twist of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
  • the rotation direction of the spiral twist of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase may be the same or different. That is, for example, when two optical members that guide different colors are provided as in the example shown in FIG. 6, the rotation direction of the spiral twist of the liquid crystal layer of the diffraction element of one optical member 13d and the other.
  • the direction of rotation of the spiral twist of the liquid crystal layer of the diffraction element included in the optical member 13e of the above may be the same or different.
  • the liquid crystal compound 40 in the XX plane of the liquid crystal layer 34, has a configuration in which the optical axis 40A is oriented parallel to the main plane (XY plane).
  • the liquid crystal compound 40 in the XX plane of the liquid crystal layer 34, is oriented with its optical axis 40A inclined with respect to the main plane (XY plane). There may be.
  • the inclination angle (tilt angle) with respect to the main plane (XY plane) of the liquid crystal compound 40 is uniform in the thickness direction (Z direction).
  • the liquid crystal layer 34 may have regions in which the tilt angles of the liquid crystal compounds 40 are different in the thickness direction.
  • the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 is parallel to the main surface (the pretilt angle is 0) at the interface on the alignment film 32 side of the liquid crystal layer, and from the interface on the alignment film 32 side.
  • the tilt angle of the liquid crystal compound 40 increases as the distance from the liquid crystal compound 40 increases, and then the liquid crystal compound is oriented at a constant tilt angle to the other interface (air interface) side.
  • the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound may have a pretilt angle at one interface of the upper and lower interfaces, or may have a pretilt angle at both interfaces. Good. Further, the pretilt angle may be different at both interfaces. Since the liquid crystal compound has a tilt angle (tilt) in this way, the birefringence of the liquid crystal compound that is effective when light is diffracted becomes high, and the diffraction efficiency can be improved.
  • the average angle (average tilt angle) formed by the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 and the main surface (XY plane) is preferably 5 to 80 °, more preferably 10 to 50 °.
  • the average tilt angle can be measured by observing the XX plane of the liquid crystal layer 34 with a polarizing microscope. Above all, on the XX plane of the liquid crystal layer 34, it is preferable that the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 is inclined or oriented in the same direction with respect to the main plane (XY plane).
  • the tilt angle is a value obtained by measuring the angle formed by the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 and the main surface at any five or more points in the polarization microscope observation of the cross section of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer and arithmetically averaging them. is there.
  • liquid crystal layer Light vertically incident on the diffraction element (liquid crystal layer) travels diagonally in the liquid crystal layer due to the application of bending force.
  • a diffraction loss occurs because the deviation from the conditions such as the diffraction period originally set so as to obtain a desired diffraction angle with respect to the vertical incident occurs.
  • the liquid crystal compound is tilted, there is an orientation in which a higher birefringence is generated with respect to the orientation in which the light is diffracted, as compared with the case where the liquid crystal compound is not tilted.
  • the effective abnormal light refractive index becomes large, so that the birefringence, which is the difference between the abnormal light refractive index and the normal light refractive index, becomes high.
  • the direction of the tilt angle according to the target diffraction direction, it is possible to suppress the deviation from the original diffraction condition in that direction, and as a result, a liquid crystal compound having a tilt angle was used. In this case, it is considered that higher diffraction efficiency can be obtained.
  • the tilt angle is controlled by the treatment of the interface of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the tilt angle of the liquid crystal compound can be controlled by performing a pre-tilt treatment on the alignment film. For example, when the alignment film is formed, the alignment film is exposed to ultraviolet rays from the front and then obliquely exposed to cause a pretilt angle in the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal layer formed on the alignment film. In this case, the liquid crystal compound is pre-tilted in a direction in which the uniaxial side of the liquid crystal compound can be seen with respect to the second irradiation direction.
  • liquid crystal compound in the direction perpendicular to the second irradiation direction does not pre-tilt, there are an in-plane pre-tilt region and a non-pre-tilt region. This contributes to increasing the birefringence most in that direction when the light is diffracted in the target direction, and is therefore suitable for increasing the diffraction efficiency.
  • an additive that promotes the pretilt angle can be added in the liquid crystal layer or the alignment film. In this case, an additive can be used as a factor for further increasing the diffraction efficiency. This additive can also be used to control the pretilt angle of the interface on the air side.
  • the bright part and the dark part derived from the cholesteric liquid crystal phase are inclined with respect to the main surface.
  • the liquid crystal layer has the minimum in-plane retardation Re in either the slow-phase axial plane or the advancing axial plane.
  • the direction is inclined from the normal direction.
  • the absolute value of the measurement angle formed by the normal in the direction in which the in-plane retardation Re is minimized is 5 ° or more.
