WO2021097934A1 - 一种泥石流防治系统 - Google Patents
一种泥石流防治系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021097934A1 WO2021097934A1 PCT/CN2019/123197 CN2019123197W WO2021097934A1 WO 2021097934 A1 WO2021097934 A1 WO 2021097934A1 CN 2019123197 W CN2019123197 W CN 2019123197W WO 2021097934 A1 WO2021097934 A1 WO 2021097934A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- debris flow
- debris
- sump
- cover plate
- drainage
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of geological disaster prevention and control, in particular to a debris flow prevention system.
- Debris flows are special torrents that carry a large amount of mud, sand, stones and other materials. They have the characteristics of sudden outbreak, fierce and powerful destructive power.
- the conditions for the formation of debris flow can be divided into: 1. Abundant water source; 2. Abundant loose solid matter; 3. Favorable watershed morphology and longitudinal slope of the gully bed.
- hydrodynamic conditions are factors that change with the environment, and loose solid matter and watershed conditions are relatively fixed factors. Therefore, in the formation process of the debris flow, the torrents will have strong scouring ability due to the carried debris, and more debris will be drawn into the erosion channel, so that the scale of the debris flow will gradually develop and grow.
- Debris flow includes formation area, circulation area and accumulation area. Debris flow prevention and control projects should be in the formation area and circulation area of the debris flow. Controlling the hydrodynamic conditions in the formation area and circulation area of the debris flow can effectively prevent the occurrence of debris flow disasters.
- the current debris flow control projects mainly include interception engineering, storage engineering, drainage engineering, slope protection engineering, etc., to control the occurrence and harm of debris flow.
- the use of water interception and other projects to control surface flood runoff and reduce hydrodynamic conditions requires favorable terrain conditions and is mainly suitable for the treatment of large-scale debris flow ditches. Retaining the solid matter of debris flow is an effective measure to reduce the hazards of debris flow. Build valleys, blocking dams, and ponds, reservoirs or depressions for debris flow to prevent loose solid materials from participating in the movement of debris flow. Depressions and gullies can also be used outside the scope of the protection zone. , Deserted beaches, lakes and marshes, or build dikes to introduce debris flow into the reservoir with a large enough volume so that it does not cause harm.
- Drainage engineering is the use of flood drainage, aqueduct and other projects to discharge debris flow and control the hazards of debris flow. Due to the strong intrusion ability of debris flow and abundant solid matter, the anti-erosion and anti-siltation ability of the drainage channel is very demanding.
- a mud-rock flow water-rock separation siphon drainage technology has been proposed.
- This technology arranges a series of permeable pipes in the valleys of the debris flow formation area or circulation area, and connects the siphon drainage pipe at the downstream end.
- the water infiltrated into the permeable pipe is drained into the downstream safety channel through the siphon drainage pipe to reduce the hydrodynamic strength of the channel;
- the application of the water-rock separation siphon drainage method for preventing and controlling debris flow in the ditch of the present invention can realize debris flow
- the effective control of the formation and circulation process solves the problem of governance of different scale debris flow ditches.
- the prevention and control project is easy to construct and has strong adaptability; siphon drainage transforms gravity flow into full pipe flow, improving drainage efficiency, and the suction effect of siphon can prevent pipes Siltation, diversion and drainage at high water levels have little impact on the hydrological environment of the valley.
- the present invention provides a debris flow prevention system and method, which can solve the problem of blockage of the perforated cover plate by the stones after the debris flow and water and rock are separated, and ensure that the debris flow and water and rock separation system can play a lasting and effective function.
- a debris flow prevention and control system includes a drainage system and a vibration system.
- the drainage system includes a collection basin, a perforated cover plate, and a drainage pipe.
- the collection basin is excavated in the debris flow channel.
- a perforated cover plate is arranged above the collection basin and one end of the drainage pipe.
- the other end of the drain pipe is set in the safe area of the debris flow channel outside the sump.
- the vibration system includes a rotating rod, a fixed shaft, a pedal, a support block, and a spring.
- the fixed shaft is fixed on the front wall of the sump, and the rotating rod Connected to the fixed shaft, one end of the rotating rod is connected to the support block, the support block is in contact with the perforated cover plate, the other end of the rotating rod is connected to the pedal, the rear end of the perforated cover plate is hinged with the back wall of the sump, and the perforated cover plate
- the front end is connected with the front wall of the sump through a spring, and the rotating rod and the drain pipe pass through the hole of the sump to keep the seal.
