WO2021093035A1 - 一种牵引电机及其转子轴承免解体拆装结构 - Google Patents

一种牵引电机及其转子轴承免解体拆装结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021093035A1
WO2021093035A1 PCT/CN2019/121875 CN2019121875W WO2021093035A1 WO 2021093035 A1 WO2021093035 A1 WO 2021093035A1 CN 2019121875 W CN2019121875 W CN 2019121875W WO 2021093035 A1 WO2021093035 A1 WO 2021093035A1
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Prior art keywords
rotor
disassembly
bearing
rotor bearing
free
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PCT/CN2019/121875
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡贵
汤黎明
申政
唐子谋
刘勇
龚天明
成熹
李广
杨敏
夏红勇
赵粲
王璠
谭作
郝岩松
李子君
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中车株洲电机有限公司
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Application filed by 中车株洲电机有限公司 filed Critical 中车株洲电机有限公司
Publication of WO2021093035A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021093035A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/161—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a disassembly-free disassembly structure for a rotor bearing.
  • the invention also relates to a traction motor.
  • the traction motor On main railway electric locomotives, industrial and mining electric locomotives, electric drive diesel locomotives and various electric vehicles, traction motors are commonly used for power drive.
  • the traction motor mainly includes a rotor and a stator, and its operating principle is the same as that of an ordinary motor.
  • a bearing In order to ensure that the rotor rotates smoothly and unimpeded, a bearing is installed on the rotor. The working status and maintenance requirements of each component on the vehicle are not the same, and the rotor bearing is the core stress component. In order to ensure the safety of the vehicle, the maintenance of the bearing is extremely critical. It must be tested or tested within the specified time or kilometers. replace.
  • the structural arrangement of the conventional traction motor leads to the disassembly of the bearing.
  • the motor must be disassembled to separate the stator and rotor, and then the bearing is pulled out from the bearing chamber to complete the inspection or replacement work.
  • the common practice in the prior art is to drop the motor back to the factory, use professional tools to disassemble the motor, separate the stator and rotor, and then pull out the bearing for inspection or replacement.
  • the entire disassembly cycle is long, the process is cumbersome, requires a specific site and special tooling, and the maintenance cost and maintenance resource consumption are large.
  • the above process cannot be simplified, which leads to a large time span for fault analysis and resolution, which is not conducive to the rapid resolution of the problem and the reduction of economic losses caused by the fault.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a disassembly-free disassembly and assembly structure of a rotor bearing, which can improve disassembly and assembly efficiency on the basis of realizing disassembly-free disassembly and assembly of the rotor bearing, and at the same time avoid displacement of the rotor during disassembly and assembly operations.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a traction motor.
  • the present invention provides a disassembly-free disassembly and assembly structure for a rotor bearing, which includes a rotor shaft arranged in a housing and a rotor bearing sleeved on the rotor shaft, and also includes a detachable sleeve on the rotor shaft.
  • the ground is connected between the end cover and the pressure ring, and is used for pressing the pressure ring against the end surface of the rotor core to clamp and fix the tension rod of the rotor shaft.
  • the end surface of the pressure ring is provided with a mounting hole for mating with the tension rod, and the surface of the end cover is provided with a position corresponding to the mounting hole for supplying the tension rod. Through hole through.
  • the mounting holes are provided with 2 to 4 at the same time, and they are evenly opened on the end surface of the pressing ring in the circumferential direction; the number of the through holes is the same as the number of the mounting holes, and the number of the through holes is the same as that of the mounting holes.
  • the circumferential direction is evenly opened on the surface of the end cap.
  • the tension rod includes a screw and a screw thread connected to its outer end and compressed on the outer surface of the end cover, an adjusting nut for adjusting the pre-tightening force of the screw, and the mounting hole Specifically, it is a threaded hole.
  • each of the mounting holes and each of the through holes is parallel to the axial direction of the rotor shaft, and the tension rod is vertically compressed on the end surface of the pressure ring.
