WO2021093034A1 - 一种牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021093034A1 WO2021093034A1 PCT/CN2019/121874 CN2019121874W WO2021093034A1 WO 2021093034 A1 WO2021093034 A1 WO 2021093034A1 CN 2019121874 W CN2019121874 W CN 2019121874W WO 2021093034 A1 WO2021093034 A1 WO 2021093034A1
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- bearing
- traction motor
- rotor assembly
- disassembling
- cylindrical section
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/14—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of motor maintenance, and more specifically, to a disassembly device for a traction motor bearing.
- the present invention also relates to a method applied to the above-mentioned dismounting device of the traction motor bearing.
- the rotor 01 of the traction motor in the prior art is installed on the central axis.
- the operation and maintenance requirements and technical level of rail vehicles are increasing day by day.
- the working status and maintenance requirements of the various components on the vehicle are not the same, and the bearing of the traction motor is the core stress component.
- the maintenance of the bearing is extremely critical and must be carried out within the specified time or kilometers. Check or replace.
- Traction motor bearings need to be overhauled or replaced regularly.
- the motor when overhauling or replacing traction motor bearings, the motor needs to be dropped off and returned to the factory, and professional tools are used to disassemble the motor, separate the stator and rotor, and then pull out the bearing for testing or replacement. .
- the entire disassembly cycle is long, the process is cumbersome, a specific site and special tooling are required, and the maintenance cost and maintenance resource consumption are large.
- the above process cannot be simplified, resulting in a large time span for fault analysis and resolution, which affects the normal production process.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a traction motor bearing disassembly device, which can replace the bearing without disassembling the stator and rotor.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method applied to the above-mentioned dismounting device of the traction motor bearing.
- a dismounting device for a traction motor bearing comprising: a fixing device for fixing the rotor assembly in both the axial direction and the radial direction, and a separating device for separating the bearing and the central shaft for installing the bearing; the separating device A connection part for fixed connection with the bearing is provided.
- the fixing device includes an upper fixing part for mating with a positioning groove of the upper half of the rotor assembly, and a lower fixing part for mating with a positioning groove of the lower half of the rotor assembly.
- the upper fixing portion and the lower fixing portion are both eccentric pin structures, and the upper fixing portion includes at least one eccentric pin structure, and the lower fixing portion includes at least one eccentric pin structure.
- the eccentric pin structure includes a first cylindrical section for contacting with the light hole of the end cover and a second cylindrical section for mating with the groove of the rotor pressing ring, and the diameter of the first cylindrical section is Larger than the diameter of the second cylindrical section, the central axes of the first cylindrical section and the second cylindrical section do not coincide.
- the separation device includes a clamping part for clamping connection with the outer ring of the bearing.
- the separating device is a bearing sleeve.
- a method for disassembling a traction motor bearing which is applied to any one of the above-mentioned disassembling devices for a traction motor bearing, includes:
- the pulling out of the bearing to be disassembled includes:
- the method includes:
- the method includes:
- the traction motor bearing disassembling device includes: a fixing device for fixing the rotor assembly in both the axial and radial directions, and a separating device for separating the bearing and the central shaft for mounting the bearing; the separating device is provided with useful In the connection part fixedly connected with the bearing.
- the rotor assembly In the process of disassembling the bearing of the traction motor, the rotor assembly can be positioned by the fixing device.
- the fixing device can realize the circumferential and radial positioning of the rotor assembly, and then the bearing is taken out and disassembled by the separating device.
- the traction motor bearing dismounting device provided by the present invention can avoid dismounting the rotor assembly and the stator assembly, simplifying the dismounting process of the bearing, and at the same time shortening the dismounting time of the bearing and improving the work efficiency;
- the traction motor bearing disassembling device provided by the present invention can be applied to a motor with a single-end bearing, and can also be applied to a motor with two-end bearings, and has a wide range of applications.
