WO2021093036A1 - 一种免解体拆装电机轴承方法 - Google Patents

一种免解体拆装电机轴承方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021093036A1
WO2021093036A1 PCT/CN2019/121876 CN2019121876W WO2021093036A1 WO 2021093036 A1 WO2021093036 A1 WO 2021093036A1 CN 2019121876 W CN2019121876 W CN 2019121876W WO 2021093036 A1 WO2021093036 A1 WO 2021093036A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positioning member
rotor shaft
clamping
outer end
bearing assembly
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PCT/CN2019/121876
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
申政
王继邠
唐子谋
胡贵
汤黎明
曾纯
王一辉
王伟
槐孝纪
黄宏臣
杨敏
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中车株洲电机有限公司
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Application filed by 中车株洲电机有限公司 filed Critical 中车株洲电机有限公司
Priority to EP19952332.5A priority Critical patent/EP3975395A4/en
Publication of WO2021093036A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021093036A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/083—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/0006—Disassembling, repairing or modifying dynamo-electric machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2237/00—Repair or replacement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a method for disassembling and assembling motor bearings without disassembly.
  • the traction motor On main railway electric locomotives, industrial and mining electric locomotives, electric drive diesel locomotives and various electric vehicles, traction motors are commonly used for power drive.
  • the traction motor mainly includes a rotor and a stator, and its operating principle is the same as that of an ordinary motor.
  • a bearing In order to ensure that the rotor rotates smoothly and unimpeded, a bearing is installed on the rotor. The working status and maintenance requirements of each component on the vehicle are not the same, and the rotor bearing is the core stress component. In order to ensure the safety of the vehicle, the maintenance of the bearing is extremely critical. It must be tested or tested within the specified time or kilometers. replace.
  • the structural arrangement of the conventional traction motor leads to the disassembly of the bearing.
  • the motor must be disassembled to separate the stator and rotor, and then the bearing is pulled out from the bearing chamber to complete the inspection or replacement work.
  • the common practice in the prior art is to drop the motor back to the factory, use professional tools to disassemble the motor, separate the stator and rotor, and then pull out the bearing for inspection or replacement.
  • the entire disassembly cycle is long, the process is cumbersome, requires a specific site and special tooling, and the maintenance cost and maintenance resource consumption are large.
  • the above process cannot be simplified, which leads to a large time span for fault analysis and resolution, which is not conducive to the rapid resolution of the problem and the reduction of economic losses caused by the fault.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a disassembly-free disassembly and assembly method for motor bearings, which can realize disassembly-free disassembly and replacement of motor bearings, improve disassembly and replacement efficiency, and avoid rotor displacement during disassembly and replacement.
  • the present invention provides a method for disassembling and disassembling motor bearings without disassembly, including:
  • a number of mounting rods are inserted in each mounting hole on the end surface of the end cover along the axial direction, and the clamping positioning piece and the abutting positioning piece are sequentially installed on each of the mounting rods;
  • the outer end surface of the rotor shaft is pressed by the abutting positioning member for positioning, and the old bearing assembly mounted on the rotor shaft is pulled out in the axial direction until the clamping positioning member and the abutting member Between the positioning parts;
  • the method before inserting the mounting rod on the end surface of the end cover, the method further includes:
  • a process shaft for extending the operating space is axially connected to the outer end of the rotor shaft.
  • connecting a process shaft to the outer end of the rotor shaft specifically includes:
  • a threaded hole is opened along the axis position, and a threaded column is arranged on the inner end face of the process shaft along the shaft center position, and the process shaft is between the process shaft and the rotor shaft.
  • the detachable connection is realized through the cooperation of the threaded hole and the threaded column.
  • a mounting rod is inserted on the end surface of the end cover, which specifically includes:
  • mounting holes are defined along the circumference of the preset radius, and the mounting rods are inserted in the axial directions in each of the determined mounting holes, and at the same time, the mounting rods The end is screwed to the corresponding mounting hole.
  • each mounting rod which specifically includes:
  • the abutting positioning member is fixed at the current position by a fastener on the end of each of the mounting rods.
  • the clamping and releasing of the surface of the rotor shaft is realized by adjusting the clamping radius of the clamping and positioning member; when adjusting the abutting positioning member, by adjusting the The sliding distance of the abutting positioning member on each of the mounting rods realizes the abutment and separation of the outer end surface of the rotor shaft.
  • a force is applied to the outer end surface of the old bearing assembly or the new bearing assembly in the axial direction by the drive system .
  • the method further includes:
  • the method for disassembling and disassembling motor bearings mainly includes five steps.
  • a mounting rod is inserted along the axial direction in each mounting hole on the end surface of the opposite end cover, and then the mounting rod is inserted in each mounting hole on the end surface of the opposite end cover.
