CN107816050B - Concrete cofferdam and earth-rock cofferdam combined cofferdam and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Concrete cofferdam and earth-rock cofferdam combined cofferdam and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107816050B CN107816050B CN201711288950.9A CN201711288950A CN107816050B CN 107816050 B CN107816050 B CN 107816050B CN 201711288950 A CN201711288950 A CN 201711288950A CN 107816050 B CN107816050 B CN 107816050B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/02—Restraining of open water
- E02D19/04—Restraining of open water by coffer-dams, e.g. made of sheet piles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
- E02B3/106—Temporary dykes
- E02B3/108—Temporary dykes with a filling, e.g. filled by water or sand
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined cofferdam of a concrete cofferdam and an earth and rockfill cofferdam, which comprises a longitudinal concrete cofferdam arranged in a river channel and two transverse earth and rockfill cofferdams respectively arranged between the two ends of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam and a river bank. The transverse earth-rock cofferdam in the combined cofferdam has stable structure and strong rain wash resistance, and can avoid the loss of self earth-rock to pollute water and a foundation pit. The invention also discloses a construction method of the combined cofferdam, which comprises the following steps: step one, building a temporary cofferdam; step two, building a longitudinal concrete cofferdam; and step three, building a transverse earth-rock cofferdam. According to the construction method, when the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is built, the rockfill is built firstly, and then the inner rockfill and the outer rockfill are built, so that the problem that a large amount of falling earth stones enter a water body and a foundation pit to cause later-stage water pollution in the building process of the inner rockfill and the outer rockfill is avoided, a bottom plugging structure and a vertical waterproof structure are directly built at one time, and the construction efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering construction, and particularly relates to a concrete cofferdam and earth-rock cofferdam combined cofferdam and a construction method thereof.
Background
The earth-rock cofferdam is a cofferdam formed by building a weir with earth and rock. The earth-rock cofferdam can be combined with a closure dike, can utilize excavation to discard slag, can directly utilize main engineering excavation and shipping equipment to carry out mechanized rapid construction, and is the most widely applied cofferdam form in China. However, the earth-rock cofferdam has lower anti-scouring capability and large floor area, and is generally used for a transverse cofferdam. The concrete cofferdam is commonly used in the hydro-junction engineering constructed by the rock foundation soil, and has the characteristics of high water retaining head, small bottom width, high impact resistance and capability of overflowing the top of the cofferdam, particularly in the diversion construction of a segmented cofferdam method, the longitudinal cofferdam poured by the concrete can retain water on two sides, and can be combined with a permanent building to be used as a dam body or a part of a lock chamber body, but the cost of the concrete cofferdam is high. Therefore, a combined cofferdam combining the concrete cofferdam and the earth-rock cofferdam appears, wherein the concrete cofferdam in the combined cofferdam is used as a longitudinal cofferdam, and the earth-rock cofferdam is used as a transverse cofferdam.
The construction method aiming at the combined cofferdam in the prior art has the following defects:
1. when the earth rock cofferdam body in the combined cofferdam is filled, a large amount of earth rock materials roll off to cause later-stage water pollution.
2. The vertical waterproof structure of the earth-rock cofferdam in the combined cofferdam is built by adopting a construction method of building from bottom to top section by section, earth and rocks are required to be filled on two sides of the section of vertical waterproof structure when each section of vertical waterproof structure is built, the next section of vertical waterproof structure can be built only after the earth and rocks are filled to the height of the section of vertical waterproof structure, and the construction method has the problems of low construction speed and inconvenient construction.
The combined cofferdam structure in the prior art has the following defects:
1. the upstream side water scouring resistance of the earth-rock cofferdam in the combined cofferdam is weak.
