WO2021095440A1 - アルケン検知ガスセンサ、及び、それを用いたシステム - Google Patents
アルケン検知ガスセンサ、及び、それを用いたシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021095440A1 WO2021095440A1 PCT/JP2020/039138 JP2020039138W WO2021095440A1 WO 2021095440 A1 WO2021095440 A1 WO 2021095440A1 JP 2020039138 W JP2020039138 W JP 2020039138W WO 2021095440 A1 WO2021095440 A1 WO 2021095440A1
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- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
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- B01J23/22—Vanadium
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- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/125—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer
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- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
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- C01B2202/22—Electronic properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alkene detection gas sensor that detects alkene gas and a system using the alkene detection gas sensor.
- Alkene is a general term for chemical substances that have a carbon-carbon double bond. Alkenes are raw materials for synthesizing various chemical substances (eg polyethylene, ethanol) and are used on a large scale industrially.
- Ethylene the simplest alkene, functions as a plant hormone and promotes the ripening of fruits and vegetables, so it is used for ripening.
- excess ethylene released from fruits and vegetables promotes putrefaction, so it is desirable to appropriately control the concentration of ethylene contained in the atmosphere in the storage and distribution of fruits and vegetables.
- Methods for measuring ethylene concentration include detector tubes and gas chromatography, but there are problems with repeated measurement and miniaturization.
- small sensors that detect ethylene gas electrochemically for example, Sensor XS EC Organic Vapors 68 09 115 manufactured by Drager
- are commercially available but when the specifications are scrutinized, organic chemical vapors other than ethylene are used. Many respond, and there is a problem in selectively detecting alkenes (particularly ethylene).
- the ethylene concentration used for ripening is about 4 to 20 ppm for potatoes, 300 to 1000 ppm for bananas, and 10 ppm for kiwifruit, and any small ethylene sensor that can detect these concentrations repeatedly can be applied. High in sex.
- Patent Document 1 a sensor for detecting ethylene gas using carbon nanotubes has been developed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the sensor of Patent Document 1 using a mixture of carbon nanotubes and a transition metal complex, the phenomenon that ethylene molecules coordinate to the transition metal complex changes the chemical environment near the surface of the carbon nanotubes and changes the conductivity of the carbon nanotubes. Let me.
- the amount of change in conductivity can be easily detected by a small device (for example, an electric resistance meter) as the amount of change in the current value flowing under a constant voltage.
- the transition metal complex also adsorbs molecules other than ethylene having coordinating properties (for example, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, water) and changes the conductivity of carbon nanotubes, there is a problem in selective detection of ethylene. is there.
- the formaldehyde detection sensor of Patent Document 2 includes a reaction section containing at least hydroxylamine salts and reacting with formaldehyde to generate an acid, and an electrode carrying a carbon material whose electric resistance value changes depending on the acid generated in the reaction section. A response unit is provided.
- the sensor can be used repeatedly and can constantly monitor formaldehyde. It would be desirable if further applications of the sensor of Patent Document 2 were developed.
- an object of the present invention to provide an alkene detection gas sensor that is compact and can be used repeatedly and detects an alkene, and a system using the alkene detection gas sensor.
- the alkene detection gas sensor for detecting an alkene in a sample gas contains a palladium catalyst, and has a first reaction part that oxidizes the alkene in the sample gas to aldehyde and / or a ketone, and hydroxylamine salts.
- the second reaction part which contains the above and reacts with the aldehyde and / or ketone converted in the first reaction part to generate an acid, and a semiconductor material whose electric resistance value changes depending on the generated acid are supported.
- a response unit including an electrode is provided, and the palladium catalyst, the hydroxylamine salts, and the semiconductor material are separated from each other, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems.
- the alkene may be ethylene.
- the palladium catalyst may be a solid catalyst in which metallic palladium (Pd) or palladium ion (Pd 2+ ) is supported on an inorganic solid substance.
- the inorganic solids are, V 2 O 5 -TiO 2, CeO 2 -TiO 2, V 2 O 5 -CeO 2, V 2 O 5 - zeolite, CeO 2 - zeolite, V 2 O 5 -SiO 2, CeO 2 -SiO 2 , V 2 O 5 -Al 2 O 3 , CeO 2- Al 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O-TIO 2 , Cu 2 O-TIO 2 , CuO-TIO 2 , Cu 2 O-zinc oxide, Cu 2 O -SiO 2 , CuO-zeolite, CuO-SiO 2 , Cu 2 O-Al 2 O 3 , CuO-Al 2 O 3 , V 2 O 5 -Silica alumina, CeO 2 -Silica alumina
- the solid catalyst may be represented by the following general formula (1).
- the first reaction unit includes a column containing the solid catalyst, and the sample gas may be introduced into the column.
- the solid catalyst is a powder, and the solid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of paper, cellulose, hydrophobic polymers, hydrophilic polymers, porous glass, glass fibers, porous carbon materials, and porous oxides. It may be supported or encapsulated in a porous material.
- the hydroxylamine salts are hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH) or hydroxylamine derivatives (NH 2 OR, where R is an aromatic, cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon compound, or a derivative thereof). It may be a salt obtained by neutralizing with an acid selected from the group consisting of hydrogen halide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid and trifluoroacetic acid.
- the hydroxylamine salts may be encapsulated in a porous filter.
- the porous filter may be selected from the group consisting of paper, cellulose, hydrophobic polymers, hydrophilic polymers, porous glass, glass fibers, porous carbon materials, and porous oxides.
- a spacer may be provided between the second reaction unit and the response unit.
- a spacer may be provided between the first reaction section and the second reaction section.
- the semiconductor material may be a carbon material.
- the carbon material may be selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, graphene, fullerenes, and derivatives thereof.
- the carbon nanotubes are a mixture of semiconductor-type single-walled carbon nanotubes and metal-type carbon nanotubes, and the content ratio of the semiconductor-type single-walled carbon nanotubes to the metal-type carbon nanotubes may be larger than 2.
- a heating device for heating the first reaction unit may be further provided.
- a humidifying device that is located in front of the first reaction unit and humidifies the sample gas may be further provided.
- a switching device for switching the introduction destination of the sample gas is further provided, and the switching device introduces the sample gas in the order of the first reaction unit, the second reaction unit, and the response unit, or the sample gas is introduced.
- the second reaction section and the response section are introduced in this order without being introduced into the first reaction section, or the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction section and the second reaction section.
- the switching device further includes a third reaction unit containing at least an oxidizing agent or an oxidation catalyst and reacting with alcohol to generate aldehyde and / or ketone, and a switching device for switching the introduction destination of the sample gas.
- a third reaction unit containing at least an oxidizing agent or an oxidation catalyst and reacting with alcohol to generate aldehyde and / or ketone
- a switching device for switching the introduction destination of the sample gas.
- the sample gas is introduced into the response unit without being introduced into the unit, or the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction unit in the order of the third reaction unit, the second reaction unit, and the response unit. You may switch whether to introduce it.
- the first reaction section and the second reaction section connected in series are further provided with a third reaction section containing at least an oxidizing agent or an oxidation catalyst and reacting with alcohol to generate an aldehyde and / or a ketone.
- the response unit, the third reaction unit connected in series with the first flow path into which the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction unit, the second reaction unit, and the response.
- the sample gas has a second flow path into which the sample gas is introduced into the third reaction section, and a second reaction section and the response section connected in series.
- a third flow path introduced into the second reaction unit and a fourth flow path having the response unit and introducing the sample gas into the response unit may be provided.
- the oxidizing agent or oxidation catalyst may contain at least V 2 O 5.
- the alkene detection gas sensor is the above-mentioned alkene detection gas sensor, and the detection means is from the alkene detection gas sensor. The change in the electric resistance value of the above is detected, thereby solving the above-mentioned problem.
- the alkene detection gas sensor and the control means for controlling the operation of the detection means may be further provided.
- the alkene detection gas sensor may further include a switching device for switching the introduction destination of the sample gas.
- the alkene detection gas sensor further includes a third reaction unit containing at least an oxidizing agent or an oxidation catalyst and reacting with alcohol to generate an aldehyde and / or a ketone, and the control means controls the operation of the switching device.
- the connection states of the first reaction unit, the second reaction unit, the third reaction unit, and the response unit are controlled, and at least two or more different connection states are selected, and the selected state is selected. Changes in the electrical resistance value from the response unit measured in each of at least two or more different connection states are obtained from the detection means, the obtained changes in the electrical resistance value are compared, and the alkene in the sample gas is compared.
- the control means controls the switching device so that the sample gas is introduced in the order of the first reaction unit, the second reaction unit, and the response unit, and the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction unit.
- the change in the electric resistance value from the response unit at that time is obtained from the detection means, and the sample gas is introduced into the response unit without being introduced into the first reaction unit and the second reaction unit.
- the change in the electric resistance value from the response unit when the sample gas is introduced into the response unit is obtained from the detection means, the change in the electric resistance value is compared, and the change is compared.
- the response by the alkene in the sample gas may be distinguished from the response by the temperature / humidity change and / or the acid vapor, and the alkene in the sample gas may be detected.
- the control means controls the switching device so that the sample gas is introduced in the order of the first reaction unit, the second reaction unit, and the response unit, and the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction unit.
- the change in the electric resistance value from the response unit at that time is obtained from the detection means, and the sample gas is introduced in the order of the second reaction unit and the response unit without introducing the sample gas into the first reaction unit.
- the switching device is controlled so as to obtain the change in the electric resistance value from the response unit when the sample gas is introduced into the second reaction unit from the detection means, and the change in the electric resistance value is obtained.
- the response of the sample gas by alken and the response of the sample gas by aldehyde and / or ketone may be distinguished, and the alken in the sample gas may be detected.
- the alkene detection gas sensor further includes a third reaction section containing at least an oxidizing agent or an oxidation catalyst and reacting with alcohol to generate aldehyde and / or ketone, and the control means uses the sample gas as the first.
- the switching device is controlled so that the reaction unit, the second reaction unit, and the response unit are introduced in this order, and the electric resistance value from the response unit when the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction unit.
- the change device is obtained from the detection means, and the switching device is introduced so that the sample gas is introduced in the order of the third reaction unit, the second reaction unit, and the response unit without introducing the sample gas into the first reaction unit.
- the change in the electric resistance value from the response unit when the sample gas is introduced into the third reaction unit is obtained from the detection means, the change in the electric resistance value is compared, and the sample is compared.
- the response by the alkene in the gas and the response by the alcohol in the sample gas may be distinguished, and the alkene in the sample gas may be detected.
- the alkene detection gas sensor further comprises a third reaction section containing at least an oxidizing agent or an oxidation catalyst and reacting with alcohol to generate an aldehyde and / or a ketone, and the first reaction section connected in series.
- the third reaction section and the second reaction section which have the second reaction section and the response section and are connected in series with the first flow path in which the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction section.
- a third flow path through which the sample gas is introduced into the second reaction section and a fourth flow path having the response section and the sample gas being introduced into the response section may be provided. ..
- the control means obtains a change in the electric resistance value from the response portion of the first flow path when the sample gas is introduced into the first flow path from the detection means, and the sample gas is the first.
- the change in the electric resistance value from the response portion of the second flow path when introduced into the second flow path is obtained from the detection means, and the first when the sample gas is introduced into the third flow path.
- the change in the electric resistance value from the response part of the three flow paths is obtained from the detection means, and the electric resistance from the response part of the fourth flow path when the sample gas is introduced into the fourth flow path.
- the change in the value is obtained from the detection means, the change in the electric resistance value is compared, the response by the arcen in the sample gas, the temperature / humidity change in the sample gas and / or the response by the acid vapor, and the sample gas.
- the response by aldehyde and / or ketone in the sample gas may be distinguished from the response by alcohol in the sample gas, and the arcen in the sample gas may be detected.
- the alkene detection gas sensor for detecting an alkene in a sample gas includes a first reaction part containing a palladium catalyst, a second reaction part containing hydroxylamine salts, and a semiconductor whose electrical resistance value changes depending on an acid. It is provided with a response unit having an electrode carrying a material.
- the first reaction part contains a palladium catalyst, it can oxidize an alkene and convert it to an aldehyde and / or a ketone (for example, if the alkene is ethylene, it can be converted to acetaldehyde).
- the second reaction part contains hydroxylamine salts, it selectively reacts with aldehydes and / or ketones to generate acids. By adsorbing the generated acid on the semiconductor material contained in the response unit, the alkene can be detected as a change in the electrical resistance value.
- the palladium catalyst, the hydroxylamine salts, and the semiconductor material are separated from each other, the alkene can be stably detected without reacting with each other.