- the present invention also provides a method for disassembling a traction motor bearing applied to the above-mentioned traction motor bearing disassembling device.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of a traction motor bearing in the prior art
- Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the installation position of the traction motor bearing disassembly device provided by the present invention in the traction motor;
- FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of the bearing disassembly process in Figure 2;
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment 1 of the way the eccentric pin structure is divided into the motor end cover;
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the eccentric pin structure in the motor end cover division
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the position of the mounting hole of the eccentric structure in the single-bearing motor
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the bearing disassembly process in a single-bearing motor
- Figure 8 is a front view of the eccentric structure
- Figure 9 is a right side view of the eccentric structure in Figure 8.
- Fig. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a method for disassembling a traction motor bearing provided by the present invention.
- 01 is the rotor
- 1 is the rotor pressing ring
- 2 is the motor end cover
- 3 is the oil seal
- 4 is the bearing sleeve
- 5 is the central shaft
- 6 is the eccentric pin structure
- 7 is the end ring.
- the core of the present invention is to provide a traction motor bearing disassembly device, which can simplify the disassembly process of the bearing and shorten the disassembly time.
- Another core of the present invention is to provide a method for disassembling a traction motor bearing applied to the above-mentioned traction motor bearing dismounting device.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the traction motor bearing in the prior art
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the traction motor bearing disassembly device provided by the present invention in the traction motor
- Figure 3 is a diagram 2.
- FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the bearing disassembly process in 2;
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of specific embodiment 1 of the eccentric pin structure in the motor end cover division mode;
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the eccentric pin structure in the specific embodiment 2 of the motor end cover division mode;
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the position of the mounting hole of the eccentric structure in a single-bearing motor;
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the bearing disassembly process in a single-bearing motor;
- Figure 8 is a front view of the eccentric structure;
- Figure 9 is a right view of the eccentric structure in Figure 8;
- 10 is a schematic flow diagram of the method for disassembling the traction motor bearing provided by the present invention.
- the dismounting device of the traction motor bearing includes: a fixing device for fixing the rotor assembly in both the axial direction and the radial direction, and a separating device for separating the bearing from the central shaft 5; the separating device is provided with The bearing is fixedly connected to the connecting part, and the central shaft 5 is used for mounting the bearing.
- the rotor assembly In the process of disassembling the bearing of the traction motor, the rotor assembly can be positioned by the fixing device first, and the fixing device can realize the circumferential and radial positioning of the rotor assembly, and then the bearing can be taken out and disassembled by the separating device.
- the traction motor bearing disassembling device provided in this embodiment can avoid disassembling the rotor assembly and the stator assembly, simplifying the dismounting process of the bearing, and shortening the dismounting time of the bearing at the same time. Work efficiency; in addition, the traction motor bearing disassembling device provided by the present invention can be applied to motors with single-end bearings, and can also be applied to motors with two-end bearings, and has a wide range of applications.
- the fixing device may include an upper fixing part that cooperates with the positioning groove of the upper half of the rotor assembly, and a lower fixing part for cooperation with the positioning groove of the lower half of the rotor assembly.
- the positioning groove can be provided on the rotor pressing ring 1, or on the end ring 7, of course, can also be provided on the structure of other parts fixedly connected with the rotor 01, which is specifically determined according to the actual situation. Do repeats.
- the upper part of the rotor assembly means that when the rotor is installed, the rotor is separated by a section parallel to the horizontal plane, and separated into two parts with equal upper and lower volumes.
- the upper part is the upper part and the lower part is the lower half. section.
- a fixing device is arranged on the lower half of the rotor assembly, which can play a supporting role and make the fixing of the rotor assembly more stable.
- both the upper fixing portion and the lower fixing portion may be eccentric pin structures 6, and the upper fixing portion includes at least one eccentric pin structure 6, and the lower fixing portion includes at least one eccentric pin structure 6.
- the upper fixing portion when the traction motor is a single-bearing motor, the upper fixing portion includes at least one eccentric pin structure 6, and the lower fixing portion includes at least one eccentric pin structure 6, and when the traction motor is a dual-bearing motor, the upper fixing portion includes There are at least two eccentric pin structures 6, and the lower fixing part includes at least two eccentric pin structures 6.