  • the clamping positioning piece and the abutting positioning piece are sequentially installed on each mounting rod, while keeping the abutting positioning piece on the outside and the clamping positioning piece on the inside.
  • the clamping positioning member and the abutting positioning member are installed, adjust the initial positions of the two on the mounting rod so that the surface of the abutting positioning member smoothly abuts against the outer end surface of the rotor shaft, and the Press to form axial positioning and circumferential positioning (when the axial compression force is large enough, the surface static friction can be used to achieve circumferential positioning at the same time); at this time, the clamping and positioning parts remain in their original shape. Then start to disassemble the old bearing assembly (including the old bearing and the old bearing seat). Since the clamping and positioning part keeps enough sliding space for the old bearing assembly in the natural state, the old bearing assembly installed on the inner end of the rotor shaft can be assembled first.
  • the piece is pulled out and slid between the clamping positioning piece and the abutting positioning piece.
  • the old bearing assembly cannot be pulled out directly.
  • adjust the abutment positioning member to disengage the outer end surface of the rotor shaft and leave enough sliding space for the old bearing assembly.
  • the old bearing assembly can be removed from the outer end of the rotor shaft. Pull out.
  • the new bearing assembly (including the new bearing and the new bearing seat) in the axial direction from the outer end of the rotor shaft until it is clamped between the positioning piece and the abutting positioning piece, and then first adjust the abutment Connect the positioning piece to re-press the outer end surface of the rotor shaft. After re-maintaining the axial and circumferential positioning, adjust the clamping positioning piece to loosen the rotor shaft while leaving enough space for the new bearing assembly to slide. Finally, in the fifth step, the new bearing assembly can be slid axially to the installation position on the rotor shaft to complete the disassembly and replacement of the motor bearing.
  • the method for disassembling and disassembling motor bearings uses clamping or positioning of the rotor shaft by clamping and positioning parts and abutting positioning parts, and uses the rotation between the two and the rotor shaft. Clamping and pressing, the removal of the old bearing assembly and the installation of the new bearing assembly are completed in a stable and orderly manner, and during the entire disassembly process, the rotor shaft is always clamped or compressed in position to avoid disassembly and replacement. The rotor is displaced during the process to ensure the accuracy of disassembly and replacement. Compared with the prior art, there is no need to disassemble the motor or separate the stator and the rotor. The process of the entire disassembly and replacement process is simple and easy, with high operating efficiency and saving disassembly and replacement. time.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a specific implementation manner provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the clamping positioning member and the abutting positioning member on the rotor shaft.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of pulling out the old bearing assembly between the clamping positioning part and the abutting positioning part.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of pulling out the old bearing assembly from the rotor shaft.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of installing the new bearing assembly between the clamping positioning part and the abutting positioning part.
  • Rotor shaft-1 Process shaft-2, abutment positioning part-3, clamping positioning part-4, mounting rod-5, fasteners-6;
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a specific implementation manner provided by the present invention.
  • the method for disassembling and disassembling motor bearings without disassembly mainly includes six steps, which are as follows:
  • a plurality of mounting rods 5 are inserted in each mounting hole 101 on the end surface of the end cover along the axial direction, and the clamping positioning member 4 and the abutting positioning member 3 are sequentially installed on each mounting rod 5;
  • step S1 the mounting rod 5 is inserted in each mounting hole 101 on the end surface of the opposite end cover along the axial direction, and then the clamping positioning member 4 and the abutting positioning member 3 are installed on each mounting rod 5. , While keeping the abutment positioning member 3 on the outside, and the clamping positioning member 4 on the inside.
  • the end face of the end cover is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and also perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotor shaft 1
  • each mounting hole 101 is generally opened horizontally, and is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the end face of the end cover, and is arranged in the radial direction. There are several layers of cloth.
  • a circle of mounting holes 101 distributed along the circumference can be determined on the end face of the end cover according to the preset radius requirements.
  • at least 4 can be selected at the same time, such as 4-8, etc., and then Mounting rods 5 are inserted into the selected mounting holes 101 respectively.
  • each mounting rod 5 may be threadedly connected with each mounting hole 101.
  • each mounting rod 5 can also be mounted on the end cover by forming a snap connection with each mounting hole 101.
  • the installation can be realized by sliding connection respectively.
  • a number of through holes can be opened in the circumferential direction of the clamping and positioning member 4, and the clamping and positioning member 4 can be installed on the mounting rod 5 through the cooperation of each through hole and the shaft hole of each mounting rod 5, and can be installed along the mounting rod 5.
  • the axial sliding position of the mounting rod 5 is adjusted to clamp the surface of the rotor shaft 1 at a predetermined position.
  • a plurality of through holes can also be opened in the circumferential direction of the abutting positioning member 3, and the sliding installation and position adjustment can also be realized through the cooperation of each through hole and each mounting rod 5.