- the first reaction part is a catalyst, it can be used repeatedly. Hydroxylamine salts contained in the second reaction part are consumed by the condensation reaction with aldehydes or ketones, but by using an excess amount of alkene contained in the sample gas, it can be practically and repeatedly used. .. Since the semiconductor material contained in the response unit absorbs and desorbs acids by equilibrium, it can be used repeatedly. Furthermore, the catalyst, hydroxylamine salts, and semiconductor materials can all be miniaturized because they can be used in very small amounts.
- the alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention By combining the alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention with a detection means, it is possible to provide a sensor and a system that can be used repeatedly in a small size and highly detect an alkene.
- the small size means the size and weight that one adult can carry with a margin.
- Block diagram showing an alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention Schematic diagram showing an exemplary alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention Schematic diagram showing another exemplary alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention Block diagram showing another alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention Block diagram showing yet another alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention Block diagram showing yet another alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention Block diagram showing the alkene detection system of the present invention Block diagram showing another alkene detection system of the present invention Schematic diagram showing an alkene detection gas sensor (when clean gas is introduced) according to Example 1. Schematic diagram showing an alkene detection gas sensor according to Example 1 (when sample gas is introduced) The figure which shows the response characteristic to ethylene of the sensor by Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention.
- the alkene detection gas sensor 100 contains a first reaction unit 110 which contains a palladium catalyst and oxidizes an alkene in a sample gas to convert it into an aldehyde and / or a ketone, and a hydroxylamine salt in the first reaction unit.
- a second reaction unit 120 that reacts with the converted aldehyde and / or ketone to generate an acid
- a response unit 130 having an electrode carrying a semiconductor material whose electrical resistance value changes depending on the generated acid, and palladium.
- the catalyst, hydroxylamine salts, and semiconductor materials are separated.
- the term "separation" is intended to be a state in which they are not physically mixed. In FIG. 1, one second reaction unit 120 and one response unit 130 are shown, but there may be two or more.
- the palladium catalyst a homogeneous system (solution system) and a non-uniform system (solid system) palladium catalyst can be adopted, but palladium ion (Pd 2+ ) or metallic palladium (Pd (0)) is supported on the inorganic solid material.
- a heterogeneous catalyst solid phase catalyst is preferable because it is easy to handle as a sensor and improves the contact efficiency between the palladium catalyst and the alkene.
- the inorganic solid material supporting palladium ion (Pd 2+ ) or metallic palladium is, for example, an inorganic solid material such as activated carbon, zeolite, titanium dioxide, or silica gel. Further, preferably, copper chloride (CuCl 2 , CuCl) or vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ) is added thereto. This may activate the oxidation of alkenes to aldehydes and / or ketones (generally this catalytic reaction is known as the Wacker oxidation reaction) and improve stability.
- CuCl 2 , CuCl copper chloride
- V 2 O 5 vanadium oxide
- Inorganic solids are preferably, V 2 O 5 -TiO 2, CeO 2 -TiO 2, V 2 O 5 -CeO 2, V 2 O 5 - zeolite, CeO 2 - zeolite, V 2 O 5 -SiO 2, CeO 2 -SiO 2 , V 2 O 5- Al 2 O 3 , CeO 2- Al 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O-TIO 2 , Cu 2 O-TIO 2 , CuO-TIO 2 , Cu 2 O-zinc oxide, Cu 2 O-SiO 2 , CuO-Zinc oxide, CuO-SiO 2 , Cu 2 O-Al 2 O 3 , CuO-Al 2 O 3 , V 2 O 5 -Silica Alumina, CeO 2 -Silica Alumina, Cu 2 O-Silica alumina, CuO- silica alumina, V 2 O 5 -ZnO, CeO 2 -ZnO, Cu 2 O-ZnO, CuO
- the solid catalyst is preferably represented by (Pd + Pd 2+ ) x (V 2 O 5 ) y (TiO 2 ) z .
- the Wacker reaction described above is promoted.
- the solid catalyst is preferably a powder and may be supported or contained in a porous material. This facilitates the separation of the palladium catalyst, the hydroxylamine salts and the semiconductor material.
- Such a porous material is preferably selected from the group consisting of paper, cellulose, hydrophobic polymers, hydrophilic polymers, porous glass, glass fibers, porous carbon materials, and porous oxides. With these materials, sample gas is introduced and does not inhibit the Wacker reaction.
- the porous material has a specific surface area in the range of 10 m 2 / g or more and 5000 m 2 / g or less, a pore diameter in the range of 10 nm or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and 0.05 cm 3 / g or more and 0. It has a pore volume of 90 cm 3 / g or less. This allows a solid catalyst to be supported that is necessary for the reaction and does not require future replacement.
- the first reaction unit 110 may include a column packed with a palladium catalyst or a solid catalyst. As a result, the alkene contained in the sample gas can be efficiently brought into contact with the palladium catalyst. Since the sample gas is introduced into the column, if the flow rate of the sample gas passing through the column is slowed down, the contact time with the palladium catalyst becomes long, and the conversion rate of alkene to aldehyde / ketone can be improved.
- the first reaction unit 110 may further include a heating device. This can increase the activity of the Wacker reaction catalyst.
- a heating device any heating device capable of heating the palladium catalyst in a temperature range of 25 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower can be adopted.
- the first reaction unit 110 may further include a device for adding oxygen (O 2 ) and a humidifying device for adding water vapor (H 2 O) in the preceding stage. This can increase the activity of the Wacker reaction catalyst.
- Hydroxylamine salts in the second reaction section 120 are obtained by neutralizing hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH) with a volatile acid.
- a volatile acid e.g., a neutralizing salt selected from the group consisting of halogenates, nitrates and trifluoroacetates. If the acid generated in the second reaction unit 120 is volatile, it can reach the separated response unit 130 by diffusion.
- a mixture of a neutralized salt composed of a non-volatile acid such as sulfate, phosphate and borate with a neutralized salt composed of a volatile acid such as NaCl is also used as the above-mentioned volatile acid. It is contained in the salt obtained by the sum (for example, a halide, a nitrate, and a trifluoroacetate).
- hydroxylamine salts are readily available or available for synthesis. Of these, those that generate a highly volatile strong acid when reacting with an aldehyde or ketone are preferable because they strongly hole-doped the semiconductor material contained in the response unit 130 and lead to highly sensitive detection of alkenes. , Hydroxylamine halides (NH 2 OH ⁇ HCl, NH 2 OH ⁇ HBr) and trifluoroacetate (NH 2 OH ⁇ CF 3 COOH).
- the hydroxylamine salts are the halides, nitrates, trifluoroacetates of the hydroxyamine derivative NH 2 OR
- R is an aromatic, cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon compound, or a derivative thereof. It is a neutralizing salt of an organic compound selected from the group consisting of. For example, there may be methylated, acetylated hydroxylamine salts. Among them, R is an aromatic benzene ring or a halide containing nitrobenzene (NH 2 OR HCl, NH 2 OR HBr), a trifluoroacetic acid salt (NH 2 OR CF 3 COOH), etc., and O-benzyl. Examples thereof include hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
- the "derivative" is intended to be a compound or the like modified to such an extent that the original structure and properties do not change significantly even if a functional group is introduced, oxidized, reduced, or substituted with an atom. ..
- the hydroxylamine salts are solid materials NH 2 OQ (Q is a polymer, polymer beads, silica gel, etc.) in which hydroxylamine is carried on the surface of a polymer or an inorganic compound, and is composed of halogenic acid, nitric acid, It may be neutralized by trifluoroacetic acid treatment.
- hydroxylamine salts instead of hydroxylamine salts, amine salts and hydrazine salts known to cause a condensation reaction with a carbonyl compound, and derivatives thereof may be used.
- hydroxylamine salts When the hydroxylamine salts are in a crystalline or powder state, they may be included in a porous filter. This simplifies the handling of the second reaction unit 120.
- Such a porous filter preferably has air permeability, is not reactive with hydroxylamine salts, and may be made of a material having pores capable of supporting hydroxylamine salts.
- it comprises a material selected from the group consisting of paper typified by filter paper and the like, hydrophobic polymers, hydrophilic polymers, polymer filters, porous glass, porous carbon materials, and porous oxides. These are porous filters for which commercially available products are easily available.
- a porous filter made of a hydrophobic polymer such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is preferable.
- the second reaction unit 120 may include a column packed with hydroxylamine salts.
- the carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) produced in the first reaction unit 110 can be efficiently brought into contact with the hydroxylamine salts. Since the gas containing the generated carbonyl compound is introduced into the column, if the flow rate of the gas passing through the column is slowed down, the contact time with hydroxylamine salts becomes longer, and the conversion rate from aldehyde / ketone to acid is increased. Can be improved.
- the semiconductor material in the response unit 130 is not particularly limited as long as it is a semiconductor material whose electric resistance value changes due to adsorption of acid, and such materials include carbon materials, conductive polymers, inorganic semiconductors, and the like. Whether the electric resistance value increases or decreases due to the adsorption of the acid depends on the properties of the semiconductor material, but either property can be used. Many p-type semiconductors whose electrical resistance value decreases due to hole doping decrease their electrical resistance value due to acid adsorption.
- the carbon nanotubes used in the present specification are p-type semiconductors, which are contacted with an acid. It is known that the electrical resistance value decreases.
- the carbon material is, for example, a material selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, graphene, fullerenes, and derivatives thereof. It is known that the electric resistance value of these changes due to the adsorption of acid. Among them, carbon nanotubes are preferable because they are easily available and have excellent electrical characteristics and stability.
- the derivative is intended to have a functional group such as amine or carboxylic acid on the surface, or to have the surface coated with a dispersant or the like.
- carbon nanotubes can be divided into single-walled, double-walled, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes according to the number of overlapping layers of graphene, and any of them can be adopted in the present invention.
- some of the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are semiconducting and are preferable because the electric resistance value is likely to change with respect to an acid.
- the surface of SWCNT is a hydrophobic and stable graphene sheet, which is preferable because it has a small response to humidity changes and is not easily denatured by acid.
- the synthesized SWCNT is a mixture containing the semiconductor and the metal body at a ratio of 2: 1.
- the semiconductor SWCNT can be separated and purified, and the semiconductor SWCNT can be used as a semiconductor material for the purpose of increasing the response sensitivity of the SWCNT to the vapor of the acid, that is, the amount of change in the electric resistance value.
- the column separation method described in Patent Document 2 or the like can be adopted.
- the content ratio of the semiconductor-type single-walled carbon to the metal-type carbon nanotubes may be larger than 2.
- a ⁇ -conjugated polymer such as polyfluorene and an amphipathic surfactant such as sodium dodecyl sulfate can be adopted.
- the solvent an organic solvent and water can be adopted.
- orthodichlorobenzene is known to have high SWCNT dispersibility and is preferable.
- the conductive polymer used as a semiconductor material is, for example, a conductive polymer selected from the group consisting of polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene vinylene, polyparaphenylene and derivatives thereof. Since these conductive polymers change their electrical resistance values when they come into contact with acid vapor, they can be used as semiconductor materials in the response unit 130.
- an acid such as PEDOT (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -PSS (poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid))
- PEDOT poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -PSS
- Conductivity is increased by hole doping.
- a conductive polymer containing a basic functional group such as polyaniline or polypyrrole has a high affinity with an acid molecule, and a band gap due to adsorption of the acid molecule. This is more preferable because the electric resistance value changes with the change of.
- an inorganic oxide semiconductor having a proven track record as a gas sensor such as SnO 2 (tin oxide), In 2 O 3 (indium oxide), ZnO (zinc oxide), and Fe 2 O 3 (iron oxide) can be adopted.
- the semiconductor materials have a high specific surface area by overlapping with each other while having an internal space so that acids can be easily adsorbed, and a porous body or a network structure (network) may be formed. It is desirable that the semiconductor material is a thin film in order to improve the detection sensitivity.
- the semiconductor material is carried on an electrode made of a commonly used electrode material, wherein the electrode is exemplified by a group consisting of Au, Pt, Ag and an alloy thereof, or a conductive carbon material such as glassy carbon. Consists of materials selected from.
- the shape of the electrode is, for example, a comb-shaped electrode or the like.
- the operating principle of the sensor 100 of the present invention will be described.
- the first reaction unit 110 containing a palladium catalyst oxidizes the alkene contained in the sample gas to an aldehyde and / or a ketone.
- the substrates involved in the oxidation of alkenes are, for example, oxygen (O 2 ) and water (H 2 O). When the above-mentioned substrates are oxygen and water, they are desirable because they can be easily obtained from atmospheric components.
- the hydroxylamine salts undergo a condensation reaction with the carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) produced in the first reaction unit 110 to generate an acid vapor.
