CN109054874B - Medical waste treatment method based on converter smoke waste heat utilization - Google Patents
Medical waste treatment method based on converter smoke waste heat utilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN109054874B CN109054874B CN201810509918.7A CN201810509918A CN109054874B CN 109054874 B CN109054874 B CN 109054874B CN 201810509918 A CN201810509918 A CN 201810509918A CN 109054874 B CN109054874 B CN 109054874B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
- C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/06—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated according to the moving bed type
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Abstract
The invention discloses a medical waste treatment method based on converter smoke waste heat utilization, which solves the problems of difficult treatment, environmental pollution and the like of the existing medical waste treatment. The technical scheme includes that the converter smelting process and the converter smoke waste heat recovery and purification process are included, in the oxygen blowing smelting stage of the converter smelting process, smoke generated by converter smelting is collected by a movable hood at the top of a converter and a converter smoke hood, enters a fluidized bed gasifier through a vaporization cooling flue, reversely contacts with medical waste injected from the middle upper portion of the fluidized bed gasifier for heat exchange, carries out high-temperature pyrolysis gasification on the medical waste, and mixed gas of gasified gas and smoke is discharged from the top of the fluidized bed gasifier and enters the subsequent converter smoke waste heat recovery and purification process. The invention has simple process, low investment and low operation cost, can effectively recover the sensible heat of the converter smoke dust while harmlessly treating the medical waste, improves the gas yield, saves energy and reduces consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical waste treatment and metallurgical energy-saving and environment-friendly, in particular to a medical waste treatment method based on converter smoke waste heat utilization.
Background
The medical waste usually contains a large amount of bacteria and viruses, is a first dangerous waste, has extremely strong infectivity, biotoxicity and corrosivity, and is easy to cause pollution to water, soil and air and generate direct harm to human bodies because the untreated medical waste or the medical waste which is not completely treated is randomly stacked. With the development of medical services, new technologies, new drugs and new diseases appear, and medical wastes are greatly changed in types and quantities. The problem of medical waste treatment has become a focus of worldwide attention, and medical waste is internationally regarded as top-level danger and fatal killer, and is also listed as No. 1 dangerous garbage in the book of dangerous garbage records in China. Therefore, it is of great importance to enhance the standardized management and harmless treatment of medical waste, both from the environmental protection and from the disease prevention and control.
The treatment technology of medical waste is still in the exploration stage in China, and the treatment technology commonly used at present is a high-temperature treatment method. After the medical garbage is treated at high temperature, not only bacteria and viruses are effectively and thoroughly killed, but also the great reduction of the garbage is realized. The specific scheme of high-temperature treatment mainly comprises an incineration method and a pyrolysis vaporization method.
Pyrolysis and incineration processes are 2 completely different processes. Incineration is an exothermic process, pyrolysis needs to absorb a large amount of heat, and the main products of incineration are carbon dioxide and water; whereas the products of pyrolysis are mainly combustible low-molecular compounds: gaseous hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide; liquid organic substances such as methanol, acetone, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, tar, solvent oil, etc.; the solid is mainly coke or carbon black. In addition, the large heat generated by burning can be used for generating electricity, the small heat can be only used for heating water or generating steam, the heat is suitable for being utilized nearby, and the products of pyrolysis are fuel oil and fuel gas, so that the storage and the remote transportation are convenient.
Compared with the burning method, the high-temperature pyrolysis vaporization has the following 3 characteristics:
1) pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke are burnt by the pyrolysis of the medical waste, combustible gas in the pyrolysis gas is used as fuel for pyrolysis burning, and the operation cost is greatly lower than that of a conventional burning method. In addition, the pyrolysis method requires a smaller air factor, produces a much smaller amount of flue gas, and requires a smaller flue gas purification apparatus, so that the overall cost is lower than that of the conventional incineration method.
2) In the conventional incineration treatment method, because oxygen-enriched combustion is adopted, dioxin is easily generated. The pyrolysis method is carried out under the conditions of oxygen deficiency and removal of acid gases such as chlorine, and generation of dioxin is greatly inhibited, so that the generation amount of the dioxin in the pyrolysis method is greatly reduced compared with that in the traditional incineration method.