  • the liquid crystal compound of the liquid crystal layer is inclined with respect to the main surface, and the inclination direction substantially coincides with the bright part and the dark part of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the normal direction is a direction orthogonal to the main surface. Since the liquid crystal layer has such a configuration, circularly polarized light can be diffracted with higher diffraction efficiency than the liquid crystal layer in which the liquid crystal compound is parallel to the main surface.
  • the liquid crystal compound of the liquid crystal layer is inclined with respect to the main surface and the inclination direction substantially coincides with the bright part and the dark part
  • the bright part and the dark part corresponding to the reflecting surface and the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound are aligned. Match. Therefore, the action of the liquid crystal compound on the reflection (diffraction) of light is increased, and the diffraction efficiency can be improved. As a result, the amount of reflected light with respect to the incident light can be further improved.
  • the absolute value of the optical axis tilt angle of the liquid crystal layer is preferably 5 ° or more, more preferably 15 ° or more, still more preferably 20 ° or more.
  • the absolute value of the optical axis tilt angle is preferably 5 ° or more, more preferably 15 ° or more, still more preferably 20 ° or more.
  • the liquid crystal layer can be formed by fixing the liquid crystal phase in which the liquid crystal compound is oriented in a predetermined orientation state in a layered manner.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal phase can be fixed and formed in layers.
  • the structure in which the liquid crystal phase is fixed may be a structure in which the orientation of the liquid crystal compound serving as the liquid crystal phase is maintained, and typically, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is placed in a predetermined liquid crystal phase orientation state. It is preferable that the structure is polymerized and cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, heating, etc.
  • the structure is changed to a state in which the orientation form is not changed by an external field or an external force.
  • the liquid crystal phase is fixed, it is sufficient that the optical properties of the liquid crystal phase are maintained, and the liquid crystal compound 40 does not have to exhibit liquid crystal properties in the liquid crystal layer.
  • the polymerizable liquid crystal compound may lose its liquid crystal property by increasing its molecular weight by a curing reaction.
  • liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound can be mentioned.
  • the liquid crystal compound is preferably a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
  • the liquid crystal composition used for forming the liquid crystal layer may further contain a surfactant and a chiral agent.
  • the polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound or a disk-shaped liquid crystal compound.
  • the rod-shaped polymerizable liquid crystal compound include a rod-shaped nematic liquid crystal compound.
  • rod-shaped nematic liquid crystal compounds include azomethines, azoxys, cyanobiphenyls, cyanophenyl esters, benzoic acid esters, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid phenyl esters, cyanophenylcyclohexanes, cyano-substituted phenylpyrimidins, and alkoxy-substituted phenylpyrimidins.
  • Phenyldioxans, trans, alkenylcyclohexylbenzonitriles and the like are preferably used. Not only low molecular weight liquid crystal compounds but also high molecular weight liquid crystal compounds can be used.
  • the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is obtained by introducing a polymerizable group into the liquid crystal compound.
  • the polymerizable group include an unsaturated polymerizable group, an epoxy group, and an aziridinyl group, and an unsaturated polymerizable group is preferable, and an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group is more preferable.
  • the polymerizable group can be introduced into the molecule of the liquid crystal compound by various methods.
  • the number of polymerizable groups contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3.
  • Examples of polymerizable liquid crystal compounds include Makromol. Chem. , 190, 2255 (1989), Advanced Materials 5, 107 (1993), US Pat. No.
  • a cyclic organopolysiloxane compound having a cholesteric phase as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-165480 can be used.
  • a polymer liquid crystal compound a polymer having a mesogen group exhibiting a liquid crystal introduced at the main chain, a side chain, or both the main chain and the side chain, and a polymer cholesteric having a cholesteryl group introduced into the side chain.
  • Liquid crystals, liquid crystal polymers as disclosed in JP-A-9-133810, liquid crystal polymers as disclosed in JP-A-11-293252, and the like can be used.
  • disk-shaped liquid crystal compound As the disk-shaped liquid crystal compound, for example, those described in JP-A-2007-108732 and JP-A-2010-244038 can be preferably used.
  • the amount of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound added to the liquid crystal composition is preferably 75 to 99.9% by mass, preferably 80 to 99% by mass, based on the solid content mass (mass excluding the solvent) of the liquid crystal composition. It is more preferably mass%, and even more preferably 85-90 mass%.
  • the liquid crystal composition used when forming the liquid crystal layer may contain a surfactant.
  • the surfactant is preferably a compound capable of stably or rapidly functioning as an orientation control agent that contributes to the orientation of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
  • examples of the surfactant include silicone-based surfactants and fluorine-based surfactants, and fluorine-based surfactants are preferably exemplified.
