201016930 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種河川整治之方法，更詳而言之係指 一種利用興建具有保護橋墩、堤防之攔沙壩來達成兼具保 護橋徵、堤防及形成砂石採集特定區域之河川整治方法。 【先前技術】 按’當跪風或豪雨來襲’常於短時間内降下巨額之雨 量’導致河川水量變大而水位上升，使得建造於此等河川 ❹上之橋樑基樁裸露或堤防被加以淘空，而有發生斷橋、、貴 堤…等意外事故。然而’目前針對基樁裸露所作之保護= 施，僅在於對基樁本身所作之結構補強，但此種方式之^ 效不彰，仍易有發生斷橋之危機。 有鑑於上述之斷橋危機，究其原因乃因橋襟基捲裸露 及淘空所致，而基樁裸露及淘空之主因便在於砂石業者係 於河川上游開採砂石，導致河川無法將足夠的砂石量沖刷 至中、下游’使得中、下游河床高度持續下降，再加上河 川流水之長年沖刷，使縣深植於河床下的橋樑基捲露出 或被水流沖刷而掏空’進而形成有斷橋危機之危橋。但， 由於砂石對河川深㈣㈣，如砂石過少會使河床下降， 造成河狀設施毁損（如斷橋），而砂石過 水减或改變河道，不定點的疏浚也魏 成^ 告、發包、監料料繁複的行政料，^里^ 及堤防，㈣齡騎解兼聽護橋樑 就以最近9 7年辛樂克越風為例，造成六座斷橋，而 201016930 后豐大橋斷橋，改建費用高達1 2 · 9億元，據公路總局 發佈新聞稿，還有4 〇座危橋，未來五年重建或改建經費 高達約118億元。 如第一圖所示，現有作為保護橋樑及堤防之方法，主 要係於一橋樑1下游位置設置一攔砂壩2，以適度沉積砂 石而避免河床流失，但此種攔砂壩2之高度不高甚至低於 水面高度，不僅無法保持適當之砂石，一但河川水量增加 時極易漫過該攔砂壩2，使得此種攔砂壩2對保持砂石之 〇 作用不大。再者，當砂石漫過該攔砂壩2時，攔砂壩2本 身極易被漫過之砂石加以破壞，以致攔砂壩2受損；因 此’上述之攔砂壩2對於保護橋墩及堤防之功效不彰，且 有著使用壽命不長之缺失。況且，由於上述之攔砂壩2並 無法有效地保持砂石，導致砂石開採無一固定區域，不僅 無法有效地管理砂石業者，更使砂石業者易有随處過量盜 採砂石之情形，導致政府單方支出整治河川，長期一直改 建或重建橋樑，卻又無法從砂石開採獲取利益之缺失。 © 【發明内容】 有鑑於此，本發明之主要目的乃在於提供一種兼具保 護橋墩、堤防及形成砂石採集特定區域之河川整治方法， 係利用興建一具有保護橋墩、堤防之攔沙壩來達成保護橋 墩及堤防。 本發明之另一目的乃在於提供一種兼具保護橋墩、堤 防及形成砂石採集特定區域之河川整治方法’係利用興建 一具有保護橋墩、堤防之攔壩來形成砂石採集特定區域， 簡化政府管理，除去以往很多的砂石流弊。 201016930 緣此，本發明乃提供一種兼具保護橋墩、堤防及形成 砂石採集特定區域之河川整治方法，係於橋樑之下游位置 設置一攔砂壩，其中： 該攔砂壩之頂面係高出橋樑需要保護橋墩的岩盤或 堤防基礎平面以上，洪流時不致沖刷、淘空該岩盤或該基 礎，不會水溢橋面或堤防，且該攔砂壩之頂面凹設有一預 定深度之開口，以供該攔砂壩上游位置之水流可由該開口 流入於下游位置’並於該攔砂壩之下游位置設置有多數具 有一定重量、體積之消波塊； ® 戒於該攔砂壩於預定位置處設有多數連通上、下游之 涵洞，ϋ於涵洞朝下游之開口連接有多數中空而具一預定 長度之管道，以供該攔砂壩上游位置之水流可由該等涵洞 及管道流入於下游位置； 另，本發明的攔砂壩和一般的攔砂壩，主要差異在其 壩體的結構的不同，若該攔砂壩，·因橋柱較短或堤防較 低，辣該壩無法建高，或該建壩成本也較高時，可於壩内 加挖河床成儲砂槽，可形足夠存量的砂石採集特定區，採 ❹集砂石出售而有收益，區内砂石不多時常成水庫，並達成 保護橋澈或堤防長期目標。因此實施本發明的攔砂壩，將 可以自行還本獲利又具公益的營利事業。 为，若該攔砂壩，因橋柱較短或堤防較低，致該塌無 法建高，或該建壩成本也較高時，可以在橋樑上游或離堤 防基礎之安全區域，挖深河床，必要時週邊加固，成為儲 砂槽，用以儲存更多的砂石。而此儲砂槽因位於水庫内， 並不會影響上游的水流，也就不會影響上游河床的沖刷， 卻町更充份的預防砂石流出壩外’沖刷下游河床。 201016930 【實施方式】 為使貴審查委員能對本發明之特徵與特點有更進 一步之了解與認同，茲列舉以下較佳實施例並配合圖式說 明如下： 請參閱第二圖’係本發明第一較佳實施例所提供一種 兼具保護橋墩、堤防及形成砂石採集特定區域之河川整治 方法，其中： 於一橋樑1 0 0下游適當位置處，設置一攔砂樓1 0，該攔砂壩1〇具備一定之高度，其高度經過計算係較 現有橋壞岩盤1〇1水平面至少高出1〜6公尺，方便挖 土機一次作業的高度，且遇洪流時不會水溢橋面。 該攔砂壩10於其頂面預定位置處設有一預定深度 之開口 1 1 ’以供該攔砂樓1 0上游位置之水流可由該開 口 1 1流入於下游位置。並於該棚妙樓1 q之下游位置設 置多數具有一定重量、體積之消波塊1 2，尤Jt於岑關口 ”之下游位置設置更多數之消波塊12，== 2呈沿水流方向縱向排列。將消波塊丄2沿水流方向縱向 排列係在於避免因河床過於陡峭時無法有效防止 情形，並進而防止該攔砂〇有被淘空之疑慮。 是以’藉由上述於橋樑i 〇 〇下游位置設置棚砂塌工 0 ’於河川水量正常時，其河川之水流可由該開口工工加 以導引至下游’且利用與該開口 ！ i對應之下游位置所設 =二塊1 2，可適當抵消水流之沖刷力量，以保護攔 /壩1 0之基礎設施，而延長該攔砂壩i 〇之使用壽命。 1者’該攔義i 〇可形成—水庫，當滿水位時可把 要保濩之橋墩級防底部加瞒沒，t_川上游部位之 201016930 砂石必須保持不挖，而沉積於該攔妙壩1 0所形成之採集 砂石特定區域内之砂石則可挖掘外速，在雨季時可以沉積 砂石，減少砂石流向下游，墊高下游的河床（穩定下游河 床），不僅具有採集砂石之效益，更能同時保護橋墩及堤 防，亦不會造成下游河床淤積更不會引響上游河道之穩 定。 如此一來，於橋樑1 〇 0之附近便不會形成激流，當 然就不會造成淘空或被沖刷之疑慮，便能具有穩定河床、201016930 VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a method for remediation of rivers, and more particularly to a method for constructing a bridge with a protective pier and a dike to achieve a protection bridge sign. Dikes and river formation methods for the formation of specific areas of sand and gravel. [Prior Art] According to 'when the hurricane or heavy rain hits 'the amount of rain that is often reduced in a short time', the water volume of the river becomes larger and the water level rises, so that the bridge piles exposed or embankments built on these rivers are added. The sky was emptied, and there were accidents such as broken bridges and expensive embankments. However, the protection