3) The method has wide application range, does not need pretreatment and classification on the domestic and medical wastes, and can be directly put into a furnace for treatment.
The pyrolysis vaporization treatment of the medical waste conforms to the development direction of reduction, harmlessness and reclamation, and has the advantages of high energy recovery rate, small secondary pollution, good comprehensive economic benefit and the like. However, in the actual operation process, because a high-temperature heat source needs to be provided, and the subsequent pyrolysis gas needs to be purified, the process route for the pyrolysis vaporization treatment of the medical waste is long, the investment is large, the system is complex, and particularly when a high-temperature heat source generating device needs to be independently constructed, an additional flue gas purifying device can be constructed in a matched manner. Therefore, when the process of pyrolysis and vaporization treatment of medical waste is selected, the investment and the operation cost can be greatly reduced if a high-temperature heat source existing in the surrounding environment can be used. If the gas purification device existing in the surrounding environment can be used, the medical pyrolysis vaporization treatment process is greatly simplified.
In the ferrous metallurgy industry, the temperature of converter smoke dust generated in the converter steelmaking process is more than 1600 ℃, and a purification and recovery system of the converter smoke dust is built in the steelmaking process because the smoke dust contains a large amount of CO. If the pyrolysis vaporization treatment process of the medical waste is combined, the smoke dust of the high-temperature converter can be used as a heat source for the pyrolysis vaporization of the medical waste, the waste heat of the smoke dust can be efficiently recovered, and the investment of the medical treatment is effectively reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a method for treating medical waste based on converter smoke waste heat utilization, which has the advantages of simple process, investment saving, low operation cost, harmless treatment of medical waste, effective recovery of converter smoke sensible heat, improvement of coal gas yield, energy conservation and consumption reduction.
The technical scheme includes that the converter smelting process comprises a converter smelting process and a converter smoke waste heat recovery and purification process, the converter smelting process is a periodic repeated process in the stages of slag splashing and furnace protection, slag pouring, charging, oxygen blowing smelting and tapping, in the oxygen blowing smelting stage, smoke generated by converter smelting is collected by a movable hood skirt at the top of a converter and a converter smoke hood, enters a fluidized bed gasifier through a vaporization cooling flue, reversely contacts with medical garbage injected from the middle upper part of the fluidized bed gasifier for heat exchange, carries out high-temperature pyrolysis gasification on the medical garbage, and mixed gas of gasification gas and smoke is discharged from the top of the fluidized bed gasifier to enter the subsequent converter smoke waste heat recovery and purification process.
Further, the mixed gas from the fluidized bed gasifier is sent into a cold charge preheater and is in contact heat exchange with the steelmaking cold charge stored in the cold charge preheater, the smoke dust after heat exchange is discharged from the cold charge preheater and enters the subsequent converter smoke dust waste heat recovery and purification process, and the steelmaking cold charge in the cold charge preheater is discharged and sent into the converter in the next converter smelting process after heat exchange; the feeding and heat exchange processes of the cold charge preheater are alternately carried out in an intermittent manner, wherein the feeding process staggers the oxygen blowing smelting stage of the converter smelting process.
Furthermore, the cold material preheater comprises one or two or more cold material preheaters connected in series.
Further, when the cold charge preheaters are two or more than two in series, the cold charge in the first cold charge preheater is steelmaking scrap steel, and the steelmaking cold charge in the second and subsequent cold charge preheaters is at least one of limestone, dolomite or fluorite.
Furthermore, the mixed gas out of the fluidized bed gasifier enters the cold material preheater after the temperature of the mixed gas is adjusted by the regenerator or the combustion chamber, and the temperature of the mixed gas entering the cold material preheater is controlled at 800-1000 ℃.