  • the surfactant include the compounds described in paragraphs [2002] to [0090] of JP2014-119605A, and the compounds described in paragraphs [0031] to [0034] of JP2012-203237A. , The compounds exemplified in paragraphs [0092] and [093] of JP-A-2005-999248, paragraphs [0076] to [0078] and paragraphs [0083] to [0085] of JP-A-2002-129162. Examples thereof include the compounds exemplified therein, and the fluorine (meth) acrylate-based polymers described in paragraphs [0018] to [0043] of JP-A-2007-272185.
  • the surfactant one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
  • the fluorine-based surfactant the compounds described in paragraphs [2002] to [0090] of JP2014-119605 are preferable.
  • the amount of the surfactant added to the liquid crystal composition is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, and 0.02 to 1% by mass with respect to the total mass of the liquid crystal compound. Is even more preferable.
  • the chiral agent has a function of inducing a helical structure of a cholesteric liquid crystal phase. Since the twist direction or spiral pitch of the spiral induced by the compound differs depending on the compound, the chiral agent may be selected according to the purpose.
  • the chiral agent is not particularly limited, and is a known compound (for example, Liquid Crystal Device Handbook, Chapter 3, Section 4-3, TN (twisted nematic), STN (Super Twisted Nematic) chiral agent, page 199, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. (Described in 1989, edited by the 142nd Committee of the Society), isosorbide, isomannide derivatives and the like can be used.
  • the chiral agent generally contains an asymmetric carbon atom, but an axial asymmetric compound or a surface asymmetric compound that does not contain an asymmetric carbon atom can also be used as the chiral agent.
  • axial or surface asymmetric compounds include binaphthyl, helicene, paracyclophane, and derivatives thereof.
  • the chiral agent may have a polymerizable group. When both the chiral agent and the liquid crystal compound have a polymerizable group, the repeating unit derived from the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the repeating unit derived from the chiral agent are derived by the polymerization reaction between the polymerizable chiral agent and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Polymers with repeating units can be formed.
  • the polymerizable group of the polymerizable chiral agent is preferably a group of the same type as the polymerizable group of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Therefore, the polymerizable group of the chiral agent is preferably an unsaturated polymerizable group, an epoxy group or an aziridinyl group, more preferably an unsaturated polymerizable group, and preferably an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group. More preferred. Moreover, the chiral agent may be a liquid crystal compound.
  • the chiral auxiliary has a photoisomeric group
  • a pattern of a desired reflection wavelength corresponding to the emission wavelength can be formed by irradiation with a photomask such as active light after coating and orientation.
  • a photomask such as active light after coating and orientation.
  • an isomerization site of a compound exhibiting photochromic properties an azo group, an azoxy group, or a cinnamoyl group is preferable.
  • Specific compounds include JP-A-2002-80478, JP-A-2002-80851, JP-A-2002-179668, JP-A-2002-179669, JP-A-2002-179670, and JP-A-2002.
  • the content of the chiral agent in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 0.01 to 200 mol%, more preferably 1 to 30 mol%, based on the molar content of the liquid crystal compound.
  • the liquid crystal composition contains a polymerizable compound, it preferably contains a polymerization initiator.
  • the polymerization initiator used is preferably a photopolymerization initiator capable of initiating the polymerization reaction by irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
  • photopolymerization initiators include ⁇ -carbonyl compounds (described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,376,661 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,376,670), acidoin ethers (described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,448,828), and ⁇ -hydrogen.
  • Substituted aromatic acidoine compounds (described in US Pat. No. 2722512), polynuclear quinone compounds (described in US Pat. Nos. 3046127 and US Pat. No. 2951758), triarylimidazole dimers and p-aminophenyl ketone. Combinations (described in US Pat. No. 3,549,677), aclysine and phenazine compounds (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-105667, described in US Pat. No. 4,239,850), and oxadiazole compounds (US Pat. No. 421,970). Description) and the like.
  • the content of the photopolymerization initiator in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 12% by mass, based on the content of the liquid crystal compound.
  • the liquid crystal composition may optionally contain a cross-linking agent in order to improve the film strength and durability after curing.
  • a cross-linking agent those that are cured by ultraviolet rays, heat, humidity and the like can be preferably used.
  • the cross-linking agent is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, a polyfunctional acrylate compound such as trimethylolpropantri (meth) acrylate and pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate; glycidyl (meth) acrylate.
  • epoxy compounds such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; aziridine compounds such as 2,2-bishydroxymethylbutanol-tris [3- (1-aziridinyl) propionate] and 4,4-bis (ethyleneiminocarbonylamino) diphenylmethane; hexa Isocyanate compounds such as methylene diisocyanate and biuret type isocyanate; polyoxazoline compounds having an oxazoline group in the side chain; and alkoxysilane compounds such as vinyltrimethoxysilane and N- (2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Can be mentioned.