- the eccentric pin structure 6 is used to solve two problems: First, the dimensional accuracy of the inner circular surface of the end ring 7 of the motor or the groove inner circular surface of the rotor pressing ring 1 does not need to be too high, and can be within the allowable deviation range. Under normal circumstances, there can be an error within 1mm, which reduces the positioning accuracy of the eccentric pin structure 6 and the difficulty of matching the eccentric pin structure 6 with the inner circular surface; the second is that the eccentric pin can generate a certain radial clamping force to the inner circle A certain pre-tightening force on the surface ensures stable contact, and finally achieves the purpose of simple and reliable support of the rotor.
- the eccentric pin is matched with the light hole on the end cover with a small gap. After the eccentric pin contacts the inner circular surface of the rotor groove, there is a large reaction force at the light hole of the end cover due to the cantilever beam. It can produce relatively large friction to provide axial positioning for the rotor.
- Eccentric pin eccentric distance, diameter, rigidity requirements, the center position of the end cover light hole, the size of the inner circular surface of the end ring 7 of the motor or the groove inner circular surface of the rotor pressing ring 1 needs to be designed reasonably to realize the self-locking The function of radial and axial positioning of the rotor.
- the eccentric pins are concentrated on the upper part to bear most of the weight of the rotor. Setting two eccentric pins below the horizontal line prevents the rotor from moving up or left and right.
- the structure of the eccentric pin can be further limited, so that the eccentric pin structure 6 includes a first cylindrical section for contact with the light hole of the end cover and a groove for matching with the rotor pressing ring 1
- the diameter of the first cylindrical section is greater than the diameter of the second cylindrical section, and the central axes of the first cylindrical section and the second cylindrical section do not coincide.
- the end of the eccentric structure 6 is provided with a square head that is convenient to use a wrench.
- the first cylindrical section is used to fit with the through hole on the motor end cover 2, and the second cylindrical section is used to fit with the positioning groove.
- the eccentric pin structure can be used first. 6 Insert into the through hole in the upper half of the motor end cover 2 until the second cylindrical section enters the positioning groove, and continue to move the eccentric pin structure 6 until the end of the eccentric pin structure 6 contacts the bottom surface of the positioning groove, Then rotate the eccentric pin to make the outer surface of the second cylindrical section fit the upper surface of the positioning groove; then, insert the eccentric pin structure 6 into the through hole in the lower half of the motor end cover 2 until the second cylindrical section Enter the positioning groove and continue to move the eccentric pin structure 6 until the end of the eccentric pin structure 6 contacts the bottom surface of the positioning groove, and then rotate the eccentric pin so that the outer surface of the second cylindrical section is attached to the lower surface of the positioning groove Together, the positioning of the rotor assembly is realized.
- the eccentric pin structure 6 is distributed line symmetrically with respect to the central axis 5 of the motor end cover 2 in the vertical direction.
- the separating device in order to make the disassembly process of the bearing more convenient, can be made to include a clamping part for clamping connection with the outer ring of the bearing. When the bearing is removed, the separating device can be pulled out achieve.
- the clamping portion may be a boss protrudingly provided on the separation device, or may have other structures, which are specifically determined according to actual conditions.
- the separating device is the bearing sleeve 4, and the specific structure of the bearing sleeve 4 needs to be determined according to the type of bearing; for example, the inner ring size of the bearing sleeve 4 can be made smaller than the outer ring size of the bearing to achieve interference fit, or for setting It is a buckle for clamping and fixing the bearing.
- the present invention also provides a method applied to the traction motor bearing disassembly device disclosed in the above embodiment.
- the traction motor bearing disassembly method includes:
- Step S1 Fix the rotor assembly so that the radial and axial directions of the rotor assembly are both fixed.
- Step S2 pull out the bearing to be disassembled.
- the method for disassembling the bearing of the traction motor disclosed in this specific embodiment does not need to disassemble the rotor assembly, nor does it need to move the rotor assembly, which makes the process of dismounting the bearing more convenient and shortens the disassembly time of the bearing. .
