WO2021103891A1 - 一种具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合流水车间调度方法 - Google Patents

一种具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合流水车间调度方法 Download PDF

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WO2021103891A1
WO2021103891A1 PCT/CN2020/123789 CN2020123789W WO2021103891A1 WO 2021103891 A1 WO2021103891 A1 WO 2021103891A1 CN 2020123789 W CN2020123789 W CN 2020123789W WO 2021103891 A1 WO2021103891 A1 WO 2021103891A1
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processing
time
transportation
stage
equipment
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PCT/CN2020/123789
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French (fr)
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刘志峰
闫俊
张彩霞
初红艳
董树林
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北京工业大学
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G05B19/41865Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by job scheduling, process planning, material flow
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/32Operator till task planning
    • G05B2219/32252Scheduling production, machining, job shop
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

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  • the invention relates to the scheduling technology of a mixed flow shop, in particular to a modeling method for a mixed flow shop scheduling model with variable parameter continuous processing and intermittent processing, and belongs to the technical field of advanced manufacturing control and scheduling.
  • the method of individual batch processing is more important to solve the problem of difficult quality control during continuous processing such as heat treatment, especially when the workpiece is heated in heating furnaces and other equipment.
  • the holding time directly affects the processing quality of the workpiece. Therefore, in order to achieve efficient and high-quality mixed flow shop processing, from the perspective of completion time and processing quality, it is very valuable to study a mixed flow shop scheduling model with variable parameter continuous processing and intermittent processing.
  • the invention aims at the high efficiency and high quality required in actual production, and considers the states of workpieces, manufacturing equipment, and transportation equipment in many different manufacturing stages.
  • the variable parameter continuous processing stage and the variable parameter intermittent processing stage are designed to solve the problem separately.
  • a production scheduling model targeting completion time and manufacturing quality has been established.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is a mixed flow shop scheduling method with variable parameter continuous processing and intermittent processing.
  • the basic requirements of the scheduling method are as follows:
  • Each processing stage has one or more identical manufacturing equipment
  • Each transportation stage has one or more identical transportation equipment (due to transportation space limitations, each transportation stage usually has one transportation equipment);
  • Each manufacturing equipment can only process one job at a time
  • Each transport equipment can only transport one operation at a time
  • Each workpiece can only be processed by one manufacturing equipment or one transportation equipment at a time;
  • the processing stage is mainly composed of two types: continuous processing with variable parameters and intermittent processing with variable parameters;
  • the waiting time before transportation and the waiting time before processing of the next stage are adjusted to ensure reasonable and efficient scheduling.
  • the waiting time is fixed. [0,+ ⁇ ] can be adjusted within the domain.
  • Workpieces, manufacturing equipment, and transportation equipment will be in a variety of different states during the production process, and a variety of different time factors are used to represent the production process status of the workpiece, manufacturing equipment, and transportation equipment.
  • the time relationship among workpieces, manufacturing equipment, and transportation equipment is shown in Figure 2.
  • the multiple time factors of the workpiece are composed of: waiting time before transportation T wt , transportation time T t , waiting time before processing T wp , preparation time T r , processing time T p , adjustment time T s , when the processing stage is a variable parameter
  • the waiting time before transportation and the waiting time before processing in the latter stage are both zero.
  • the variable parameter is the adjustment time of this stage.
  • the waiting time can be adjusted to arrange the scheduling plan reasonably; processing equipment consisting of a plurality of time factor: processing equipment interval T g, preparation time T r, the processing time T p, the adjustment time T s; more time factor transport equipment consists of: transportation equipment interval T tg, preparation time T r .
  • the mathematical model of completion time constructed is as follows:
  • formula (1) is a mathematical model with completion time as the target, and formulas (2) to (10) are constraints.
  • the formula (2) is the constraint of the variable waiting time before transportation
  • the formula (3) is the constraint of the variable waiting time before processing
  • the formula (4) is the constraint of the sequence relationship between the front and rear two workpieces on the same transportation equipment.