  • a known catalyst can be used depending on the reactivity of the cross-linking agent, and the productivity can be improved in addition to the improvement of the film strength and durability. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the content of the cross-linking agent is preferably 3 to 20% by mass, more preferably 5 to 15% by mass, based on the solid content mass of the liquid crystal composition. When the content of the cross-linking agent is within the above range, the effect of improving the cross-linking density can be easily obtained, and the stability of the liquid crystal phase is further improved.
  • a polymerization inhibitor an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, a coloring material, metal oxide fine particles, etc. are added to the liquid crystal composition within a range that does not deteriorate the optical performance and the like. Can be added with.
  • the liquid crystal composition is preferably used as a liquid when forming a liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal composition may contain a solvent.
  • the solvent is not limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but an organic solvent is preferable.
  • the organic solvent is not limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.
  • a liquid crystal composition is applied to the forming surface of the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal compound is oriented to a desired liquid crystal phase state, and then the liquid crystal compound is cured to form a liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal composition is applied to the alignment film 32, the liquid crystal compound is oriented in the state of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and then the liquid crystal compound is cured to form cholesteric. It is preferable to form a liquid crystal layer in which the liquid crystal phase is fixed.
  • printing methods such as inkjet and scroll printing, and known methods such as spin coating, bar coating and spray coating that can uniformly apply the liquid to a sheet-like material can be used.
  • the applied liquid crystal composition is dried and / or heated as needed and then cured to form a liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal composition may be oriented to the cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
  • the heating temperature is preferably 200 ° C. or lower, more preferably 130 ° C. or lower.
  • the oriented liquid crystal compound is further polymerized, if necessary.
  • the polymerization may be either thermal polymerization or photopolymerization by light irradiation, but photopolymerization is preferable.
  • the irradiation energy is preferably 20mJ / cm 2 ⁇ 50J / cm 2, more preferably 50 ⁇ 1500mJ / cm 2.
  • light irradiation may be carried out under heating conditions or a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the wavelength of the ultraviolet rays to be irradiated is preferably 250 to 430 nm.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is not limited, and the required light reflectance can be obtained depending on the application of the diffraction element, the light reflectance required for the liquid crystal layer, the material for forming the liquid crystal layer, and the like. It may be set as appropriate.
  • liquid crystal diffraction element B a liquid crystal layer in which the liquid crystal compound is cholesterically oriented is used as the liquid crystal diffraction element, but the liquid crystal diffraction element used in the present invention has an optical axis 40A derived from the liquid crystal compound 40 at least 1 in the plane.
  • Various liquid crystal diffraction elements can be used as long as they have a liquid crystal orientation pattern that continuously rotates along the direction.
  • the liquid crystal diffraction element may have a configuration in which the liquid crystal compound is twisted and rotated in the thickness direction to the extent that the liquid crystal compound does not become a cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
  • the liquid crystal diffraction element shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 includes a support 30, an alignment film 32, and a liquid crystal layer 36. Similar to the liquid crystal layer 34, the liquid crystal layer 36 of the liquid crystal diffraction element shown in FIG. 15 also has a liquid crystal orientation pattern in which the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40 continuously rotates along the array axis D direction. Note that FIG. 15 also shows only the liquid crystal compound on the surface of the alignment film 32, as in FIG. 7 described above. In the liquid crystal diffraction element shown in FIG.
  • the liquid crystal compound 40 forming the liquid crystal layer 36 is not spirally twisted and rotated in the thickness direction, and the optic axis 40A is located at the same position in the plane direction.
  • Such a liquid crystal layer can be formed by not adding a chiral agent to the liquid crystal composition in the above-mentioned formation of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal layer 36 is a liquid crystal in which the direction of the optic axis 40A derived from the liquid crystal compound 40 changes while continuously rotating in the direction of the array axis D, that is, in one direction indicated by the arrow D. It has an orientation pattern.
  • the liquid crystal compound 40 forming the liquid crystal layer 36 has the same orientation of the optical axes 40A in the Y direction orthogonal to the arrangement axis D direction, that is, in the Y direction orthogonal to one direction in which the optical axis 40A continuously rotates.
  • Compounds 40 are arranged at equal intervals. In other words, in the liquid crystal compounds 40 forming the liquid crystal layer 36, the angles formed by the direction of the optical axis 40A and the direction of the arrangement axis D are equal between the liquid crystal compounds 40 arranged in the Y direction.
  • the liquid crystal compounds arranged in the Y direction have the same angle formed by the optical axis 40A and the arrangement axis D direction (one direction in which the direction of the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound 40 rotates).
  • the region in which the liquid crystal compound 40 having the same angle formed by the optical axis 40A and the arrangement axis D direction is arranged in the Y direction is defined as a region R.
  • the value of the in-plane retardation (Re) in each region R is preferably half wavelength, that is, ⁇ / 2.