  • a fastener 6 can also be provided on each mounting rod 5 at the same time to fix the installation position of the abutting positioning member 3, such as an adjusting nut Wait.
  • the installation position of the abutting positioning member 3 such as an adjusting nut Wait.
  • step S2 after the clamping positioning member 4 and the abutting positioning member 3 are installed, adjust the initial positions of the two on the mounting rod 5 so that the clamping positioning member 4 is aligned with the surface of the rotor shaft 1 and can be aligned smoothly.
  • the surface of the rotor shaft 1 forms a stable clamping, so as to form the axial and circumferential positioning of the rotor shaft 1.
  • the surface of the abutting positioning member 3 smoothly abuts against the outer end surface of the rotor shaft 1 and presses it tightly. Axial and circumferential positioning is formed (when the axial compression force is large enough, the surface static friction force can be used to achieve circumferential positioning at the same time).
  • the old bearing assembly a (including the old bearing and the old bearing seat) can be disassembled. First adjust the abutment positioning member 3 so that its surface is pressed against the outer end surface of the rotor shaft 1, and then pull out the old bearing assembly a installed on the inner end of the rotor shaft 1 and slide it to the clamping positioning member 4 and the abutment positioning Between pieces 3. At this time, the clamping and positioning member 4 remains in its natural state, and sufficient sliding space is maintained for the old bearing assembly a to ensure that the old bearing assembly a can pass the clamping and positioning member 4 smoothly.
  • step S3 since the abutment positioning member 3 is pressed tightly on the outer end surface of the rotor shaft 1, the old bearing assembly a cannot be directly pulled out.
  • the surface of the rotor shaft 1 is supported and fixed in the circumferential direction to prevent shaking during the pull-out operation.
  • the old bearing assembly a can be pulled out from the outer end of the rotor shaft 1.
  • step S4 slide the new bearing assembly b (including the new bearing and the new bearing seat) in the axial direction from the outer end of the rotor shaft 1 until it is clamped between the positioning member 4 and the abutting positioning member 3, and then First, adjust the abutment positioning member 3 so that it contacts the outer end surface of the rotor shaft 1 again. After maintaining the axial and circumferential positioning, adjust the clamping positioning member 4 to loosen the rotor shaft 1, while also leaving enough new bearings. Space where the assembly b slides.
  • step S6 the new bearing assembly b can be slid to the installation position on the rotor shaft 1 in the axial direction to complete the disassembly and replacement of the motor bearing.
  • the method for disassembling and disassembling motor bearings is to clamp or compress and position the rotor shaft 1 through the clamping positioning member 4 and the abutting positioning member 3, and use both and the rotor shaft Clamping and pressing alternately between 1 to complete the removal of the old bearing assembly a and the installation of the new bearing assembly b in a stable and orderly manner, and the rotor shaft 1 is always clamped or pressed during the entire disassembly process. Tight positioning, so as to avoid the displacement of the rotor during the disassembly and replacement process, and ensure the accuracy of the disassembly and replacement.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the clamping positioning member 4 and the abutting positioning member 3 on the rotor shaft 1, and Figure 3 is pulling out the old bearing assembly a to the clamping positioning member 4.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of pulling out the old bearing assembly a from the rotor shaft 1, and
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of installing the new bearing assembly b to the clamping and positioning part 4 and abutting Schematic diagram of the structure between the positioning parts 3.
  • the axial extension length of the rotor shaft 1 is relatively short, and it is difficult to clamp and position the rotor shaft 1.
  • this embodiment focuses on the rotor shaft 1 1. Before clamping and positioning, first connect the process shaft 2 to the outer end of the rotor shaft 1.
  • a threaded hole 102 can be opened along the axis position on the outer end surface of the rotor shaft 1, and a threaded post 201 can be provided on the inner end surface of the process shaft 2 along the axis position.
  • the threaded post 201 can be connected to the threaded hole. 102 forms a threaded connection fit.
  • the process shaft 2 can be installed on the rotor shaft 1 through the mating connection of the threaded column 201 and the threaded hole 102, and the process shaft 2 can be easily detached from the rotor shaft 1 by screwing.
  • the axial length of the process shaft 2 can be equal to the outer elongation of the rotor shaft 1, which is equivalent to doubling the length of the rotor shaft 1 outward, so that the clamping positioning member 4 has sufficient clamping space .
  • the diameter of the process shaft 2 may be equal to the diameter of the rotor shaft 1.
  • the clamping positioning member 4 is directly clamped on the surface of the rotor shaft 1, and the abutting positioning member 3 directly abuts Connected to the outer end surface of the rotor shaft 1.
  • the clamping positioning member 4 can be clamped on the surface of the process shaft 2, and the abutting positioning member 3 can abut on the outer end surface of the process shaft 2.