- the carbonyl compound aldehyde or ketone
- the hydroxylamine salts undergo a condensation reaction with the carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) produced in the first reaction unit 110 to generate an acid vapor.
- the case of acetaldehyde as the carbonyl compound and hydroxylamine hydrochloride as the hydroxylamine salts is shown in the following formula. Even in the case of a combination of other carbonyl compounds and hydroxyamine salts, an acid is generated by the same condensation reaction.
- CH 3 CHO + NH 2 OH ⁇ HCl ⁇ CH 3 CH NOH + H 2 O + HCl
- the acid generated in the second reaction unit 120 changes the electric resistance value of the semiconductor material contained in the response unit 130. From this, it can be determined that the sample gas contains an alkene. Specifically, when the semiconductor material is p-type, holes are often injected and lowered by adsorption of acid.
- the alkene is measured and detected based on the relative change in the electrical resistance value represented by the following formula.
- the alkene concentration may be converted from the above-mentioned correlation between the relative change amount and the alkene concentration (calibration curve prepared separately).
- the gas introduced into the sensor 100 is switched to a clean gas, so that the acid molecules adsorbed on the semiconductor material are equilibrium desorbed, and the electric resistance value recovers to the state before the start of the measurement after a certain period of time. , Can be repeatedly measured.
- the concentration of aldehyde and / or ketone generated in the first reaction unit 110 correlates with the concentration of the supplied alkene
- the concentration of acid generated in the second reaction unit 120 is the concentration of the supplied aldehyde and / or ketone. / Or correlates with the concentration of ketones.
- the change in the electrical resistance value that occurs in the response unit 130 correlates with the concentration of the supplied acid. Therefore, if a mechanism in which the reaction unit 110, the reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130 are separated and connected is adopted, the concentration of the alkene can be quantified using a calibration curve prepared in advance.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an exemplary alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention.
- the alkene detection gas sensor 200 of FIG. 2 has a first reaction unit 110 including a palladium catalyst 140, a second reaction unit 120 including a hydroxylamine hydrochloride 150, and a response unit 130 including an electrode 170 carrying a semiconductor material 180. And.
- the electrode 170 is arranged on the substrate 160, and the palladium catalyst 140, the hydroxylamine salts 150, and the semiconductor material 180 are separated from each other.
- the palladium catalyst 140 and the hydroxylamine salts 150 are each filled in the column, and the sample gas is configured to be introduced into the column of the first reaction unit 110.
- the alkene contained in the sample gas is converted into acetaldehyde and / or ketone by contact with the palladium catalyst 140 and provided to the second reaction section. Subsequently, in the second reaction section, acetaldehyde and / or ketone reacts with the hydroxylamine salts 150 to generate acid vapor, which is provided to the response section 130.
- a constant voltage is applied to the electrode 170, and the current value flowing through the semiconductor material 180 is measured by an ammeter.
- the ammeter detects the change in the electric resistance value as an electric signal, and it can be determined that the sample gas contains an alkene.
- Such an alkene detection gas sensor 200 is manufactured as follows, for example. First, a substrate 160 having an electrode 170 is prepared. The semiconductor material 180 is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent. The solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is volatile, but is exemplified by o-dichlorobenzene. The solution / dispersion is then drop cast onto the electrode 170. After drying the solvent, the response unit 130 is obtained.
- the first reaction section 110 is constructed by packing the palladium catalyst in a glass tube and incorporating it into the gas flow path.
- the second reaction section 120 is constructed by packing hydroxylamine salts in a glass tube and incorporating them into the gas flow path in the subsequent stage of the first reaction section 110.
- the sensor 200 of the present invention can be obtained by installing the response unit 130 after the second reaction unit 120.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another exemplary alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention.
- the alkene detection gas sensor 300 of FIG. 3 includes a first reaction unit 110 including a palladium catalyst 140, a second reaction unit 120 including a hydroxylamine hydrochloride 150, and a response unit 130 including an electrode 170 carrying a semiconductor material 180. And.
- the electrode 170 is arranged on the substrate 160, and the palladium catalyst 140, the hydroxylamine salts 150, and the semiconductor material 180 are separated from each other.
- the palladium catalyst 140 and the hydroxylamine salts 150 are supported on the porous filter, respectively, so that the sample gas is introduced into the entire sensor 300.
- the alkene contacts the palladium catalyst 140 to generate an aldehyde or a ketone, and the generated aldehyde or ketone contacts the hydroxylamine hydrochloride 150 by diffusion to generate an acid, and the generated acid is diffused. It comes into contact with the semiconductor material 180 and is detected by the response unit 130 as a change in the electric resistance value.
- the alkene in direct contact with the hydroxylamine hydrochloride 150 and the semiconductor material 180 does not affect the response portion.
- Such an alkene detection gas sensor 300 is manufactured as follows, for example.
- Palladium catalyst and hydroxylamine salts are added to a solvent such as methanol, respectively, and this dispersion or solution is drop cast onto a porous material. By removing the solvent by drying, the first reaction unit 110 and the second reaction unit 120 are obtained.
- the spacer 190 on the response unit 130 obtained in the same manner as the sensor 200, installing the reaction unit 120 and further the spacer 190 on the response unit 130, and installing the first reaction unit 110 on the spacer 190, the first reaction unit is installed.
- the reaction unit 110, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130 are arranged apart from each other.
- the spacer 190 is, for example, 0.2 mm, and there is no limitation on the material.
- a first reaction part / second reaction part provided with a column may be combined with a second reaction part / first reaction part provided with a porous filter or a porous material.
- the response unit 130 may provoke a response similar to that of an alkene by a chemical substance other than the alkene.
- Acid gas, alcohol vapor, aldehyde vapor, and ketone vapor are assumed as chemical substances that are easily confused with alkenes.
- alcohol vapor, aldehyde vapor, and ketone vapor may be simply referred to as alcohol, aldehyde, and ketone.
- acid gas and temperature / humidity changes act directly on the response unit 130 to change the conductivity of the semiconductor material, so that the acid vapor is generated from the alkene through the first reaction unit 110 and the second reaction unit 120. Easy to confuse.
- Alcohol vapor has an oxidation catalyst in the first reaction section 110, so depending on its activity, alcohol may also be oxidized to produce aldehydes and / or ketones. Aldehydes and / or ketones produced from alcohols generate acid vapors in the second reaction section 120. Therefore, the vapor of an acid derived from alcohol is easily confused with the vapor of an acid derived from an alkene.
- Aldehyde and ketone vapors act directly on the second reaction section 120 to generate acid vapors. Therefore, acid vapors derived from aldehydes and ketones are easily confused with acid vapors produced from alkenes.
- An alkene detection gas sensor capable of clearly distinguishing a response due to an alkene in a sample gas and a response due to an acid gas, alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, or temperature / humidity change will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing another alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention.
- the alkene detection gas sensor 400 is the same as the alkene detection gas sensor 100 except that the alkene detection gas sensor 100 shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a switching device 410 for the flow path of the sample gas.
- the switching device 410 introduces the sample gas in the order of the first reaction unit 110, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130, or the second reaction unit without introducing the sample gas into the first reaction unit 110. It is switched between introducing the sample gas in the order of 120 and the response unit 130, or introducing the sample gas into the response unit 130 without introducing it into the first reaction unit 110 and the second reaction unit 120.
- the switching device 410 switches to introduce the sample gas in the order of the first reaction unit 110, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130, it operates in the same manner as the alkene detection gas sensor 100 shown in FIG.
- the switching device 410 switches to introduce the sample gas into the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 by bypassing the first reaction unit 110, even if the alkene is present in the sample gas, the alkene itself Does not generate acid gas in the second reaction unit 120, so that no response is observed in the response unit 130.
- an aldehyde or a ketone is present in the sample gas, even if the first reaction unit 110 is bypassed, an acid vapor is generated when the second reaction unit 120 is reached, so that the response unit 130 responds. Can be seen.
- the response (electrical resistance value) of the part 130 By comparing the response (electrical resistance value) of the part 130, the response by the alkene and the response by the aldehyde and the ketone can be clearly distinguished, and the alkene gas can be detected to a high degree.
- the switching device 410 switches to introduce the sample gas into the response unit 130 by bypassing the first reaction unit 110 and the second reaction unit 120, the alkene, aldehyde and ketone contained in the sample gas are released. Since the conductivity of the semiconductor is not changed in the response unit 130, no response is observed in the response unit 130. On the other hand, the vapor of acid in the sample gas or the change in temperature and humidity of the sample gas acts directly on the response unit 130 to show a response even when the first reaction unit 110 and the second reaction unit 120 are bypassed.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing still another alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention.
- the alkene detection gas sensor 500 of FIG. 5 further includes a third reaction unit 510 that reacts with an alcohol to generate an aldehyde and / or a ketone, in addition to the alkene detection gas sensor 400 shown in FIG.
- the third reaction unit 510 includes an oxidizing agent or an oxidation catalyst capable of oxidizing alcohol to aldehydes and / or ketones, and does not have an ability to oxidize alken to aldehydes and / or ketones. ..
- the first reaction unit 110 and the third reaction unit 510 are arranged in parallel.
- Such an oxidizing agent or an oxidation catalyst is pyridinium chlorochromate, pyridinium dichromate, titanium dioxide carrying vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ) or the like, but preferably contains at least V 2 O 5.
- the switching device 410 introduces the sample gas in the order of the first reaction unit 110, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130 without introducing the sample gas into the third reaction unit 510, or the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction unit.
- the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 are introduced in this order without being introduced into the 110 and the third reaction unit 510, or the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction unit 110, the second reaction unit 120, and the third reaction unit. It is introduced into the response unit 130 without being introduced into the unit 510, or the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction unit 110 in the order of the third reaction unit 510, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130. Switch whether to introduce.
- the switching device 410 switches to introduce the sample gas into the third reaction unit 510, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130 by bypassing the first reaction unit 110, alcohol is contained in the sample gas. If present, the response is seen in the response unit 130.
- the response of the response unit 130 and the first reaction when the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction unit 110, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130 without being introduced into the third reaction unit 510 Comparing the response of the response unit 130 when introduced into the third reaction unit 510, the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 without introducing into the unit 110, the response by the alkene and the response by the alcohol are compared. Can be distinguished.
- the switching device 410 switches the introduction destination of the sample gas, so that the response by the alkene, the response by the aldehyde and / or the ketone, the temperature / humidity change and / or the acid vapor Can be distinguished from the response by.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing still another alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention.
- the alkene detection gas sensor 600 of FIG. 6 reacts with the first reaction unit 110, two or more second reaction units 120, two or more response units 130, and alcohol to generate aldehydes and / or ketones.
- the reaction unit 510 of 3 is further provided.
- the alkene detection gas sensor 600 has a plurality of second reaction units (120-1 to 120-3) and a plurality of response units (130-1 to 130-4), and the first to fourth parts through which the sample gas flows. It is provided with flow paths 610 to 640.
- the first flow path 610 has a first reaction unit 110, a second reaction unit 120-1, and a response unit 130-1, which are connected in series, and the sample gas is the first reaction unit 110.
- the second flow path 620 has a third reaction unit 510, a second reaction unit 120-2, and a response unit 130-2 connected in series, and the sample gas is the third reaction unit 510. Introduced in.
- the third flow path 630 has a second reaction unit 120-3 and a response unit 130-3 connected in series, and the sample gas is introduced into the second reaction unit 120-3.
- the fourth flow path 640 has a response unit 130-4, and the sample gas is introduced into the response unit 130-4.
- the first flow path 610 of the alkene detection gas sensor 600 responds by the alkene in the sample gas.
- the response detected by the response unit 130-1 in the first flow path 610 may be an erroneous response due to alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, acid vapor or temperature / humidity change.
- the second flow path 620 responds by alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, acid vapor or temperature / humidity change in the sample gas. However, the second flow path 620 does not respond to the alkene.
- the third flow path 630 responds by aldehyde, ketone, acid vapor or temperature / humidity change. However, the third channel 630 does not respond to alkenes and alcohol.
- the fourth flow path 640 responds by temperature / humidity change or acid vapor. However, the fourth channel 640 does not respond to alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. For simplicity, the detections are listed.
- FIG. 6 three second reaction units 120-1 to 120-3 and four response units 130-1 to 130-4 were used, but the number of second reaction units 120 and response units 130. Is an example and is not limited to this. More or less second reaction units 120 and 130 may be provided.
- the response unit 130 has been described as using an electrode provided with a semiconductor material 130 whose electric resistance value is changed by an acid, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the response unit 130 can employ any element that causes a change in the electric signal in response to an acid, for example, an element that causes a change in capacitance, an element that causes a change in resonance frequency (for example, a quartz crystal microbalance). , Elements that cause mechanical displacement (eg, cantilever) and the like. By combining these, an alkene can be detected.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the alkene detection system of the present invention.