2. The side slope of the earth-rock cofferdam in the combined cofferdam is washed by rainwater and water flow to cause muddy water pollution to a construction foundation pit and a water body.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a combined cofferdam of a concrete cofferdam and an earth-rock cofferdam aiming at the defects in the prior art, the upstream face of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is provided with a gabion protective face and a stone protective face layer, so that the water scouring resistance of the upstream face of the earth-rock cofferdam is improved, muddy water pollution to a water body caused by rainwater and water scouring is avoided, turf is laid on the slope of the inner pile body of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam, so that a foundation pit is prevented from being polluted by muddy water caused by rainwater and water scouring, and the slope toe of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is reinforced by arranging the rockfill body at the slope toe of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam, so that the soil and rock loss at the slope toe of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is avoided, and the stability of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is improved. The invention also provides a construction method of the combined cofferdam, which comprises the steps of constructing the rockfill firstly and then constructing the inner rockfill and the outer rockfill when the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is constructed, so that the problem that a large amount of rockfill enters a water body and a foundation pit to cause later water pollution in the construction process of the inner rockfill and the outer rockfill is avoided, and the construction efficiency is improved by directly constructing the bottom plugging structure and the vertical waterproof structure at one time and then performing weir filling of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a concrete cofferdam and earth-rock cofferdam combination cofferdam which characterized in that: the river course construction system comprises a longitudinal concrete cofferdam and two transverse earth and rockfill cofferdams, wherein the longitudinal concrete cofferdam is arranged in the river course, the two transverse earth and rockfill cofferdams are respectively arranged between the two ends of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam and the river course, the longitudinal concrete cofferdam is parallel to the river course, and the transverse earth and rockfill cofferdams are vertical to the river course; the transverse earth rock cofferdam comprises a bottom plugging structure, a vertical waterproof structure and a weir body which are embedded in a riverbed; the bottom plugging structure and the vertical waterproof structure are uniformly distributed between the end part of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam and the river bank and are perpendicular to the longitudinal concrete cofferdam, the vertical waterproof structure is vertically arranged above the bottom plugging structure, the lower part of the vertical waterproof structure extends into the bottom plugging structure, and the weir body comprises an inner pile body and an outer pile body which are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the vertical waterproof structure; the inner pile body and the outer pile body are both earth-rock pile bodies; the upper surface of the soil and stone heaps is a slope surface which is gradually inclined outwards from top to bottom, and the height of the vertical waterproof structure is not less than that of the soil and stone heaps;
rockfill bodies are uniformly distributed at the slope toe of the rockfill body slope and consist of vertical reinforcement cages and stones filled in the vertical reinforcement cages, and the vertical reinforcement cages are arranged between the end parts of the longitudinal concrete cofferdams and the river banks and are perpendicular to the longitudinal concrete cofferdams;
the slope surface of the outer pile body is a water-facing surface, the lower part of the slope surface of the outer pile body is provided with a gabion protective surface, and the height of the gabion protective surface is not less than the normal water level of a river in the river channel; the gabion protective surface consists of an oblique steel reinforcement cage arranged along the slope surface of the outer pile body and stones filled in the oblique steel reinforcement cage, and the top of the vertical steel reinforcement cage is connected with the bottom of the oblique steel reinforcement cage;
a stone protective layer is arranged above the gabion protective surface and along the slope surface of the outer stacking body, and consists of a plurality of protective stone blocks paved on the slope surface of the outer stacking body;
and turf covers the gaps between the two adjacent facing stone blocks and the slope surface of the inner pile body.
The combined cofferdam of the concrete cofferdam and the earth-rock cofferdam is characterized in that: the vertical waterproof structure comprises a geomembrane which is vertically arranged and a protective device for protecting the geomembrane; the protective device comprises two rows of upright rods distributed on two sides of the geomembrane, protective plates are uniformly distributed between each row of upright rods and the geomembrane, and the two protective plates are clamped on two sides of the geomembrane and tightly clamped between the two rows of upright rods; the size of the surface of the guard plate is not smaller than that of the geomembrane; the lower parts of the vertical rods, the guard plates and the geomembrane all extend into the bottom plugging structure.
The combined cofferdam of the concrete cofferdam and the earth-rock cofferdam is characterized in that: the bottom plugging structure comprises two anti-seepage walls which are arranged on two sides of a vertical waterproof structure and embedded into the riverbed, a plurality of stone slabs are arranged in rows on the outer side of each anti-seepage wall along the length direction of the anti-seepage wall, the stone slabs are all arranged in parallel with the anti-seepage walls, and a dry clay layer is arranged between the outer sides of the stone slabs on the outer side of the same anti-seepage wall and the riverbed.
The combined cofferdam of the concrete cofferdam and the earth-rock cofferdam is characterized in that: the soil-rock pile body comprises a clay layer and a soil-rock layer, the clay layer is arranged on the side face of the vertical waterproof structure, the soil-rock layer is arranged on the outer side of the clay layer, a reverse filtering layer is arranged between the clay layer and the soil-rock layer, and the middle of the vertical rod is embedded in the clay layer.
The combined cofferdam of the concrete cofferdam and the earth-rock cofferdam is characterized in that: vertical grooves are formed in the two end faces of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam along the vertical direction, and the front edges of the geomembrane and the two guard plates are embedded into the vertical grooves.
The invention also provides a construction method of the combined cofferdam, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, building a temporary cofferdam: constructing a temporary cofferdam along the outer side of the construction position of the constructed combined cofferdam, and pumping water on the inner side of the temporary cofferdam;
step two, building a longitudinal concrete cofferdam: constructing a longitudinal concrete cofferdam according to a conventional concrete cofferdam construction method;
step three, constructing a transverse earth-rock cofferdam: building one transverse earth-rock cofferdam between each of the two ends of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam and the river bank; each transverse earth-rock cofferdam construction comprises the following steps:
step 301, measurement and paying-off: measuring and lofting an outline outer line, an outline inner line and a cofferdam central line of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam on the river bed in the temporary cofferdam according to a design drawing of the constructed transverse earth-rock cofferdam, wherein the cofferdam central line is positioned between the outline outer line and the outline inner line, and the distance between the outline outer line and the cofferdam central line is the same as the distance between the outline inner line and the cofferdam central line;
step 302, constructing a bottom plugging structure and a vertical waterproof structure: excavating a water intercepting groove along the center line of the cofferdam, and building a bottom plugging structure in the water intercepting groove; building a vertical waterproof structure along a vertical plane where the center line of the cofferdam is located;
step 303, building a rock-fill body: building a rock-fill body along the inner side of the outline outer line and the inner side of the outline inner line;
step 304, weir body filling: building an inner pile body and an outer pile body on the inner side and the outer side of the vertical waterproof structure respectively;
step 305, constructing the facing side slope gabion facing: building a gabion protective surface on the lower part of the slope surface of the outer pile body;
step 306, building an ecological protection structure: and paving stones along the slope surface of the outer pile body above the stone cage protecting surface to form a stone protecting surface layer, and paving turf between gaps of the stones in the stone protecting surface layer and the slope surface of the inner pile body.