- step S2 includes:
- Step S21 pull out the bearing to be disassembled at the fixed end of the rotor assembly.
- Step S22 install a new bearing on the fixed end.
- Step S23 pull out the bearing to be disassembled at the floating end of the rotor assembly.
- Step S24 install a new bearing on the floating end.
- step S21 and step S22 it includes:
- Step S211 clean the bearing chamber at the fixed end and add new grease.
- step S23 and step S24 it includes:
- Step S231 clean the bearing chamber of the floating end and add new grease.
- Figure 2- Figure 5 shows the installation diagram of the disassembly device of the traction motor bearing in the two-end bearing motor.
- the motor end covers 2 at both ends are provided with through holes for installing the eccentric pin structure 6.
- Two are located in the upper half and two are located in the lower half.
- the central shaft 5 is provided with an oil seal 3, and the outer circumference of the bearing is covered with a bearing sleeve 4.
- the specific disassembly process of the bearing is as follows:
- the single-bearing motor only has a cylindrical bearing at the non-drive end, and the drive end motor is directly connected to the gearbox without an end cover.
- the rotating shaft is connected to the pinion shaft on the gearbox through a flexible coupling.
- Torque, the pinion shaft is mounted on the gearbox, and radially supported and axially positioned by two column bearings and one ball bearing. That is, the axial direction of the rotor of the traction motor is also positioned. Therefore, before disassembling the bearing, only the motor rotor needs to be radially supported and fixed to keep the axis of the rotor consistent with the original position.
- the motor end cover 2 of the single-bearing motor is provided with a through hole for inserting the eccentric pin structure 6, and the rotor pressing ring 1 on one side is provided with a positioning groove for matching with the eccentric pin structure 6.
- the device and method for disassembling traction motor bearings mentioned in this application document adopts the eccentric pin structure 6 to support the rotor to ensure that under-constraint or over-constraint is not generated, the positioning accuracy is not high, and the operation is simple. And the motor itself does not need to add additional parts; it can realize the online replacement technology of the motor without dropping the car.