  • the following contents of the present embodiment regard the process shaft 2 as a part of the rotor shaft 1 for description.
  • connection between the process shaft 2 and the rotor shaft 1 is not limited to the threaded hole 102 and the threaded column 201.
  • a clamping groove is provided on the outer end surface of the rotor shaft 1
  • a clamping connection is provided on the inner end surface of the process shaft 2.
  • the block can also be detachably connected between the process shaft 2 and the rotor shaft 1 by using the clamping groove and the clamping block to form a clamping connection.
  • the clamping radius of the clamping positioning member 4 is adjustable, that is, the clamping range can be enlarged or reduced by adjusting the clamping radius Therefore, the clamping radius can be adjusted according to the diameter of the rotor shaft 1, and the rotor shaft 1 can be clamped or loosened.
  • the clamping positioning part The clamping range of 4 can be expanded to the maximum, and is enough for the old bearing assembly a or the new bearing assembly b to pass smoothly.
  • the installation position of the abutting positioning member 3 on the mounting rod 5 is adjustable.
  • the old bearing assembly a or the new bearing assembly b needs to pass the abutting positioning member 3, only the mounting rod 5 needs to be removed.
  • Each of the fasteners 6 can be removed from the mounting rod 5 by the abutting positioning member 3.
  • the output end of the drive system is connected to the old bearing On the outer end faces of the assembly a and the new bearing assembly b, pressure or thrust is applied along the axial direction of the rotor shaft 1 at the same time.

Abstract

一种免解体拆装电机轴承方法，包括：在端盖端面上插设安装杆（5），并依次安装夹紧定位件（4）和抵接定位件（3）；通过抵接定位件压紧转子转轴（1）的外端面以进行定位，并将旧轴承组合件（a）沿轴向拔出；调节夹紧定位件使其夹紧转子转轴以进行定位，同时调节抵接定位件使其脱离对转子转轴的压紧，再将旧轴承组合件沿轴向从转子转轴的外端拔出；将新轴承组合件（b）沿轴向滑动至转子转轴上的安装位置。该方法能够实现电机轴承的免解体拆换，提高拆换效率，避免在拆换过程中造成转子移位。

Description

一种免解体拆装电机轴承方法
本申请要求于2019年11月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为201911114011.1、发明名称为“一种免解体拆装电机轴承方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术领域，特别涉及一种免解体拆装电机轴承方法。
