WO2021082943A1

WO2021082943A1 - Multi-material multi-stage feeding gasifier

Info

Publication number: WO2021082943A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/121288
Authority: WO
Inventors: 许世森; 陶继业; 刘刚; 樊强; 陈智; 刘沅; 李小宇; 任永强
Original assignee: 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
Priority date: 2019-10-28
Filing date: 2020-10-15
Publication date: 2021-05-06
Also published as: CN110669553A

Abstract

A multi-material multi-stage feeding gasifier. A water-cooled wall (2), a pass partition (6), a descending cylinder (9), and a residue pool are distributed from top to bottom in sequence; an ignition and startup integrated burner (3) is inserted into the water-cooled wall (2) from the top of the water-cooled wall (2); slurry burners (5) are inserted into the water-cooled wall (2) from the middle of the side surface of the water-cooled wall (2); a through hole is provided in the middle of the pass partition (6); the bottom outlet of the water-cooled wall (2) is in communication with the top inlet of the descending cylinder (9) by means of the through hole; the bottom outlet of the descending cylinder (9) is inserted into the residue pool; the water-cooled wall (2) above the slurry burners (5) forms a first reaction chamber (I), and the water-cooled wall (2) below the slurry burners (5) forms a second reaction chamber (II); a chilling tank (III) is formed in the descending cylinder; powder burners (4) are inserted into the first reaction chamber (I); a chilling ring (7) is provided on the inner wall at the top of the descending cylinder (9); the chilling ring (7) is in communication with a chilling water port (8). The gasifier can implement the recycling of solid waste and waste liquid as resource, has low oxygen consumption, and can avoid the generation of dioxins.

Description

Multi-raw material graded feed gasifier

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy and chemical industry, and relates to a gasifier with multi-raw material graded feeding.

Background technique

The reduction, harmlessness and resource treatment of solid waste and waste liquid are important issues facing the whole society at present. In particular, solid waste and waste liquid containing toxic and harmful substances are often difficult to handle and costly. At present, according to the characteristics of waste, its disposal methods include incineration, landfill, fermentation and other treatment methods. Landfill and fermentation not only occupies a large area, but may also cause secondary pollution of soil, water and atmosphere; incineration can effectively reduce waste, but incineration releases a large amount of harmful dioxins. In addition, some solid wastes and waste liquids have low calorific value and are difficult to be incinerated.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a gasifier with multi-raw material hierarchical feeding, which can realize the resource utilization of solid waste and waste liquid, and has low oxygen consumption, and Can avoid the production of dioxin.

In order to achieve the above objective, the multi-raw material staged feed gasifier of the present invention includes an integrated ignition and start-up burner, a slurry burner, a gasifier shell, and a water-cooled wall and a substation arranged in the gasifier shell. Process partition, descending cylinder and slag pool;

The water wall, the dividing wall, the descending cylinder and the slag pool are distributed in sequence from top to bottom. The integrated burner for ignition and start is inserted into the water wall from the top of the water wall, and the slurry burner is inserted into the water wall from the middle of the side of the water wall. In the wall, a through hole is opened in the middle of the splitter partition. The bottom outlet of the water-cooled wall and the top inlet of the descending cylinder are connected through the through hole. The bottom outlet of the descending cylinder is inserted into the slag pool. The water-cooled wall forms the first reaction chamber, the water-cooled wall below the slurry burner forms the second reaction chamber, the chill tank is formed below the split partition, and each powder burner is inserted into the first reaction chamber;

A chill ring is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the descending cylinder, wherein the chill ring is in communication with the chill water interface;

The side of the gasifier shell is provided with a synthesis gas outlet, a water-cooled wall upper nozzle, and a water-cooled wall drainage port, wherein the syngas outlet faces the descending cylinder, and the bottom inlet of the water-cooled wall communicates with the water-cooled wall upper nozzle, The top outlet of the water wall is communicated with the water wall outlet.

The bottom of the slag tank is provided with a slag discharge port.

A number of bubble breakers are arranged between the descending cylinder and the inner wall of the gasification furnace shell, wherein each bubble breaker is located below the synthesis gas outlet, and each bubble breaker is sequentially distributed from top to bottom.