The construction method of the combined cofferdam is characterized by comprising the following steps: in step 302, the bottom blocking structure comprises two impervious walls which are arranged at two sides of a vertical waterproof structure and embedded in the riverbed, the outer side of each impervious wall is provided with a plurality of stone slabs which are arranged in rows along the length direction of the impervious wall, the stone slabs are all arranged in parallel with the impervious wall, and a dry clay layer is arranged between the outer sides of the stone slabs on the outer side of the same impervious wall and the riverbed;
the construction of the bottom plugging structure comprises the following steps:
step 3021, arranging a plurality of stone slabs from back to front along the side wall of the water intercepting tank, and filling dry clay in a gap between every two adjacent stone slabs from front to back; a gap of 0.5-0.7 m is reserved between each stone slab and the side wall of the water intercepting groove;
step 3022, filling dry clay between each stone slab and the side wall of the cut-off water tank to form a dry clay layer
Step 3023, constructing a vertical waterproof structure along the center line of the cofferdam, wherein the bottom of the vertical waterproof structure is arranged at the bottom of the water intercepting tank;
and step 3024, pouring concrete between the vertical waterproof structure and each stone slab, forming two impervious walls after the concrete is finally set, and pouring the front ends of the impervious walls and the longitudinal concrete cofferdam into a whole.
The construction method of the combined cofferdam is characterized in that: the riverbed where the constructed transverse earth-rock cofferdam is located is a karst landform riverbed, and when the cut-off trough is excavated in the step 302, firstly, the riverbed bedrock is broken through a breaking hammer, and then, crushed materials formed by breaking the riverbed bedrock are excavated through an excavator, so that the cut-off trough is formed.
The construction method of the combined cofferdam is characterized in that: in the second step, vertical grooves are formed in the middle of two end faces of the built longitudinal concrete cofferdam along the vertical direction; in step 302, the vertical waterproof structure comprises a geomembrane which is vertically arranged and a protection device for protecting the geomembrane; the protective device comprises two rows of upright rods which are distributed on two sides of the geomembrane, guard plates are uniformly distributed between each row of upright rods and the geomembrane, and the two guard plates are clamped on two sides of the geomembrane and are tightly clamped between the two rows of upright rods; the size of the surface of the guard plate is not smaller than that of the geomembrane; the lower parts of the vertical rods, the guard plates and the geomembrane extend into the bottom plugging structure; in step 302, when a vertical waterproof structure is constructed, the front edges of the geomembrane and the two guard plates are embedded in the vertical groove.
The construction method of the combined cofferdam is characterized in that: the step 303 of building the rockfill includes the following steps:
step 3031: carrying out rock-throwing and silt-squeezing construction on a rock-fill construction area to form a foundation built by the rock-fill;
step 3032: and binding the vertical reinforcement cage on the foundation constructed in the step 3031, and filling stones into the vertical reinforcement cage to form a rockfill body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the stone cage protective surface and the stone protective surface layer are arranged on the upstream surface of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam, so that the water flow scouring resistance of the upstream surface of the earth-rock cofferdam is improved, and the muddy water pollution caused by rainwater and water scouring is avoided.
2. The turf is laid on the slope surface of the inner pile body of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam, so that the problem that the inner pile body is washed by rainwater and water flow to pollute the foundation pit with muddy water is avoided.
3. According to the invention, the rock-fill body is arranged at the slope toe of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam, so that the slope toe of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is reinforced, the earth-rock loss at the slope toe of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is avoided, and the stability of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is improved.
4. When the transverse earth and rock cofferdam is built, the rockfill is built firstly, and then the inner rockfill and the outer rockfill are built, so that the later water pollution caused by a large amount of fallen earth and rock entering a water body and a foundation pit in the building process of the inner rockfill and the outer rockfill is avoided.
5. When the transverse earth rock cofferdam is built, the bottom plugging structure and the vertical waterproof structure are directly built at one time, and then the weir body is filled, so that the construction efficiency is improved.
In summary, in the combined cofferdam of the invention, the upstream face of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is provided with the gabion protective face and the stone protective face layer, so that the water scouring resistance of the upstream face of the earth-rock cofferdam is improved, muddy water pollution caused by the upstream face of the earth-rock cofferdam washed by rainwater and water is avoided, a turf is laid on the inner pile slope of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam, so that a foundation pit polluted by muddy water caused by the inner pile slope washed by rainwater and water is avoided, the slope foot of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is reinforced by arranging the rockfill at the slope foot of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam, so that the earth-rock loss at the slope foot of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is avoided, and the stability of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is improved. According to the combined cofferdam construction method, when the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is built, the rockfill is built firstly, and then the inner rockfill and the outer rockfill are built, so that the problem that a large amount of fallen earth-rock materials enter a water body and a foundation pit to cause later-stage water pollution in the building process of the inner rockfill and the outer rockfill is avoided, when the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is built, the bottom plugging structure and the vertical waterproof structure are directly built at one time, and then the weir body of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is filled, so that the construction efficiency is improved.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the combined cofferdam of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of fig. 2 at a.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the geomembrane and the guard plate embedded in the longitudinal concrete cofferdam according to the present invention.