- one or more collecting basins are arranged in the same mud-rock flow channel where the slope rate of the debris flow channel changes from large to small.
- one or more drainage pipes are provided, and the pipe diameter is 200-500 mm.
- the depth of the sump is less than the height of the water column corresponding to the local atmospheric pressure where the debris flow occurs.
- the inclination angle between the perforated cover plate and the horizontal plane ranges from 15° to 45°.
- the length of the perforated cover plate is greater than the length of the collecting tank.
- the width of the collecting basin varies with the width of the debris flow channel.
- one or more springs are provided.
- a method for preventing and controlling debris flow which includes:
- the present invention can realize the effective control of the formation and circulation process of debris flow, solve the problem of governance of debris flow ditches of different scales; use water collection tanks and drainage pipes to realize the separation of soil, rock and water, weaken the hydrodynamic conditions of debris flow, and reduce the destructive power of debris flow .
- the drainage pipe of the present invention can trigger the siphon effect after the drainage is started.
- the siphon effect forms a full pipe flow and improves the drainage efficiency.
- the siphon effect has the effect of carrying sediment and dredging.
- the vibration system of the present invention uses the kinetic energy of the large rocks in the debris flow as power to continuously and effectively ensure the occurrence of vibration, thereby avoiding clogging of the cover plate, enabling the drainage system to function stably, and effectively preventing the debris flow.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when vibration occurs
- Figure 3 is a top view of the present invention.
- this embodiment provides a debris flow prevention and control system, including a drainage system and a vibration system.
- the drainage system includes a collection basin 2, a perforated cover plate 3, and a drainage pipe 4, which are located in the debris flow channel 1.
- Excavation of the water collection tank 2, a perforated cover plate 3 is set above the water collection tank 2, one end of the drainage pipe 4 extends into the water collection tank 2, and the other end of the drainage pipe 3 is set in the safe area of the debris flow channel 1 outside the water collection tank 2.
- the vibration system includes a rotating rod 5, a fixed shaft 6, a pedal 7, a supporting block 8, and a spring 11.
- the fixed shaft 6 is fixed on the front wall of the sump 2, the rotating rod 5 is connected to the fixed shaft 6, and one end of the rotating rod 5 is connected to the supporting block 8.
- the support block 8 is in contact with the perforated cover 3, the other end of the rotating rod 5 is connected to the pedal 7, the rear end of the perforated cover 3 is hinged to the back wall 2 of the water collecting tank, and the front end of the perforated cover 3 is connected to the water collecting tank 2
- the front wall is connected by a spring 11, and the rotating rod 5 and the drain pipe 4 pass through the hole of the sump 2 to keep it sealed.
- the sump 2 is excavated at the position where the slope of the debris flow channel 1 changes from large to small, and one or more sumps 2 are set in the same debris flow channel 1.
- One or more drainage pipes 4 are provided, and the pipe diameter is 200-500 mm.
- the depth of the sump 2 is less than the height of the water column corresponding to the local atmospheric pressure where the debris flow occurs.
- the inclination angle between the perforated cover plate 3 and the horizontal plane is in the range of 15° to 45°.
- the length of the perforated cover plate 3 is greater than the length of the collecting tank 2.
- the width of the collecting basin 2 varies with the width of the debris flow channel 1.
- One or more springs 11 are provided.
- the spring 11 pulls the perforated cover 3 back to its original position, and the process of the solid rock hitting the pedal 7 cyclically occurs, and the perforated cover 3 vibrates at the same frequency.
- the vibration of the perforated cover 3 causes the solid particles 9 with a particle size smaller than the aperture of the perforated cover 3 to be blocked on the perforated cover 3 to slide down into the collecting tank 2, so that the particle size stuck on the perforated cover 3 is larger than that of the belt.