Further, when a heat storage chamber is arranged, medical waste is not added into the fluidized bed gasifier at the initial stage of oxygen blowing smelting, smoke directly passes through the fluidized bed gasifier and enters the heat storage chamber to heat a heat storage body, the medical waste is added into the fluidized bed gasifier when the temperature of the smoke out of the heat storage chamber reaches 1000 ℃, when the temperature of the smoke at the outlet of the heat storage chamber is lower than 800 ℃, the feeding amount of the medical waste is reduced or stopped, and when the temperature of the smoke at the outlet of the heat storage chamber reaches 1000 ℃, the feeding amount is fed again or increased; when a combustion chamber is arranged, oxygen blowing smelting is started in the converter, meanwhile, medical waste is added into the fluidized bed gasifier, the adding speed of the medical waste is controlled, the temperature of mixed gas out of the combustion chamber is ensured to be between 800 and 1000 ℃, when the temperature of the mixed gas is less than 800 ℃, the combustion chamber is opened, air is supplemented, part of the mixed gas is combusted, the temperature of smoke dust is raised, when the temperature of the mixed gas reaches 1000 ℃, the air is stopped being supplemented to the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber stops combusting.
Furthermore, the mixed gas out of the regenerator is dedusted by cyclone and then sent into the cold material preheater, or the mixed gas out of the fluidized bed gasifier is dedusted by cyclone and then enters into the cold material preheater through the combustion chamber; and the ash collected after cyclone dust removal is returned to the fluidized bed gasifier.
Further, a feed inlet is formed in the top of the cold material preheater, a discharge outlet is formed in the bottom of the cold material preheater, an annular flue is formed in the middle of the cold material preheater, a sealing cover is arranged at the feed inlet, the sealing cover is covered after feeding is completed, a cavity is formed inside the cold material preheater, an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped annular partition plate is arranged on the annular flue in the cavity, the cavity inside the cold material preheater is divided into two sections by the annular partition plate, the upper section is a pre-storage section, the lower section is a heating section, a smoke inlet is formed in the lower portion of the heating section, a smoke outlet is formed in the upper annular flue region, a nitrogen inlet is formed in the lower portion of the pre-storage section, and nitrogen.
Further, controlling the temperature of the smoke dust entering the fluidized bed gasifier to be 1300-1500 ℃ by adjusting the cooling water amount of the vaporization cooling flue; the temperature of the mixed gas out of the last cold material preheater is controlled at 200-250 ℃ by adjusting the feeding quantity of the medical waste of the fluidized bed gasifier or the storage quantity of the cold material preheater.
In view of the problems in the background art, the inventor makes the following improvements:
(1) a fluidized bed gasifier for disposing medical waste is arranged beside a converter smoke vaporization cooling flue above a converter, the medical waste is introduced into the fluidized bed gasifier, 1300-1500 ℃ high-temperature converter smoke coming out of the vaporization cooling flue is introduced into the fluidized bed gasifier to carry out pyrolysis gasification on the medical waste, coal gas is generated, meanwhile, toxic and harmful substances in the medical waste can be thoroughly sterilized by the high-temperature smoke, gasified residues are general solid waste, the reduction and harmlessness of the medical waste are thoroughly solved, and the recycling of the medical waste is realized.
(2) In order to ensure effective and complete sterilization and disinfection of the medical waste, the temperature of the mixed gas flowing out of the fluidized bed gasifier is controlled to be 800-. In order to prevent the possibly existing mixed gas from being mixed unevenly or the gasification temperature is too low, so that partial mixed gas leaves the fluidized bed gasifier without being sterilized at the high temperature of 800 ℃, a heat storage chamber or a combustion chamber is additionally arranged behind the fluidized bed gasifier, so that the medical waste is ensured to be pyrolyzed and gasified at the sufficient smoke temperature, and the mixed gas leaving the fluidized bed gasifier is completely sterilized at the high temperature of about 800 ℃. When the heat storage chamber is arranged, medical waste is not added into the fluidized bed gasifier in the initial stage of oxygen blowing smelting, and the waste heat of converter smoke dust is utilized to heat the heat storage body to about 1000 ℃, so that the high-temperature sterilization of subsequent mixed gas is ensured.