  • the difference in refractive index due to the refractive index anisotropy of the region R in the optically anisotropic layer is the refractive index in the direction of the slow axis in the plane of the region R and the direction orthogonal to the direction of the slow axis. It is a refractive index difference defined by the difference from the refractive index of.
  • the refractive index difference ⁇ n due to the refractive index anisotropy of the region R is the refractive index of the liquid crystal compound 40 in the direction of the optical axis 40A and the liquid crystal compound 40 in the plane of the region R in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis 40A. Equal to the difference from the refractive index. That is, the refractive index difference ⁇ n is equal to the refractive index difference of the liquid crystal compound 40.
  • the incident light L 1 When 1 is incident, the incident light L 1 is given a phase difference of 180 ° by passing through the liquid crystal layer 36, and the transmitted light L 2 is converted into right-handed circularly polarized light. Further, since the liquid crystal alignment pattern formed on the liquid crystal layer 36 is a periodic pattern in the arrangement axis D direction, the transmitted light L 2 travels in a direction different from the traveling direction of the incident light L 1. In this way, the incident light L 1 polarized in the left circle is converted into the transmitted light L 2 polarized in the right circle, which is tilted by a certain angle in the direction of the array axis D with respect to the incident direction.
  • the incident light L of right circularly polarized light L in the liquid crystal layer 36 when the value of the product of the difference in the refractive index of the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal layer 36 and the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer is ⁇ / 2, the incident light L of right circularly polarized light L in the liquid crystal layer 36.
  • the incident light L 4 passes through the liquid crystal layer 36, is given a phase difference of 180 °, and is converted into left circularly polarized transmitted light L 5.
  • the liquid crystal alignment pattern formed on the liquid crystal layer 36 is a periodic pattern in the arrangement axis D direction, the transmitted light L 5 travels in a direction different from the traveling direction of the incident light L 4.
  • the transmitted light L 5 travels in a direction different from that of the transmitted light L 2 , that is, in the direction opposite to the arrow X direction with respect to the incident direction.
  • the incident light L 4 is converted into the transmitted light L 5 of left circularly polarized light tilted by a certain angle in the direction opposite to the direction of the array axis D with respect to the incident direction.
  • the liquid crystal layer 36 can also adjust the refraction angles of the transmitted lights L 2 and L 5 by changing one cycle ⁇ of the formed liquid crystal orientation pattern. Specifically, as the liquid crystal layer 36 also has a shorter one cycle ⁇ of the liquid crystal orientation pattern, the light passing through the liquid crystal compounds 40 adjacent to each other strongly interferes with each other, so that the transmitted lights L 2 and L 5 are greatly refracted. Can be done. Further, by reversing the rotation direction of the optical axis 40A of the liquid crystal compound 40, which rotates along the arrangement axis D1, the refraction direction of the transmitted light can be reversed. That is, in the examples shown in FIGS. 14 to 17, the rotation direction of the optical axis 40A toward the arrangement axis D direction is clockwise, but by making this rotation direction counterclockwise, the direction of refraction of transmitted light can be changed. , Can be done in the opposite direction.
  • the liquid crystal diffraction element having a region in which the liquid crystal compound is twisted and rotated (twist angle is less than 360 °) is used. It is preferable to use it.
  • a liquid crystal diffraction element having a region in which the liquid crystal compound twists and rotates can be preferably used from the viewpoint of diffraction efficiency.
  • liquid crystal diffraction elements having different twisting and rotating angles of the liquid crystal compound are laminated and used, or the liquid crystal diffraction elements having different directions of twisting and rotating the liquid crystal compound are laminated and used. ..
  • such a liquid crystal diffraction element having a region in which the liquid crystal compound is not cholesterically oriented and is twisted and rotated (twist angle is less than 360 °) can be used as the reflection type diffraction element.
  • the diffracted light is reflected at the interface of the liquid crystal diffracting element and emitted from the incident side of the light, and the light is diffracted while being reflected, so that it can function as a reflection type diffracting element. ..
  • each diffraction element different types may be used in combination as each diffraction element.
  • a transmission type liquid crystal diffraction element may be used as the incident diffraction element
  • a reflective type liquid crystal diffraction element may be used as the intermediate diffraction element and the exit diffraction element.
  • the polarizing element is a polarizing element that absorbs or reflects at least a part of the polarized light that is selectively diffracted by the emitting diffraction element. Therefore, the polarized light absorbed or reflected by the polarizing element is appropriately set according to the configuration of the emitting diffraction element.
  • the polarizing element conventionally known circular polarizing plates, elliptical polarizing plates, linear polarizing plates and the like are used.
  • Examples of the circular polarizing plate or the elliptical polarizing plate include a combination of a retardation plate and a linear polarizing element.