- the arcen detection system 700 of the present invention (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as the system of the present invention) has at least the electric resistance values from the sensors 100 to 300 (FIGS. 1 to 3) of the present invention and the sensors 100 to 300. It is provided with a detection means 710 for detecting a change in the above.
- the system 700 of the present invention is connected to the power supply 720.
- the power source 720 may be a fixed power source, a battery, or the like.
- the detection means 710 is not particularly limited as long as it can detect a change in the electric resistance value, but an example is an ammeter or a voltmeter. With an ammeter, if the voltage is known, the change in the electric resistance value of the response unit 130 can be detected by measuring the magnitude of the current.
- the voltage may be direct current or alternating current.
- the operating principle of the system 700 of the present invention will be described.
- the sample gas is introduced into the sensors 100 to 300, when the sample gas contains an alkene, the electric resistance value changes in the response unit 130 of the sensors 100 to 300 as described above.
- the detecting means 710 detects the change in the electric resistance value generated in the response unit 130. In this way, the presence of alkenes in the sample gas can be detected.
- the system includes control means (not shown) in which data of erroneous responses based on temperature and humidity are stored in a database in advance, and the control means in the sensors 100 to 300 of the present invention detected by the detection means 710.
- the change in the electric resistance value of the response unit 130 may be compared with the data stored in the database of the control means to distinguish between a positive response and an erroneous response and to correct the density.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing another alkene detection system of the present invention.
- the alkene detection system 800 of the present invention includes at least the sensors 400 to 600 (FIGS. 4 to 6) of the present invention, the detection means 710 for detecting the change in the electric resistance value from the sensors 400 to 600, and the sensors 400 to 600. And a control means 810 that controls the operation of the detection means 710.
- the control means 810 may include a memory or the like for storing the database as described above.
- the control means 810 may include a central processing unit (CPU), a memory, and if necessary, a communication means, and a personal computer can be used.
- the control means 810 controls the operation of the switching device 410 (FIG. 5) to control the operation of the first reaction unit 110 (FIG. 5), the second reaction unit 120 (FIG. 5), and the third reaction unit 510 (FIG. 5). Control the connection states of 5) and response unit 130 (FIG. 5), select at least two or more different connection states, and measure response unit 130 (FIG. 5) in each of the selected at least two or more different connection states. ) Is obtained from the detection means 710. The control means 810 compares the obtained changes in the electric resistance value and detects an alkene in the sample gas.
- the different connection states include, for example, a first connection state in which the first reaction unit 110, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130 are connected in order, and the third reaction unit 510 and the second reaction unit 120. There is a second connection state in which the response unit 130 is connected in order, a third connection state in which the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 are connected in order, and a fourth connection state in which only the response unit 130 is connected.
- the first connection state is always selected, and at least one or more of the second to fourth connection states is selected.
- the control means 810 controls the switching device 410 (FIG. 4) of the sensor 400 and the detection means 710 as follows.
- the control means 810 introduces the sample gas in the order of the first reaction unit 110 (FIG. 4), the second reaction unit 120 (FIG. 4), and the response unit 130 (FIG. 4). FIG. 4) is controlled, and the change in the electric resistance value from the response unit 130 at this time is obtained from the detection means 710.
- Control 2 The control means 810 controls the switching device 410 so that the sample gas is introduced in the order of the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 without being introduced into the first reaction unit 110, and the response unit at this time. The change in electrical resistance value from 130 is obtained from the detection means 710.
- the obtained data may be stored in an internal memory (not shown) or the like.
- the control means 810 controls the switching device 410 so that the sample gas is introduced into the response unit 130 without being introduced into the first reaction unit 110 and the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130 at this time.
- the change in electrical resistance value from is obtained from the detecting means 710.
- the control means 810 compares the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 1 is executed with the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 2 is executed, and the response by the alkene in the sample gas ( A positive response) and a response due to an aldehyde and / or a ketone in the sample gas (false response) are distinguished, and an alkene in the sample gas is detected.
- the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 1 is executed is significantly large, and the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 2 is executed is substantially zero (error level of the detection means 710). If it is equivalent), it can be determined that arcen is present in the sample gas, and if the change in any electrical resistance value is significantly large, it is an erroneous response due to the presence of aldehyde and / or ketone in the sample gas. Is determined.
- the control means 810 compares the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 1 is executed with the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 3 is executed, and the response by the alkene in the sample gas ( It distinguishes between a positive response) and a temperature / humidity change and / or a response due to acid vapor (false response), and detects an alkene in the sample gas.
- the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 1 is executed is significantly large, and the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 3 is executed is substantially zero (error level of the detection means 710). If it is (equivalent), it can be determined that alkene is present in the sample gas, and if the change in any electrical resistance value is significantly large, then acid vapor is present in the sample gas and / or the sample gas. It is determined that the response is erroneous due to a change in temperature and humidity.
- the control means 810 may perform only control 1 and control 2, may perform only control 1 and control 3, or may perform all of control 1 to control 3.
- the control means 810 controls the switching device 410 (FIG. 5) of the sensor 500 and the detection means 710 as follows.
- the control means 810 sets a switching device 410 so as to introduce the sample gas in the order of the first reaction unit 110 (FIG. 5), the second reaction unit 120 (FIG. 5), and the response unit 130 (FIG. 5). It is controlled, and the change in the electric resistance value from the response unit 130 at this time is obtained from the detection means 710.
- the control means 810 controls the switching device 410 so that the sample gas is introduced in the order of the third reaction unit 510, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130 without introducing the sample gas into the first reaction unit 110. Then, the change in the electric resistance value from the response unit 130 at this time is obtained from the detection means 710.
- the control means 810 compares the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 1 is executed with the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 4 is executed, and compares the response with the alkene in the sample gas.
- the alkene in the sample gas is detected by distinguishing it from the response by alcohol in the sample gas.
- the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 1 is executed is significantly large, and the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 4 is executed is substantially zero (error level of the detection means 710). If it is equivalent), it can be determined that arcen is present in the sample gas, and if the change in any of the electric resistance values is significantly large, it is determined that the response is erroneous due to the presence of alcohol in the sample gas.
- control means 810 further executes the above-mentioned control 1 and control 2, control 1 and control 3, or control 1 to control 3, and responds by the alkene in the sample gas. And the response to temperature / humidity changes and / or acid vapors and the response to aldehydes and / or ketones may be distinguished.
- the control means 810 controls the sensor 600 (FIG. 6) and the detection means 710 as follows.
- the control means 810 obtains a change in the electric resistance value from the response unit 130-1 (FIG. 6) when the sample gas is introduced into the first flow path 610 (FIG. 6) from the detection means 710. ..
- the control means 810 obtains a change in the electric resistance value from the response unit 130-2 (FIG. 6) when the sample gas is introduced into the second flow path 620 (FIG. 6) from the detection means 710. ..
- the control means 810 obtains a change in the electric resistance value from the response unit 130-3 (FIG. 6) when the sample gas is introduced into the third flow path 630 (FIG.
- the control means 810 obtains a change in the electric resistance value from the response unit 130-4 (FIG. 6) when the sample gas is introduced into the fourth flow path (FIG. 6) from the detection means 710.
- the control means 810 compares the change in the electric resistance value, and the response by the alkene in the sample gas, the response by the temperature / humidity change and / or the acid vapor of the sample gas, and the response by the aldehyde and / or the ketone in the sample gas. , Distinguish from the response by alcohol in the sample gas and detect the alkene in the sample gas.
- the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 5 is executed is significantly large, and the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 6 to 8 is executed is substantially zero (of the detection means 710). If it is (corresponding to the error level), it can be determined that the alkene is present in the sample gas.
- the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 5 and the control 6 are executed is significantly large, and the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 7 and the control 8 are executed is substantially zero (the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 7 and the control 8 are executed is substantially zero ( If it is (corresponding to the error level of the detection means 710), it can be determined that the response is erroneous due to the presence of alcohol in the sample gas.
- control means 810 the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 5, control 6 and the control 7 are executed is significantly large, and the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 8 is executed is substantially zero (the change in the electric resistance value obtained when the control 8 is executed is substantially zero ( If it is (corresponding to the error level of the detection means 710), it can be determined that the response is erroneous due to the presence of aldehyde and / or ketone in the sample gas.
- control means 810 indicates that the acid vapor is present in the sample gas and / or the temperature / humidity change of the sample gas. It can be determined that this is an erroneous response due to the occurrence of.
- the semiconductor material used for the response unit 130 is a semiconductor-rich single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) described in Patent Document 2, Purified SWCNT (PT200) manufactured by NanoC of the United States, and poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl). Either was used.
- SWCNT semiconductor-rich single-walled carbon nanotube
- PT200 Purified SWCNT
- poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) was used.
- a comb-shaped electrode made of Au formed on a ceramic substrate made of aluminum oxide (BVT Technologies, No. CC1.W1) was used as the electrode. The distance between the electrodes was 200 ⁇ m.
- the semiconductor-rich SWCNT was purchased from NanoIntegras of the United States, which was prepared by the HiPco (high pressure CO) method utilizing the inhomogenization reaction of carbon monoxide. SWCNTs are referred to as Yomogida, Y. et al. Et al., Nat. Commun. , 2016, 7, 12056, separated into semiconductor type and metal type. Further, Ishihara, S.A. shown in the following equation. Et al., J. et al. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2016, 138, 8221-8227 (n represents linear C 8 H 17 and the average value of m is about 15-20) to disperse semiconductor-rich SWCNTs. The surface area was improved.
- the Schlenk tube containing the magnetic stir bar was heated and dried under vacuum, and the atmosphere was adjusted to argon using a vacuum line.
- 99 mg of 2-bromo-3-hexyl-5-iodothiophene and 2.5 mL of dehydrated tetrahydrofuran treated with a solvent purification device (manufactured by Nikko Hansen) were added, and the mixture was cooled to ⁇ 20 ° C.
- the obtained crude product was dissolved in 2.5 mL of tetrahydrofuran, added dropwise to 20 mL of methanol, and the resulting dispersoid was precipitated by a centrifuge. The decantation of the supernatant and the washing of the precipitate with methanol were repeated 3 times, and then the mixture was dried under reduced pressure to obtain 35 mg of a deep red solid.
- the molecular weight of this solid was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurement.
- the obtained solid tetrahydrofuran solution had an orange to red color and had an absorption wavelength characteristic of polythiophene.
- the method for synthesizing the palladium catalyst will be described in detail.
- a magnet stirrer was placed in a 300 mL eggplant-shaped flask, and 1.0 g of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) powder (manufactured by Evonik Industries, P25) and 100 mL of pure water were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. Next, 53.8 mg of ammonium metavanadate (NH 4 VO 3 ) (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) dissolved in 10 mL of pure water was added, and a 0.1 M aqueous nitric acid solution was further added to adjust the pH to 4.0. did.
- TiO 2 titanium dioxide
- NH 4 VO 3 ammonium metavanadate
- V 2 O 5 -TiO 2 500mg in a crucible, which was 5 set prepared.
- a 0.5 M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution containing 0 mg, 0.84 mg, 1.68 mg, 3.37 mg, and 6.67 mg of palladium chloride was added, and sonication was performed for 10 minutes.
- the crucible was treated in an electric furnace at 400 ° C. for 4 hours. The heating rate of the electric furnace was 5 ° C./min. As a result, about 500 mg of Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 was obtained.
- Pd-V 2 O 5- TIO 2 The five types of Pd-V 2 O 5- TIO 2 obtained were Pd-V 2 O 5- TIO 2 (0), Pd-V 2 O 5- TIO 2 (0.84), and Pd-V, respectively. Named 2 O 5- TiO 2 (1.68), Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (3.37), Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (6.67), and the values in parentheses are It is the weight of palladium chloride used in the synthesis. Note that Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (0) does not support palladium and is synonymous with V 2 O 5- TiO 2.
- Example 1 In Example 1, the alkene detection gas sensor 900 shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B was manufactured to detect ethylene.
- FIG. 9A is a schematic view showing an alkene detection gas sensor (at the time of introducing clean gas) according to Example 1.
- FIG. 9B is a schematic view showing an alkene detection gas sensor (at the time of introducing a sample gas) according to Example 1.
- Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (3.37) was used as the palladium catalyst 140 contained in the first reaction unit 110, and NH 2 OH ⁇ HCl was used as the hydroxylamine salts 150 contained in the second reaction unit 120.
- the first reaction unit 110 was constructed as follows. 200 mg of powder of Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (3.37) was filled in a glass tube (inner diameter 5 mm, length 5 cm). Both ends of the glass tube were filled with glass wool so that the powder of Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (3.37) was retained in the glass tube.