currently applied to the bare piles of the piles is only to strengthen the structure of the piles themselves. However, the effectiveness of this method is still inconsistency, and it is still easy to have a crisis of broken bridges. In view of the above-mentioned broken bridge crisis, the reason is due to the bare foundation and the scouring of the bridge foundation. The main reason for the bare piles and the scouring is that the sand and gravel industry is mining sand and gravel in the upper reaches of the river, which makes the river unable to Sufficient amount of sand and gravel flushed to the middle and lower reaches', so that the height of the riverbed in the middle and lower reaches continues to drop, coupled with the long-term erosion of rivers and rivers, so that the bridge foundations deep under the riverbed are exposed or hollowed out by the water flow. Formed a dangerous bridge with a broken bridge. However, because the sandstone is deep on the river (4) (4), if the sandstone is too small, the riverbed will fall, causing damage to the river-like facilities (such as broken bridges), while the gravel will reduce or change the river channel, and the dredging of the fixed point will also be Wei Cheng. The administrative materials for the delivery of the package and the complicated materials, ^li^ and the embankment, (4) the age-riding and listening bridges, taking the case of the Xinleke Yuefeng in the last 17 years as an example, resulting in six broken bridges, while the 201016930 Houfeng Bridge was broken. The cost of reconstruction of the bridge is as high as 1.25 billion yuan. According to the press release issued by the General Administration of Highways, there are also four bridges, and the funds for reconstruction or reconstruction in the next five years will be as high as about 11.8 billion yuan. As shown in the first figure, the existing method for protecting bridges and dikes is mainly to set up a sand dam 2 at the downstream of a bridge 1 to moderately deposit sand and gravel to avoid river bed loss, but the height of such sand dam 2 Not high or even lower than the water surface height, not only can not maintain the appropriate sand and gravel, but when the river water volume increases, it is easy to flow over the sand dam 2, so that the sand dam 2 has little effect on keeping the sandstone. Furthermore, when the sandstone passes over the sand dam 2, the sand dam 2 itself is easily destroyed by the sand that has passed through it, so that the sand dam 2 is damaged; therefore, the above-mentioned sand dam 2 protects the pier And the effect of the dike is not obvious, and there is a lack of longevity. Moreover, since the above-mentioned sand dam 2 cannot effectively maintain the sand and gravel, there is no fixed area for sand and gravel mining, which not only cannot effectively manage the sand and gravel industry, but also makes it easier for the sand and gravel industry to sneak out the sand and gravel everywhere. In this case, the government has unilaterally spent rectifying the rivers and has been rebuilding or rebuilding bridges for a long time, but it has not been able to obtain the benefits from sand and gravel mining. © In view of the above, the main object of the present invention is to provide a river remediation