  • the formula ( 5) is the constraint of the sequence relationship between the front and rear two workpieces on the same processing equipment
  • formula (6) is the relationship between the two processing stages of the same workpiece
  • formula (7) is the same workpiece when the current stage is continuous processing
  • the relationship between the two stages of transportation before the two stages of transportation is the relationship between the two stages of transportation of the same workpiece when the current stage is continuous processing
  • the formula (9) is the definition of the adjustment time for different types of processing stages
  • the formula ( 10) is the constraint between the maximum and minimum values of the variable adjustment time parameter.
  • the adjustment time is set as the variable parameter to achieve continuous processing.
  • the continuous processing process such as heat treatment is mainly based on heating furnace equipment.
  • the variable parameter adjustment time is the heating and holding time.
  • the heating and holding time directly reflects the processing quality of the workpiece.
  • the holding time is a value within the technological requirements, and the best holding time is between the minimum holding time and A value between the maximum holding time.
  • the optimal holding time interval value is set within the holding time range required by the process, and the holding time interval is optimized to improve the heating quality of the forging, and the best heat preservation
  • the time interval value is expressed as:
  • the quality model in production is as follows:
  • the multi-objective optimization scheduling model is established to optimize the scheduling from two aspects of efficiency and quality.
  • the efficiency is reflected by the completion time, and the quality is reflected by the interval between the best heat preservation.
  • the established multi-objective optimization equation is as follows:
  • the patent of the invention is based on the basic mixed flow shop model, analyzes the processing stage types of the shop scheduling model, and constructs two types of processing stages: a continuous processing stage with variable parameters and an intermittent processing stage.
  • the two processing stages are analyzed.
  • Scheduling processing method established a mixed flow shop scheduling model composed of different types of processing stages, and established a standard optimization function targeting completion time and quality for the scheduling model, providing a shop scheduling problem model for the scheduling optimization algorithm .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a mixed production mode with variable parameter continuous processing and intermittent processing.
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of various time relationships of workpieces/manufacturing equipment/transportation equipment.
  • the present invention aims at the high efficiency and high quality required in actual production, and considers the states of workpieces, processing equipment and transportation equipment in many different manufacturing stages, and designs the variable parameter continuous processing stage and the variable parameter intermittent processing stage, respectively.
  • a production scheduling model targeting completion time and manufacturing quality has been established.
  • Step 1 Establish the assumptions and requirements of the scheduling model
  • Each processing stage has one or more identical manufacturing equipment
  • Each transportation stage has one or more identical transportation equipment (due to transportation space limitations, each transportation stage usually has one transportation equipment);
  • Each manufacturing equipment can only process one job at a time
  • Each transport equipment can only transport one operation at a time
  • Each workpiece can only be processed by one manufacturing equipment or one transportation equipment at a time;
  • the processing stage is mainly composed of two types: continuous processing with variable parameters and intermittent processing with variable parameters;
  • the waiting time before transportation and the waiting time before processing of the next stage are adjusted to ensure reasonable and efficient scheduling.
  • the waiting time is fixed. [0,+ ⁇ ] can be adjusted within the domain.
  • Step 2 Establish a time relationship network of workpiece/manufacturing equipment/transportation equipment
  • Workpieces, manufacturing equipment, and transportation equipment will be in a variety of different states during the production process, and a variety of different time factors are used to represent the production process status of the workpiece, manufacturing equipment, and transportation equipment.
  • the multiple time factors of the workpiece are: waiting time before transportation (T wt ), transportation time (T t ), waiting time before processing (T wp ), preparation time (T r ), processing time (T p ), adjustment time (T s ), when the processing stage is continuous processing with variable parameters, the waiting time before transportation and the waiting time before processing in the latter stage are both zero.
  • the variable parameter is the adjustment time of this stage.
  • the waiting time can be adjusted to arrange the scheduling plan reasonably;
  • the multiple time factors of processing equipment are composed of: processing equipment interval time (T g ), preparation time (T r ), processing time (T p ), adjustment time (T s );
  • Various time factors of transportation equipment are composed of: transportation equipment interval time (T tg ), preparation time (T r ).
  • Step 3 Establish a mathematical model of the completion time of the mixed flow shop
  • the mathematical model of completion time constructed is as follows:
  • formula (1) is a mathematical model with completion time as the target, and formulas (2) to (10) are constraints.
  • the formula (2) is the constraint of the variable waiting time before transportation
  • the formula (3) is the constraint of the variable waiting time before processing
  • the formula (4) is the constraint of the sequence relationship between the front and rear two workpieces on the same transportation equipment.