- the configuration of the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 was the same as that of the sensor described in Example 8 of Patent Document 2, and the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 were housed in the sensor chamber 920.
- Gas tubes were connected to both ends of the glass tube to allow gas to flow.
- a glass tube filled with Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (3.37) was placed in an electric oven 910 (manufactured by ETTAS, IW-300S) and heated at 40 ° C. to a constant temperature state.
- Two gas tubes connected to both ends of the above-mentioned glass tube were taken out from the window of the electric oven 910, and the sample gas was introduced into the above-mentioned glass tube from one of the gas tubes.
- the sample gas after reacting with the first reaction unit 110 was sent to the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 described above through the tube on the outlet side.
- sample gas 50 mL of 100 ppm of sample gas was taken with a syringe and added to 5 L of tedler bag to prepare 1 ppm of sample gas.
- a 10 ppm sample gas was prepared by taking 1000 ppm of sample gas with a 50 mL syringe and adding it to a 5 L tedler bag.
- I 0 introduces a clean air (clean gas) containing no alkene into the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130, bypassing the first reaction unit 110. It is a current value in the response unit 130 detected when stabilized for 1 minute or more.
- I (t) is t seconds after switching the gas introduced into the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 to the sample gas in contact with the first reaction unit 110 (t is 300 seconds described later). ) Is the current value.
- the voltage applied to the response unit 130 was 0.1 V.
- the response characteristics to ethylene were investigated.
- the sensor 900 was exposed to clean air containing 50% humidity (flow rate 25 mL / min) for 1000 seconds to stabilize the response unit 130.
- the sample gas ethylene concentration: 0 ppm, 1 ppm, 10 ppm
- the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 were exposed to the sample gas for 300 seconds, and the change in the current value was measured.
- the sample gas was switched to the clean atmosphere again, and the clean air was exposed to the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 for 700 seconds to recover the response. This process was repeated 3 times. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the response characteristics of the sensor according to Example 1 to ethylene.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the sensor 900. After that, when the sample gas (A in the figure) was passed for 300 seconds, a clear change (here, an increase) in the current value was observed. Next, when the sample gas was switched to the clean atmosphere and the clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow for 700 seconds, recovery was confirmed in the response of the sensor. This was repeated a total of 3 times, and it was found that the response was reproducible.
- Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (3.37) is the most suitable as the palladium catalyst used for the first reaction unit 110.
- Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (0) acetaldehyde was not detected at all, indicating that palladium is essential.
- the alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention can detect ethylene and can perform repeated measurement and quantification.
- Example 2 the aldehyde detection gas sensor of Example 1 (FIG. 9) was used to detect another alkene, 1-hexene. Using a sample gas containing 860 ppm of 1-hexene, the change in current value was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the response characteristics of the sensor according to Example 2 to 1-hexene.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the response unit 130.
- the sample gas (A in the figure) was passed for 300 seconds, a clear change in the current value was observed. This is because 1-hexene is oxidized to 1-hexanal and / or 2-hexanone by the first reaction unit 110, these acetaldehyde / ketone generate an acid by the second reaction unit 120, and the acid is the response unit 130. This is because it was detected in.
- the sample gas was switched to the clean atmosphere and the clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow for 700 seconds, recovery was confirmed in the response of the sensor. This was repeated a total of 3 times, and it was found that the response was reproducible.
- the alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention can detect various alkene.
- Example 3 In Example 3, the switching device 410 (FIG. 4) was attached to the aldehyde detection gas sensor manufactured in Example 1, and the aldehyde detection gas sensor shown in FIG. 4 was manufactured to detect ethylene. The change in the current value was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the introduction destination of the sample gas containing 10 ppm of ethylene was switched. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the response characteristics of the sensor according to Example 3 to ethylene.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the response unit 130.
- the switching device 410 is switched so that the sample gas bypasses the first reaction unit 110 and is introduced into the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130, and at 1000 seconds, the clean air and the sample gas are separated.
- the sample gas (A in the figure) was passed through the second reaction unit 120 for 300 seconds after switching, a decrease in the current value was observed. This is due to the influence of a minute change in humidity due to the switching operation, and the increase / decrease in the current value is different from the response to ethylene in Example 1, and it can be processed as a background signal.
- the sample gas was switched to the clean atmosphere and the clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow for 700 seconds, recovery was confirmed in the response of the sensor. This was repeated a total of 3 times, and it was found that the response was reproducible.
- the alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention does not detect an alkene when it bypasses the first reaction unit.
- Example 4 In Example 4, a third reaction unit 510 (FIG. 5) that reacts with alcohol to generate aldehyde and / or ketone is attached to the aldehyde detection gas sensor manufactured in Example 3, and the aldehyde detection gas sensor shown in FIG. 5 is manufactured. Ethylene was detected.
- a glass tube was filled with 200 mg of V 2 O 5- TiO 2 powder, and glass wool was packed at both ends to form a third reaction section 510.
- the change in the current value was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the introduction destination of the sample gas containing 10 ppm of ethylene was switched. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the response characteristics of the sensor according to Example 4 to ethylene.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the response unit 130.
- the switching device 410 is switched so that the sample gas bypasses the first reaction unit 110 and is introduced into the third reaction unit 510, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130.
- the gas introduced into the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 was switched from the clean gas to the sample gas (A in the figure) and held for 300 seconds, a decrease in the current value was observed. This was due to the influence of a slight change in humidity due to the switching operation, and the increase / decrease in the current value was opposite to the response to ethylene in Example 1.
- V 2 O 5- TiO 2 does not have the ability to convert ethylene to acetaldehyde.
- the first reaction unit 110 needs to contain at least palladium.
- Example 5 ethanol was detected using the alkene detection gas sensor (FIG. 5) manufactured in Example 4.
- the method of preparing the sample gas will be explained.
- An atmosphere containing 50% relative humidity and 500 ppm ethanol was prepared in a 5 L tedler bag.
- a sample gas of 500 ppm ethanol was prepared by collecting saturated vapor of ethanol with a syringe and adding it to a tedler bag containing 5 L of air (humidity 50%). The concentration of ethanol was confirmed with a detector tube (manufactured by Gastec, No. 112L).
- the response characteristics to ethanol were investigated.
- the sensor was exposed to clean air containing 50% humidity (flow rate 25 mL / min) for 1000 seconds to stabilize the response unit 130.
- the sample gas containing ethanol was introduced into the first reaction unit 110 of the sensor at a flow rate of 25 mL / min using a metering pump, and at 1000 seconds, the clean air and the sample gas were switched. It was held for 300 seconds and the change in the current value was measured.
- the clean air was then exposed to the second reaction section 120 and response section 130 for 700 seconds to recover the response. This process was repeated 3 times. The results are shown in the solid line in FIG.
- the switching device 410 is switched so that the sample gas bypasses the first reaction unit 110 and is introduced into the third reaction unit 510, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130, and ethanol is used in the same procedure.
- the response characteristics to The results are shown by the broken line in FIG.
- the switching device 410 is switched so that the sample gas bypasses the first reaction unit 110 and the third reaction unit 510 and is introduced into the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130, and ethanol is used in the same procedure.
- the response characteristics to The result is shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the response characteristics of the sensor according to Example 5 to ethanol.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the response unit 130. After that, when the sample gas (A in the figure) was passed for 300 seconds, a clear increase in the current value was observed. This is because ethanol was oxidized to acetaldehyde in the third reaction unit 510, and then acetaldehyde generated an acid in the second reaction unit 120, and the acid was detected in the response unit 130. Next, when the sample gas was switched to the clean atmosphere and the clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow for 700 seconds, recovery was confirmed in the response of the sensor. This was repeated a total of 3 times, and it was found that the response was reproducible.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the response unit 130. After that, when the sample gas (A in the figure) was passed for 300 seconds, a change in the current value was observed although it was smaller than the data shown by the broken line. This is because Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (3.37) has some oxidation property to ethanol, and ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde in the first reaction section 110, followed by the second reaction unit 110. This is because acetaldehyde generated an acid in the reaction unit 120 of the above, and the acid was detected in the response unit 130. Next, when the sample gas was switched to the clean atmosphere and the clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow for 700 seconds, recovery was confirmed in the response of the sensor. This was repeated a total of 3 times, and it was found that the response was reproducible.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the response unit 130. After that, when the sample gas (A in the figure) was passed for 300 seconds, a slight decrease in the current value was observed. This is due to switching operations, changes in humidity, physical adsorption of organic molecules, and the like. Next, when the sample gas was switched to the clean atmosphere and the clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow for 700 seconds, recovery was confirmed in the response of the sensor. This was repeated a total of 3 times, and it was found that the response was reproducible.
- the third reaction unit 510 that reacts with alcohol to generate aldehyde and / or ketone, the response by the alkene in the sample gas and the response by the alcohol in the sample gas can be distinguished, and the response by the alcohol in the sample gas can be distinguished. It was shown that it can detect alkenes.
- Example 6 In Example 6, acetaldehyde was detected using the alkene detection gas sensor (FIG. 4) manufactured in Example 3.
- the method of preparing the sample gas will be explained.
- An atmosphere containing 50% relative humidity and 10 ppm acetaldehyde was prepared in a 5 L tedler bag.
- saturated vapor of acetaldehyde was sampled by syringe and added to a tedler bag containing 5 L of air (humidity 50%) to prepare a sample gas of 1000 ppm acetaldehyde.
- the concentration of acetaldehyde was confirmed with a detector tube (manufactured by Gastec, No. 92M).
- the response characteristics to acetaldehyde were investigated.
- the sensor was exposed to clean air containing 50% humidity (flow rate 25 mL / min) for 1000 seconds to stabilize the response unit 130.
- a sample gas containing acetaldehyde was introduced into the first reaction section 110 of the sensor at a flow rate of 25 mL / min using a metering pump, and at 1000 seconds, the clean air and the sample gas were switched to 300 seconds. It was held and the change in current value was measured.
- the clean air was then exposed to the second reaction section 120 and response section 130 for 700 seconds to recover the response. This process was repeated 3 times. The results are shown in the solid line in FIG.
- the switching device 410 was switched so that the sample gas bypassed the first reaction unit 110 and was introduced into the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130, and the response characteristics to acetaldehyde were examined by the same procedure. The results are shown by the broken line in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the response characteristics of the sensor according to Example 6 to acetaldehyde.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the response unit 130. After that, when the sample gas (A in the figure) was passed for 300 seconds, an increase in the current value was observed. This is because acetaldehyde passed through the first reaction unit 110, then acetaldehyde generated an acid in the second reaction unit 120, and the acid was detected in the response unit 130. Next, when the sample gas was switched to the clean atmosphere and the clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow for 700 seconds, recovery was confirmed in the response of the sensor. This was repeated a total of 3 times, and it was found that the response was reproducible.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the response unit 130. After that, when the sample gas (A in the figure) was passed for 300 seconds, an increase in the current value was observed. This is because acetaldehyde generated an acid in the second reaction unit 120, and the acid was detected in the response unit 130. Then, when the sample gas was switched to a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) and allowed to flow for 700 seconds, recovery was confirmed in the sensor response. This was repeated a total of 3 times, and it was found that the response was reproducible.
- the first reaction unit 110 responds to the alkene, but passes a carbonyl compound such as an aldehyde / ketone to the second reaction unit 120. It was found that they responded in the same way. On the other hand, it was found that the second reaction unit 120 responds to the carbonyl compound but not to the alkene.
- a carbonyl compound such as an aldehyde / ketone
- the response by the alkene in the sample gas and the response by the carbonyl compound in the sample gas can be distinguished and the alkene in the sample can be detected.
- Example 7 In Example 7, the response to toluene, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, deuterated chloroform, and methane was examined using the aldehyde detection gas sensor of Example 1 (FIG. 9). Toluene, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, deuterated chloroform, and methane used here have functional groups that are chemically expected not to generate an acid even when they act on the first reaction section 110 and the second reaction section 120. This is an example of a compound containing. Since commercially available chloroform contains ethanol as a stabilizer, deuterated chloroform for NMR measurement, which does not contain ethanol, was used in this example.
- An atmosphere having a relative humidity of 50% containing 120 ppm of toluene, 600 ppm of acetonitrile, 800 ppm of tetrahydrofuran, 1020 ppm of chloroform, or 1000 ppm of methane in a 5 L tedler bag was prepared.
- the sample gas containing toluene, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform was generated by the diffusion tube method, and the concentration was calculated from the weight loss of the solvent.
- the sample gas containing methane was prepared in the same manner as ethylene described in Example 1. Using the sample gas prepared in this way, the change in the current value was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the response characteristics of the sensor according to Example 7 to toluene, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, deuterated chloroform, and methane.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the sensor 900.