Figure 5 is a schematic view of the arrangement position of the vertical rod in the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a stone protective layer according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the construction method of the combined cofferdam of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a layout of the outer contour line, the inner contour line and the center line of the cofferdam before the construction of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1, temporary cofferdam; 2-outline; 3-contour internal line;
4-cofferdam midline; 5, a diaphragm wall; 6-rockfill;
7, a vertical waterproof structure; 7-1-geomembrane; 7-2-guard board;
8-inner pile body; 9-outer pile body; 10-clay layer;
11-an inverted filter layer; 12-a terra-cotta layer; 13-stone slab;
14-a dry clay layer; 15-erecting a rod; 16-gabion facing;
17-stone protective layer; 18-longitudinal concrete cofferdam; 19-turf.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a combined cofferdam of a concrete cofferdam and an earth-rock cofferdam comprises a longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18 arranged in a river course and two transverse earth-rock cofferdams respectively arranged between two ends of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18 and the river bank, wherein the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18 is parallel to the river course, and the transverse earth-rock cofferdams are perpendicular to the river course;
as shown in fig. 2, the horizontal earth rock cofferdam comprises a bottom plugging structure embedded in the river bed, a vertical waterproof structure 7 and a weir body; the bottom plugging structure and the vertical waterproof structure 7 are uniformly distributed between the end part of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18 and the river bank and are perpendicular to the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18, the vertical waterproof structure 7 is vertically arranged above the bottom plugging structure, the lower part of the vertical waterproof structure 7 extends into the bottom plugging structure, and the weir body comprises an inner pile body 8 and an outer pile body 9 which are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the vertical waterproof structure 7; the inner pile body 8 and the outer pile body 9 are both earth and rock pile bodies; the upper surface of the soil and stone heaps is a slope which is gradually inclined outwards from top to bottom, and the height of the vertical waterproof structure 7 is not less than that of the soil and stone heaps;
it should be noted that the bottom blocking structure and the vertical waterproof structure 7 form the waterproof structure of the horizontal earth-rock cofferdam, and the vertical waterproof structure 7 is clamped in the middle by the inner pile body 8 and the outer pile body 9, so that the stability of the vertical waterproof structure 7 is ensured. The bottom plugging structure, the vertical waterproof structure 7 and the weir body cooperate to effectively ensure the water retaining effect of the whole transverse earth-rock cofferdam;
as shown in fig. 2, rockfill bodies 6 are uniformly distributed at the toe of the slope of the rockfill body, each rockfill body 6 is composed of a vertical reinforcement cage and stones filled in the vertical reinforcement cage, and the vertical reinforcement cage is arranged between the end of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18 and the river bank and is perpendicular to the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18;
the cross section of the rockfill 6 is a trapezoidal section; because soil at the slope toe of the soil-rock pile is easy to lose, the vertical reinforcement cage and the stones filled in the vertical reinforcement cage are utilized to form the rock pile 6 for protecting the slope toe of the soil-rock pile, so that the loss of the soil can be effectively reduced; the vertical steel reinforcement cage tightly hoops the stone block firmly, so that the stone block is difficult to move, and the stability of the rockfill body 6 is guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 2, the slope surface of the outer pile 9 is an upstream surface, a gabion protective surface 16 is arranged at the lower part of the slope surface of the outer pile 9, and the height of the gabion protective surface 16 is not less than the normal water level of a river in the river channel; the gabion protective surface 16 consists of an oblique steel reinforcement cage arranged along the slope surface of the outer pile body 9 and stones filled in the oblique steel reinforcement cage, and the top of the vertical steel reinforcement cage is connected with the bottom of the oblique steel reinforcement cage;
the inclined reinforcement cage firmly hoops the stones in the inclined reinforcement cage, so that the stones are difficult to move, and the stones cannot run off along with water flow when being washed by the water flow; the lower part of the slope surface of the outer pile body 9 is provided with the gabion protective surface 16, so that water flow cannot directly wash the outer pile body 9, and the gabion protective surface 16 is firmly compacted on the slope surface of the outer pile body 9 by self weight, so that the water flow washing resistance of the slope surface of the outer pile body 9 is greatly improved;
as shown in fig. 2, a stone facing layer 17 is arranged above the gabion facing 16 and along the slope of the outer pile 9, and the stone facing layer 17 is composed of a plurality of facing stones laid on the slope of the outer pile 9;
it should be noted that the stone protective layer 17 prevents external factors such as rain wind from directly acting on the slope surface of the outer heap body 9, and a plurality of protective stones of the stone protective layer 17 compact the soil mass of the slope surface of the outer heap body 9, so that the capability of resisting rain erosion of the slope surface of the outer heap body 9 is greatly improved;
as shown in fig. 2 and 6, turf 19 covers the gaps between two adjacent facing stones and the slope surface of the inner pile body 8; at adjacent two the turf 19 that covers between the gap of armor stone can prevent that soil erosion and water loss from causing the armor stone rolls off, and the turf 19 that covers can air-purifying, can improve job site's air quality.