method that combines protection of piers, dikes and formation of specific areas for sand and gravel collection, and utilizes a sand bar with protective piers and dikes. Achieve protection piers and dikes. Another object of the present invention is to provide a river treatment method that combines protection of piers, dikes, and formation of specific areas for sand and gravel collection by utilizing the construction of a dam with protective piers and dikes to form a specific area for sand and gravel collection, simplifying the government Management, removing a lot of sand and graves from the past. Therefore, the present invention provides a river repairing method which has both a protective pier, a levee and a specific area for collecting sand and gravel, and is provided with a sand dam at a position downstream of the bridge, wherein: the top surface of the sand dam is high The bridge needs to protect the rock bed or the embankment foundation plane of the pier. When the flood is torrent, the rock disk or the foundation will not be washed, the water will overflow the bridge deck or the embankment, and the top surface of the sand bar is concave with a predetermined depth. , the water flow in the upstream position of the sand dam may flow into the downstream position from the opening' and a plurality of dampers having a certain weight and volume are disposed at a position downstream of the dam; ® quit the sand dam at the scheduled A plurality of culverts connecting the upper and lower sides are arranged at the position, and a plurality of hollow pipes having a predetermined length are connected to the opening of the culvert toward the downstream, so that the water flow upstream of the sand dam can flow downstream from the culverts and pipes Location; In addition, the main difference between the sand dam of the present invention and the general sand dam is the difference in the structure of the dam body. If the sand dam is used, the bridge column is shorter or the dyke is more Low, spicy, the dam can not be built high, or the cost of the dam is also high, the river bed can be dug into the sand storage tank in the dam, and the sandstone can be shaped to collect a specific area, and the collected sandstone is sold. Revenue, the sandstone in the area is not often a reservoir, and the long-term goal of protecting the bridge or the embankment is reached. Therefore, the sand dam that implements the present invention will be able to repay the profit-making business that is profitable and public. Therefore, if the sand dam is short because the bridge column is short or the dyke is low, the collapse cannot be built high, or the cost of the dam is also high, the deep river bed can be dug in the upper part of the bridge or in the safe area of the levee foundation. If necessary, the surrounding area is reinforced and becomes a sand storage tank for storing more sand and gravel. Because the sand storage tank is located in the reservoir, it will not affect the upstream water flow, and will not affect the erosion of the upstream riverbed, but the town will be more adequate to prevent the sand and gravel from flowing out of the dam and scouring the downstream riverbed. 