- a decrease in the current value was observed. This is a response associated with a switching operation or physical adsorption of a molecule to a semiconductor material, which is the opposite of the response seen in alkenes.
- the sample gas was switched to the clean atmosphere and the clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow for 700 seconds, recovery was confirmed in the response of the sensor. This was repeated a total of 3 times, and it was found that the response was reproducible.
- the senor of the present invention responds to compounds that do not generate acid even when acted on the first reaction unit 110 and the second reaction unit 120 (for example, toluene, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, deuterated chloroform, methane). It was shown that advanced detection of alkenes is possible.
- Example 8 the aldehyde detection gas sensor of Example 1 (FIG. 9) was used to detect alkenes contained in the oxygen-free inert gas.
- a 5 L tedler bag was adjusted to 50% relative humidity and nitrogen containing ethylene (10 ppm).
- 5 mL of pure ethylene was collected from a push tube (manufactured by GL Science) with a syringe and added to a tedler bag containing 5 L of nitrogen to prepare 1000 ppm of sample gas.
- 1000 ppm of sample gas was taken with a 50 mL syringe and added to a 5 L tedler bag to prepare 10 ppm of sample gas.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the response characteristics of the sensor according to Example 8 to ethylene.
- Clean nitrogen (B in the figure) was passed from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the sensor 900. After that, when the sample gas (A in the figure) was passed for 300 seconds, a clear increase in the current value was observed. This is because ethylene in nitrogen is oxidized to acetaldehyde by the first reaction unit 110, these acetaldehyde generate an acid by the second reaction unit 120, and the acid is detected in the response unit 130. Next, when the sample gas was switched to clean nitrogen and clean nitrogen (B in the figure) was allowed to flow for 700 seconds, recovery was confirmed in the response of the sensor. This was repeated a total of 3 times, and it was found that the response was reproducible. Under this measurement condition, it is understood that V 2 O 5 contained in Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 in the first reaction unit 110 functions as an oxidizing agent.
- the alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention can detect alkene in an inert atmosphere containing no oxygen.
- Example 9 the aldehyde detection gas sensor (FIG. 4) manufactured in Example 3 was used to detect ethylene using only the sample gas containing ethylene without using the clean air containing ethylene.
- the change in the current value was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the introduction destination of the sample gas containing 10 ppm of ethylene was switched. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the response characteristics of the sensor according to Example 9 to ethylene.
- the switching device 410 is switched so that the sample gas bypasses the first reaction unit 110 and is introduced into the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130, and the sample gas is exposed to the second reaction unit 120 for 2000 seconds. (B in the figure), the response unit 130 was stabilized. Since it bypasses the first reaction section 110, ethylene is not converted to acetaldehyde and no response is seen.
- the switching device 410 is switched so that the sample gas is introduced into the first reaction unit 110, the second reaction unit 120, and the response unit 130, and the sample gas (A in the figure) is 300. Shed for a second. As a result, an increase (increase) in the current value was observed in the response unit 130. This is because ethylene was converted to acetaldehyde in the first reaction unit 110, then acetaldehyde generated an acid in the second reaction unit 120, and the acid was detected in the response unit 130.
- the switching device 410 is switched so that the sample gas bypasses the first reaction unit 110 and is introduced into the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130, and the sample gas (B in the figure) is second.
- the sample gas B in the figure
- Example 10 the alkene detection gas sensor 1900 shown in FIG. 19 was manufactured to detect ethylene.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing an alkene detection gas sensor according to Example 10.
- Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (6.67) was used as the palladium catalyst 140 contained in the first reaction unit 110, and O-benzylhydroxylammonium was used as the hydroxylamine salts 150 contained in the second reaction unit 120.
- Hydrochloride (NH 2 OCH 2 Ph ⁇ HCl) was used, and Purified SWCNT (PT200) manufactured by NanoC of the United States was used as the semiconductor material 180 contained in the response unit 130.
- the first reaction unit 110 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a procedure for producing the second reaction part according to Example 10.
- O-benzylhydroxylammonium hydrochloride manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd.
- a type in which a solid powder of hydroxylamine salts was sandwiched and encapsulated in a porous filter was adopted.
- PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
- vinyl chloride vinyl tape manufactured by Scotch
- a hydrophobic membrane filter manufactured by Advantec, pore diameter 0.2 micrometer, T020A047A was attached, and the holes of the vinyl tape were filled without gaps.
- Two sets of the constituents consisting of this vinyl tape and a hydrophobic membrane filter were prepared, and powder of O-benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride was placed on one of the hydrophobic membrane filter sites (the side without the adhesive surface of the vinyl tape).
- the response unit 130 was constructed as follows. SWCNT (21.9 mg) was suspended in 29.1 mL of o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB). The suspension was sonicated at room temperature for 30 minutes. The resulting suspension (approximately 0.5 mL) was diluted 10-fold with o-DCB and sonicated at room temperature for an additional 30 minutes to give o-DCB containing 0.1 mg / mL SWCNT. It was. The SWCNTs were dispersed and no visual agglomerates of SWCNTs were observed. Approximately 1 microliter was drop cast onto the comb electrode and dried to remove o-DCB.
- o-DCB o-dichlorobenzene
- the electric resistance value was measured by an electric resistance meter, it was in the range of 30-80 k ⁇ .
- the electric resistance value was adjusted to about 150 k ⁇ , and the resistance value of the sensor was unified.
- the second reaction unit 120 was 0.2 mm thick, was installed on the response unit 130 with a spacer made of a vinyl tape material sandwiched between them, and was housed in the sensor chamber 920.
- Gas tubes were connected to both ends of the glass tube to allow gas to flow.
- a glass tube filled with Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (6.67) was placed in an electric oven 910.
- Two gas tubes connected to both ends of the above-mentioned glass tube were taken out from the window of the electric oven 910, and the sample gas was introduced into the above-mentioned glass tube from one of the gas tubes.
- the sample gas after reacting with the first reaction unit 110 was sent to the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130 described above through the tube on the outlet side.
- the experiment was conducted at room temperature (20 ° C.) without heating in the electric oven 910.
- Example 10 the switching between the clean gas and the sample gas was performed in front of the first reaction unit 110 as shown in FIG. Therefore, it takes time for the gas to pass through the first reaction unit 110 and reach the second reaction unit 120 and the response unit 130, and it should be noted that there is a time difference between the gas switching operation and the sensor response. I want to be. The time difference depends on the length of the flow path and the flow velocity of the sample gas.
- the change in current value is the same as in Example 1 except that a clean air containing 65% relative humidity, a sample gas containing 65% relative humidity and 10 ppm ethylene, and an applied voltage of 1.0 V are used for the response unit 130. It was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the response characteristics of the sensor according to Example 10 to ethylene.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the response unit 130.
- the sample gas (A in the figure) was passed for 500 seconds, an increase in the current value was confirmed. This is because ethylene is oxidized to acetaldehyde by the first reaction unit 110, acetaldehyde generates an acid by the second reaction unit 120, and the acid is detected in the response unit 130.
- the sample gas was switched to the clean atmosphere and the clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was maintained for up to 3000 seconds, recovery was observed in the response of the sensor.
- the amount of palladium used for the first reaction unit 110 has a degree of freedom
- the first reaction unit 110 can be used at room temperature
- the second reaction unit 110 It was shown that powdered hydroxylamine salts (NH 2 OR) can be used for 120, and that a carbon material different from that of Example 1 can be used in the response unit 130.
- Example 11 In Example 11, in the alkene detection gas sensor shown in FIG. 19, Pd-V 2 O 5- TiO 2 (0.84) is used as the palladium catalyst 140 contained in the first reaction unit 110, and the second reaction unit 120 is used. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH 2 OH ⁇ HCl) was used as the hydroxylamine salts 150 contained in, and poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) was used as the semiconductor material 180 contained in the response unit 130. , An alkene detection gas sensor was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 10 to detect ethylene. The first reaction unit 110 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Hydroxylamine hydrochloride was added to methanol until saturated.
- One drop of the supernatant solution was drop-cast onto a hydrophilic PTFE membrane filter (Omnipore manufactured by Merck Millipore, pore size 0.2 ⁇ m, JGWP04700).
- Methanol was dried in the air, and rectangular small pieces having a width of 6 mm and a length of 3 mm were cut out with scissors to produce a second reaction section 120.
- the amount of hydroxylamine hydrochloride supported on the second reaction section 120 was estimated to be about 0.5 mg.
- the second reaction unit 120 was 0.2 mm thick, was installed on the response unit 130 with a spacer made of a vinyl tape material sandwiched between them, and was housed in the sensor chamber 920.
- the change in the current value was measured in the same manner as in Example 10 except that a clean atmosphere containing 58% relative humidity and a sample gas containing 58% relative humidity and 10 ppm ethylene were used. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the response characteristics of the sensor according to Example 11 to ethylene.
- a clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was allowed to flow from the start of measurement to 1000 seconds to stabilize the current value of the response unit 130. After that, when the sample gas (A in the figure) was passed for 500 seconds, an increase in the current value was confirmed. This is because ethylene is oxidized to acetaldehyde by the first reaction unit 110, acetaldehyde generates an acid by the second reaction unit 120, and the acid is detected in the response unit 130. Then, when the sample gas was switched to the clean atmosphere and the clean atmosphere (B in the figure) was maintained for up to 4000 seconds, recovery was observed in the response of the sensor.
- the alkene detection gas sensor of the present invention and the system using the alkene detection gas sensor can selectively and highly sensitively detect an alkene by changing the electric resistance value. Since the sensor and system are small and can constantly monitor the alkene, they function as a detection gas sensor for detecting the alkene and controlling the concentration. Small sensors and systems that can constantly monitor the plant hormone ethylene can be useful for managing the ripening, storage, and transportation of fruits and vegetables.