- the solid particles 10 with the aperture of the hole cover plate are ejected from the hole cover plate 3 and roll down into the debris flow channel 1;
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Abstract
本发明提出一种泥石流防治系统及方法，可以解决泥石流水石分离后石块堵塞带孔盖板的问题，保证泥石流水石分离系统可以持久有效的发挥作用，包括排水系统、振动系统，排水系统包括集水池、带孔盖板、排水管，振动系统包括转动杆、固定轴、踏板、支撑块、弹簧。本发明可实现泥石流形成和流通过程的有效控制，解决不同规模泥石流沟的治理问题；利用集水池和排水管实现土石与水的分离，削弱泥石流的水动力条件，减小泥石流的破坏力。本发明的振动系统利用泥石流中的大石块的动能作为动力，可持续有效地保证振动发生，从而避免了盖板淤堵，使排水系统稳定发挥作用，有效防治泥石流。
Description
本发明涉及地质灾害防治领域，尤其涉及一种泥石流防治系统。
我国南方地区沟谷纵横，沟道两岸通常风化严重，表层岩体破碎，强降雨、地震等作用后，表层破碎的岩土会剥离山体，在沟道发生泥石流。如汶川地震发生之后，四川地区泥石流发生愈加频繁，泥石流对当地造成巨大的损失。
泥石流是携带大量泥砂、石块等物质的特殊洪流，具有暴发突然、来势凶猛、强大的破坏力的特点。
泥石流形成的条件可分为：1、充沛的水源；2、丰富的松散固体物质；3、有利的流域形态和沟床纵坡。泥石流成因要素中，水动力条件是随环境而变化的因素，松散固体物质和流域条件是相对固定的因素。所以在泥石流的形成过程中，会因携带的泥石而使洪流具有强大的冲刷能力，侵蚀沟道卷入更多的泥石，使泥石流的规模逐渐发展壮大。泥石流包括形成区、流通区和堆积区，泥石流防治工程宜在泥石流的形成区和流通区内。控制泥石流的形成区和流通区的水动力条件，可以有效防止泥石流灾害的发生。
目前的泥石流治理工程主要有截水工程、拦蓄工程、排导工程、护坡工程等，以控制泥石流的发生和造成危害。利用截水等工程控制地表洪水径流，削减水动力条件，需要有利的地形条件，主要适用于大型泥石流沟的治理。拦蓄泥石流固体物质是减少泥石流危害的有效措施，修建谷坊、拦挡坝，蓄泥石流的塘、库或洼地，使松散固体物质不参与泥石流运动，也可以在防护区的范围以外，利用洼地、沟壑、荒滩、湖沼或修建围堤，以足够大的容积将泥石流引入屯蓄起来，使之不产生危害。
拦蓄工程存在的主要问题是工程量大和使用的限制条件多。
排导工程是利用排洪道、渡槽等工程，排泄泥石流，控制泥石流的危害。由于泥石流的侵入能力强、固体物质丰富，排导槽抗冲刷和抗淤积能力要求很高。
除工程措施外，通过种植乔、灌木、草丛等植物，充分发挥其滞留降水、保持水土、调节径流等功能，从而达到预防和制止泥石流发生或减小其规模，减轻其危害程度的目的。生物措施的特点是投资省、能改善自然环境，但发挥效用的时间长，不能及时防治泥石流灾害发生。
随着技术发展，有提出泥石流水石分离虹吸排水技术，该技术在泥石流形成区或流通区的沟谷中布置一系列透水管，并在其下游端连接虹吸排水管，当降雨形成洪流的水面高程达到虹吸高程时，通过虹吸排水管把入渗到透水管内的水排泄到下游的安全沟道中，以降低沟道的水动力强度；应用本发明的沟内水石分离虹吸排水防治泥石流方法，可实现泥石流形成和流通过程的有效控制，解决不同规模泥石流沟的治理问题，防治工程施工简便、适应性强；虹吸排水将重力流转变为满管流，提高排水效率，虹吸产生的抽吸作用能防止管道淤积，高水位时分流排水对沟谷水文环境影响小。
随后，有学者又提出一套新型的水石分流系统，系统主要由倾斜盖板分流池和虹吸排水管组成，水石分流系统可以高效快速的排泄沟谷内的水体，消除超强水动力条件，对于抑制泥石流发生或减小其规模意义重大。然而，冲孔盖板的冲孔遇到粒径与孔径大小相似的石块易堵塞盖板，久而久之导致分流系统失效。
本发明提出一种泥石流防治系统及方法，可以解决泥石流水石分离后石块堵塞带孔盖板的问题，保证泥石流水石分离系统可以持久有效的发挥作用。