  • the pressure ring includes a pressure plate in a ring shape and in close contact with the end surface of the rotor core, and a collar connected to the surface of the pressure plate and sleeved on the rotor shaft.
  • the mounting hole is opened on the surface of the pressure plate; the collar is elastic, and its inner diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the corresponding part on the rotor shaft.
  • the central area of the end cover is hollowed out, and the inner circular surface of the end cover abuts against the outer circular surface of the bearing seat.
  • the outer edge of the end cap is detachably connected to the housing by a fastener.
  • the present invention also provides a traction motor, including a housing and a rotor bearing disassembly-free disassembly structure provided in the housing, wherein the rotor bearing disassembly-free disassembly structure is specifically the rotor bearing described in any one of the above Disassembly-free structure.
  • the disassembly-free disassembly and assembly structure of the rotor bearing mainly includes a rotor shaft, a rotor bearing, a bearing seat, an end cover, a pressure ring and a tension rod.
  • the rotor shaft is arranged in the shell, which is the main component of the rotor.
  • the rotor core is arranged on the rotor shaft, and the rotor bearings are sleeved on both ends of the rotor shaft and are press-fitted on the rotor shaft through the inner ring of the bearing. on the surface.
  • the bearing seat is detachably sleeved on the outer ring of the rotor bearing, and is mainly used for carrying and installing the rotor bearing, and forms an integral structure with the rotor bearing, so as to drive the rotor bearing to synchronize the disassembly and assembly during the disassembly and assembly process.
  • the end covers are arranged at the two ends of the housing in the axial direction, and are mainly used to close the housing (the rotor shaft can extend out of the end cover) and form protection for the internal structure.
  • the pressure ring is sleeved on the rotor shaft, and at the same time is tightly attached to the two end faces of the rotor core.
  • the tension rod is detachably connected between the end cap and the pressure ring, and is mainly used to tighten the two so that the pressure ring and the end cap are connected, and the tensioning effect formed between the two is used to press the pressure ring
  • the end surface of the rotor core is pressed against the end surface of the rotor core by the pressing ring.
  • the axial clamping and positioning of the rotor shaft can be realized by pressing the pressure ring on the two ends of the rotor core, and the rotor shaft can be realized by the sleeve connection of the pressure ring on the rotor shaft
  • the circumferential clamping and positioning of the rotor shaft is equivalent to that the freedom of movement of the rotor shaft is restricted.
  • the rotor shaft is fixed in the housing and cannot be moved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure shown in Fig. 1 after the tension rod is removed.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the structure shown in Fig. 1 during bearing disassembly and assembly operations.
  • Shell-1 rotor shaft-2, rotor bearing-3, bearing seat-4, end cover-5, pressing ring-6, tension rod-7, fastener-8;
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment provided by the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure shown in Figure 1 after removing the tension rod 7
  • Figure 3 is The structure shown in FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure in the process of disassembling and assembling the rotor bearing 3.
  • the disassembly-free disassembly and assembly structure of the rotor bearing mainly includes the rotor shaft 2, the rotor bearing 3, the bearing seat 4, the end cover 5, the pressure ring 6 and the tension rod 7.
  • the rotor shaft 2 is arranged in the housing 1, which is the main component of the rotor.
  • a rotor core 201 is arranged on the rotor shaft 2, and the rotor bearing 3 is sleeved on both ends of the rotor shaft 2 and passes through the rotor.
  • the inner ring of the bearing 3 is press-fitted on the surface of the rotor shaft 2.
  • the bearing seat 4 is detachably sleeved on the outer ring of the rotor bearing 3, and is mainly used to carry and install the rotor bearing 3, forming an integral structure with the rotor bearing 3, so as to drive the rotor bearing 3 to synchronize the disassembly and assembly during the disassembly and assembly process. .
  • the end caps 5 are arranged at both ends of the housing 1 in the axial direction, and are mainly used to close the housing 1 (the rotor shaft 2 can extend out of the end caps 5) and form protection for the internal structure.