背景技术
随着轨道交通的高速发展，轨道车辆的运营维护要求和技术水平在日益提高。
在铁路干线电力机车、工矿电力机车、电力传动内燃机车和各种电动车辆上，常用牵引电机进行动力驱动。牵引电机主要包括转子和定子，其运行原理与普通电机相同。为保证转子旋转顺畅无阻，在转子上安装有轴承。车辆上各部件的工作状态和维护要求不尽相同，而转子轴承是核心受力部件，为保证车辆的运行安全，轴承的检修维护工作异常关键，在规定的时间或者公里数内必须进行检测或者更换。
常规的牵引电机的结构布置导致轴承拆卸，必须首先解体电机分离定转子，然后从轴承室将轴承拔出完成检测或者更换工作。现有技术中的通常做法将电机落车返厂，采用专业工具拆解电机，分离定转子，然后将轴承拔出进行检测或者更换。整个拆卸周期漫长，过程繁琐，需特定的场地和专用工装，检修成本和检修资源消耗大。特别是需对故障轴承进行拆解时，上述流程无法简化，导致故障分析解决的时间跨度很大，不利于问题的快速解决和减少故障导致的经济损失。
目前的电机轴承在维修更换时，大都需要对电机进行解体，将电机转子从电机中拔出，之后再利用特定的装置将轴承拔下，最后再通过工装将新轴承重新安装至转轴上，并将转子重新放入电机内，重新安装电机。整个更换过程操作复杂，耗时较长，并且在解体与重新组装电机的过程中，难以精确地将转子转轴复位到轴心位置，存在着人为操作失误造成电机损伤的风险，为电机的安全运行埋下质量隐患。
因此，如何实现电机轴承的免解体拆换，提高拆换效率，避免在拆换过程中造成转子移位，是本领域技术人员面临的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种免解体拆装电机轴承方法，能够实现电机轴承的免解体拆换，提高拆换效率，避免在拆换过程中造成转子移位。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种免解体拆装电机轴承方法，包括：
在端盖端面上的各个安装孔内沿轴向插设若干根安装杆，并在各根安装杆上依次安装夹紧定位件和抵接定位件；
通过所述抵接定位件压紧所述转子转轴的外端面以进行定位，并将安装于所述转子转轴上的旧轴承组合件沿轴向拔出至所述夹紧定位件与所述抵接定位件之间；
调节所述夹紧定位件使其夹紧所述转子转轴的表面以进行定位，同时调节所述抵接定位件使其脱离对所述转子转轴的外端面的抵接，再将所述旧轴承组合件沿轴向从所述转子转轴的外端拔出；
将新轴承组合件沿轴向从所述转子转轴的外端滑入至所述夹紧定位件与所述抵接定位件之间，并调节所述抵接定位件使其重新与所述转子转轴的外端面压紧，再调节所述夹紧定位件使其放松所述转子转轴；
将所述新轴承组合件沿轴向滑动至所述转子转轴上的安装位置。
优选地，在端盖端面上插设安装杆之前，还包括：
在所述转子转轴的外端上沿轴向连接用于延长操作空间的工艺轴。
优选地，在所述转子转轴的外端上连接工艺轴，具体包括：
在所述转子转轴的外端端面上沿轴心位置开设螺纹孔，并在所述工艺轴的内端端面上沿轴心位置设置螺纹柱，并使所述工艺轴与所述转子转轴之间通过所述螺纹孔与所述螺纹柱的配合实现可拆卸连接。
优选地，在端盖端面上插设安装杆，具体包括：
在所述端盖的端面上沿预设半径的圆周上确定4～8个所述安装孔，并在各个确定的安装孔内沿轴向插设所述安装杆，同时使所述安装杆的端部与对应的所述安装孔形成螺纹连接。
优选地，在各根安装杆上依次安装夹紧定位件和抵接定位件，具体包括：
将所述夹紧定位件同时穿设在各根所述安装杆上，并沿轴向滑动预设距离至与所述转子转轴的表面对应位置处；
将所述抵接定位件同时穿设在各根所述安装杆上，并沿轴向滑动至各根所述安装杆的末端位置处且保持表面与所述转子转轴外端面的紧贴；
在各根所述安装杆的末端上均通过紧固件将所述抵接定位件固定在当前位置。
优选地，调节所述夹紧定位件时，通过调节所述夹紧定位件的夹紧半径实现对所述转子转轴表面的夹紧与放松；调节所述抵接定位件时，通过调节所述抵接定位件在各根所述安装杆上的滑动距离实现对所述转子转轴的外端面的抵接与脱离。
优选地，在拔出所述旧轴承组合件或滑入所述新轴承组合件时，通过驱动系统沿轴向方向对所述旧轴承组合件或所述新轴承组合件的外端端面施力。
优选地，将所述新轴承组合件沿轴向滑动至所述转子转轴上的安装位置后，还包括：
调节所述抵接定位件并使其脱离对所述转子转轴的外端面的抵接；
将所述抵接定位件和所述夹紧定位件依次从各根所述安装杆上滑出；
将各根所述安装杆从各个所述安装孔内拆卸。