一种泥石流防治系统，包括排水系统、振动系统，排水系统包括集水池、带孔盖板、排水管，在泥石流沟道中开挖集水池，集水池的上方设置带孔盖板，排水管的一端伸入集水池内部，排水管的另一端设置在集水池外的泥石流沟道安全区域，振动系统包括转动杆、固定轴、踏板、支撑块、弹簧，固定轴固定在集水池前壁，转动杆与固定轴连接，转动杆的一端连接支撑块，支撑块与带孔盖板接触，转动杆的另一端连接踏板，带孔盖板的后端与集水池的后壁铰接，带孔盖板的前端与集水池的前壁通过弹簧连接，转动杆、排水管穿过集水池的孔洞保持密封。
进一步地，所述的集水池开挖在泥石流沟道坡率由大变小的位置，同一个泥石流沟道中设置一个或者多个集水池。
进一步地，所述的排水管设置一根或多根，管径为200~500mm。
进一步地，所述的集水池的深度小于泥石流发生地的当地大气压对应水柱高度。
进一步地，所述的带孔盖板与水平面的倾角范围在15°~45°。
进一步地，所述的带孔盖板的长度大于集水池的长度。
进一步地，所述的集水池的宽度随泥石流沟道宽度变化。
进一步地，所述的弹簧设置一个或多个。
一种泥石流防治方法，该方法包括：
（1）调查分析泥石流沟的水文地质与工程地质条件，确定泥石流的形成区、流通区与堆积区，把集水池设置在泥石流的形成区或流通区的坡率由大变小的位置，根据泥石流沟道地形特点确定集水池的长度和宽度，然后确定不产生泥石流的允许沟谷流量Q
1；
（2）统计泥石流沟流域面积，依据气象资料确定泥石流沟的洪峰流量Q
2，根据Q
p=Q
2-Q
1确定排水管总流量Q
p，再根据单根排水管的流量得到排水管的数量；
（3）泥石流发生后，泥石流流经集水池，部分的水、粒径小于带孔盖板孔径的固体颗粒进入集水池中，泥石流水动力条件削弱，泥石流破坏力减低，当集水池水位超过排水管的顶部，水压差触发排水作用发生，随着集水池水位下降，虹吸作用发生，虹吸作用的吸力可将集水池中的泥沙连同水一起排出至安全区域；
（4）带孔盖板上滚落下来的固体石块砸到踏板后，带动转动杆转动，转动杆带动支撑块滑移，支撑块带动带孔盖板向上移动，弹簧被拉伸；
（5）固体石块从踏板上滚落后，弹簧将带孔盖板拉回原处，固体石块砸到踏板的过程循环往复发生，带孔盖板发生相同频率的振动，带孔盖板的振动使淤堵在带孔盖板上的粒径小于带孔盖板孔径的固体颗粒滑落进入集水池，使卡在带孔盖板上的粒径大于带孔盖板孔径的固体颗粒弹出带孔盖板并滚落到泥石流沟道中；
（6）当一次泥石流结束后，修复带孔盖板、转动杆、踏板，清理集水池中的残留物质。
本发明的优点如下：
1、本发明可实现泥石流形成和流通过程的有效控制，解决不同规模泥石流沟的治理问题；利用集水池和排水管实现土石与水的分离，削弱泥石流的水动力条件，减小泥石流的破坏力。
2、本发明排水管启动排水后可触发虹吸作用，虹吸作用形成满管流，提高排水效率，同时虹吸作用具有携带泥沙清淤作用。
3、本发明的振动系统利用泥石流中的大石块的动能作为动力，可持续有效地保证振动发生，从而避免了盖板淤堵，使排水系统稳定发挥作用，有效防治泥石流。
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图；
图2是本发明振动发生时的结构示意图；
图3是本发明的俯视图；
图中，泥石流沟道1、集水池2、带孔盖板3、排水管4、转动杆5、固定轴6、踏板7、支撑块8、粒径小于带孔盖板孔径的固体颗粒9、粒径大于带孔盖板孔径的固体颗粒10、弹簧11。
如图1-3所示，本具体实施例提供了一种泥石流防治系统，包括排水系统、振动系统，排水系统包括集水池2、带孔盖板3、排水管4，在泥石流沟道1中开挖集水池2，集水池2的上方设置带孔盖板3，排水管4的一端伸入集水池2内部，排水管3的另一端设置在集水池2外的泥石流沟道1安全区域，振动系统包括转动杆5、固定轴6、踏板7、支撑块8、弹簧11，固定轴6固定在集水池2前壁，转动杆5与固定轴6连接，转动杆5的一端连接支撑块8，支撑块8与带孔盖板3接触，转动杆5的另一端连接踏板7，带孔盖板3的后端与集水池的后壁2铰接，带孔盖板3的前端与集水池2的前壁通过弹簧11连接，转动杆5、排水管4穿过集水池2的孔洞保持密封。集水池2开挖在泥石流沟道1坡率由大变小的位置，同一个泥石流沟道1中设置一个或者多个集水池2。所述的排水管4设置一根或多根，管径为200~500mm。所述的集水池2的深度小于泥石流发生地的当地大气压对应水柱高度。所述的带孔盖板3与水平面的倾角范围在15°~45°。所述的带孔盖板3的长度大于集水池2的长度。所述的集水池2的宽度随泥石流沟道1宽度变化。所述的弹簧11设置一个或多个。
实施步骤方法如下：
（1）调查分析泥石流沟的水文地质与工程地质条件，确定泥石流的形成区、流通区与堆积区，把集水池2设置在泥石流的形成区或流通区的坡率由大变小的位置，根据泥石流沟道1地形特点确定集水池2的长度和宽度，然后确定不产生泥石流的允许沟谷流量Q