201016930 [Embodiment] In order to enable the reviewing committee to have a better understanding and recognition of the features and features of the present invention, the following preferred embodiments are illustrated and described below with reference to the drawings: The preferred embodiment provides a river remediation method which has both a protection pier, a dike and a specific area for sand and gravel collection, wherein: a sand trap 10 is arranged at a suitable position downstream of a bridge 100, the sand dam 1〇 has a certain height, its height is calculated by the calculation system is at least 1~6 meters higher than the 1桥1 level of the existing bridge bad rock plate, which is convenient for the height of one operation of the excavator, and will not overflow the bridge surface when it encounters flood. The sand dam 10 is provided with a predetermined depth opening 1 1 ' at a predetermined position on the top surface thereof for the water flow at the upstream position of the sand trap 10 to flow from the opening 1 1 to the downstream position. And at the downstream position of the shed tower, 1 q, the majority of the wave-blocking block with a certain weight and volume is set. In the lower part of the J t ” 设置 设置 设置 设置 更多 更多 更多 更多 更多 更多 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游 下游The direction is arranged longitudinally. The longitudinal arrangement of the wave-eliminating block 丄2 in the direction of the water flow is to avoid the situation that the river bed is too steep to prevent the situation, and to prevent the sand trap from being emptied. i 〇〇The downstream position is set to shed sand collapse 0 'When the river water volume is normal, the river water flow can be guided to the downstream by the opening worker' and the downstream position corresponding to the opening! i is set = two blocks 1 2, can properly offset the scouring power of the water flow to protect the infrastructure of the dam/dam 10, and extend the service life of the dam dam. 1 'The block i i can form a reservoir, when the water level is full The bottom of the bridge pier to be protected can be annihilated, and the 201016930 sandstone in the upstream part of t_chuan must be kept without digging, and the sandstone deposited in the specific area of the sandstone formed by the block of the dam is 10 Can excavate the external speed, can sink in the rainy season The accumulation of sand and gravel, reducing the flow of sand and gravel to the downstream, and the river bed downstream (stabilizing the downstream riverbed), not only has the benefit of collecting sand and gravel, but also protects the pier and the embankment at the same time, and does not cause the siltation of the downstream riverbed to cause the upstream. The stability of the river. As a result, there will be no rapids near the bridge 1 ,0. Of course, there will be no doubts about the emptying or scouring, and it will have a stable riverbed.