  • the pressing ring 6 is sleeved on the rotor shaft 2 and is in close contact with the two end faces of the rotor core 201 at the same time.
  • the tension rod 7 is detachably connected between the end cover 5 and the pressure ring 6, and is mainly used to tighten the two so that the pressure ring 6 and the end cover 5 are connected, and the tensioning effect formed between the two is used It is pressed on the end surface of the pressing ring 6 so that the pressing ring 6 presses the two end surfaces of the rotor core 201.
  • the disassembly-free disassembly and assembly structure of the rotor bearing provided in this embodiment can realize the axial direction of the rotor shaft 2 by pressing the pressure ring 6 on the end faces of the rotor core 201 through the tension of the tension rod 7. Clamping and positioning.
  • the circumferential clamping and positioning of the rotor shaft 2 is realized through the sleeve connection of the pressing ring 6 to the rotor shaft 2, which is equivalent to that the freedom of movement of the rotor shaft 2 is restricted, and the rotor shaft 2 is fixed in the housing Cannot move within 1.
  • the central area of the end cover 5 may be a hollow hole
  • the bearing seat 4 is installed in the hollow hole at the same time.
  • the inner circular surface of the bearing seat 4 is sleeved on the outer ring surface of the rotor bearing 3, and is press-fitted and connected with the rotor bearing 3 through a pre-tightening force.
  • the bearing housing 4 is equivalent to being detachably installed between the end cover 5 and the rotor shaft 2. When disassembling and assembling, it only needs to be connected to the outer end surface of the bearing housing 4 through external equipment and apply force along the axial direction.
  • the bearing housing 4 together with the rotor bearing 3 can be slidably removed from the rotor shaft 2 or slidingly sleeved on the rotor shaft 2. During the entire disassembly and assembly process, the end cover 5 does not need to be disassembled in advance, which saves the work process.
  • the outer edge of the end cover 5 is connected to the housing through the fastener 8
  • the body 1 can be detachably connected in advance, for example, by a number of bolts. With this arrangement, if necessary, the end cover 5 can also be detached from the housing 1 by loosening the fastener 8.
  • the pressure ring 6 mainly includes a pressure plate 602 and a collar 603.
  • the pressure plate 602 is mainly in a flat ring shape, the middle area is hollowed out, and the bottom surface is in close contact with the end surface of the rotor core 201 and has a certain thickness.
  • the collar 603 is arranged on the surface of the pressure plate 602 and is specifically connected to the hollow area thereof, and the inner ring is sleeved on the rotor shaft 2.
  • the circumferential positioning of the rotor shaft 2 can be realized by the sleeve ring 603 on the rotor shaft 2, and the axial positioning of the rotor shaft 2 can be realized by pressing the pressure plate 602 on the two end faces of the rotor core 201 .
  • the inner surface of the sleeve ring 603 has a certain degree of elasticity, which can produce a certain degree of elastic deformation, and the inner diameter of the sleeve ring 603 is slightly It is smaller than the outer diameter of the sleeved part on the rotor shaft 2, for example, it can be 90%-95% of the outer diameter.
  • the ring sleeve can utilize elastic deformation to increase the degree of clamping and clamping of the rotor shaft 2, and the circumferential positioning of the rotor shaft 2 is more accurate and stable.
  • the tension rod 7 mainly includes a screw 701 and an adjusting nut 702.
  • the length of the screw 701 is relatively large, and it penetrates the end cover 5 from the outside to the inside, and abuts on the surface of the pressing ring 6.
  • the adjusting nut 702 forms a threaded connection with the screw rod 701 and is installed on the outer end of the screw rod 701 for screwing adjustment.
  • a plurality of through holes 501 are opened on the surface of the end cover 5, and a plurality of installation holes 601 are opened on the surface of the pressure plate 602 at the same time.