本发明所提供的免解体拆装电机轴承方法，主要包括五个步骤，其中，在第一步中，首先在对端盖端面上的各个安装孔内沿轴向方向插设安装杆，然后在各根安装杆上依次安装夹紧定位件和抵接定位件，同时保持抵接定位件在外侧，而夹紧定位件在内侧。在第二步中，当夹紧定位件与抵接定位件安装好后，调节两者在安装杆上的初始位置，使得抵接定位件的表面顺利与转子转轴的外端面抵接，将其压紧，对其形成轴向定位及周向定位(轴向压紧力足够大时，利用表面静摩擦力即可同时实现周向定位)；此时，夹紧定位件保持原状。然后开始拆卸旧轴承组合件(包括旧轴承和旧轴承座)，由于夹紧定位件在自然状态下为旧轴承组合件保持足够的滑动空间， 如此可首先将安装在转子转轴内端的旧轴承组合件拔出并滑动至夹紧定位件与抵接定位件之间。在第三步中，由于抵接定位件紧压在转子转轴的外端面上，因此旧轴承组合件无法直接拔出，此时首先调节夹紧定位件，使其夹紧转子转轴，保持周向定位和支撑后，再调节抵接定位件，使其脱离对转子转轴外端面的抵接并给旧轴承组合件留出足够的滑动空间，之后就可将旧轴承组合件从转子转轴的外端上拔出。在第四步中，将新轴承组合件(包括新轴承和新轴承座)沿轴向从转子转轴的外端上滑入，直至夹紧定位件与抵接定位件之间，然后首先调节抵接定位件使其重新与转子转轴外端面形成紧压，重新保持轴向及周向定位后，再调节夹紧定位件使其放松转子转轴，同时同样留出足够新轴承组合件滑动的空间。最后在第五步中，即可将新轴承组合件沿轴向一直滑动至转子转轴上的安装位置处，完成电机轴承拆卸作业和更换作业。综上所述，本发明所提供的免解体拆装电机轴承方法，通过夹紧定位件和抵接定位件对转子转轴的夹紧或压紧定位，并利用两者与转子转轴之间的轮流夹紧与压紧，稳定有序地完成旧轴承组合件的拔除与新轴承组合件的安装，并且在整个拆换工艺过程中，转子转轴始终保持夹紧或压紧定位，从而避免在拆换过程中造成转子移位，保证拆换精度，相比于现有技术，无需对电机进行解体，也无需将定子与转子分离，整个拆换过程的流程简单易行，操作效率高，节省拆换时间。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明所提供的一种具体实施方式的流程图。
图2为夹紧定位件与抵接定位件在转子转轴上的安装结构示意图。
图3为将旧轴承组合件拔出至夹紧定位件与抵接定位件之间的结构示意图。
图4为将旧轴承组合件从转子转轴拔出的结构示意图。
图5为将新轴承组合件安装至夹紧定位件与抵接定位件之间的结构示意图。
其中，图2—图5中：
旧轴承组合件—a，新轴承组合件—b；
转子转轴—1，工艺轴—2，抵接定位件—3，夹紧定位件—4，安装杆—5，紧固件—6；
安装孔—101，螺纹孔—102，螺纹柱—201。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参考图1，图1为本发明所提供的一种具体实施方式的流程图。
在本发明所提供的一种具体实施方式中，免解体拆装电机轴承方法主要包括六个步骤，分别为：
S1、在端盖端面上的各个安装孔101内沿轴向插设若干根安装杆5，并在各根安装杆5上依次安装夹紧定位件4和抵接定位件3；
S2、通过抵接定位件3压紧转子转轴1的外端面以进行定位，并将安装于转子转轴1上的旧轴承组合件a沿轴向拔出至夹紧定位件4与抵接定位件3之间；
S3、调节夹紧定位件4使其夹紧转子转轴1的表面以进行定位，同时调节抵接定位件3使其脱离对转子转轴1的外端面的抵接，再将旧轴承组合件a沿轴向从转子转轴1的外端拔出；
S4、将新轴承组合件b沿轴向从转子转轴1的外端滑入至夹紧定位件4与抵接定位件3之间，并调节抵接定位件3使其重新与转子转轴1的外端面压紧，再调节夹紧定位件4使其放松转子转轴1；
S5、将新轴承组合件b沿轴向滑动至转子转轴1上的安装位置。
其中，在步骤S1中，首先在对端盖端面上的各个安装孔101内沿轴向方向插设安装杆5，然后在各根安装杆5上安装夹紧定位件4和抵接定位件3，同时保持抵接定位件3在外侧，而夹紧定位件4在内侧。一般的，端盖的端面垂直于水平面，也垂直于转子转轴1的轴向，而各个安装孔101一般沿水平开设，并且在端盖的端面上沿周向方向均匀分布，并且沿径向排布有若干层。如此设置，在插设安装杆5时，可以根据预设半径要求在端盖的端面上确定一圈沿圆周分布的安装孔101，一般可同时选中至少4个，比如4～8个等，然后在选中的各个安装孔101内分别插设安装杆5。
同时，为方便安装杆5在端盖上的拆装操作，各个安装杆5的末端可与各个安装孔101形成螺纹连接。当然，各个安装杆5还可以通过与各个安装孔101形成卡接的方式安装在端盖上。
进一步的，在各根安装杆5上安装夹紧定位件4和抵接定位件3时，可分别通过滑动连接的方式实现安装。具体的，在夹紧定位件4的周向上可开设若干个通孔，通过各个通孔与各根安装杆5的轴孔配合可将夹紧定位件4安装在安装杆5上，并可沿安装杆5的轴向进行滑动位置调节，以便在预定位置处夹紧转子转轴1的表面。同理，在抵接定位件3的周向上也可开设若干个通孔，并同样通过各个通孔与各根安装杆5的配合实现滑动安装与位置调节。同时，由于抵接定位件3需要与转子转轴1的外端面抵接，因此还可在各根安装杆5上同时设置紧固件6对抵接定位件3的安装位置进行固定，比如调节螺母等。一般的，当抵接定位件3处于安装杆5的末端时，抵接定位件3的表面正好与转子转轴1的外端面抵接。