❹ 保護橋墩或堤防並兼具於特定區域採集砂石之功效；當 然，如該攔砂壩1 0位於都會區或具觀光效益之地區時， 亦可配合作為划船休閒觀光建設，使增加投資興建攔砂壩 1 0之經濟效益。 另外’由於搁砂壤10之高度高於河川之水面高度， 因此由上游所沖刷而下之砂石，會被該攔砂壞i 0所阻播 而沉積’並可於攔砂_ i Q之上游位置形成—集水區，而 可避免橋樑之基樁祿露或堤防被淘空。如此-來，於攔砂 壞1〇之上游位置便自然形成—砂石採集特m 便=控=度開採砂石，而由於該攔砂壩ι〇高出於河 ί::、室：此開採砂石所需之大型機具13 (如挖 面位置以便於開採，更直接躲於攔砂壩10之項 庫時能緊綠料^可於攔砂壩1G上狀砂石積滿水 之消波塊工2 ’可利心圖赵上；位於攔砂襟10下游仅置 與攔砂壩！ ◦勾接121加以相互勾接或 消波塊i 2之設置“避流沖走或移位’並可維持 ▲態’如此會形成保護該攔砂壩1〇的 201016930 斜坡，可用以阻抗沖蝕，並使該攔砂壩1 0下游附近不致 被淘空，進而保護該攔砂壩1 0之結構安全。 請參閱第四圖，係本發明第二較佳實施例所提供一種 兼具保護橋墩、堤防及形成砂石採集特定區域之河川整治 方法，其中： 於一橋樑100下游適當位置處，設置一攔砂壩2 0，該攔砂壩2 0具備一定之高度，其高度經過計算係現 有橋澈岩盤1 0 1水平面至少高出1〜6公尺，方便挖土 機一次作業的高度，且洪流時不會水溢橋面及堤防。 ® 該攔砂壩2 0於預定位置處設有多數連通上、下游之 涵洞2 1，且該涵洞2 1相距預定間距，並於該等涵洞2 1朝下游之開口連接有多數中空之管道2 2，以將攔砂壩 2 0上游之水流導引至下游河道，且由於該等管道2 2皆 具有一定之長度，因此可避免由管道2 2流出之水流沖刷 該攔砂壩2 0之基礎，以增加攔砂壩2 0之使用壽命。 另外，由於攔砂壩2 0之高度高於河川之水面高度， 因此由上游所沖刷而下之砂石，會被該攔砂壩2 0所阻擋 ® 而沉積。如此一來，於攔砂壩2 0之上游位置便自然形成 一砂石採集特定區域，以能便於監控地適度開採砂石，而 由於該攔砂壩2 0之高度高出於河川水面之高度，因此開 採砂石所需之大型機具24(如挖土機、砂石搬運車輛… 等）亦可行駛於攔砂壩2 0之頂面位置，以便於開採。 再者，亦可於該攔砂壩2 0上設置多數之水道閘門2 3，供上游水量暴增時，可同時開啟該等閘門2 3達到輔 助宣浪上游水量之功效。 另，若該攔砂壩，因橋柱較短或堤防較低，致該壩無 201016930 法建尚建太高成本也較高時，可以在橋樑上游或 離徒防基狀安全輯，魏河床，—固，成為儲 槽，可用續存更多的砂石，而欲_此區砂^時，則可 以泵浦加以抽取。 ❿ 、是以，上述即為本發明所提供兼具保護橋墩、堤防及 形成$石採集特定區域之河川整治方法，利用興建攔砂壩 以穩定河床、保護橋墩、使河道定形化、更無河床過高要 疏淡’並可於特定區域沉積砂石作為適度之採集使用，使 砂石來源安定而無超挖之餘害，況且該攔砂壩具備導引水 流之功能而可避免水流破壞攔砂塌本身，以延長攔砂壩之 使用哥命。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係習知一種攔砂壩之設置示意圖》 第二圖係本發明第一較佳實施例之設置示意圖。 第二圖係第二圖所示之局部構件示意圖。 第四圖係本發明第二較佳實施例之設置示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 「習知」 橋樑1 攔砂壩2 「本發明」 「第一較佳實施例」 橋樑1 0 〇 攔砂壩1 〇 開口 1 1 消波塊1 2 勾壞1 2 1 大型機具1 201016930 「第二較佳實施例」 橋樑1 0 0 攔砂壩2 0 管道2 2 大型機具2 4 橋墩岩盤101 涵洞2 1 水道閘門2 3❹ Protecting piers or dikes and combining sand and gravel in specific areas; of course, if the sand trap 10 is located in the metropolitan area or in areas with tourism benefits, it can also be used as a rowing leisure sightseeing construction to increase investment and construction. The economic benefit of the sand dam 10 . In addition, because the height of the sand 10 is higher than the height of the river, the sand that is washed by the upstream will be blocked by the sand barrier and can be deposited. The upstream location forms a catchment area, and the foundation pile of the bridge or the embankment can be avoided. So - come, naturally formed in the upstream position of the sand barrier 1 - sand and gravel collection m = control = degree mining sand, and because the sand dam is high out of the river ί::, room: this The large-scale machine 13 required for the mining of sand and gravel (such as the location of the excavation surface for mining, and more directly hiding from the column of the sand-blocking dam 10 can be tightly greened) can be used to eliminate the water on the 1G of the sand-blocking dam. Block 2 '可可心图赵上; located in the downstream of the sand trap 10 is only placed with the sand dam! ◦ hooked 121 to hook each other or the block of the wave block i 2 "avoiding away or shifting" and The ▲ state can be maintained. This will form a 201016930 slope that protects the sand dam. It can be used for impedance erosion, and the vicinity of the downstream of the sand dam 10 will not be emptied, thus protecting the structure of the sand dam. Please refer to the fourth figure, which is a second embodiment of the present invention, which provides a river treatment method for protecting a bridge pier, a levee and a specific area for collecting sand and gravel, wherein: a suitable position downstream of a bridge 100 is provided. A sand dam 2 0, the sand dam 20 has a certain height, and its height is calculated through the existing bridge The rock plate 1 0 1 level is at least 1~6 meters higher, which is convenient for the height of one operation of the excavator, and does not