  • each through hole 501 is used to cooperate with the rod body of the screw 701 for its passage
  • each mounting hole 601 is used to cooperate with the end of the screw 701 for its abutment
  • each through hole 501 and each mounting hole 601 The distribution positions correspond to each other, which is convenient for screw 701 to be inserted.
  • each mounting hole 601 can be a threaded hole, so that a threaded connection can be formed with the end of the screw 701, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and also facilitates adjustment of the pre-tightening force; each through hole 501 can be a smooth hole to facilitate the screw 701 The rod body goes through smoothly.
  • the tension rod 7 is generally provided with 2 to 4 (referring to a single end) at the same time, and the number of openings (referring to a single end) of the mounting hole 601 and the through hole 501 can be the same as the number of the tension rod 7, and each mounting hole 601 can be evenly opened on the outer surface of the pressure plate 602 in the circumferential direction, and each through hole 501 can be evenly opened in the central area of the surface of the end cover 5 in the circumferential direction.
  • each mounting hole 601 and each through hole 501 are parallel to the axial direction of the rotor shaft 2, so that the end of the tension rod 7 can be perpendicularly abutted on the surface of the pressure plate 602, thereby Avoid causing a component of force in the radial direction to the pressing ring 6.
  • the tension rod 7 is inserted obliquely at a certain angle, and the radial component force formed on the pressing ring 6 is toward the axis of the rotor shaft 2, it can strengthen the collar 603 to position the rotor shaft 2 in the circumferential direction. The role of.
  • This embodiment also provides a traction motor, which mainly includes a casing 1 and a rotor bearing disassembly-free disassembly structure provided in the casing 1, wherein the main content of the rotor bearing disassembly-free disassembly structure is the same as the above-mentioned related content. I won't repeat them here.