在步骤S2中，当夹紧定位件4与抵接定位件3安装好后，调节两者在安装杆5上的初始位置，使得夹紧定位件4对准转子转轴1的表面，能够顺利对转子转轴1的表面形成稳定夹持，从而对转子转轴1形成轴向及周向定位；同时使得抵接定位件3的表面顺利与转子转轴1的外端面抵接，将其压紧，对其形成轴向及周向定位(轴向压紧力足够大时，利用表面静摩擦力即可同时实现周向定位)。
在夹紧定位件4与抵接定位件3的安装位置调整好后，即可开始拆卸旧轴承组合件a(包括旧轴承和旧轴承座)。首先调节抵接定位件3，使其 表面压紧在转子转轴1的外端面上，然后将安装在转子转轴1内端的旧轴承组合件a拔出并滑动至夹紧定位件4与抵接定位件3之间。此时，夹紧定位件4保持自然状态不变，并且为旧轴承组合件a保持足够的滑动空间，保证旧轴承组合件a能够顺利通过夹紧定位件4。
在步骤S3中，由于抵接定位件3紧压在转子转轴1的外端面上，因此旧轴承组合件a无法直接拔出，此时首先调节夹紧定位件4，使其夹紧转子转轴1的表面，将转子转轴1周向支撑固定，防止拔出操作时产生晃动，再调节抵接定位件3，使其脱离对转子转轴1外端面的抵接并给旧轴承组合件a留出足够的滑动空间，之后就可将旧轴承组合件a从转子转轴1的外端上拔出。
在步骤S4中，将新轴承组合件b(包括新轴承和新轴承座)沿轴向从转子转轴1的外端上滑入，直至夹紧定位件4与抵接定位件3之间，然后首先调节抵接定位件3使其重新与转子转轴1外端面形成抵接，保持轴向及周向定位后，再调节夹紧定位件4使其放松转子转轴1，同时同样留出足够新轴承组合件b滑动的空间。
最后在步骤S6中，即可将新轴承组合件b沿轴向一直滑动至转子转轴1上的安装位置处，完成电机轴承拆卸作业和更换作业。
综上所述，本实施例所提供的免解体拆装电机轴承方法，通过夹紧定位件4和抵接定位件3对转子转轴1的夹紧或压紧定位，并利用两者与转子转轴1之间的轮流夹紧与压紧，稳定有序地完成旧轴承组合件a的拔除与新轴承组合件b的安装，并且在整个拆换工艺过程中，转子转轴1始终保持夹紧或压紧定位，从而避免在拆换过程中造成转子移位，保证拆换精度，相比于现有技术，无需对电机进行解体，也无需将定子与转子分离，整个拆换过程的流程简单易行，操作效率高，节省拆换时间。
如图2～图5所示，图2为夹紧定位件4与抵接定位件3在转子转轴1上的安装结构示意图，图3为将旧轴承组合件a拔出至夹紧定位件4与抵接定位件3之间的结构示意图，图4为将旧轴承组合件a从转子转轴1拔出的结构示意图，图5为将新轴承组合件b安装至夹紧定位件4与抵接定位件3之间的结构示意图。
在一种优选实施例中，考虑到部分型号或尺寸的电机，其转子转轴1的轴向延伸长度较短，难以在转子转轴1上进行夹紧定位，针对此，本实施例在对转子转轴1进行夹紧定位之前，首先在转子转轴1的外端上连接工艺轴2。
具体的，可在转子转轴1的外端端面上沿轴心位置开设螺纹孔102，同时在工艺轴2的内端端面上沿轴心位置处设置螺纹柱201，该螺纹柱201可与螺纹孔102形成螺纹连接配合。如此，即可通过螺纹柱201与螺纹孔102的配合连接，将工艺轴2安装到转子转轴1上，并且可以拧动方便地将工艺轴2从转子转轴1上拆卸下来。此处优选地，工艺轴2的轴向长度可与转子转轴1的外伸长度相等，相当于将转子转轴1的长度向外延长一倍，从而使得夹紧定位件4具有充足的夹紧空间。同时，工艺轴2的直径可与转子转轴1的直径相等。
当然，对于转子转轴1的外伸长度足够大的情况，就可以无需额外设置工艺轴2，此时夹紧定位件4直接夹紧在转子转轴1的表面上，而抵接定位件3直接抵接在转子转轴1的外端面上。而对于转子转轴1上连接了工艺轴2的情况，夹紧定位件4可夹紧在工艺轴2的表面上，而抵接定位件3可抵接在工艺轴2的外端面上。本实施例以下内容均将工艺轴2视为转子转轴1的一部分进行说明。
当然，工艺轴2与转子转轴1的连接方式并不仅限于螺纹孔102与螺纹柱201，其余比如在转子转轴1的外端面上开设卡接槽，同时在工艺轴2的内端面上设置卡接块，以利用卡接槽与卡接块形成卡接的方式也同样可以实现工艺轴2与转子转轴1之间的可拆卸连接。
为方便调节夹紧定位件4与抵接定位件3，本实施例中，夹紧定位件4的夹紧半径是可调的，即可以通过调节其夹紧半径实现夹紧范围的放大或缩小，从而可以根据转子转轴1的直径调节夹紧半径，将转子转轴1夹紧或放松，当然，在旧轴承组合件a或新轴承组合件b需要通过夹紧定位件4时，夹紧定位件4的夹紧范围可扩大到最大值，并足够旧轴承组合件a或新轴承组合件b顺利通过。
同时，抵接定位件3在安装杆5上的安装位置是可调的，当旧轴承组 合件a或新轴承组合件b需要通过抵接定位件3时，只需拆卸掉安装杆5上设置的各个紧固件6，再将抵接定位件3从安装杆5上取下即可。当然，也可以在抵接定位件3的圆心位置处增设紧固件6，并通过紧固件6与转子转轴1外端面上设置的预留孔配合固定，在拆装安装杆5上的紧固件6时，需要一并将圆心处的紧固件6拆装，并且借助圆心处的紧固件6还可提高抵接定位件3对转子转轴1的轴向及周向定位稳定性和精确性。