overflow the bridge deck and the embankment during the flood. ® The sand bar 20 has a majority connection at the predetermined position. The upper and lower culverts 2 1, and the culverts 2 1 are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, and a plurality of hollow pipes 2 2 are connected to the downstream openings of the culverts 2 1 to guide the water flow upstream of the sand blocking dam 20 to The downstream river channel, and because the pipes 22 have a certain length, the water flowing out of the pipe 2 2 can be avoided to wash the foundation of the sand dam 20 to increase the service life of the sand dam 20 . The height of the sand dam 20 is higher than the height of the river, so the sand washed by the upstream will be deposited by the blocking dam of the sand dam. Thus, the sand dam is 20 The upstream location naturally forms a specific area for sand and gravel collection, so that the sandstone can be properly mined for monitoring. Since the height of the sand dam is higher than the height of the river surface, the large tools required for sand mining are required. (such as excavators, gravel handling vehicles, etc.) It is located at the top position of the sand dam 20 to facilitate mining. Furthermore, a majority of the water gates 2 3 can be installed on the sand dam 20 for the simultaneous opening of the gates 2 for the upstream water surge. 3 to achieve the effect of assisting the water volume in the upper reaches of the Xuanlang. In addition, if the sand dam is short due to the short column or the lower dyke, the dam is not available in 201016930. If the cost is too high, it can be upstream or The detachment prevention base security series, Weihe bed, solid, become a storage tank, can be used to renew more sand, and if you want to use this area, you can pump it for extraction. ❿ The invention provides a river treatment method for protecting a bridge pier, a levee and forming a specific area for collecting stones, and constructing a sand dam to stabilize the river bed, protect the pier, shape the river, and have no riverbed too high to be thinned. Sand and gravel can be deposited in a specific area as a moderate collection, so that the source of sand and gravel can be stabilized without over-excavation. Moreover, the sand-blocking dam has the function of guiding the water flow to avoid the water flow destroying the sand-splitting itself, so as to extend the barrier. The use of sand dams. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The first figure is a schematic view of the arrangement of a sand dam. The second figure is a schematic view of the arrangement of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention. The second figure is a schematic view of the partial components shown in the second figure. The fourth figure is a schematic view of the arrangement of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention. [Explanation of main component symbols] "Knowledge" Bridge 1 Sand dam 2 "Invention" "First preferred embodiment" Bridge 1 0 〇 Sand dam 1 〇 Opening 1 1 Wave eliminator 1 2 Hook 1 2 1 Large machine 1 201016930 "Second preferred embodiment" Bridge 1 0 0 Sand dam 2 0 Pipe 2 2 Large machine 2 4 Pier pier rock 101 Culvert 2 1 Water gate 2 3
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