- Alkene detection gas sensor 110 1st reaction part 120 2nd reaction part 130 Response part 140 Palladium catalyst 150 Hydroxylamine salts 160 Substrate 170 Electrode 180 Semiconductor material 190 Spacer 410 Switching device 510 Third reaction unit 610 First flow path 620 Second flow path 630 Third flow path 640 Fourth flow path 700, 800 Alkene detection system 710 Detection means 720 Power supply 810 Control means 910 Electric oven 920 Sensor room
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Abstract
Description
前記アルケンがエチレンであってもよい。
前記パラジウム触媒は、金属パラジウム(Pd)又はパラジウムイオン(Pd2+)を無機固体物に担持させた固体触媒であってもよい。
前記無機固体物は、V2O5-TiO2、CeO2-TiO2、V2O5-CeO2、V2O5-ゼオライト、CeO2-ゼオライト、V2O5-SiO2、CeO2-SiO2、V2O5-Al2O3、CeO2-Al2O3、Cu2O-TiO2、Cu2O-TiO2、CuO-TiO2、Cu2O-ゼオライト、Cu2O-SiO2、CuO-ゼオライト、CuO-SiO2、Cu2O-Al2O3、CuO-Al2O3、V2O5-シリカアルミナ、CeO2-シリカアルミナ、Cu2O-シリカアルミナ、CuO-シリカアルミナ、V2O5-ZnO、CeO2-ZnO、Cu2O-ZnO、CuO-ZnO、V2O5-ZrO2、CeO2-ZrO2、Cu2O-ZrO2、CuO-ZrO2、V2O5-WO3、CeO2-WO3、Cu2O-WO3、及び、CuO-WO3からなる群から少なくとも1種選択されてもよい。
前記固体触媒が、下記一般式(1)で表されてもよい。
(Pd+Pd2+)x(V2O5)y(TiO2)z・・・(1)
式(1)中のx、y、及びzはそれぞれ、0.0001≦x≦0.1、0.001≦y≦0.5、0.40≦z≦0.998、x+y+z=1を満たす数である。
前記第1の反応部は、前記固体触媒が収容されたカラムを備え、前記試料ガスは、前記カラムに導入されてもよい。
前記固体触媒は粉末であり、前記固体触媒は、紙、セルロース、疎水性ポリマー、親水性ポリマー、多孔質ガラス、ガラスファイバー、多孔質炭素材料、及び、多孔質酸化物からなる群から選択される多孔質材料に担持又は内包されてもよい。
前記ヒドロキシルアミン塩類は、ヒドロキシルアミン(NH2OH)又はヒドロキシルアミン誘導体(NH2OR、ただし、Rは、芳香族、環式又は非環式の炭化水素化合物、又は、それらの誘導体である)をハロゲン化水素、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸、ホウ酸及びトリフルオロ酢酸からなる群から選択される酸によって中和して得られる塩であってもよい。
前記ヒドロキシルアミン塩類は、多孔質フィルターに内包されてもよい。
前記多孔質フィルターは、紙、セルロース、疎水性ポリマー、親水性ポリマー、多孔質ガラス、ガラスファイバー、多孔質炭素材料、及び、多孔質酸化物からなる群から選択されてもよい。
前記第2の反応部と前記応答部との間にスペーサを有してもよい。
前記第1の反応部と前記第2の反応部との間にスペーサを有してもよい。
前記半導体材料は、炭素材料であってもよい。
前記炭素材料は、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノホーン、グラフェン、フラーレン、及び、それらの誘導体からなる群から選択されてもよい。
前記カーボンナノチューブは、半導体型単層カーボンナノチューブと金属型カーボンナノチューブとの混合物であって、金属型カーボンナノチューブに対する半導体型単層カーボンナノチューブの含有量比が2よりも大きくてもよい。
前記第1の反応部を加熱する加熱装置をさらに備えてもよい。
前記第1の反応部の前段に位置し、前記試料ガスを加湿する加湿装置をさらに備えてもよい。
前記試料ガスの導入先を切り替える切替装置をさらに備え、前記切替装置は、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するか、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部に導入することなく前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するか、又は、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部及び前記第2の反応部に導入することなく前記応答部に導入するかを切り替えてもよい。
少なくとも酸化剤又は酸化触媒を含有し、アルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部、及び、前記試料ガスの導入先を切り替える切替装置をさらに備え、前記切替装置は、前記試料ガスを前記第3の反応部に導入することなく、前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するか、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部及び前記第3の反応部に導入することなく前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するか、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部及び前記第3の反応部に導入することなく前記応答部に導入するか、又は、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部に導入することなく前記第3の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するかを切り替えてもよい。
少なくとも酸化剤又は酸化触媒を含有し、アルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部をさらに備え、直列に接続された前記第1の反応部と前記第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第1の反応部に導入される第1流路と、直列に接続された前記第3の反応部と前記第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第3の反応部に導入される第2流路と、直列に接続された第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第2の反応部に導入される第3流路と、前記応答部を有し、前記試料ガスが前記応答部に導入される第4流路と、を備えてもよい。
前記酸化剤又は酸化触媒は、少なくともV2O5を含んでもよい。
本発明による試料ガス中のアルケンを検知するアルケン検知ガスセンサと、検出手段とを備えるアルケン検知システムは、前記アルケン検知ガスセンサが、上述のアルケン検知ガスセンサであり、前記検出手段は、前記アルケン検知ガスセンサからの電気抵抗値の変化を検出し、これにより上記課題を解決する。
前記アルケン検知ガスセンサ及び前記検出手段の動作を制御する制御手段をさらに備えてもよい。
前記アルケン検知ガスセンサは、前記試料ガスの導入先を切り替える切替装置をさらに備えてもよい。
前記アルケン検知ガスセンサは、少なくとも酸化剤又は酸化触媒を含有し、アルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部をさらに備え、前記制御手段は、前記切替装置の動作を制御することにより、前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記第3の反応部及び前記応答部の接続状態を制御し、少なくとも2以上の異なる接続状態を選択し、前記選択された少なくとも2以上の異なる接続状態のそれぞれで測定された前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、前記入手した前記電気抵抗値の変化を比較し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンを検知してもよい。
前記制御手段は、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記第1の反応部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部及び前記第2の反応部に導入することなく前記応答部に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記応答部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、前記電気抵抗値の変化を比較し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンによる応答と温湿度変化及び/又は酸蒸気による応答とを区別し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンを検知してもよい。
前記制御手段は、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記第1の反応部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部に導入することなく前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記第2の反応部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、前記電気抵抗値の変化を比較し、前記試料ガスのアルケンによる応答と前記試料ガスのアルデヒド及び/又はケトンによる応答とを区別し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンを検知してもよい。
前記アルケン検知ガスセンサは、少なくとも酸化剤又は酸化触媒を含有し、アルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部をさらに備え、前記制御手段は、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記第1の反応部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部に導入することなく前記第3の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記第3の反応部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、前記電気抵抗値の変化を比較し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンによる応答と前記試料ガス中のアルコールによる応答とを区別し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンを検知してもよい。
前記アルケン検知ガスセンサは、少なくとも酸化剤又は酸化触媒を含有し、アルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部をさらに備え、直列に接続された前記第1の反応部と前記第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第1の反応部に導入される第1流路と、直列に接続された前記第3の反応部と前記第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第3の反応部に導入される第2流路と、直列に接続された第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第2の反応部に導入される第3流路と、前記応答部を有し、前記試料ガスが前記応答部に導入される第4流路と、を備えてもよい。前記制御手段は、前記試料ガスが前記第1流路に導入された際の前記第1流路の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、前記試料ガスが前記第2流路に導入された際の前記第2流路の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、前記試料ガスが前記第3流路に導入された際の前記第3流路の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、前記試料ガスが前記第4流路に導入された際の前記第4流路の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、前記電気抵抗値の変化を比較し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンによる応答と、前記試料ガスの温湿度変化及び/又は酸蒸気による応答と、前記試料ガス中のアルデヒド及び/又はケトンによる応答と、前記試料ガス中のアルコールによる応答とを区別し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンを検知してもよい。
実施の形態1では、本発明のアルケン検知ガスセンサ及びその動作について説明する。
図1は、本発明のアルケン検知ガスセンサを示すブロック図である。
パラジウム触媒は、均一系(溶液系)及び不均一系(固体系)のパラジウム触媒が採用可能であるが、パラジウムイオン(Pd2+)又は金属パラジウム(Pd(0))を無機固体物に担持した不均一系触媒(固相触媒)が、センサとしての取り扱いに優れ、パラジウム触媒とアルケンの接触効率を向上させる上で好ましい。
パラジウム触媒を含む第1の反応部110は、試料ガス中に含まれるアルケンをアルデヒド及び/又はケトンへと酸化する。アルケンの酸化に関わる基質は、例示的には、酸素(O2)と水(H2O)である。前述の基質が酸素と水である場合には、大気成分から容易に入手できるため望ましい。
CH3CHO+NH2OH・HCl→CH3CH=NOH+H2O+HCl
電気抵抗値の相対変化量(%)=(Rt-R0)/R0×100
第1流路610は、直列に接続された、第1の反応部110と、第2の反応部120-1と、応答部130-1とを有し、試料ガスが第1の反応部110に導入される。
第2流路620は、直列に接続された、第3の反応部510と、第2の反応部120-2と、応答部130-2とを有し、試料ガスが第3の反応部510に導入される。
第3流路630は、直列に接続された、第2の反応部120-3と、応答部130-3とを有し、試料ガスが第2の反応部120-3に導入される。
第4流路640は、応答部130-4を有し、応答部130-4に試料ガスが導入される。
実施の形態2では、実施の形態1で説明した本発明のアルケン検知ガスセンサを用いたシステムについて説明する。
試料ガスがセンサ100~300に導入されると、試料ガスがアルケンを含有する場合、上述したように、センサ100~300の応答部130において電気抵抗値の変化が生じる。検出手段710は、応答部130で生じた電気抵抗値の変化を検出する。このようにして、試料ガス中にアルケンが存在することを検知できる。
ここでは、システム800がアルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部510(図5、図6)を備えるセンサ500、600を用いた場合を説明する。
異なる接続状態とは、例えば、第1の反応部110と第2の反応部120と応答部130とを順に接続する第1の接続状態、第3の反応部510と第2の反応部120と応答部130とを順に接続する第2接続状態、第2の反応部120と応答部130とを順に接続する第3接続状態、及び応答部130のみに接続する第4接続状態とがある。
少なくとも2以上の異なる接続状態では、第1の接続状態が必ず選択され、第2~第4の接続状態の少なくとも1以上が選択される。
本発明のシステム800がセンサ400を備えている場合の動作原理を説明する。
(制御1)制御手段810は、試料ガスを第1の反応部110(図4)、第2の反応部120(図4)、応答部130(図4)の順に導入するよう切替装置410(図4)を制御し、この際の応答部130からの電気抵抗値の変化を検出手段710から入手する。
(制御2)制御手段810は、試料ガスを第1の反応部110に導入することなく第2の反応部120、応答部130の順に導入するよう切替装置410を制御し、この際の応答部130からの電気抵抗値の変化を検出手段710から入手する。なお、入手したデータを内部メモリ(図示せず)等に格納してもよい。
(制御3)制御手段810は、試料ガスを第1の反応部110及び第2の反応部120に導入することなく応答部130に導入するよう切替装置410を制御し、この際の応答部130からの電気抵抗値の変化を検出手段710から入手する。
(制御1)制御手段810は、試料ガスを第1の反応部110(図5)、第2の反応部120(図5)、応答部130(図5)の順に導入するよう切替装置410を制御し、この際の応答部130からの電気抵抗値の変化を検出手段710から入手する。
(制御4)制御手段810は、試料ガスを第1の反応部110に導入することなく第3の反応部510、第2の反応部120、応答部130の順に導入するよう切替装置410を制御し、この際の応答部130からの電気抵抗値の変化を検出手段710から入手する。
(制御5)制御手段810は、試料ガスが第1流路610(図6)に導入された際の応答部130-1(図6)からの電気抵抗値の変化を検出手段710から入手する。
(制御6)制御手段810は、試料ガスが第2流路620(図6)に導入された際の応答部130-2(図6)からの電気抵抗値の変化を検出手段710から入手する。
(制御7)制御手段810は、試料ガスが第3流路630(図6)に導入された際の応答部130-3(図6)からの電気抵抗値の変化を検出手段710から入手する。
(制御8)制御手段810は、試料ガスが第4流路(図6)に導入された際の応答部130-4(図6)からの電気抵抗値の変化を検出手段710から入手する。
以降の例で用いた試薬及び材料について説明する。試薬は、特に記載のない限りは、精製することなく、そのまま使用した。ヒドロキシルアミン塩類としては、次式に示す2種を用い、東京化成工業株式会社から購入した。
例1では、図9Aおよび図9Bに示すアルケン検知ガスセンサ900を製造し、エチレンの検知を行った。
図9Aは、例1によるアルケン検知ガスセンサ(清浄ガス導入時)を示す模式図である。
図9Bは、例1によるアルケン検知ガスセンサ(試料ガス導入時)を示す模式図である。
例2では、例1のアルデヒド検知ガスセンサ(図9)を用い、他のアルケンである、1-ヘキセンの検知を行った。1-ヘキセンを860ppm含む試料ガスを用い、例1と同様にして電流値の変化を測定した。結果を図11に示す。
例3では、例1で製造したアルデヒド検知ガスセンサに切替装置410(図4)を取り付け、図4に示すアルデヒド検知ガスセンサを製造し、エチレンの検知を行った。エチレンを10ppm含む試料ガスの導入先の切り替えを行った以外は、例1と同様にして電流値の変化を測定した。結果を図12に示す。
例4では、例3で製造したアルデヒド検知ガスセンサにアルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部510(図5)を取り付け、図5に示すアルデヒド検知ガスセンサを製造し、エチレンの検知を行った。
例5では、例4で製造したアルケン検知ガスセンサ(図5)を用いて、エタノールの検知を行った。
例6では、例3で製造したアルケン検知ガスセンサ(図4)を用いて、アセトアルデヒドの検知を行った。
例7では、例1のアルデヒド検知ガスセンサ(図9)を用い、トルエン、アセトニトリル、テトラヒドロフラン、重クロロホルム、メタンへの応答を調べた。ここで用いた、トルエン、アセトニトリル、テトラヒドロフラン、重クロロホルム、メタンは、第1の反応部110及び第2の反応部120に作用させても、酸を発生しないと化学的に予想される官能基を含む化合物の例である。なお、市販のクロロホルムはエタノールを安定剤として含んでいるため、本例ではエタノールを含まないNMR測定用の重クロロホルムを用いた。
例8では、例1のアルデヒド検知ガスセンサ(図9)を用い、酸素を含まない不活性ガス中に含まれるアルケンの検知を行った。
例9では、例3で製造したアルデヒド検知ガスセンサ(図4)を用いて、エチレンを含まない清浄大気は用いず、エチレンを含む試料ガスのみを用いて、エチレンの検知を行った。エチレンを10ppm含む試料ガスの導入先の切り替えを行った以外は、例1と同様にして電流値の変化を測定した。結果を図18に示す。
例10では、図19に示すアルケン検知ガスセンサ1900を製造し、エチレンの検知を行った。
図19は、例10によるアルケン検知ガスセンサを示す模式図である。
例11では、図19に示すアルケン検知ガスセンサにおいて、第1の反応部110に含まれるパラジウム触媒140として、Pd-V2O5-TiO2(0.84)を用い、第2の反応部120に含まれるヒドロキシルアミン塩類150としてヒドロキシルアミン塩酸塩(NH2OH・HCl)を用い、応答部130に含まれる半導体材料180としてポリ(3-ヘキシルチオフェン-2,5-ジイル)を用いた以外は、例10と同様にしてアルケン検知ガスセンサを製造し、エチレンの検知を行った。第1の反応部110は、例1と同様にして構築した。
110 第1の反応部
120 第2の反応部
130 応答部
140 パラジウム触媒
150 ヒドロキシルアミン塩類
160 基板
170 電極
180 半導体材料
190 スペーサ
410 切替装置
510 第3の反応部
610 第1流路
620 第2流路
630 第3流路