  • disassembly-free disassembly and assembly structure of the rotor bearing provided in this embodiment is especially suitable for traction motors, but is not limited to traction motors, and can also be applied to other types of motors, such as fully enclosed motors, open type Motor, synchronous motor or asynchronous motor, etc., can also be used in the occasions where the integrated motor of the drive unit does not drop the motor bearing to replace the motor bearing to realize the online disassembly of the motor bearing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种转子轴承免解体拆装结构及应用该结构的牵引电机，包括设置于壳体（1）内的转子转轴（2）和套设于所述转子转轴（2）上的转子轴承（3），还包括可拆卸地套设于所述转子轴承（3）外圈上的轴承座（4）、设置于所述壳体（1）的轴向两端的端盖（5）、套设于所述转子转轴（2）上并紧贴在转子铁芯（201）的两端端面上的压圈（6），以及可拆卸地连接于所述端盖（5）与所述压圈（6）之间、用于使所述压圈（6）压紧所述转子铁芯（201）端面以夹紧固定所述转子转轴（2）的拉紧杆（7）。本转子轴承免解体拆装结构，通过拉紧杆（7）的拉紧作用，可通过压圈（6）限制转子转轴（2）的轴向和周向运动自由度，能够在实现免解体拆装转子轴承（3）的基础上，提高拆装效率，同时避免在拆装作业过程中造成转子移位。

Description

一种牵引电机及其转子轴承免解体拆装结构
本申请要求于2019年11月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为201911114005.6、发明名称为“一种牵引电机及其转子轴承免解体拆装结构”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术领域，特别涉及一种转子轴承免解体拆装结构。本发明还涉及一种牵引电机。
背景技术
随着轨道交通的高速发展，轨道车辆的运营维护要求和技术水平在日益提高。
在铁路干线电力机车、工矿电力机车、电力传动内燃机车和各种电动车辆上，常用牵引电机进行动力驱动。牵引电机主要包括转子和定子，其运行原理与普通电机相同。为保证转子旋转顺畅无阻，在转子上安装有轴承。车辆上各部件的工作状态和维护要求不尽相同，而转子轴承是核心受力部件，为保证车辆的运行安全，轴承的检修维护工作异常关键，在规定的时间或者公里数内必须进行检测或者更换。
常规的牵引电机的结构布置导致轴承拆卸，必须首先解体电机分离定转子，然后从轴承室将轴承拔出完成检测或者更换工作。现有技术中的通常做法将电机落车返厂，采用专业工具拆解电机，分离定转子，然后将轴承拔出进行检测或者更换。整个拆卸周期漫长，过程繁琐，需特定的场地和专用工装，检修成本和检修资源消耗大。特别是需对故障轴承进行拆解时，上述流程无法简化，导致故障分析解决的时间跨度很大，不利于问题的快速解决和减少故障导致的经济损失。
同时，在拆解过程中，由于轴承内圈在转子转轴上往往压装得非常紧，需要较大的驱动力才能将其轴承从转子转轴上取下。在此过程中，容易因为驱动力的影响而造成转子转轴的移位、晃动、偏心等，导致转子与定子之间的气隙不均匀，定子与转子容易因为磁力吸引在一起，从而在再次装配时，无法精确地将转子转轴复位到轴心位置，如此可能导致电机性能大 幅下降。