  • the formula ( 5) is the constraint of the sequence relationship between the front and rear two workpieces on the same processing equipment
  • formula (6) is the relationship between the two processing stages of the same workpiece
  • formula (7) is the same workpiece when the current stage is continuous processing
  • the relationship between the two stages of transportation before the two stages of transportation is the relationship between the two stages of transportation of the same workpiece when the current stage is continuous processing
  • the formula (9) is the definition of the adjustment time for different types of processing stages
  • the formula ( 10) is the constraint between the maximum and minimum values of the variable adjustment time parameter.
  • Step 4 Establish a mathematical model of the processing quality of the mixed flow workshop
  • the adjustment time is set as the variable parameter to achieve continuous processing.
  • the continuous processing process such as heat treatment is mainly based on heating furnace equipment.
  • the variable parameter adjustment time is the heating and holding time.
  • the heating and holding time directly reflects the processing quality of the workpiece.
  • the holding time is a value within the range of the process requirements, and the best holding time is between the minimum holding time and A value between the maximum holding time.
  • the optimal holding time interval value is set within the holding time range required by the process, and the holding time interval is optimized to improve the heating quality of the forging, and the best holding
  • the time interval value is expressed as:
  • the quality model in production is as follows:
  • Step 5 Build the multi-objective function of the hybrid flow shop scheduling model
  • the multi-objective optimization scheduling model is established to optimize the scheduling from two aspects of efficiency and quality.
  • the efficiency is reflected by the completion time, and the quality is reflected by the interval between the best heat preservation.
  • the established multi-objective optimization equation is as follows:

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Abstract

一种具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合流水车间调度方法,分析了车间调度模型的加工阶段类型,构建了具有可变参数连续加工阶段和间歇加工阶段这两种类型的加工阶段,建立了由不同种类的加工阶段组成的混合流水车间调度模型。其中的模型通过以下步骤建立:建立调度模型的假设与要求;分析并建立工件/制造设备/运输设备的时间关系网;建立混合流水车间的完工时间数学模型与质量模型;构建混合流水车间调度模型的多目标函数。由此,为混合流水车间建立了完工时间和质量的多目标模型,通过运用模型解决了由连续加工与间歇加工组成的混合流水车间的调度问题。

Description

一种具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合流水车间调度方法 技术领域
本发明涉及混合流水车间的调度技术,尤其是针对具有可变参数连续加工与间歇式加工的混合流水车间调度模型的一种建模方法,属于先进制造控制与调度技术领域。
背景技术
混合流水车间调度问题广泛存在于实际生产车间中,然而目前大多数的生产流程都是间歇式的机加工生产,前后两个加工阶段通过设定等待时间实现加工任务的合理安排。除了机加工等冷加工过程以外,热加工过程普遍存在于各种冷加工过程之间,不同于间歇式的冷加工过程,热加工过程具有强制连续性加工的特点,如加热炉与热处理的两阶段加工问题,工件必须在加热之后快速、无间歇地进入热处理环节,保证工件能够在要求的高温下进行热处理。目前。在混合生产过程中,这种连续性的加工过程只能单独批量处理,导致加工效率低下。