1；
（2）统计泥石流沟流域面积，依据气象资料确定泥石流沟的洪峰流量Q
2，根据Q
p=Q
2-Q
1确定排水管4总流量Q
p，再根据单根排水管4的流量得到排水管4的数量；
（3）泥石流发生后，泥石流流经集水池2，部分的水、粒径小于带孔盖板孔径的固体颗粒9进入集水池2中，泥石流水动力条件削弱，泥石流破坏力减低，当集水池2水位超过排水管4的顶部，水压差触发排水作用发生，随着集水池水位下降，虹吸作用发生，虹吸作用的吸力可将集水池中的泥沙连同水一起排出至安全区域；
（4）带孔盖板3上滚落下来的固体石块砸到踏板7后，带动转动杆5转动，转动杆5带动支撑块8滑移，支撑块8带动带孔盖板3向上移动，弹簧被11拉伸；
（5）固体石块从踏板7上滚落后，弹簧11将带孔盖板3拉回原处，固体石块砸到踏板7的过程循环往复发生，带孔盖板3发生相同频率的振动，带孔盖板3的振动使淤堵在带孔盖板3上的粒径小于带孔盖板孔径的固体颗粒9滑落进入集水池2，使卡在带孔盖板3上的粒径大于带孔盖板孔径的固体颗粒10弹出带孔盖板3并滚落到泥石流沟道1中；
（6）当一次泥石流结束后，修复带孔盖板3、转动杆5、踏板7，清理集水池中的残留物质。
Claims (8)
- 一种泥石流防治系统,其特征在于，包括排水系统、振动系统，排水系统包括集水池、带孔盖板、排水管，在泥石流沟道中开挖集水池，集水池的上方设置带孔盖板，排水管的一端伸入集水池内部，排水管的另一端设置在集水池外的泥石流沟道安全区域，振动系统包括转动杆、固定轴、踏板、支撑块、弹簧，固定轴固定在集水池前壁，转动杆与固定轴连接，转动杆的一端连接支撑块，支撑块与带孔盖板接触，转动杆的另一端连接踏板，带孔盖板的后端与集水池的后壁铰接，带孔盖板的前端与集水池的前壁通过弹簧连接，转动杆、排水管穿过集水池的孔洞保持密封。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种泥石流防治系统,其特征在于，所述的集水池开挖在泥石流沟道坡率由大变小的位置，同一个泥石流沟道中设置一个或者多个集水池。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种泥石流防治系统,其特征在于，所述的排水管设置一根或多根，管径为200-500mm。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种泥石流防治系统,其特征在于，所述的集水池的深度小于泥石流发生地的当地大气压对应水柱高度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种泥石流防治系统,其特征在于，所述的带孔盖板与水平面的倾角范围在15°-45°。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种泥石流防治系统,其特征在于，所述的带孔盖板的长度大于集水池的长度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种泥石流防治系统,其特征在于，所述的集水池的宽度随泥石流沟道宽度变化。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种泥石流防治系统,其特征在于，所述的弹簧设置一个或多个。
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| CN113951059A (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-01-21 | 江西农业大学 | 一种植被护坡水土保持装置 |
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| CN112813922B (zh) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-05-17 | 西南科技大学 | 一种主-被动泥石流水石分离-消能减灾装置 |
| CN113323140B (zh) * | 2021-07-14 | 2022-03-01 | 西南石油大学 | 山区建筑防御高位滑坡碎屑流掩埋结构及其应用方法 |
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