It should be noted that the upstream face of the outer pile 9 is provided with the gabion protective face 16 and the stone protective face layer 17, so that the upstream face water scouring resistance is improved, the problem that muddy water pollutes a water body due to the fact that soil stones of the outer pile 9 are washed by rainwater and water is avoided, turf 19 is laid on the slope surface of the inner pile 8, the problem that soil stones of the inner pile 8 are washed by rainwater and water to cause muddy water pollution to a foundation pit in the combined cofferdam is avoided, slope toe is reinforced by arranging the pile body 6 at the slope toe of the outer pile 9 and the inner pile 8, the soil stones at the slope toe of the outer pile 9 and the inner pile 8 are prevented from being lost, and the stability of the transverse soil-stone cofferdam is improved.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the vertical waterproof structure 7 includes a geomembrane 7-1 vertically arranged and a protective device for protecting the geomembrane 7-1; the protective device comprises two rows of upright rods 15 arranged on two sides of the geomembrane 7-1, a protective plate 7-2 is uniformly arranged between each row of upright rods 15 and the geomembrane 7-1, and the two protective plates 7-2 are clamped on two sides of the geomembrane 7-1 and tightly clamped between the two rows of upright rods 15; the size of the surface of the guard plate 7-2 is not smaller than that of the geomembrane 7-1; the lower parts of the vertical rods 15, the guard plates 7-2 and the geomembrane 7-1 extend into the bottom plugging structure.
It should be noted that the geomembrane 7-1 can be kept in a vertical state by arranging the two rows of upright rods 15 and the two guard plates 7-2, and the two guard plates 7-2 protect the geomembrane 7-1, so that the soil bodies of the outer pile body 9 and the inner pile body 8 are prevented from directly contacting the geomembrane 7-1, and the geomembrane 7-1 is prevented from being bitten by insects in the soil body or hard particles in the soil body cushion the geomembrane 7-1, and finally the waterproof failure of the geomembrane 7-1 is caused.
As shown in fig. 3, the bottom blocking structure includes two anti-seepage walls 5 arranged on two sides of the vertical waterproof structure 7 and embedded in the river bed, a plurality of stone slabs 13 are arranged in rows on the outer side of each anti-seepage wall 5 along the length direction of the anti-seepage wall 5, the plurality of stone slabs 13 are all arranged in parallel with the anti-seepage wall 5, and a dry clay layer 14 is arranged between the outer side of the plurality of stone slabs 13 on the outer side of the same anti-seepage wall 5 and the river bed.
It should be noted that the impervious walls 5 are concrete walls, the lower ends of the two rows of upright stanchions 15 are respectively inserted into the two impervious walls 5, and the lower parts of the two guard boards 7-2 and the geomembrane 7-1 are clamped between the two impervious walls 5; through with the lower part of vertical waterproof construction 7 stretches into to in the bottom block structure, not only realized vertical waterproof construction 7 with bottom block structure carries out waterproof work in coordination, utilizes moreover bottom block structure has fixed vertical waterproof construction 7, has improved vertical waterproof construction 7's stability.
As shown in fig. 2, the earth-rock pile comprises a clay layer 10 arranged on the side of the vertical waterproof structure 7 and an earth-rock layer 12 arranged outside the clay layer 10, a reversed filter layer 11 is arranged between the clay layer 10 and the earth-rock layer 12, and the middle part of the vertical rod 15 is embedded in the clay layer 10.
It should be noted that the middle part of the upright rod 15 is embedded in the clay layer 10, and the upright rod 15 plays a role in anchoring the soil body of the clay layer 10, so that the stability of the weir body is improved.
As shown in fig. 4, vertical grooves are formed in both end faces of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18 in the vertical direction, and the front edges of the geomembrane 7-1 and the two guard plates 7-2 are embedded in the vertical grooves.
It should be noted that by embedding the front edges of the geomembrane 7-1 and the two guard plates 7-2 in the vertical grooves, water seepage at the joints of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18 and the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is prevented.