此外,除了热处理等连续性加工导致的生产调度困难以外,单独批量处理的方式更重要的是解决热处理等连续性加工过程中,质量难以控制的问题,尤其是工件在加热炉等设备中,加热保温时间直接影响工件的加工质量。因此,为了能够实现高效、高质的混合流水车间加工,从完工时间与加工质量的角度,研究具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合流水车间调度模型是非常有价值的。
发明内容
本发明以实际生产中要求的高效、高质为目标,考虑了众多不同制造阶段工件、制造设备、运输设备的状态,设计了可变参数连续加工阶段与可变参数的间歇加工阶段,分别解决热处理等连续性加工与冷加工过程,建立了以完工时间、制造质量为目标的生产调度模型。
本发明采用的技术方案为一种具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合流水车间调度方法,调度方法的基本要求如下:
1)组成:原料储存区、成品储存区、m个加工阶段,m≥2;(m+1)个运输阶段;
2)每个加工阶段具有一个或多个相同的制造设备;
3)每个运输阶段具有一个或多个相同的运输设备(由于运输空间限制,每 个运输阶段通常具有一个运输设备);
4)制造过程考虑n个作业和在m个加工阶段处理,在(m+1)个运输阶段运输;
5)每台制造设备一次只能处理一个作业;
6)每台运输设备一次只能运输一个作业;
7)每个工件每次只能有一台制造设备或一台运输设备处理;
8)加工阶段主要由两种类型组成:具有可变参数的连续加工、具有可变参数间歇式加工;
9)在具有可变参数的连续加工阶段中,要求在该阶段即将完成加工时,存在一个在定义域[c,d]内的可变参数,可以在调度计划中调整该参数,以保证多种混合加工零件能够合理安排。
10)在具有可变参数间歇式加工阶段中,要求在该阶段完成加工时,通过调整下一阶段的运输前等待时间和加工前等待时间,以保证合理高效的排产调度,等待时间在定域内[0,+∞]可调整。
该方法的实现过程如下:
S1.工件/制造设备/运输设备的时间关系网
工件、制造设备、运输设备在生产过程中会处于多种不同的状态,采用多种不同的时间因素来表示工件、制造设备、运输设备的生产过程状态。工件、制造设备、运输设备的时间关系如图2所示。工件的多种时间因素组成为:运输前等待时间T wt、运输时间T t、加工前等待时间T wp、准备时间T r、加工时间T p、调整时间T s,当加工阶段是可变参数连续加工时,后一阶段的运输前等待时间和加工前等待时间都为零,可变参数为该阶段的调整时间,当加工阶段是间歇加工时,可调整等待时间合理安排调度计划;加工设备的多种时间因素组成为:加工设备间隔时间T g、准备时间T r、加工时间T p、调整时间T s;运输设备的多种时间因素组成:运输设备间隔时间T tg、准备时间T r。当工件在制造设备上加工时,则工件的准备时间、加工时间、调整时间与制造设备的准备时间、加工时间、调整时间相同;当工件在运输设备上运输时,则工件的运输时间与运输设备的运输时间相同。
S2.混合流水车间的完工时间模型
建立混合流水车间的完工时间数学模型,单个工件的完工时间是从工件开始加工时刻到最后一个共工序加工完成为止花费的所有时间,假设所有工件的加工时间都是从t=0时刻开始,则整批工件的完工时间就是该批工件中所有单个工件的完工时间中的最大值。考虑到该混合流水车间的加工阶段有两种类型:具有可变参数连续加工和间歇加工,构建的完工时间数学模型如下:
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000001
s.t.
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000003
tt yj<wt yj≤tt ij                         (4)
et xj≤rt ij                          (5)
et ij=st i(j+1)                         (6)
et ij=st i(j+1)=tt i(j+1)(D j=0)                   (7)
wt ij=rt ij(D j-1=0)                      (8)
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000005
其中,公式(1)是以完工时间为目标的数学模型,公式(2)~(10)是约束条件。公式(2)是可变运输前等待时间的约束,公式(3)是可变加工前等待时间约束,公式(4)是同一台运输设备上前后两个工件之间的先后关系约束,公式(5)是同一加工设备上前后两个工件之间的先后关系约束,公式(6)是同一工件的两个加工阶段之间的关系,公式(7)是当前一阶段是连续性加工时同一工件的两个阶段运输之前的关系,公式(8)是当前一阶段是连续性加工时同一工件的两个阶段运输之后的关系,公式(9)是对于不同加工阶段类型的调整时间定义,公式(10)是可变调整时间参数在最大与最小值之间的约束。
S3.混合流水车间的加工质量模型
对于该混合流水车间模型中具有可变参数的连续加工阶段,设定调整时间为 可变参数来实现连续性的加工,在实际生产中,热处理等连续加工过程以加热炉设备为主,该可变参数调整时间即为加热保温时间,该加热保温时间直接反应出了工件的加工质量,根据实际加工过程保温时间是一个在工艺要求范围内的数值,而最佳保温时间是在最小保温时间和最大保温时间之间的一个值,为保证加热后工件的质量最佳,在工艺要求的保温时间范围内设定最佳保温时间间隔值,优化保温时间间隔从而提高锻件的加热质量,最佳保温时间间隔值表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000006
通过计算实际调度保温时间与最佳保温时间的均方误差,来反映工件实际保温时间和最佳保温时间之间差异程度,构建所有工件的最佳保温时间间隔的均方误差和,即该混合生产中的质量模型如下:
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000007
S4.构建混合流水车间调度模型的多目标函数
针对具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合流水车间调度模型的完工时间、质量模型,建立其多目标优化调度模型,从效率、质量两个方面进行调度优化。效率通过完工时间体现,质量通过最佳保温之间间隔来体现,建立的多目标优化方程如下:
f=min(T,Q)            (13)
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000008
s.t.