因此，如何在实现免解体拆装转子轴承的基础上，提高拆装效率，同时避免在拆装作业过程中造成转子移位，是本领域技术人员面临的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种转子轴承免解体拆装结构，能够在实现免解体拆装转子轴承的基础上，提高拆装效率，同时避免在拆装作业过程中造成转子移位。本发明的另一目的是提供一种牵引电机。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种转子轴承免解体拆装结构，包括设置于壳体内的转子转轴和套设于所述转子转轴上的转子轴承，还包括可拆卸地套设于所述转子轴承外圈上的轴承座、设置于所述壳体的轴向两端的端盖、套设于所述转子转轴上并紧贴在转子铁芯的两端端面上的压圈，以及可拆卸地连接于所述端盖与所述压圈之间、用于使所述压圈压紧所述转子铁芯端面以夹紧固定所述转子转轴的拉紧杆。
优选地，所述压圈的端面上开设有用于与所述拉紧杆配合的安装孔，所述端盖的表面上开设有位置与所述安装孔相对应、用于供所述拉紧杆通过的贯通孔。
优选地，所述安装孔同时设置有2～4个，且沿周向均匀地开设在所述压圈的端面上；所述贯通孔的设置数量与所述安装孔的设置数量相同，且沿周向均匀地开设在所述端盖的表面上。
优选地，所述拉紧杆包括螺杆和螺纹连接在其外端上并压紧在所述端盖的外表面上、用于调节所述螺杆的预紧力的调节螺母，且所述安装孔具体为螺纹孔。
优选地，各所述安装孔及各所述贯通孔的朝向均平行于所述转子转轴的轴向，且所述拉紧杆垂直压紧在所述压圈的端面上。
优选地，所述压圈包括呈环状并与所述转子铁芯的端面紧贴的压盘、连接于所述压盘表面上并套设在所述转子转轴上的套环。
优选地，所述安装孔开设于所述压盘的表面上；所述套环具有弹性，且其内径小于所述转子转轴上对应部位的外径。
优选地，所述端盖的中心区域镂空，且端盖的内圆面与所述轴承座的外圆面抵接。
优选地，所述端盖的外缘通过紧固件与所述壳体可拆卸连接。
本发明还提供一种牵引电机，包括壳体和设置于所述壳体内的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，其中，所述转子轴承免解体拆装结构具体为上述任一项所述的转子轴承免解体拆装结构。
本发明所提供的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，主要包括转子转轴、转子轴承、轴承座、端盖、压圈和拉紧杆。其中，转子转轴设置在壳体内，为转子的主要组成部件，同时在转子转轴上设置有转子铁芯，而转子轴承套设在转子转轴的两端上，且通过轴承内圈压装在转子转轴的表面上。轴承座可拆卸地套设在转子轴承的外圈上，主要用于承载和安装转子轴承，与转子轴承形成一个整体结构，以在拆装过程中带动转子轴承同步实现拆装。端盖设置在壳体的轴向方向的两端位置，主要用于封闭壳体(转子转轴可伸出端盖)，并对内部的结构形成防护。压圈套设在转子转轴上，同时紧贴在转子铁芯的两端端面上。拉紧杆可拆卸地连接在端盖与压圈之间，主要用于将两者拉紧，使得压圈与端盖相连接，并利用对两者间形成的拉紧作用压紧在压圈的端面上，进而使得压圈压紧转子铁芯的两端端面。如此设置，通过拉紧杆的拉紧作用，可通过压圈对转子铁芯两端端面的压紧实现转子转轴的轴向夹紧和定位，同时通过压圈对转子转轴的套接实现转子转轴的周向夹紧和定位，相当于转子转轴的各个运动自由度均被限制，转子转轴固定在壳体内无法移动，因此，在通过外部驱动力在转子转轴上拆装转子轴承时，可以避免在拆装作业过程中对转子造成移位，保证转子在壳体内的安装位置精确性；同时，在进行转子轴承拆装作业时，只需将轴承座从转子转轴上拆卸即可同时拆卸转子轴承，安装时也如此，相比于现有技术，无需进行电机落车或定转子拆解工作，能够实现转子轴承在线免解体拆装，从而大幅缩减维护周期，降低维护成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地， 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明所提供的一种具体实施方式的整体结构示意图。
图2为图1所示结构拆除拉紧杆后的结构示意图。
图3为图1所示结构在进行轴承拆装作业过程中的结构示意图。
其中，图1—图3中：
壳体—1，转子转轴—2，转子轴承—3，轴承座—4，端盖—5，压圈—6，拉紧杆—7，紧固件—8；
转子铁芯—201，贯通孔—501，安装孔—601，压盘—602，套环—603，螺杆—701，调节螺母—702。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参考图1、图2和图3，图1为本发明所提供的一种具体实施方式的整体结构示意图，图2为图1所示结构拆除拉紧杆7后的结构示意图，图3为图1所示结构在进行转子轴承3拆装作业过程中的结构示意图。
在本发明所提供的一种具体实施方式中，转子轴承免解体拆装结构主要包括转子转轴2、转子轴承3、轴承座4、端盖5、压圈6和拉紧杆7。