(3) The mixed gas from the fluidized bed gasifier contains iron-containing dust, tar, carbon residue and the like, and the temperature is controlled to be above 800 ℃, so that the high-temperature sterilization of the mixed gas is ensured, the formation of graphite is effectively controlled, and the blockage of a subsequent system is avoided. And the mixed gas from the fluidized bed gasifier is sent into a subsequent cold material preheater to continuously preheat the cold material, so that the waste heat of the smoke dust is further recycled, and the entrained iron-containing dust, tar, carbon residue and the like are intercepted. After the cold charge is preheated, the temperature of the cold charge entering the converter is increased, the addition amount of the cold charge of the scrap steel can be increased, and the scrap steel ratio is increased. Meanwhile, the intercepted iron-containing dust enters the converter along with the cold burden, so that the iron resource in the converter smoke is recovered, the iron loss per ton of steel is reduced by over 10kg, and the ratio of scrap steel is improved by about 10%.
(4) According to the heat balance of converter steelmaking, the cold charge preheater can be provided with one or more than two cold charges connected in series, a plurality of cold charge preheaters connected in series are utilized to preheat different cold charges, preferably, the cold charge in the first cold charge preheater is scrap steel, and the cold charge in the second and subsequent cold charge preheaters is at least one of a plurality of steelmaking cold charges such as limestone, dolomite or fluorite. Scrap steel is placed in the first platform, and the main reasons are as follows: organic matters such as oil, grease and the like are contained in the scrap steel, and the organic matters contain sulfur components, need high temperature to carry out pyrolysis gasification on the scrap steel and carry out desulfurization; the heat conductivity of the scrap steel is far better than that of limestone, so that the temperature of mixed gas can be quickly reduced, and the system resistance is reduced; when the temperature of the mixed gas entering the cold charge preheater exceeds 1000 ℃ due to the operation fluctuation of the fluidized bed gasifier, the temperature of the mixed gas exchanging heat with the limestone can be ensured to be lower than the decomposition temperature of the limestone after the mixed gas exchanges heat with the scrap steel for cooling, and the limestone is prevented from being heated and decomposed in the cold charge preheater.
(5) The medical waste is pyrolyzed and gasified by using the high-temperature converter smoke dust in the fluidized bed gasifier, so that organic matter resources in the medical waste are fully recycled, the gas quantity is increased, oxygen leaked in the converter smoke dust collecting process is consumed, and the safety of the gas is improved. When the cold charge of the steel scrap is subjected to high-temperature air-separation pretreatment at about 1000 ℃ in a cold charge preheater, organic components such as oil, grease and the like brought in the steel scrap are fully pyrolyzed and gasified, the chemical energy of the organic components is recovered, the content of sulfur brought in the steel scrap entering a furnace is reduced, the secondary smoke generation amount of the steel scrap cold charge entering the furnace is reduced, and explosive smoke pollution during converter steelmaking is thoroughly avoided.
(6) The feeding process and the heat exchange process of the cold charge preheater are just consistent with the beat of the converter smelting process, the cold charge in the cold charge preheater is subjected to contact heat exchange in the oxygen blowing smelting stage of the converter smelting process, the feeding process of the cold charge preheater staggers the oxygen blowing smelting stage of the converter smelting, the smoke sensible heat utilization rate is high, the safety is good, the problem of mismatching of process flows does not exist, and the method is particularly suitable for the converter steelmaking process.
(7) The inventor optimally designs the structure of the cold material preheater, a feed inlet is arranged at the top, a discharge outlet is arranged at the bottom, an annular flue is arranged at the middle part, steel-making cold materials and mixed gas are in reverse contact heat exchange by adopting a structural form of top feeding and bottom discharging, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, the feed inlet is provided with a sealing cover for sealing the overflow of the mixed gas, the inside of the cold material preheater is a cavity, an annular partition plate (preferably in a shape of an inverted circular truncated cone) is arranged on the upper edge of the annular flue in the cavity, the cavity in the cold material preheater is divided into two sections by the annular partition plate, the upper section is a pre-storage section, the lower section is a heating section, the lower part of the heating section is provided with a smoke inlet, a smoke outlet is arranged in an annular flue area at the upper part of the heating section, the mixed gas is collected and discharged by the annular flue after heating the cold materials in the heating section, the annular partition plate, and a nitrogen inlet is arranged at the lower part of the prestoring section, and nitrogen is introduced for explosion prevention in the processes of feeding to a cold charge preheater and smelting in a converter.