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000010
tt yj<wt yj≤tt ij           (17)
et xj≤rt ij                (18)
et ij=st i(j+1)            (19)
et ij=st i(j+1)=tt i(j+1)(D j=0)     (20)
wt ij=rt ij(D j-1=0)                (21)
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000012
在模型中采用的符号具体如下:
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000014
本发明专利基于基本的混合流水车间模型,分析车间调度模型的加工阶段类型,构建了两种类型的加工阶段:具有可变参数连续加工阶段和间歇加工阶段,分析了两种加工阶段的两阶段调度处理方法,建立了由不同种类的加工阶段组成的混合流水车间调度模型,针对该调度模型建立了以完工时间、质量为目标的标优化函数,为排产调度优化算法提供了车间调度问题模型。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
图1是具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合生产模式示意图。
图2是工件/制造设备/运输设备的多种时间关系图。
具体实施方式
本发明以实际生产中要求的高效、高质为目标,考虑了众多不同制造阶段工件、加工设备、运输设备的状态,设计了可变参数连续加工阶段与可变参数的间歇加工阶段,分别解决热处理等连续性加工与冷加工过程,建立了以完工时间、制造质量为目标的生产调度模型。下面结合附图以及具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步描述:
步骤1:建立调度模型的假设与要求
如图所示1,描述了,描述了构建的两种阶段模式下的混合车间调度模型。物料从原材料存放区开始,依次经过各个加工阶段,最后到完成品存放区。该调度模型的假设与要求如下:
1)组成:原料储存区、成品储存区、m个加工阶段(m≥2),(m+1)个运输阶段;
2)每个加工阶段具有一个或多个相同的制造设备;
3)每个运输阶段具有一个或多个相同的运输设备(由于运输空间限制,每个运输阶段通常具有一个运输设备);
4)制造过程考虑n个作业和在m个加工阶段处理,在(m+1)个运输阶段运输;
5)每台制造设备一次只能处理一个作业;
6)每台运输设备一次只能运输一个作业;
7)每个工件每次只能有一台制造设备或一台运输设备处理;
8)加工阶段主要由两种类型组成:具有可变参数的连续加工、具有可变参数间歇式加工;
9)在具有可变参数的连续加工阶段中,要求在该阶段即将完成加工时,存在一个在定义域[c,d]内的可变参数,可以在调度计划中调整该参数,以保证多种混合加工零件能够合理安排。
10)在具有可变参数间歇式加工阶段中,要求在该阶段完成加工时,通过调整下一阶段的运输前等待时间和加工前等待时间,以保证合理高效的排产调度,等待时间在定域内[0,+∞]可调整。
步骤2:建立工件/制造设备/运输设备的时间关系网
工件、制造设备、运输设备在生产过程中会处于多种不同的状态,采用多种不同的时间因素来表示工件、制造设备、运输设备的生产过程状态。
如图2所示,描述了工件、制造设备、运输设备的多种时间关系。工件的多种时间因素组成为:运输前等待时间(T wt),运输时间(T t),加工前等待时间(T wp),准备时间(T r),加工时间(T p),调整时间(T s),当加工阶段是可变参数连续加工时,后一阶段的运输前等待时间和加工前等待时间都为零,可变参数为该阶段的调整时间,当加工阶段是间歇加工时,可调整等待时间合理安排调度计划;加工设备的多种时间因素组成为:加工设备间隔时间(T g),准备时间(T r),加工时间(T p),调整时间(T s);运输设备的多种时间因素组成:运输设备间隔时间(T tg),准备时间(T r)。当工件在制造设备上加工时,则工件的准备时间,加工时间,调整时间与制造设备的准备时间,加工时间,调整时间相同;当工件在运输设备上运输时,则工件的运输时间与运输设备的运输时间相同。
步骤3:建立混合流水车间的完工时间数学模型
建立混合流水车间的完工时间数学模型,单个工件的完工时间是从工件开始加工时刻到最后一个共工序加工完成为止花费的所有时间,假设所有工件的加工时间都是从t=0时刻开始,则整批工件的完工时间就是该批工件中所有单个工件的完工时间中的最大值。考虑到该混合流水车间的加工阶段有两种类型:具有可变参数连续加工和间歇加工,构建的完工时间数学模型如下:
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000015
s.t.