As shown in fig. 7, the construction method of the combined cofferdam includes the following steps:
step one, building a temporary cofferdam: as shown in fig. 8, constructing a temporary cofferdam 1 along the outer side of the construction position of the constructed combined cofferdam, and pumping water on the inner side of the temporary cofferdam 1;
constructing a temporary cofferdam 1 according to a conventional temporary cofferdam construction method, wherein the temporary cofferdam 1 can be a steel sheet pile cofferdam or a water retaining structure formed by riprap;
step two, building a longitudinal concrete cofferdam: constructing a longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18 according to a conventional concrete cofferdam construction method; and a vertical groove is arranged in the middle of two end surfaces of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18 along the vertical direction
Step three, constructing a transverse earth-rock cofferdam: building one transverse earth-rock cofferdam between the two ends of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18 and the river bank; each transverse earth-rock cofferdam construction comprises the following steps:
step 301, measurement and paying-off: as shown in fig. 8, according to the design drawing of the constructed transverse earth-rock cofferdam, measuring and lofting an outline external line 2, an outline internal line 3 and a cofferdam central line 4 of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam on the river bed in the temporary cofferdam 1, wherein the cofferdam central line 4 is positioned between the outline external line 2 and the outline internal line 3, and the distance between the outline external line 2 and the cofferdam central line 4 is the same as the distance between the outline internal line 3 and the cofferdam central line 4;
step 302, constructing a bottom plugging structure and a vertical waterproof structure: excavating a water intercepting groove along the center line 4 of the cofferdam, and building a bottom plugging structure in the water intercepting groove; building a vertical waterproof structure 7 along a vertical plane where the center line 4 of the cofferdam is located;
step 303, building a rock-fill body: building a rock-fill body 6 along the inner side of the outline outer line 2 and the inner side of the outline inner line 3;
step 304, weir body filling: building an inner pile body 8 and an outer pile body 9 on the inner side and the outer side of the vertical waterproof structure 7 respectively;
step 305, constructing the facing side slope gabion facing: building a gabion protective surface 16 on the lower part of the slope surface of the outer pile body 9;
step 306, building an ecological protection structure: stones are paved along the slope surface of the outer pile body 9 above the gabion protective surface 16 to form a stone protective surface layer 17, and then turf 19 is paved among gaps of the stones in the stone protective surface layer 17 and on the slope surface of the inner pile body 8.
It should be noted that, when the transverse earth and rockfill cofferdam is constructed, the rockfill 6 is constructed firstly, then the inner rockfill 8 and the outer rockfill 9 are constructed, a large amount of rock materials falling off in the construction process of the inner rockfill 8 and the outer rockfill 9 are blocked by the rockfill 6, so that the later water pollution caused by the fact that the large amount of rock materials falling off enter a water body and a foundation pit is prevented, when the transverse earth and rockfill cofferdam is constructed, the bottom plugging structure and the vertical waterproof structure 7 are directly constructed once, then the weir body filling of the transverse earth and rockfill cofferdam is carried out, and the construction efficiency is improved. After 7 building completions at vertical waterproof construction, build simultaneously in 7 both sides of vertical waterproof construction the soil and rock heap body makes the soil and rock heap body can be enough directly from the completion of filling upwards from the following, need not stop midway, improvement efficiency of construction that can be very big.
In this embodiment, the bottom block structure includes the following steps:
step 3021, arranging a plurality of stone slabs 13 along the side wall of the water intercepting tank from back to front, and filling dry clay in the gap between two adjacent stone slabs 13 in front and back; a gap of 0.5-0.7 m is reserved between each stone plate 13 and the side wall of the water intercepting groove;
step 3022, filling dry clay between each stone slab 13 and the side wall of the water intercepting groove to form a dry clay layer 14
Step 3023, constructing a vertical waterproof structure 7 along a vertical plane where the center line 4 of the cofferdam is located, wherein the bottom of the vertical waterproof structure 7 is arranged at the bottom of the water intercepting groove;
constructing the vertical waterproof structure 7 comprises the following steps:
step A, as shown in fig. 5, a row of upright rods 15 are vertically arranged along two sides of the center line 4 of the cofferdam respectively, the bottoms of the upright rods 15 are positioned at the bottom of the intercepting trough, and the bottoms of the upright rods 15 can also be inserted into the soil body at the bottom of the intercepting trough;
step B, inserting the geomembrane 7-1 and the two guard plates 7-2 between the two rows of upright rods 15, and embedding the front edges of the geomembrane 7-1 and the two guard plates 7-2 into vertical grooves formed in the end face of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18; the geomembrane 7-1 is clamped between the two guard plates 7-2 in advance;
step 3024, pouring concrete between the two guard plates 7-2 and each stone slab 13, forming two impervious walls 5 after the concrete is finally set, pouring the front ends of the impervious walls 5 and the longitudinal concrete cofferdam 18 into a whole, and pouring the lower parts of the two rows of upright posts 15 into the two impervious walls 5 respectively.
It should be noted that, by constructing a plurality of stone slabs 13 and dry clay layers 14 first, the sludge on the river bed is prevented from flowing into the cut-off water tank, and the problems of concrete pollution and instability of the bottom of the poured cut-off wall 5 during later pouring of the cut-off wall 5 are avoided. The lower part of the vertical waterproof structure 7 can be firmly fixed by the two impervious walls 5 by constructing the vertical waterproof structure 7 and then pouring the two impervious walls 5.
It should be noted that by arranging the two rows of upright rods 15 and the two guard plates 7-2, the geomembrane 7-1 can keep a vertical state, so that the vertical waterproof structure 7 is not required to be constructed section by section along with the filling of the weir body, the vertical waterproof structure 7 can be directly constructed before the weir body is filled, the filling of the weir body is not influenced by the construction progress of the vertical waterproof structure 7, the filling of the weir body can be completed at one time, and the construction efficiency is effectively improved.
In this embodiment, the river bed where the constructed transverse earth-rock cofferdam is located is a karst landform river bed, and when the cut-off tank is excavated in step 302, firstly, bed bedrock is broken by the breaking hammer, and then, crushed aggregates formed by breaking the bed bedrock by the breaking hammer are excavated by the excavator, so that the cut-off tank is formed.