其中，转子转轴2设置在壳体1内，为转子的主要组成部件，同时在转子转轴2上设置有转子铁芯201，而转子轴承3套设在转子转轴2的两端上，且通过转子轴承3内圈压装在转子转轴2的表面上。轴承座4可拆卸地套设在转子轴承3的外圈上，主要用于承载和安装转子轴承3，与转子轴承3形成一个整体结构，以在拆装过程中带动转子轴承3同步实现拆装。
端盖5设置在壳体1的轴向方向的两端位置，主要用于封闭壳体1(转 子转轴2可伸出端盖5)，并对内部的结构形成防护。压圈6套设在转子转轴2上，同时紧贴在转子铁芯201的两端端面上。拉紧杆7可拆卸地连接在端盖5与压圈6之间，主要用于将两者拉紧，使得压圈6与端盖5相连接，并利用对两者间形成的拉紧作用压紧在压圈6的端面上，进而使得压圈6压紧转子铁芯201的两端端面。
如此设置，本实施例所提供的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，通过拉紧杆7的拉紧作用，可通过压圈6对转子铁芯201两端端面的压紧实现转子转轴2的轴向夹紧和定位，同时通过压圈6对转子转轴2的套接实现转子转轴2的周向夹紧和定位，相当于转子转轴2的各个运动自由度均被限制，转子转轴2固定在壳体1内无法移动。
因此，在通过外部驱动力在转子转轴2上拆装转子轴承3时，可以避免在拆装作业过程中对转子造成移位，保证转子在壳体1内的安装位置精确性；同时，在进行转子轴承3拆装作业时，只需将轴承座4从转子转轴2上拆卸即可同时拆卸转子轴承3，安装时也如此，相比于现有技术，无需进行电机落车或定转子拆解工作，能够实现转子轴承在线免解体拆装，从而大幅缩减维护周期，降低维护成本。
在关于轴承座4与端盖5的一种优选实施方式中，为进一步缩减轴承免解体拆装作业流程，进一步提高拆装作业效率，本实施例中，端盖5的中心区域可为镂空孔，同时轴承座4安装在该镂空孔内。具体的，轴承座4的内圆面套设在转子轴承3的外圈表面上，并通过预紧力与转子轴承3压装连接。同时，轴承座4的外圆面与端盖5的镂空孔的内圆面抵接，如此设置，端盖5从周向上压紧轴承座4，并且轴承座4与转子轴承3连成一体，轴承座4相当于可拆卸地安装在端盖5与转子转轴2之间，在进行拆装作业时，只需通过外部设备与轴承座4的外端端面相连，并沿轴向施力，即可将轴承座4连同转子轴承3从转子转轴2上滑动取下或滑动套设到转子转轴2上，在整个拆装作业过程中，无需事先拆解端盖5，节省了作业流程。
进一步的，考虑到在部分情况下，工作人员还需要对壳体1内的其余零部件进行检修或更换等，为此，本实施例中，端盖5的外缘通过紧固件 8与壳体1事先可拆卸连接，比如通过若干个螺栓等。如此设置，在需要的情况下，也可以通过对紧固件8的拧松操作将端盖5从壳体1上拆卸下来。
在关于压圈6的一种优选实施方式中，该压圈6主要包括压盘602和套环603。其中，压盘602主要呈扁平环状，中间区域镂空，底面与转子铁芯201的端面紧贴，具有一定厚度。套环603设置在压盘602的表面上，具体连接在其镂空区域上，内圈套设在转子转轴2上。如此设置，通过套环603对转子转轴2的套接，可实现转子转轴2的周向定位，通过压盘602对转子铁芯201两端端面的紧压，可实现转子转轴2的轴向定位。
进一步的，为提高套环603对转子转轴2的周向定位的稳定性，本实施例中，套环603的内表面具有一定弹性，可产生一定程度的弹性形变，并且套环603的内径略小于转子转轴2上套接部位的外径，比如可为其外径的90％～95％等。如此设置，环套可利用弹性形变提高对转子转轴2的套接夹紧程度，对转子转轴2的周向定位更加精确和稳定。
在关于拉紧杆7的一种优选实施方式中，该拉紧杆7主要包括螺杆701和调节螺母702。其中，螺杆701的长度较大，并且从外至内贯穿端盖5，并抵接在压圈6的表面上。调节螺母702与螺杆701形成螺纹连接，并安装在螺杆701的外端端部上，可供拧动调节。具体的，螺杆701从端盖5贯穿后，其末端(内端)可抵接在压圈6中的压盘602表面上，并且拉紧杆7一般可同时设置多个，以保证压圈6受力均衡，如此，各个螺杆701可沿周向方向分别抵接在压盘602的外侧表面。
进一步的，为方便拉紧杆7的安装与拆卸，本实施例在端盖5的表面上开设了若干个贯通孔501，同时在压盘602的表面上开设了若干个安装孔601。其中，各个贯通孔501用于与螺杆701的杆体配合，供其穿过，而各个安装孔601用于与螺杆701的末端配合，供其抵接，并且各个贯通孔501与各个安装孔601的分布位置互相对应，方便螺杆701进行插设。同时，调节螺母702即可压紧在端盖5上位于贯通孔501的孔壁表面上，从而可以通过拧动调节螺母702的方式调节对端盖5表面的预紧力，进而调节螺杆701对压盘602表面的抵接力。此处优选地，各个安装孔601可 均为螺纹孔，如此可与螺杆701的末端形成螺纹连接，方便拆装，同时便于调节预紧力；各个贯通孔501可为光孔，从而方便螺杆701的杆体顺利穿过。