640 第4流路
700、800 アルケン検知システム
710 検出手段
720 電源
810 制御手段
910 電気オーブン
920 センサ室
Claims (29)
- 試料ガス中のアルケンを検知するアルケン検知ガスセンサであって、
パラジウム触媒を含有し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンを酸化してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンに変換する第1の反応部と、
ヒドロキシルアミン塩類を含有し、前記第1の反応部で変換されたアルデヒド及び/又はケトンと反応して酸を発生させる第2の反応部と、
前記発生した酸によって電気抵抗値が変化する半導体材料を担持した電極を備える応答部と
を備え、
前記パラジウム触媒と前記ヒドロキシルアミン塩類と前記半導体材料とは離隔されている、アルケン検知ガスセンサ。 - 前記アルケンがエチレンである、請求項1に記載のセンサ。
- 前記パラジウム触媒は、金属パラジウム(Pd)又はパラジウムイオン(Pd2+)を無機固体物に担持させた固体触媒である、請求項1又は2に記載のセンサ。
- 前記無機固体物は、V2O5-TiO2、CeO2-TiO2、V2O5-CeO2、V2O5-ゼオライト、CeO2-ゼオライト、V2O5-SiO2、CeO2-SiO2、V2O5-Al2O3、CeO2-Al2O3、Cu2O-TiO2、Cu2O-TiO2、CuO-TiO2、Cu2O-ゼオライト、Cu2O-SiO2、CuO-ゼオライト、CuO-SiO2、Cu2O-Al2O3、CuO-Al2O3、V2O5-シリカアルミナ、CeO2-シリカアルミナ、Cu2O-シリカアルミナ、CuO-シリカアルミナ、V2O5-ZnO、CeO2-ZnO、Cu2O-ZnO、CuO-ZnO、V2O5-ZrO2、CeO2-ZrO2、Cu2O-ZrO2、CuO-ZrO2、V2O5-WO3、CeO2-WO3、Cu2O-WO3、及び、CuO-WO3からなる群から少なくとも1種選択される、請求項3に記載のセンサ。
- 前記固体触媒が、下記一般式(1)で表される、請求項4に記載のセンサ。
(Pd+Pd2+)x(V2O5)y(TiO2)z・・・(1)
式(1)中のx、y、及びzはそれぞれ、0.0001≦x≦0.1、0.001≦y≦0.5、0.40≦z≦0.998、x+y+z=1を満たす数である。 - 前記第1の反応部は、前記固体触媒が収容されたカラムを備え、
前記試料ガスは、前記カラムに導入される、請求項3~5のいずれかに記載のセンサ。 - 前記固体触媒は粉末であり、
前記固体触媒は、紙、セルロース、疎水性ポリマー、親水性ポリマー、多孔質ガラス、ガラスファイバー、多孔質炭素材料、及び、多孔質酸化物からなる群から選択される多孔質材料に担持又は内包されている、請求項3~6のいずれかに記載のセンサ。 - 前記ヒドロキシルアミン塩類は、ヒドロキシルアミン(NH2OH)又はヒドロキシルアミン誘導体(NH2OR、ただし、Rは、芳香族、環式又は非環式の炭化水素化合物、又は、それらの誘導体である)をハロゲン化水素、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸、ホウ酸及びトリフルオロ酢酸からなる群から選択される酸によって中和して得られる塩である、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のセンサ。
- 前記ヒドロキシルアミン塩類は、多孔質フィルターに内包されている、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のセンサ。
- 前記多孔質フィルターは、紙、セルロース、疎水性ポリマー、親水性ポリマー、多孔質ガラス、ガラスファイバー、多孔質炭素材料、及び、多孔質酸化物からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載のセンサ。
- 前記第2の反応部と前記応答部との間にスペーサを有する、請求項9又は10に記載のセンサ。
- 前記第1の反応部と前記第2の反応部との間にスペーサを有する、請求項7、9~11のいずれかに記載のセンサ。
- 前記半導体材料は、炭素材料である、請求項1~12のいずれかに記載のセンサ。
- 前記炭素材料は、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノホーン、グラフェン、フラーレン、及び、それらの誘導体からなる群から選択される、請求項1~13のいずれかに記載のセンサ。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブは、半導体型単層カーボンナノチューブと金属型カーボンナノチューブとの混合物であって、金属型カーボンナノチューブに対する半導体型単層カーボンナノチューブの含有量比が2よりも大きい、請求項14に記載のセンサ。
- 前記第1の反応部を加熱する加熱装置をさらに備える、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載のセンサ。
- 前記第1の反応部の前段に位置し、前記試料ガスを加湿する加湿装置をさらに備える、請求項1~16のいずれかに記載のセンサ。
- 前記試料ガスの導入先を切り替える切替装置をさらに備え、
前記切替装置は、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するか、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部に導入することなく前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するか、又は、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部及び前記第2の反応部に導入することなく前記応答部に導入するかを切り替える、請求項1~17のいずれかに記載のセンサ。 - 少なくとも酸化剤又は酸化触媒を含有し、アルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部、及び、前記試料ガスの導入先を切り替える切替装置をさらに備え、
前記切替装置は、前記試料ガスを前記第3の反応部に導入することなく、前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するか、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部及び前記第3の反応部に導入することなく前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するか、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部及び前記第3の反応部に導入することなく前記応答部に導入するか、又は、前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部に導入することなく前記第3の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するかを切り替える、請求項1~17のいずれかに記載のセンサ。 - 少なくとも酸化剤又は酸化触媒を含有し、アルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部をさらに備え、
直列に接続された前記第1の反応部と前記第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第1の反応部に導入される第1流路と、
直列に接続された前記第3の反応部と前記第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第3の反応部に導入される第2流路と、
直列に接続された前記第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第2の反応部に導入される第3流路と、
前記応答部を有し、前記試料ガスが前記応答部に導入される第4流路と、を備える、請求項1~17のいずれかに記載のセンサ。 - 前記酸化剤又は酸化触媒は、少なくともV2O5を含む、請求項19又は20に記載のセンサ。
- 試料ガス中のアルケンを検知するアルケン検知ガスセンサと、検出手段とを備えるアルケン検知システムであって、
前記アルケン検知ガスセンサは、請求項1~17のいずれかに記載のアルケン検知ガスセンサであり、
前記検出手段は、前記アルケン検知ガスセンサからの電気抵抗値の変化を検出する、システム。 - 前記アルケン検知ガスセンサ及び前記検出手段の動作を制御する制御手段をさらに備える、
請求項22に記載のシステム。 - 前記アルケン検知ガスセンサは、前記試料ガスの導入先を切り替える切替装置をさらに備える、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 前記アルケン検知ガスセンサは、少なくとも酸化剤又は酸化触媒を含有し、アルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記切替装置の動作を制御することにより、前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記第3の反応部及び前記応答部の接続状態を制御し、少なくとも2以上の異なる接続状態を選択し、
前記選択された少なくとも2以上の異なる接続状態のそれぞれで測定された前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、
前記入手した前記電気抵抗値の変化を比較し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンを検知する、請求項24に記載のシステム。 - 前記制御手段は、
前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記第1の反応部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、
前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部及び前記第2の反応部に導入することなく前記応答部に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記応答部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、
前記電気抵抗値の変化を比較し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンによる応答と温湿度変化及び/又は酸蒸気による応答とを区別し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンを検知する、請求項24又は25に記載のシステム。 - 前記制御手段は、
前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記第1の反応部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、
前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部に導入することなく前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記第2の反応部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、
前記電気抵抗値の変化を比較し、前記試料ガスのアルケンによる応答と前記試料ガスのアルデヒド及び/又はケトンによる応答とを区別し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンを検知する、請求項24~26のいずれか記載のシステム。 - 前記アルケン検知ガスセンサは、少なくとも酸化剤又は酸化触媒を含有し、アルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記第1の反応部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、
前記試料ガスを前記第1の反応部に導入することなく前記第3の反応部、前記第2の反応部、前記応答部の順に導入するよう前記切替装置を制御し、前記試料ガスが前記第3の反応部に導入された際の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、
前記電気抵抗値の変化を比較し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンによる応答と前記試料ガス中のアルコールによる応答とを区別し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンを検知する、請求項24~27のいずれかに記載のシステム。 - 前記アルケン検知ガスセンサは、
少なくとも酸化剤又は酸化触媒を含有し、アルコールと反応してアルデヒド及び/又はケトンを発生させる第3の反応部をさらに備え、
直列に接続された前記第1の反応部と前記第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第1の反応部に導入される第1流路と、
直列に接続された前記第3の反応部と前記第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第3の反応部に導入される第2流路と、
直列に接続された前記第2の反応部と前記応答部とを有し、前記試料ガスが前記第2の反応部に導入される第3流路と、
前記応答部を有し、前記試料ガスが前記応答部に導入される第4流路と、を備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記試料ガスが前記第1流路に導入された際の前記第1流路の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、
前記試料ガスが前記第2流路に導入された際の前記第2流路の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、
前記試料ガスが前記第3流路に導入された際の前記第3流路の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、
前記試料ガスが前記第4流路に導入された際の前記第4流路の前記応答部からの電気抵抗値の変化を前記検出手段から入手し、
前記電気抵抗値の変化を比較し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンによる応答と、前記試料ガスの温湿度変化及び/又は酸蒸気による応答と、前記試料ガス中のアルデヒド及び/又はケトンによる応答と、前記試料ガス中のアルコールによる応答とを区別し、前記試料ガス中のアルケンを検知する、請求項23に記載のシステム。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022239551A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-11-17 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | ガス検出装置 |
| JP2024011339A (ja) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-01-25 | 新東工業株式会社 | 匂い検知装置及び植物状態検知システム |
| KR20240068355A (ko) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-05-17 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 가스센서 및 그 제조 방법 |
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| WO2013184222A2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-12-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Ethylene sensor |
| JP2017521685A (ja) * | 2014-07-15 | 2017-08-03 | シー2センス, インコーポレイテッド | 増強した化学レジスタセンシングのための調製物 |
| WO2019049693A1 (ja) | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-14 | 国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構 | ホルムアルデヒド検知センサ、および、それを用いたシステム |
| JP2019109087A (ja) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-07-04 | キヤノン株式会社 | 還元性ガスセンサ |
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| JP4415116B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-05 | 2010-02-17 | 財団法人 総合科学研究機構 | 化学物質検出装置 |
| CN107907486A (zh) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-13 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | 一种利用氧化型传感器检测低浓度乙烯的方法 |
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2020
- 2020-10-16 JP JP2021555954A patent/JP7283671B2/ja active Active
- 2020-10-16 US US17/756,075 patent/US20220404303A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-10-16 EP EP20887237.4A patent/EP4063318A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-10-16 WO PCT/JP2020/039138 patent/WO2021095440A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| WO2013184222A2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-12-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Ethylene sensor |
| JP2017521685A (ja) * | 2014-07-15 | 2017-08-03 | シー2センス, インコーポレイテッド | 増強した化学レジスタセンシングのための調製物 |
| WO2019049693A1 (ja) | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-14 | 国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構 | ホルムアルデヒド検知センサ、および、それを用いたシステム |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022239551A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-11-17 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | ガス検出装置 |
| JPWO2022239551A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-11-17 | ||
| JP7591796B2 (ja) | 2021-05-12 | 2024-11-29 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | ガス検出装置 |
| JP2024011339A (ja) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-01-25 | 新東工業株式会社 | 匂い検知装置及び植物状態検知システム |
| KR20240068355A (ko) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-05-17 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 가스센서 및 그 제조 방법 |
| KR102804195B1 (ko) * | 2022-11-10 | 2025-05-07 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 가스센서 및 그 제조 방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2021095440A1 (ja) | 2021-05-20 |
| US20220404303A1 (en) | 2022-12-22 |
| JP7283671B2 (ja) | 2023-05-30 |
| EP4063318A4 (en) | 2024-03-27 |
| EP4063318A1 (en) | 2022-09-28 |
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