The powder burners are sequentially distributed in the circumferential direction. Each powder burner is provided with a powder channel and an oxygen channel. The powder passed into the powder channel is powder made of coal powder or solid waste. The powder conveying medium introduced into the material channel is CO ₂ or inert gas.

A refractory material layer is provided on the inner wall of the second reaction chamber.

The slurry burner is horizontally fixed at the throat between the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber, the number of slurry burners is greater than or equal to 2, and the slurry sprayed from the slurry burner is coal slurry or solid waste slurry. , Among them, the water used for pulping is wastewater containing organic matter.

The fuel passed into the ignition and start-up integrated burner is diesel or gas, and the combustion-supporting agent passed into the ignition and start-up integrated burner is oxygen, oxygen-enriched or air.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The gasifier with multi-raw materials and hierarchical feeding of the present invention will pulverize solid waste and pulp the waste liquid during specific operation. During operation, the gasifier adopts a two-stage feeding method. The prepared dry powder and oxygen undergo a gasification reaction in the first reaction chamber to produce high-temperature synthesis gas. The high-temperature synthesis gas descends to the entrance of the second reaction chamber. At this time, the slurry and a small amount of oxygen are sprayed into the second reaction chamber. The sensible heat of the high-temperature syngas quickly evaporates the water in the slurry, which effectively reduces the oxygen consumption during the gasification process in the second reaction chamber. At the same time, the slurry, oxygen and water vapor undergo a gasification reaction in the second reaction chamber. The synthesis gas produced by the reaction descends to the quench tank for rapid quenching, thereby completely avoiding the formation conditions of dioxins. The condensed ash is discharged from the slag discharge port, and the cooled synthesis gas is discharged through the synthesis gas outlet. Realize the resource utilization of solid waste and waste liquid, and provide an effective way for the resource utilization, harmlessness and reduction of solid waste and waste liquid.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

Among them, 1 is the gasification furnace shell, 2 is the water wall, 3 is the integrated burner for ignition and operation, 4 is the powder burner, 5 is the slurry burner, 6 is the splitter partition, and 7 is the chill ring , 8 is the chilled water interface, 9 is the descending cylinder, 10 is the bubble breaker, 11 is the slag discharge port, 12 is the synthesis gas outlet, 13 is the water inlet on the water wall, 14 is the water wall outlet, I is the first reaction chamber , II is the second reaction chamber, and III is the chill tank.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

1, the multi-raw material staged feed gasification furnace of the present invention includes an integrated ignition and start-up burner 3, a slurry burner 5, a gasification furnace shell 1 and a gasifier set in the gasification furnace shell 1. Water wall 2, splitter partition 6, descending tube 9 and slag pool; water wall 2, splitter partition 6, descending tube 9 and slag pool are distributed from top to bottom, and the integrated burner 3 for ignition starts from the water wall The top of 2 is inserted into the water wall 2, the slurry burner 5 is inserted into the water wall 2 from the middle of the side of the water wall 2, a through hole is opened in the middle of the splitter plate 6, and the bottom outlet of the water wall 2 and the descending cylinder The top inlet of 9 is communicated through the through hole, and the bottom outlet of the descending cylinder 9 is inserted into the slag tank. Among them, the water wall 2 above the slurry burner 5 forms the first reaction chamber I, and the water wall below the slurry burner 5 2 The second reaction chamber II is formed, and the chill tank III is formed below the splitter partition 6, and each powder burner 4 is inserted into the first reaction chamber I; the inner wall of the top of the descending cylinder 9 is provided with a chill ring 7, wherein , The chill ring 7 is connected to the chill water interface 8; the side of the gasifier shell 1 is provided with a syngas outlet 12, a water wall upper water port 13 and a water wall drain port 14, wherein the syngas outlet 12 is directly opposite In the descending cylinder 9, the bottom inlet of the water wall 2 is connected to the upper water port 13 of the water wall, the top outlet of the water wall 2 is connected to the water wall drain port 14, and the bottom of the slag tank is provided with a slag discharge port 11.

It should be noted that a number of bubble breakers 10 are provided between the descending cylinder 9 and the inner wall of the gasifier shell 1, wherein each bubble breaker 10 is located below the synthesis gas outlet 12, and each bubble breaker 10 is from above. Distributed in sequence from the bottom; the inner wall of the second reaction chamber II is provided with a refractory material layer.