此外，拉紧杆7一般同时设置有2～4个(指单端)，而安装孔601与贯通孔501的开设数量(指单端)可与拉紧杆7的数量相同，并且各个安装孔601可沿压盘602的周向方向均匀地开设在其外侧表面上，同时各个贯通孔501可沿端盖5的周向方向均匀地开设在其表面中心区域。此处优选地，各个安装孔601与各个贯通孔501的朝向均平行于转子转轴2的轴向，如此设置，拉紧杆7的末端即可垂直地抵接在压盘602的表面上，从而避免对压圈6造成沿径向的分力。当然，若拉紧杆7呈一定角度倾斜地插设，并且对压圈6形成的径向分力朝向转子转轴2的轴心，则可以起到一定加强套环603对转子转轴2周向定位的作用。
本实施例还提供一种牵引电机，主要包括壳体1和设置在壳体1内的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，其中，该转子轴承免解体拆装结构的主要内容与上述相关内容相同，此处不再赘述。
需要说明的是，本实施例中所提供的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，尤其适用于牵引电机，但并不仅限于牵引电机，还可同时适用于其余类型的电机，如全封闭电机、开启式电机、同步电机或者异步电机等，另外还可用于驱动单元一体化电机不落架进行电机轴承更换的场合，实现在线拆卸电机轴承。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种转子轴承免解体拆装结构，包括设置于壳体(1)内的转子转轴(2)和套设于所述转子转轴(2)上的转子轴承(3)，其特征在于，还包括可拆卸地套设于所述转子轴承(3)外圈上的轴承座(4)、设置于所述壳体(1)的轴向两端的端盖(5)、套设于所述转子转轴(2)上并紧贴在转子铁芯(201)的两端端面上的压圈(6)，以及可拆卸地连接于所述端盖(5)与所述压圈(6)之间、用于使所述压圈(6)压紧所述转子铁芯(201)端面以夹紧固定所述转子转轴(2)的拉紧杆(7)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，其特征在于，所述压圈(6)的端面上开设有用于与所述拉紧杆(7)配合的安装孔(601)，所述端盖(5)的表面上开设有位置与所述安装孔(601)相对应、用于供所述拉紧杆(7)通过的贯通孔(501)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，其特征在于，所述安装孔(601)同时设置有2～4个，且沿周向均匀地开设在所述压圈(6)的端面上；所述贯通孔(501)的设置数量与所述安装孔(601)的设置数量相同，且沿周向均匀地开设在所述端盖(5)的表面上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，其特征在于，所述拉紧杆(7)包括螺杆(701)和螺纹连接在其外端上并压紧在所述端盖(5)的外表面上、用于调节所述螺杆(701)的预紧力的调节螺母(702)，且所述安装孔(601)具体为螺纹孔。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，其特征在于，各所述安装孔(601)及各所述贯通孔(501)的朝向均平行于所述转子转轴(2)的轴向，且所述拉紧杆(7)垂直压紧在所述压圈(6)的端面上。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，其特征在于，所述压圈(6)包括呈环状并与所述转子铁芯(201)的端面紧贴的压盘(602)、连接于所述压盘(602)表面上并套设在所述转子转轴(2)上的套环(603)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，其特征在于，所 述安装孔(601)开设于所述压盘(602)的表面上；所述套环(603)具有弹性，且其内径小于所述转子转轴(2)上对应部位的外径。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，其特征在于，所述端盖(5)的中心区域镂空，且端盖(5)的内圆面与所述轴承座(4)的外圆面抵接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，其特征在于，所述端盖(5)的外缘通过紧固件(8)与所述壳体(1)可拆卸连接。
  10. 一种牵引电机，包括壳体(1)和设置于所述壳体(1)内的转子轴承免解体拆装结构，其特征在于，所述转子轴承免解体拆装结构具体为权利要求1-9任一项所述的转子轴承免解体拆装结构。
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