- first and second of the first cylindrical section and the second cylindrical section mentioned in this application document are only for distinguishing the difference in position, and there is no order of sequence.
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Abstract
一种牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，包括：用于使转子组件的轴向、径向均固定的固定装置以及用于分离轴承与用于安装轴承的中心轴（5）的分离装置；分离装置设置有用于与轴承固定连接的连接部。该牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，可以避免对转子组件及定子组件进行拆卸，使轴承的拆卸过程简化，同时，也缩短了轴承的拆卸时间，提高了工作效率；另外，该牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置可以应用于单端轴承的电机，也可以应用于两端轴承的电机，适用范围广。还公开了一种应用于该牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置的牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法。
Description
本申请要求于2019年11月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为201911114001.8、发明名称为“一种牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明涉及电机维修技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置。此外，本发明还涉及一种应用于上述牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置的方法。
如图1所示，现有技术中牵引电机的转子01安装于中心轴上，随着轨道交通的高速发展，轨道车辆的运营维护要求和技术水平在日益提高。车辆上各部件的工作状态和维护要求不尽相同，而牵引电机的轴承是核心受力部件，为保证车辆的运行安全，轴承的检修维护工作异常关键，在规定的时间或者公里数内必须进行检测或者更换。
牵引电机轴承需要定期检修或更换，现有技术中在检修或更换牵引电机轴承时，需将电机落车返厂，采用专业工具拆解电机，分离定转子，然后将轴承拔出进行检测或者更换。整个拆卸周期较长，过程繁琐，需特定的场地和专用工装，检修成本和检修资源消耗大。特别是需对故障轴承进行拆解时，上述流程无法简化，导致故障分析解决的时间跨度很大，影响了正常的生产过程。
综上所述，如何提供一种在不分离定转子的情况下对轴承进行更换的装置，是目前本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，可以在不拆卸定转子的情况下对轴承进行更换。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种应用于上述牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置的方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，包括：用于使转子组件的轴向、径向均固定的固定装置以及用于分离轴承与用于安装所述轴承的中心轴的分离装置；所述分离装置设置有用于与所述轴承固定连接的连接部。
优选的，所述固定装置包括用于与所述转子组件上半部分的定位凹槽配合的上固定部、以及用于与所述转子组件下半部分的定位凹槽配合的下固定部。
优选的，所述上固定部和所述下固定部均为偏心销结构，且所述上固定部包括至少一个所述偏心销结构，所述下固定部包括至少一个所述偏心销结构。
优选的，所述偏心销结构包括用于与端盖的光孔接触的第一圆柱段以及用于与所述转子压圈凹槽配合的第二圆柱段，且所述第一圆柱段的直径大于所述第二圆柱段的直径，所述第一圆柱段与所述第二圆柱段的中心轴线不重合。
优选的，所述分离装置包括用于与所述轴承的外圈卡接连接的卡接部。
优选的，所述分离装置为轴承套。
一种牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法，应用于上述任一项所述的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，包括：
固定转子组件，以使所述转子组件的径向与轴向均固定；
拔出需要拆卸的轴承。
优选的，所述拔出需要拆卸的轴承，包括：
拔出所述转子组件固定端需要拆卸的轴承；
在所述固定端安装新轴承；
拔出所述转子组件浮动端需要拆卸的轴承；
在所述浮动端安装所述新轴承。
优选的，所述拔出所述转子组件固定端需要拆卸的轴承之后，所述在所述固定端安装新轴承之前，包括：
清洁所述固定端的轴承室，并加入新油脂。
优选的，所述拔出所述转子组件浮动端需要拆卸的轴承之后；所述在所述浮动端安装所述新轴承之前，包括：