Specifically, each powder burner 4 is sequentially distributed along the circumferential direction, and each powder burner 4 is provided with a powder channel and an oxygen channel, and the powder passed into the powder channel is made of coal powder or solid waste. The powder conveying medium in the powder channel is CO ₂ or inert gas.

The slurry burner 5 is horizontally fixed at the throat between the first reaction chamber I and the second reaction chamber II, the number of slurry burners 5 is greater than or equal to 2, and the slurry sprayed from the slurry burner 5 is coal slurry or Solid waste pulping, where the water used for pulping is waste water containing organics; the fuel passed into the ignition and start-up integrated burner 3 is diesel or gas, and the combustion-supporting gas is passed into the ignition and start-up integrated burner 3 The agent is oxygen, oxygen-enriched or air.

The working principle of the present invention is:

The main working principles of the invention include the principle of high-temperature gasification of carbon-containing organic matter in powder, the principle of pre-evaporation and gasification of slurry, and the principle of avoiding dioxin in the process of waste gasification.

The carbon-containing organic powder and pure oxygen undergo a gasification reaction in a high-temperature and low-oxygen atmosphere to generate synthesis gas. The slurry gasification is similar to the high-temperature vaporization of carbon-containing organic powder, but the slurry usually contains about 40% moisture. Therefore, in the gasification process, the oxygen consumption is high and the gasification efficiency is low. The present invention uses the sensible heat of the high-temperature synthesis gas of the first-stage gasification to pre-evaporate the slurry, so that the gasification characteristics are similar to those of the powder gasification, so as to improve Gasification efficiency reduces oxygen consumption. The high temperature entrained bed pure oxygen gasification reaction temperature is high, the organic molecules of complex structure are broken into CO and H ₂ , and the high temperature synthesis gas after gasification is quickly cooled by water chilling, thus completely avoiding the formation conditions of dioxin. It provides an effective way for the resource utilization, harmlessness and reduction of solid waste and waste liquid.

The specific working process of the present invention is:

Boiler water enters the water wall 2 through the upper water port 13 of the water wall to be heated, and is discharged from the water wall drain port 14 after being heated. The integrated burner 3 is ignited and started to realize the ignition of the gasifier and the heating and pressure increase of the gasifier, and the inside of the gasifier After rising to the preset pressure, put in the powder burner 4 and slurry burner 5 in turn, and exit the ignition and start the integrated burner 3. The gasification raw material and oxygen enter through the powder burner 4 and slurry burner 5 respectively A gasification reaction occurs in the first reaction chamber I and the second reaction chamber II. The high-temperature synthesis gas produced by the reaction carries the molten slag down into the descending cylinder 9, the chilled water enters the chill ring 7 through the chilled water interface 8, and the chilled water passes through The distribution and diversion of the chill ring 7 forms a uniform water film on the inner wall of the descending cylinder 9 to protect the descending cylinder 9. The synthesis gas contacts the water in the chill tank III to exchange heat, so as to realize the cooling and saturation of the high-temperature synthesis gas, while washing Most of the ash and the quenched syngas are discharged from the syngas outlet 12. In order to avoid bubbles in the quenching heat exchange process causing false liquid level and water, the bubble breaker 10 avoids the chilling mass transfer process. A large number of bubbles, condensed slag and slag water are discharged from the gasifier through the slag discharge port 11.

Example one

In this embodiment, the comprehensive utilization of chemical products produced by coke oven gas in a coking plant is taken as an example. In order to achieve the ratio of hydrocarbons, a coal gasification device is set up. At the same time, the plant has coke dust and biochemical wastewater collected by coke oven gas dust removal. Treated sludge and solid waste and waste liquid containing organic wastewater such as phenol and naphthalene.

The gasifier adopts two-stage feed. The first-stage feed uses 4 powder burners 4, which mix pulverized coal and coke powder ash for powder making and drying, and use CO ₂ as the conveying gas to pass the powder burner 4 into the gasifier; the second-stage feed The material is mixed with pulverized coal, sludge at the bottom of the biochemical pond and organic waste water to make a slurry, and is fed into the gasification furnace through the slurry burner 5 after being pressurized by the slurry pump.