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000017
tt yj<wt yj≤tt ij            (4)
et xj≤rt ij                 (5)
et ij=st i(j+1)             (6)
et ij=st i(j+1)=tt i(j+1)(D j=0)         (7)
wt ijrt ij(D j-1=0)             (8)
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000019
其中,公式(1)是以完工时间为目标的数学模型,公式(2)~(10)是约束条件。公式(2)是可变运输前等待时间的约束,公式(3)是可变加工前等待时间约束,公式(4)是同一台运输设备上前后两个工件之间的先后关系约束,公式(5)是同一加工设备上前后两个工件之间的先后关系约束,公式(6)是同一工件的两个加工阶段之间的关系,公式(7)是当前一阶段是连续性加工时同一工件的两个阶段运输之前的关系,公式(8)是当前一阶段是连续性加工时同一工件的两个阶段运输之后的关系,公式(9)是对于不同加工阶段类型的调整时间定义,公式(10)是可变调整时间参数在最大与最小值之间的约束。
步骤4:建立混合流水车间的加工质量数学模型
对于该混合流水车间模型中具有可变参数的连续加工阶段,设定调整时间为可变参数来实现连续性的加工,在实际生产中,热处理等连续加工过程以加热炉设备为主,该可变参数调整时间即为加热保温时间,该加热保温时间直接反应出了工件的加工质量,根据实际加工过程保温时间是一个在工艺要求范围内的数值,而最佳保温时间是在最小保温时间和最大保温时间之间的一个值,为了保证加热后工件的质量最佳,在工艺要求的保温时间范围内设定最佳保温时间间隔值,优 化保温时间间隔从而提高锻件的加热质量,最佳保温时间间隔值表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000020
通过计算实际调度保温时间与最佳保温时间的均方误差,来反映工件实际保温时间和最佳保温时间之间差异程度,构建所有工件的最佳保温时间间隔的均方误差和,即该混合生产中的质量模型如下:
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000021
步骤5:构建混合流水车间调度模型的多目标函数
针对具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合流水车间调度模型的完工时间、质量模型,建立其多目标优化调度模型,从效率、质量两个方面进行调度优化。效率通过完工时间体现,质量通过最佳保温之间间隔来体现,建立的多目标优化方程如下:
f=min(T,Q)            (13)
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000022
s.t.
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000024
tt yj<wt yj≤tt ij        (17)
et xj≤rt ij             (18)
et ij=st i(j+1)         (19)
et ij=st i(j+1)=tt i(j+1)(D j=0)     (20)
wt ij=rt ij(D j-1=0)                (21)
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000026
在所述数学模型中采用的符号具体如下:
Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-000027

Claims (2)

  1. 一种具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合流水车间调度方法,其特征在于:该方法的实现过程如下,
    S1.工件/制造设备/运输设备的时间关系网
    工件的多种时间因素组成为:运输前等待时间T wt、运输时间T t、加工前等待时间T wp、准备时间T r、加工时间T p、调整时间T s,当加工阶段是可变参数连续加工时,后一阶段的运输前等待时间和加工前等待时间都为零,可变参数为该阶段的调整时间,当加工阶段是间歇加工时,可调整等待时间合理安排调度计划;加工设备的多种时间因素组成为:加工设备间隔时间T g、准备时间T r、加工时间T p、调整时间T s;运输设备的多种时间因素组成:运输设备间隔时间T tg、准备时间T r
    S2.混合流水车间的完工时间模型
    考虑到该混合流水车间的加工阶段有两种类型:具有可变参数连续加工和间歇加工,构建的完工时间数学模型如下:
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100001
    s.t.