  • a ⁇ / 4 plate is used as a retardation plate, and the slow axis of the ⁇ / 4 plate and the absorption axis of the linear polarizer are laminated so as to be 45 °. ..
  • the retardation plate has anti-wavelength dispersibility.
  • the retardation layer can handle light having a wide band wavelength.
  • the inverse wavelength dispersibility means the property that the absolute value of the phase difference increases as the wavelength becomes longer, and the forward dispersibility means the property that the absolute value of the phase difference increases as the wavelength becomes shorter.
  • the optical member and the image display device of the present invention may use a diffraction optical method for enlarging the exit pupil in order to improve visual recognition.
  • a diffraction optical method for enlarging the exit pupil in order to improve visual recognition.
  • an optical method using a plurality of diffraction elements that is, a diffraction optical method including an inner coupling, an intermediate and an outer coupling diffraction element can be used. This method is described in detail in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-546020.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples, and various improvements and changes may be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Of course, it's good.
  • Example 1-1 ⁇ Manufacturing of incident diffraction element B> (Formation of alignment film) A glass substrate was prepared as a support. The following coating liquid for forming an alignment film was applied onto the support by spin coating. The support on which the coating film of the coating film for forming the alignment film was formed was dried on a hot plate at 60 ° C. for 60 seconds to form the alignment film.
  • Coating liquid for forming an alignment film ⁇ The following materials for photo-alignment 1.00 parts by mass Water 16.00 parts by mass Butoxyethanol 42.00 parts by mass Propylene glycol monomethyl ether 42.00 parts by mass ⁇ ⁇
  • the alignment film was exposed using the exposure apparatus shown in FIG. 13 to form an alignment film P-1 having an alignment pattern.
  • a laser that emits laser light having a wavelength (325 nm) was used.
  • the exposure amount due to the interference light was set to 1000 mJ / cm 2 .
  • One cycle (the length of rotation of the optic axis by 180 °) of the orientation pattern formed by the interference between the two laser beams was controlled by changing the intersection angle (intersection angle ⁇ ) of the two lights.
  • composition A-1 (Formation of liquid crystal layer) The following composition A-1 was prepared as the liquid crystal composition forming the incident diffraction element B.
  • This composition A-1 is a liquid crystal composition that forms a cholesteric liquid crystal layer (cholesteric liquid crystal phase) that reflects right-handed circularly polarized light.
  • composition A-1 is applied onto the alignment film P-1, the coating film is heated to 80 ° C. on a hot plate, and then the wavelength is 365 nm using a high-pressure mercury lamp at 80 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the coating film By irradiating the coating film with an irradiation amount of 300 mJ / cm 2 , the orientation of the liquid crystal compound was fixed and the liquid crystal layer of the incident diffraction element B was formed.
  • the number of pitches in the normal direction (thickness direction) with respect to the main surface was 8 pitches.
  • the pitch P of the inclined surface of the bright part and the dark part with respect to the main surface was 0.31 ⁇ m.
  • the bright and dark areas referred to here are bright and dark areas derived from the cholesteric liquid crystal phase, which are seen when the cross section of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is observed by SEM.
  • the exit diffraction element B was manufactured in the same manner as the incident diffraction element B except that the film thickness was adjusted.
  • the number of pitches of the liquid crystal layer was 2 pitches.
  • the alignment film PQ1 was exposed by irradiating the obtained alignment film PQ1 with polarized ultraviolet rays (50 mJ / cm 2 , using an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp).
  • composition C-1 (Formation of ⁇ / 4 plate) The following composition C-1 was prepared as a liquid crystal composition forming ⁇ / 4.
  • Composition C-1 ⁇ Liquid crystal compound L-2 42.00 parts by mass Liquid crystal compound L-3 42.00 parts by mass Liquid crystal compound L-4 16.00 parts by mass Polymerization initiator PI-1 0.50 parts by mass Leveling agent G-1 0.20 parts by mass Part Methyl ethyl ketone 176.00 parts by mass Cyclopentanone 44.00 parts by mass ⁇
  • a layer made of an inversely dispersed liquid crystal compound was formed as a ⁇ / 4 plate.
  • the ⁇ / 4 plate was formed by applying the above composition C-1 on the alignment film PQ1.
  • the applied coating film is heated to 70 ° C. on a hot plate, then cooled to 65 ° C., and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 365 nm in a nitrogen atmosphere at an irradiation amount of 500 mJ / cm 2. By doing so, the orientation of the liquid crystal compound was fixed. As a result, a ⁇ / 4 plate was obtained.
  • the Re (530) of the obtained ⁇ / 4 plate was 133 nm.