The cut-off channel is formed after the method that the river bed bedrock is broken by the breaking hammer and the crushed aggregates formed by breaking the river bed bedrock by the breaking hammer are dug out by the digging machine, so that disturbance to the river bed rock mass can be reduced.
In this embodiment, the step 303 of building the rockfill 6 includes the following steps:
step 3031: carrying out stone throwing and silt squeezing construction on the construction area of the rockfill body 6 to form a rockfill body 6 construction foundation;
step 3032: and binding the vertical reinforcement cage on the foundation constructed in the step 3031, and filling stones into the vertical reinforcement cage to form a rockfill body 6.
It should be noted that, by performing the construction of stone throwing and silt squeezing, the stones compact the river bed to form the rock-fill 6 to construct the foundation, so that the stability of the constructed rock-fill 6 is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A construction method of a concrete cofferdam and an earth-rock cofferdam combination cofferdam comprises a longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18) arranged in a river channel and two transverse earth-rock cofferdams respectively arranged between two ends of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18) and a river bank, wherein the longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18) is parallel to the river channel, and the transverse earth-rock cofferdam is vertical to the river channel; the transverse earth rock cofferdam comprises a bottom plugging structure, a vertical waterproof structure (7) and a weir body which are embedded in a riverbed; the bottom plugging structure and the vertical waterproof structure (7) are uniformly distributed between the end part of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18) and a river bank and are perpendicular to the longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18), the vertical waterproof structure (7) is vertically arranged above the bottom plugging structure, the lower part of the vertical waterproof structure (7) extends into the bottom plugging structure, and the weir body comprises an inner heap body (8) and an outer heap body (9) which are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the vertical waterproof structure (7); the inner pile body (8) and the outer pile body (9) are both earth and stone pile bodies; the upper surface of the soil and stone heaps is a slope surface which is gradually inclined outwards from top to bottom, and the height of the vertical waterproof structure (7) is not less than that of the soil and stone heaps;
rockfill bodies (6) are uniformly distributed at the slope toe of the rockfill pile slope, each rockfill body (6) consists of a vertical steel reinforcement cage and stones filled in the vertical steel reinforcement cage, and the vertical steel reinforcement cages are distributed between the end part of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18) and the river bank and are perpendicular to the longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18);
the slope surface of the outer pile body (9) is an upstream surface, the lower part of the slope surface of the outer pile body (9) is provided with a gabion protective surface (16), and the height of the gabion protective surface (16) is not less than the normal water level of a river in the river channel; the gabion protective surface (16) consists of an oblique steel reinforcement cage arranged along the slope surface of the outer pile body (9) and stones filled in the oblique steel reinforcement cage, and the top of the vertical steel reinforcement cage is connected with the bottom of the oblique steel reinforcement cage;
a stone protective layer (17) is arranged above the gabion protective surface (16) and along the slope surface of the outer stacking body (9), and the stone protective layer (17) consists of a plurality of protective stone blocks paved on the slope surface of the outer stacking body (9);
turf (19) covers the gaps between two adjacent facing stones and the slope surface of the inner pile body (8);
the vertical waterproof structure (7) comprises a geomembrane (7-1) which is vertically arranged and a protection device for protecting the geomembrane (7-1); the protective device comprises two rows of upright rods (15) arranged on two sides of the geomembrane (7-1), protective plates (7-2) are uniformly distributed between each row of upright rods (15) and the geomembrane (7-1), and the two protective plates (7-2) are clamped on two sides of the geomembrane (7-1) and tightly clamped between the two rows of upright rods (15); the size of the plate surface of the guard plate (7-2) is not smaller than that of the geomembrane (7-1); the lower parts of the vertical rods (15), the guard plates (7-2) and the geomembranes (7-1) all extend into the bottom plugging structure;
the bottom plugging structure comprises two impervious walls (5) which are arranged on two sides of a vertical waterproof structure (7) and embedded into the riverbed, the outer side of each impervious wall (5) is provided with a plurality of stone slabs (13) which are arranged in rows along the length direction of the impervious wall (5), the stone slabs (13) are all arranged in parallel with the impervious wall (5), and a dry clay layer (14) is arranged between the outer side of the stone slabs (13) on the outer side of the same impervious wall (5) and the riverbed;
the soil-rock pile comprises a clay layer (10) arranged on the side face of the vertical waterproof structure (7) and a soil-rock layer (12) arranged on the outer side of the clay layer (10), a reverse filtering layer (11) is arranged between the clay layer (10) and the soil-rock layer (12), and the middle part of the vertical rod (15) is embedded in the clay layer (10);
the construction method comprises the following steps:
step one, building a temporary cofferdam: constructing a temporary cofferdam (1) along the outer side of the construction position of the constructed combined cofferdam, and draining water on the inner side of the temporary cofferdam (1);
step two, building a longitudinal concrete cofferdam: building a longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18) according to a conventional concrete cofferdam building method;
step three, constructing a transverse earth-rock cofferdam: building one transverse earth-rock cofferdam between each end of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18) and the river bank; each transverse earth-rock cofferdam construction comprises the following steps:
step 301, measurement and paying off: according to a design drawing of a constructed transverse earth-rock cofferdam, measuring and lofting an outline outer line (2), an outline inner line (3) and a cofferdam central line (4) of the transverse earth-rock cofferdam on a river bed in the temporary cofferdam (1), wherein the cofferdam central line (4) is positioned between the outline outer line (2) and the outline inner line (3), and the distance between the outline outer line (2) and the cofferdam central line (4) is the same as the distance between the outline inner line (3) and the cofferdam central line (4);
step 302, constructing a bottom plugging structure and a vertical waterproof structure: excavating a water intercepting groove along the center line (4) of the cofferdam, and building a bottom plugging structure in the water intercepting groove; building a vertical waterproof structure (7) along a vertical plane where the center line (4) of the cofferdam is located;
step 303, building a rock-fill body: building a rock-fill body (6) along the inner side of the outline outer line (2) and the inner side of the outline inner line (3);
step 304, weir body filling: building an inner pile body (8) and an outer pile body (9) on the inner side and the outer side of the vertical waterproof structure (7) respectively;
step 305, constructing the facing side slope gabion facing: building a gabion protective surface (16) on the lower part of the slope surface of the outer pile body (9);
step 306, building an ecological protection structure: paving stones above the gabion protective surface (16) along the slope surface of the outer pile body (9) to form a stone protective surface layer (17), and paving turf (19) between gaps of the stones in the stone protective surface layer (17) and on the slope surface of the inner pile body (8);
in step 302, the bottom plugging structure comprises two impervious walls (5) which are arranged at two sides of a vertical waterproof structure (7) and embedded in the riverbed, the outer side of each impervious wall (5) is provided with a plurality of stone slabs (13) which are arranged in rows along the length direction of the impervious wall (5), the stone slabs (13) are all arranged in parallel with the impervious wall (5), and a dry clay layer (14) is arranged between the outer side of the stone slabs (13) on the outer side of the same impervious wall (5) and the riverbed;
the construction of the bottom plugging structure comprises the following steps:
step 3021, arranging a plurality of stone slabs (13) from back to front along the side wall of the water intercepting tank, and filling dry clay in the gap between two adjacent stone slabs (13); a gap of 0.5-0.7 m is reserved between each stone plate (13) and the side wall of the water intercepting groove;
step 3022, filling dry clay between each stone plate (13) and the side wall of the intercepting basin to form a dry clay layer (14)
Step 3023, constructing a vertical waterproof structure (7) along the center line (4) of the cofferdam, wherein the bottom of the vertical waterproof structure (7) is arranged at the bottom of the water intercepting tank;
step 3024, pouring concrete between the vertical waterproof structure (7) and each stone slab (13), forming two impervious walls (5) after the concrete is finally set, and pouring the front ends of the impervious walls (5) and the longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18) into a whole;
in the second step, vertical grooves are formed in the middle of two end faces of the built longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18) along the vertical direction; in step 302, the vertical waterproof structure (7) comprises a geomembrane (7-1) which is vertically arranged and a protection device for protecting the geomembrane (7-1); the protective device comprises two rows of upright rods (15) distributed on two sides of the geomembrane (7-1), wherein a protective plate (7-2) is uniformly distributed between each row of upright rods (15) and the geomembrane (7-1), and the two protective plates (7-2) are clamped on two sides of the geomembrane (7-1) and clamped between the two rows of upright rods (15); the size of the surface of the guard plate (7-2) is not smaller than that of the geomembrane (7-1); the lower parts of the vertical rods (15), the guard plate (7-2) and the geomembrane (7-1) all extend into the bottom plugging structure; in step 302, when a vertical waterproof structure (7) is built, the front edges of the geomembrane (7-1) and the two guard plates (7-2) are embedded into the vertical grooves.
2. The construction method of the combined cofferdam of concrete cofferdam and earth-rock cofferdam as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: vertical grooves are formed in the two end faces of the longitudinal concrete cofferdam (18) in the vertical direction, and the front edges of the geomembrane (7-1) and the two guard plates (7-2) are embedded in the vertical grooves.
3. The construction method of the combined cofferdam of concrete cofferdam and earth-rock cofferdam as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) when the river bed where the constructed transverse earth-rock cofferdam is located is a karst landform river bed, in the step 302, when the intercepting tank is excavated, firstly breaking the bed bedrock through a breaking hammer, and then excavating crushed materials formed by breaking the bed bedrock through the breaking hammer through an excavator to form the intercepting tank.
4. The construction method of the combined cofferdam of concrete cofferdam and earth-rock cofferdam as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: the step 303 of building the rockfill (6) comprises the following steps:
step 3031: carrying out stone throwing and silt squeezing construction on the construction area of the rockfill body (6) to form a foundation built by the rockfill body (6);
step 3032: and binding the vertical reinforcement cage on the foundation constructed in the step 3031, and filling stones into the vertical reinforcement cage to form a rockfill body (6).
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| CN110258469B (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2024-07-16 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Comprehensive field leveling system for hydropower engineering construction in mountain gorge region |
| CN111926838B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2024-04-26 | 河南传衡建设工程有限公司 | River channel multi-span joint arch slope supporting corridor type rapid dismounting combined cofferdam |
| CN115450236A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-09 | 中国葛洲坝集团国际工程有限公司 | Cofferdam anti-seepage structure and construction method thereof |
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