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100003
    tt yj<wt yj≤tt ij  (4)
    et xj≤rt ij  (5)
    et ij=st i(j+1)  (6)
    et ij=st i(j+1)=tt i(j+1)(D j=0)  (7)
    wt ij=rt ij(D j-1=0)  (8)
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100005
    其中,公式(1)是以完工时间为目标的数学模型,公式(2)~(10)是约束条件;公式(2)是可变运输前等待时间的约束,公式(3)是可变加工前等待时间约束,公 式(4)是同一台运输设备上前后两个工件之间的先后关系约束,公式(5)是同一加工设备上前后两个工件之间的先后关系约束,公式(6)是同一工件的两个加工阶段之间的关系,公式(7)是当前一阶段是连续性加工时同一工件的两个阶段运输之前的关系,公式(8)是当前一阶段是连续性加工时同一工件的两个阶段运输之后的关系,公式(9)是对于不同加工阶段类型的调整时间定义,公式(10)是可变调整时间参数在最大与最小值之间的约束;
    S3.混合流水车间的加工质量模型
    对于该混合流水车间模型中具有可变参数的连续加工阶段,设定调整时间为可变参数来实现连续性的加工,在实际生产中,热处理连续加工过程以加热炉设备为主,该可变参数调整时间即为加热保温时间,该加热保温时间直接反应出了工件的加工质量,根据实际加工过程保温时间是一个在工艺要求范围内的数值,而最佳保温时间是在最小保温时间和最大保温时间之间的一个值,为保证加热后工件的质量最佳,在工艺要求的保温时间范围内设定最佳保温时间间隔值,优化保温时间间隔从而提高锻件的加热质量,最佳保温时间间隔值表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100006
    通过计算实际调度保温时间与最佳保温时间的均方误差,来反映工件实际保温时间和最佳保温时间之间差异程度,构建所有工件的最佳保温时间间隔的均方误差和,即该混合生产中的质量模型如下:
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100007
    S4.构建混合流水车间调度模型的多目标函数
    针对具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合流水车间调度模型的完工时间、质量模型,建立其多目标优化调度模型,从效率、质量两个方面进行调度优化;效率通过完工时间体现,质量通过最佳保温之间间隔来体现,建立的多目标优化方程如下:
    f=min(T,Q)  (13)
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100008
    s.t.
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100010
    tt yj<wt yj≤tt ij  (17)
    et xj≤rt ij  (18)
    et ij=st i(j+1)  (19)
    et ij=st i(j+1)=tt i(j+1)(D j=0)  (20)
    wt ij=rt ij(D j-1=0)  (21)
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100011
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100012
    在模型中采用的符号具体如下:
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100013
    Figure PCTCN2020123789-appb-100014
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种具有可变参数连续加工与间歇加工的混合流水车间调度方法,其特征在于:调度方法的基本要求如下,
    1)组成:原料储存区、成品储存区、m个加工阶段,m≥2;(m+1)个运输阶段;
    2)每个加工阶段具有一个或多个相同的制造设备;
    3)每个运输阶段具有一个或多个相同的运输设备,由于运输空间限制,每个运输阶段通常具有一个运输设备;
    4)制造过程考虑n个作业和在m个加工阶段处理,在(m+1)个运输阶段运输;
    5)每台制造设备一次只能处理一个作业;
    6)每台运输设备一次只能运输一个作业;
    7)每个工件每次只能有一台制造设备或一台运输设备处理;
    8)加工阶段主要由两种类型组成:具有可变参数的连续加工、具有可变参数间歇式加工;
    9)在具有可变参数的连续加工阶段中,要求在该阶段即将完成加工时,存 在一个在定义域[c,d]内的可变参数,在调度计划中调整该参数,以保证多种混合加工零件能够合理安排;
    10)在具有可变参数间歇式加工阶段中,要求在该阶段完成加工时,通过调整下一阶段的运输前等待时间和加工前等待时间,以保证合理高效的排产调度,等待时间在定域内[0,+∞]调整。
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CN114066065A (zh) * 2021-11-18 2022-02-18 福州大学 一种多目标混合零空闲置换流水车间调度方法及系统

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