在电机轴承拆换作业过程中，为保证旧轴承组合件a与新轴承组合件b能够稳定地沿着转子转轴1的轴向滑动，本实施例中，通过驱动系统的输出端连接在旧轴承组合件a与新轴承组合件b的外端端面上，同时沿着转子转轴1的轴向施加压力或推力。
另外，在将新轴承组合件b滑动到转子转轴1上的安装位置，完成轴承拆换更新后，可继续调节抵接定位件3，并使其脱离对转子转轴1外端面的抵接，然后将抵接定位件3从各根安装杆5上拆除，再将夹紧定位件4从各根安装杆5上拆除，最后将各根安装杆5从各个安装孔101内拆卸，将电机端盖部位恢复原样。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种免解体拆装电机轴承方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在端盖端面上的各个安装孔内沿轴向插设若干根安装杆，并在各根所述安装杆上依次安装夹紧定位件和抵接定位件；
    通过所述抵接定位件压紧转子转轴的外端面以进行定位，并将安装于所述转子转轴上的旧轴承组合件沿轴向拔出至所述夹紧定位件与所述抵接定位件之间；
    调节所述夹紧定位件使其夹紧所述转子转轴的表面以进行定位，同时调节所述抵接定位件使其脱离对所述转子转轴的外端面的抵接，再将所述旧轴承组合件沿轴向从所述转子转轴的外端拔出；
    将新轴承组合件沿轴向从所述转子转轴的外端滑入至所述夹紧定位件与所述抵接定位件之间，并调节所述抵接定位件使其重新与所述转子转轴的外端面压紧，再调节所述夹紧定位件使其放松所述转子转轴；
    将所述新轴承组合件沿轴向滑动至所述转子转轴上的安装位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的免解体拆装电机轴承方法，其特征在于，在端盖端面上插设安装杆之前，还包括：
    在所述转子转轴的外端上沿轴向连接用于延长操作空间的工艺轴。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的免解体拆装电机轴承方法，其特征在于，在所述转子转轴的外端上连接工艺轴，具体包括：
    在所述转子转轴的外端端面上沿轴心位置开设螺纹孔，并在所述工艺轴的内端端面上沿轴心位置设置螺纹柱，并使所述工艺轴与所述转子转轴之间通过所述螺纹孔与所述螺纹柱的配合实现可拆卸连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的免解体拆装电机轴承方法，其特征在于，在端盖端面上插设安装杆，具体包括：
    在所述端盖的端面上沿预设半径的圆周上确定4～8个所述安装孔，并在各个确定的安装孔内沿轴向插设所述安装杆，同时使所述安装杆的端部与对应的所述安装孔形成螺纹连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的免解体拆装电机轴承方法，其特征在于，在 各根安装杆上依次安装夹紧定位件和抵接定位件，具体包括：
    将所述夹紧定位件同时穿设在各根所述安装杆上，并沿轴向滑动预设距离至与所述转子转轴的表面对应位置处；
    将所述抵接定位件同时穿设在各根所述安装杆上，并沿轴向滑动至各根所述安装杆的末端位置处且保持表面与所述转子转轴外端面的紧贴；
    在各根所述安装杆的末端上均通过紧固件将所述抵接定位件固定在当前位置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的免解体拆装电机轴承方法，其特征在于，调节所述夹紧定位件时，通过调节所述夹紧定位件的夹紧半径实现对所述转子转轴表面的夹紧与放松；调节所述抵接定位件时，通过调节所述抵接定位件在各根所述安装杆上的滑动距离实现对所述转子转轴的外端面的压紧与脱离。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的免解体拆装电机轴承方法，其特征在于，在拔出所述旧轴承组合件或滑入所述新轴承组合件时，通过驱动系统沿轴向方向对所述旧轴承组合件或所述新轴承组合件的外端端面施力。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的免解体拆装电机轴承方法，其特征在于，将所述新轴承组合件沿轴向滑动至所述转子转轴上的安装位置后，还包括：
    调节所述抵接定位件并使其脱离对所述转子转轴的外端面的压紧；
    将所述抵接定位件和所述夹紧定位件依次从各根所述安装杆上滑出；
    将各根所述安装杆从各个所述安装孔内拆卸。
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