清洁所述浮动端的轴承室，并加入新油脂。
本发明提供的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，包括：用于使转子组件的轴向、径向均固定的固定装置以及用于分离轴承与用于安装轴承的中心轴的分离装置；分离装置设置有用于与轴承固定连接的连接部。
在对牵引电机的轴承进行拆卸的过程中，可以先将转子组件通过固定装置进行定位，固定装置可以使转子组件实现周向及径向的定位，然后通过分离装置将轴承取出、进行拆卸，相比于现有技术，本发明提供的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，可以避免对转子组件及定子组件进行拆卸，使轴承的拆卸过程简化，同时，也缩短了轴承的拆卸时间，提高了工作效率；另外，本发明提供的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置可以应用于单端轴承的电机，也可以应用于两端轴承的电机，适用范围广。
此外，本发明还提供了一种应用于上述牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置的牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术中牵引电机轴承的安装结构示意图；
图2为本发明所提供的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置在牵引电机中安装位置的结构示意图；
图3为图2中轴承拆卸过程的示意图；
图4为偏心销结构在电机端盖分部方式的具体实施例一的示意图；
图5为偏心销结构在电机端盖分部方式的具体实施例二的示意图；
图6为单轴承电机中偏心结构安装孔的位置示意图；
图7为单轴承电机中轴承拆卸过程的示意图；
图8为偏心结构的正视图；
图9为图8中偏心结构的右视图；
图10为本发明所提供的牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法的流程示意图。
图1-10中：
01为转子、1为转子压圈、2为电机端盖、3为油封、4为轴承套、5为中心轴、6为偏心销结构、7为端环。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的核心是提供一种牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，可以简化轴承的拆卸过程，缩短拆卸时间。本发明的另一核心是提供一种应用于上述牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置的牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法。
请参考图1-10，图1为现有技术中牵引电机轴承的安装结构示意图；图2为本发明所提供的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置在牵引电机中安装位置的结构示意图；图3为图2中轴承拆卸过程的示意图；图4为偏心销结构在电机端盖分部方式的具体实施例一的示意图；图5为偏心销结构在电机端盖分部方式的具体实施例二的示意图；图6为单轴承电机中偏心结构安装孔的位置示意图；图7为单轴承电机中轴承拆卸过程的示意图；图8为偏心结构的正视图；图9为图8中偏心结构的右视图；图10为本发明所提供的牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法的流程示意图。
本具体实施例提供的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，包括：用于使转子组件的轴向、径向均固定的固定装置以及用于分离轴承与中心轴5的分离装置；分离装置设置有用于与轴承固定连接的连接部，中心轴5用于安装轴承。
在对牵引电机的轴承进行拆卸的过程中，可以先将转子组件通过固定装置进行定位，固定装置可以使转子组件实现周向及径向的定位，然后通过分离装置将轴承取出、进行拆卸。
相比于现有技术，本具体实施例提供的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，可以避免对转子组件及定子组件进行拆卸，使轴承的拆卸过程简化，同时，也缩短了轴承的拆卸时间，提高了工作效率；另外，本发明提供的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置可以应用于单端轴承的电机，也可以应用于两端轴承的电机，适用范围广。
在上述实施例的基础上，可以使固定装置包括与转子组件上半部分的定位凹槽配合的上固定部、以及用于与转子组件下半部分的定位凹槽配合的下固定部。
需要进行说明的是，定位凹槽可以设置于转子压圈1，也可以设置于端环7，当然还可以设置于与转子01固定连接的其它零部件结构，具体根据实际情况确定，在此不做赘述。
另外，转子组件上半部分是指转子在安装状态下，将转子用平行于水平面的截面进行分离，分离为上下体积相等的两部分，其中位于上部的为上半部分，位于下部的为下半部分。
在转子组件的下半部分设置固定装置，可以起到支撑的作用，使转子组件固定的更加稳固。
在上述实施例的基础上，可以使上固定部和下固定部均为偏心销结构6，且上固定部包括至少一个偏心销结构6，下固定部包括至少一个偏心销结构6。
需要进行说明的是，当牵引电机为单轴承电机时，上固定部包括至少一个偏心销结构6，下固定部包括至少一个偏心销结构6，当牵引电机为双轴承电机时，上固定部包括至少两个偏心销结构6，下固定部包括至少两 个偏心销结构6。