  • the light guide plate As the light guide plate, a light guide plate having a size of 60 mm ⁇ 70 mm, a thickness of 1 mm, and a material: glass was used. The incident diffraction element B was cut out to a size of 6 mm in diameter and used. The emission diffraction element B was cut out to a size of 20 mm ⁇ 25 mm and used. When cutting out each diffraction element, the cutting direction and the periodic direction of the diffraction structure are adjusted so that the periodic direction of the diffraction structure becomes a predetermined direction when each diffraction element is arranged on the light guide plate. Cut out.
  • Each of the produced diffraction elements was bonded to one main surface of the light guide plate using an adhesive.
  • the arrangement of each diffraction element was as shown in FIG.
  • the incident diffraction element B and the outgoing diffraction element B are arranged at a distance of 8 mm in the left-right direction. From the above, the light guide element was manufactured.
  • An optical member was manufactured by arranging the polarizing elements at positions overlapping the emission diffraction elements in the plane direction on the side opposite to the light guide plate side of the manufactured light guide elements.
  • the polarizing element was cut out to a size of 20 mm ⁇ 25 mm and used.
  • the distance between the light guide element and the polarizing element was set to 2 mm.
  • Example 1-2 An optical member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the polarizing element was arranged so as to be in contact with the light guide element.
  • Example 1-3 An optical member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that a linear polarizer was used as the polarizing element.
  • Examples 2-1 to 2-3, Comparative Example 2 Examples 1-1 to 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 except that the following incident diffraction element G was used instead of the incident diffraction element B and the following emission diffraction element G was used instead of the exit diffraction element B, respectively.
  • An optical member was produced in the same manner.
  • the number of pitches in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer of the incident diffraction element G was 8 pitches, and in the liquid crystal alignment pattern, one cycle ⁇ in which the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound was rotated by 180 ° was 0.39 ⁇ m.
  • the pitch P of the liquid crystal layer was 0.36 ⁇ m.
  • the exit diffraction element G was manufactured in the same manner as the incident diffraction element G except that the film thickness was adjusted.
  • the number of pitches of the liquid crystal layer was 2 pitches.
  • Examples 3-1 to 3-3, Comparative Example 3 Examples 1-1 to 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 except that the following incident diffraction element R was used instead of the incident diffraction element B and the following emission diffraction element R was used instead of the exit diffraction element B, respectively.
  • An optical member was produced in the same manner.
  • the intersection angle (diffraction angle ⁇ ) of the two lights is changed so that one cycle of the alignment pattern formed on the alignment film is different, and the amount of the chiral auxiliary in the composition forming the liquid crystal layer is 4.
  • the incident diffraction element R was manufactured in the same manner as the incident diffraction element B except that the film thickness was adjusted to .42 parts by mass.
  • the number of pitches in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer of the incident diffraction element R was 8 pitches, and in the liquid crystal alignment pattern, one cycle ⁇ in which the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound was rotated by 180 ° was 0.45 ⁇ m.
  • the pitch P of the liquid crystal layer was 0.43 ⁇ m.
  • the exit diffraction element R was manufactured in the same manner as the incident diffraction element R except that the film thickness was adjusted.
  • the number of pitches of the liquid crystal layer was 2 pitches.
  • Example 4-1 Manufacture of Intermediate Diffractive Element B
  • the intermediate diffraction element B was produced in the same manner as the incident diffraction element B except that the amount of the chiral agent in the composition forming the liquid crystal layer was changed to 5.57 parts by mass and the film thickness was adjusted. did.
  • the number of pitches in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer of the intermediate diffraction element B was 2 pitches, and the pitch P of the liquid crystal layer was 0.34 ⁇ m. Further, in the liquid crystal orientation pattern, one cycle ⁇ in which the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound was rotated by 180 ° was 0.23 ⁇ m.
  • the light guide plate As the light guide plate, a light guide plate having a size of 60 mm ⁇ 70 mm, a thickness of 1 mm, and a material: glass was used.
  • the incident diffraction element B was cut out to a size of 6 mm in diameter and used.
  • the intermediate diffraction element B was cut out to a size of 15 mm (maximum) ⁇ 25 mm and used.
  • the emission diffraction element B was cut out to a size of 20 mm ⁇ 25 mm and used.
  • the cutting direction and the periodic direction of the diffraction structure are adjusted so that the periodic direction of the diffraction structure becomes a predetermined direction when each diffraction element is arranged on the light guide plate. Cut out.
  • Each of the produced diffraction elements was bonded to one main surface of the light guide plate using an adhesive.
  • the arrangement of each diffraction element was as shown in FIG.
  • the intermediate diffraction element B and the incident diffraction element B are arranged at a distance of 1 mm in the left-right direction. Further, the exit diffraction element B and the intermediate diffraction element B are arranged at a distance of 8 mm in the vertical direction. From the above, the light guide element was manufactured.
  • An optical member was manufactured by arranging the polarizing elements at positions overlapping the emission diffraction elements in the plane direction on the side opposite to the light guide plate side of the manufactured light guide elements.