The gasification pressure of the gasifier is 3.0MPa, and the gasification temperature is about 1500°C.

Before feeding the gasifier: establish the water circulation system of the water wall 2 through the water wall upper nozzle 13 and the water wall outlet 14; supply water to the chill tank III through the chill water interface 8 and the chill ring 7, and control the chill water interface 8 The amount of water entering and the amount of slag water discharged from the slag discharge port 11 are at an appropriate liquid level in the chill tank III.

The fuel of the ignition and start-up integrated burner 3 is diesel or gas, and the combustion-supporting agent is oxygen, oxygen-enriched or air, which can achieve -0.02～1.0Mpa stable combustion. After the pressure of the gasifier is increased to 1.0MPa, it is sequentially put into powder burning. Mouth 4.

A uniform liquid film is attached to the inner wall of the descending cylinder 9. The molten slag carried by the high-temperature gas enters the bottom of the chill tank III through the descending cylinder 9 and mixes with chilled water for heat exchange. The liquid slag is chilled into small glassy solid particles, and the slag is discharged The port 11 is discharged from the gasification furnace, and the high-temperature synthesis gas is discharged from the synthesis gas outlet 12 after cooling and saturation.

Claims

A gasifier with multi-raw material and staged feeding, which is characterized in that it comprises an integrated ignition and start-up burner (3), a slurry burner (5), a gasification furnace shell (1), and a gasification furnace shell The water-cooled wall (2), the dividing partition (6), the descending cylinder (9) and the slag pool in the body (1);

The water wall (2), the dividing wall (6), the descending cylinder (9) and the slag pool are distributed in order from top to bottom, and the integrated burner (3) is inserted into the water wall from the top of the water wall (2). In (2), the slurry burner (5) is inserted into the water wall (2) from the middle part of the side of the water wall (2), the middle part of the dividing partition (6) is provided with a through hole, and the water wall (2) The bottom outlet is communicated with the top inlet of the descending cylinder (9) through the through hole, and the bottom outlet of the descending cylinder (9) is inserted into the slag pool, where the water-cooled wall (2) above the slurry burner (5) forms the first In the reaction chamber (I), the water-cooled wall (2) below the slurry burner (5) forms the second reaction chamber (II), and the chill tank (III) is formed below the split partition (6), and each powder burner (4) Insert into the first reaction chamber (I);

A chill ring (7) is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the descending cylinder (9), wherein the chill ring (7) is in communication with the chill water interface (8);

The side of the gasifier shell (1) is provided with a synthesis gas outlet (12), a water-wall upper nozzle (13), and a water-wall drain (14), wherein the synthesis gas outlet (12) is facing the descending In the cylinder (9), the bottom inlet of the water wall (2) is communicated with the upper water port (13) of the water wall, and the top outlet of the water wall (2) is communicated with the water wall outlet (14).
The multi-raw material staged feed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the slag tank is provided with a slag discharge port (11).
The multi-raw material staged feed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of bubble breakers (10) are provided between the descending cylinder (9) and the inner wall of the gasifier shell (1), wherein , The bubble breakers (10) are located below the synthesis gas outlet (12), and the bubble breakers (10) are sequentially distributed from top to bottom.
The multi-raw material staged feed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the powder burners (4) are sequentially distributed along the circumferential direction, and each powder burner (4) is provided with a powder channel As well as the oxygen channel, the powder passed into the powder channel is powder made of coal powder or solid waste, and the powder conveying medium passed into the powder channel is CO 2 or inert gas.
The gasifier with multi-raw material staged feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that a refractory material layer is provided on the inner wall of the second reaction chamber (II).
The multi-raw material staged feed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the slurry burner (5) is horizontally fixed at the throat between the first reaction chamber (I) and the second reaction chamber (II) Part, the number of slurry burners (5) is greater than or equal to 2, the slurry sprayed from the slurry burner (5) is coal slurry or solid waste slurry, wherein the water used for the slurry is wastewater containing organic matter.
The multi-raw material staged feed gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel passed into the ignition and start integrated burner (3) is diesel or gas, and the ignition and start integrated burner (3) ) The combustion-supporting agent is oxygen, oxygen-enriched or air.