另外，采用偏心销结构6是为了解决两个问题：一是电机的端环7内圆面或者转子压圈1的凹槽内圆面的尺寸精度无需太高，可以在允许的偏差范围内，一般情况下，可以存在误差在1mm以内，降低了偏心销结构6的定位精度以及偏心销结构6与内圆面的配合难度；二是偏心销能产生一定的径向夹紧力，给内圆面一定的预紧力保证稳定的接触，最终达到简单可靠的支撑转子的目的。
同时，偏心销与端盖上的光孔小间隙配合，偏心销与转子凹槽内圆面接触受力后在端盖光孔处由于悬臂梁作用存在较大的支反力，从而在配合处能产生较大的摩擦力，以对转子提供轴向定位作用。
偏心销偏心距离、直径大小、刚度要求、端盖光孔的中心位置、电机的端环7内圆面或者转子压圈1的凹槽内圆面的尺寸需合理设计来实现偏心销自锁、转子径向轴向定位的功能。
考虑电机水平放置，偏心销集中分布在上半部分承担转子绝大部分重量，设置两个偏心销在水平线以下是防止转子往上或者左右移动。
在上述实施例的基础上，可以对偏心销的结构进行进一步的限定，使偏心销结构6包括用于与端盖的光孔接触的第一圆柱段以及用于与转子压圈1凹槽配合的第二圆柱段，且第一圆柱段的直径大于第二圆柱段的直径，第一圆柱段与第二圆柱段的中心轴线不重合。
优选的，偏心结构6的端部设置有方便使用扳手的方头。
如图8、图9所示，第一圆柱段用于与电机端盖2上的通孔配合，第二圆柱段用于与定位凹槽配合，在使用的过程中，可以先将偏心销结构6插入电机端盖2中位于上半部分的通孔中，直至第二圆柱段进入定位凹槽，并继续移动偏心销结构6，直至偏心销结构6的端部与定位凹槽的底面接触，然后旋转偏心销，使第二圆柱段的外表面与定位凹槽的上表面贴合；然后，将偏心销结构6插入电机端盖2中位于下半部分的通孔中，直至第二圆柱段进入定位凹槽，并继续移动偏心销结构6，直至偏心销结构6的端部与定位凹槽的底面接触，然后旋转偏心销，使第二圆柱段的外表面与定位凹槽的下表面贴合，实现转子组件的定位。
如图4、图5所示，优选的，偏心销结构6关于电机端盖2的竖直方向的中心轴5线对称分布。
需要进行说明的是，如图2、图3所示，在双轴承电机中，两端的偏心销结构6均与定位凹槽配合，实现转子组件的径向定位，同时，由于偏心销结构6由电机端盖2的通孔插入，且在转子组件重力的作用下，具有弯曲的趋势，因此偏心销结构6与电机端盖2的通孔内壁之间具有摩擦力，可以实现转子组件的轴向定位；当牵引电机为单轴承电机时，定位原理相同。
在上述实施例的基础上，为了使轴承的拆卸过程更加方便，可以使分离装置包括用于与轴承的外圈卡接连接的卡接部，在拆缷轴承时，可以通过将分离装置拉出实现。
卡接部可以是凸出设置于分离装置的凸台，也可以是其它结构，具体根据实际情况确定。
优选的，分离装置为轴承套4，轴承套4的具体结构需要根据轴承的种类确定；例如，可以使轴承套4的内圈尺寸小于轴承的外圈尺寸，实现过盈配合，或者是设置用于卡接固定轴承的卡扣。
除了上述牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，本发明还提供一种应用于上述实施例公开的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置的方法，该牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法包括：
步骤S1，固定转子组件，以使转子组件的径向与轴向均固定。
步骤S2，拔出需要拆卸的轴承。
相比于现有技术，本具体实施例中公布的牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法不需要将转子组件进行拆卸，也不需要移动转子组件，使轴承的拆卸过程更加方便，且缩短了轴承的拆卸时间。
上述步骤S2包括：
步骤S21，拔出转子组件固定端需要拆卸的轴承。
步骤S22，在固定端安装新轴承。
步骤S23，拔出转子组件浮动端需要拆卸的轴承。
步骤S24，在浮动端安装新轴承。
在本具体实施例中，当对双轴承电机的轴承进行拆卸的过程中，转子组件定位之后，不需要重复定位，便可以完成两端轴承的拆卸和安装，简化了轴承的拆卸过程。
上述步骤S21与步骤S22之间，包括：
步骤S211，清洁固定端的轴承室，并加入新油脂。
在上述步骤S23与步骤S24之间，包括：
步骤S231，清洁浮动端的轴承室，并加入新油脂。
如图2-图5所示为两端轴承电机中牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置的安装示意图，两端的电机端盖2均设置有用于安装偏心销结构6的通孔，偏心销结构6中有4个位于上半部分，有两个位于下半部分，中心轴5设置有油封3，轴承的外周部套设有轴承套4，具体的轴承的拆卸过程如下：
拆掉轴承外圈和紧固螺栓，由端盖两端插入偏心销结构6并旋转在径向上卡住转子内圆面，可以是端环7内圆面也可以是转子压圈1的凹槽内圆面；拔出定位端的轴承套4带出轴承，或者通过轴承室预留的凹槽拔出定位端轴承；清洁定位端的轴承室并加入新油脂，准备压入新轴承；将定位端的新轴承压入轴承套4中；压定位端带轴承套4的新轴承的内外圈到理论位置，紧固内轴承座的安装螺栓；拔出浮动端轴承座和轴承，感应加热拔出浮动端轴承内圈；清洁浮动端轴承室加入新油脂，准备压入新轴承；浮动端新轴承内圈安装到位，外圈压入轴承套4；将浮动端轴承套4紧固到位，轴承更换完毕。
如图6、图7所示，单轴承电机只有在非传动端设置有圆柱轴承，传动端电机没有端盖直接与齿轮箱连接，转轴通过柔性联轴器与齿轮箱上的小齿轮轴相连传递转矩，小齿轮轴安装在齿轮箱上，通过两个柱轴承和一个球轴承进行径向支撑和轴向定位。即对牵引电机转子的轴向也进行了定位。因此，拆卸轴承之前只需将电机转子进行径向支撑固定，保持转子的轴线与原位置一致。