  • the polarizing element was cut out to a size of 20 mm ⁇ 25 mm and used.
  • the distance between the light guide element and the polarizing element was set to 2 mm.
  • Example 4-2 An optical member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4-1 except that the polarizing element was arranged so as to be in contact with the light guide element.
  • Example 4-3 An optical member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4-1 except that a linear polarizer was used as the polarizing element.
  • Example 5-1 to 5-3 Comparative Example 5
  • Optical members were produced in the same manner as in 4-1 to 4-3 and Comparative Example 4.
  • the number of pitches in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer was 2 pitches, and in the liquid crystal orientation pattern, one cycle ⁇ in which the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound was rotated by 180 ° was 0.28 ⁇ m.
  • the pitch P of the liquid crystal layer was 0.41 ⁇ m.
  • Example 6-1 to 6-3 Comparative Example 6
  • Optical members were produced in the same manner as in 4-1 to 4-3 and Comparative Example 4.
  • the number of pitches in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer was 2 pitches, and in the liquid crystal orientation pattern, one cycle ⁇ in which the optical axis of the liquid crystal compound was rotated by 180 ° was 0.32 ⁇ m.
  • the pitch P of the liquid crystal layer was 0.48 ⁇ m.
  • Examples 1-1 to 1-3, 4-1 to 4 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 4 were evaluated using light having a wavelength of 450 nm.
  • Examples 2-1 to 2-3 and 5-1 to 5 to 3 and Comparative Examples 2 and 5 were evaluated using light having a wavelength of 532 nm.
  • Examples 3-1 to 3-3, 6-1 to 6-3 and Comparative Examples 3 and 6 were evaluated using light having a wavelength of 635 nm.
  • a projection display that combines a projection light source and a convex lens with LCOS (Liquid crystal on silicon) was prepared.
  • An image display device was produced by arranging a projection display so as to irradiate an image toward an incident diffraction element.
  • a circular polarizing plate was placed between the projection display and the incident diffraction element, and an image of right-handed circularly polarized light was projected onto the incident diffraction element.
  • each projection display is assumed to irradiate an image of a color (wavelength) corresponding to the corresponding incident diffraction element.
  • An image was displayed using the produced image display device, and the stray light was evaluated according to the following criteria.
  • ⁇ B The generation of stray light was weakly visible, but it was within the permissible range.
  • ⁇ C The generation of stray light was visible and conspicuous.
  • the light emitted from the light source was passed through a linear polarizer and a ⁇ / 4 plate to obtain circularly polarized light. This light was incident on the incident diffraction element of the light guide element, and the amount of light emitted from the exit diffraction element was measured with a power meter. The measurement points were 10 mm from the upper end of the emission diffraction element, the center of the left and right positions, and the emission light from the center to the left and right ⁇ 6 mm. Further, when the normal direction with respect to the main surface of the light guide plate was set to 0 °, the angle of incidence of light on the incident diffraction element was changed from 0 ° to 20 ° in 10 ° increments.
  • Pinholes are arranged so that the effective aperture of the power meter is 2 mm ⁇ , the amount of light is measured so that the emitted light passes through the center of the pinhole, and the measured values of each position and each incident angle are evaluated by the average amount of light.
  • -A The amount of light is 80% or more with respect to the corresponding comparative example.
  • -B The amount of light is less than 80% with respect to the corresponding comparative example. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.
  • Example 1-1 and Example 1-2 a comparison between Example 1-1 and Example 1-2, a comparison between Example 2-1 and Example 2-2, a comparison between Example 3-1 and Example 3-2, and Example 4 From the comparison between -1 and Example 4-2, the comparison between Example 5-1 and Example 5-2, and the comparison between Example 6-1 and Example 6-2, the polarizing element is referred to as a light guide element. It can be seen that by arranging them apart from each other, it is possible to prevent the displayed image from becoming dark.
  • Example 1-1 and Example 1-3 a comparison between Example 1-1 and Example 1-3, a comparison between Example 2-1 and Example 2-3, a comparison between Example 3-1 and Example 3-3, and Example 4 From the comparison between -1 and Example 4-3, the comparison between Example 5-1 and Example 5-3, and the comparison between Example 6-1 and Example 6-3, the retardation layer was used as a polarizing element. It can be seen that stray light can be suppressed more preferably by using a circularly polarizing plate composed of a linear polarizing element. From the above results, the effect of the present invention is clear.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
PCT/JP2020/043253 2019-11-26 2020-11-19 光学部材および画像表示装置 Ceased WO2021106749A1 (ja)

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WO2024196010A1 (ko) * 2023-03-22 2024-09-26 삼성전자 주식회사 편광 반사판을 포함하는 웨어러블 전자 장치

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