单轴承电机的电机端盖2设置有用于使偏心销结构6插入的通孔，一侧的转子压圈1设置有用于与偏心销结构6配合的定位凹槽，单轴承电机中轴承的拆卸过程如下：
拆掉轴承外盖和紧固螺栓，插入偏心销结构6并旋转一定的角度，在径向上卡住转子组件上的内圆面，可以是端环7内圆面或者转子压圈1的凹槽内圆面；拔出轴承套4带出轴承，感应加热拔出轴承内圈；清洁轴承室并加入新油脂，准备压入新轴承；将新轴承压入轴承套4中；压带轴承套4的新轴承的内外圈到理论位置，紧固轴承套4的安装螺栓，轴承更换完毕。
需要进行说明的是，本申请文件中提到的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置及方法，采用偏心销结构6支撑转子，确保不产生欠约束或者过约束，对定位精度要求不高，操作简单。且电机本身无需增加额外的零部件；可实现电机不落车的在线更换技术。
需要进一步说明的是，本申请文件中提到的第一圆柱段和第二圆柱段中的第一和第二只是为了区分位置的不同，并没有先后顺序之分。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。本发明所提供的所有实施例的任意组合方式均在此发明的保护范围内，在此不做赘述。
以上对本发明所提供的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置及方法进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，其特征在于，包括：用于使转子组件的轴向、径向均固定的固定装置以及用于分离轴承与用于安装所述轴承的中心轴(5)的分离装置；所述分离装置设置有用于与所述轴承固定连接的连接部。
- 根据权利要求1所述的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，其特征在于，所述固定装置包括用于与所述转子组件上半部分的定位凹槽配合的上固定部、以及用于与所述转子组件下半部分的定位凹槽配合的下固定部。
- 根据权利要求2所述的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，其特征在于，所述上固定部和所述下固定部均为偏心销结构(6)，且所述上固定部包括至少一个所述偏心销结构(6)，所述下固定部包括至少一个所述偏心销结构(6)。
- 根据权利要求3所述的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，其特征在于，所述偏心销结构(6)包括用于与端盖的光孔接触的第一圆柱段以及用于与所述转子压圈(1)凹槽配合的第二圆柱段，且所述第一圆柱段的直径大于所述第二圆柱段的直径，所述第一圆柱段与所述第二圆柱段的中心轴线不重合。
- 根据权利要求1所述的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，其特征在于，所述分离装置包括用于与所述轴承的外圈卡接连接的卡接部。
- 根据权利要求5所述的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，其特征在于，所述分离装置为轴承套(4)。
- 一种牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法，应用于上述权利要求1-6任一项所述的牵引电机轴承的拆卸装置，其特征在于，包括：固定转子组件，以使所述转子组件的径向与轴向均固定；拔出需要拆卸的轴承。
- 根据权利要求7所述的牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法，其特征在于，所述拔出需要拆卸的轴承，包括：拔出所述转子组件固定端需要拆卸的轴承；在所述固定端安装新轴承；拔出所述转子组件浮动端需要拆卸的轴承；在所述浮动端安装所述新轴承。
- 根据权利要求8所述的牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法，其特征在于，所述拔出所述转子组件固定端需要拆卸的轴承之后，所述在所述固定端安装新轴承之前，包括：清洁所述固定端的轴承室，并加入新油脂。
- 根据权利要求8所述的牵引电机轴承的拆卸方法，其特征在于，所述拔出所述转子组件浮动端需要拆卸的轴承之后；所述在所述浮动端安装所述新轴承之前，包括：清洁所述浮动端的轴承室，并加入新油脂。
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| CN103026593A (zh) * | 2010-10-06 | 2013-04-03 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 旋转电机、轴承装卸用夹具以及轴承更换方法 |
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| CN103026593A (zh) * | 2010-10-06 | 2013-04-03 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 旋转电机、轴承装卸用夹具以及轴承更换方法 |
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