In conclusion, the process is simple, the sensible heat of converter smoke dust is fully utilized to gasify medical waste and preheat cold materials, the heat recovered per ton of steel is more than 0.1GJ, the ferrite resource in the converter smoke dust is efficiently recovered, the recovery amount per ton of steel is more than 10kg, the cost of converter smoke dust treatment is reduced, explosive smoke dust pollution during converter steelmaking feeding is thoroughly avoided, and the safety and stability of the system are improved. Meanwhile, a converter gas purification and recovery system in the steelmaking process is fully utilized to recover the pyrolysis gas for purifying the medical waste. For a steel plant producing 1000 ten thousand tons of steel annually, compared with the existing converter gas dust removal process (dry method or wet method), the net benefit produced annually is more than 5 million yuan, the residual heat of converter smoke dust is recovered annually more than 100 million GJ, the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced annually by about 10 million tons, the iron loss is reduced annually (the iron is recovered) by more than 10 million tons, the medical garbage can be treated annually by about 2 million tons, and the high-heat-value pyrolysis gas is recovered annually by 300 million m3The above.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of example 3 of the present invention.
Wherein, the device comprises a 1-converter, a 1.1-converter smoke hood, a 1.2-movable cover skirt, a 2-fluidized bed gasifier, a 3-cyclone dust collector, a 4-regenerator, a 5-combustion chamber, a 6-cold charge preheater, a 6.1-annular flue, a 6.2-feed inlet, a 6.3-discharge outlet, a 6.4-smoke inlet, a 6.5-smoke outlet, a 6.6-nitrogen inlet, a 6.7-prestorage section, a 6.8-heating section, a 6.9-annular partition plate, a 7-gravity dust collector, an 8-waste heat boiler, a 9-dust collector, a 10-coal gas induced draft fan, an 11-switcher, a 12-diffusing tower, a 13-coal gas cabinet, a 14-vaporization cooling flue and a 15-slag storage tank.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the converter smelting process is a periodically repeated process of slag splashing and furnace protection, slag pouring, charging, oxygen blowing smelting and tapping water stages, in the oxygen blowing smelting stage, smoke dust at about 1600 ℃ generated by the converter 1 smelting is collected by a movable cover skirt 1.2 at the top of the converter 1 and the converter smoke cover 1.1, is cooled to 1300-1500 ℃ through a vaporization cooling flue 14 and enters a fluidized bed gasifier 2, and is in reverse contact heat exchange with medical waste injected from the middle upper part of the fluidized bed gasifier 2 to carry out high-temperature gasification on the medical waste, mixed gas of gasification gas and smoke dust enters a heat storage chamber 4 from the top of the fluidized bed gasifier 2, and gasified ash slag falls to the bottom and is discharged and sent to a slag storage tank 15 or the converter 1; the mixed gas is further disinfected and sterilized in the regenerator 4, the temperature is controlled at 800-;
at the initial stage of oxygen blowing smelting, medical waste is not added to the fluidized bed gasifier 2 firstly, smoke dust of the converter 1 directly penetrates through the fluidized bed gasifier 2 to enter the regenerator 4 to heat a heat accumulator, when the temperature of the smoke dust at the outlet of the regenerator 4 reaches 1000 ℃, the medical waste is added to the fluidized bed gasifier 2, when the temperature of the smoke dust at the outlet of the regenerator 4 is lower than 800 ℃, the feeding amount of the medical waste is reduced or the feeding is stopped, and when the temperature of the smoke dust at the outlet of the regenerator reaches 1000 ℃ again, the feeding amount is fed again or increased. That is, when the timing and amount of the medical waste to be fed into the fluidized bed gasifier 2 are controlled, the temperature of the flue dust (or the mixed gas) discharged from the regenerator 4 is firstly ensured to be 800-1000 ℃.
The mixed gas (800-. When scrap steel is added into the converter in the next smelting period, the intercepted iron-containing dust, tar, carbon residue and the like are metered and discharged from a discharge port 6.3 of the cold charge preheater 6 along with the scrap steel and then are fed into the converter 1; the mixed gas after heat exchange is discharged from the cold charge preheater 6 and enters the subsequent converter smoke dust waste heat recovery and purification process.
The feeding and heat exchange processes of the cold charge preheater 6 are alternately carried out in an intermittent manner, and the feeding process staggers the oxygen blowing smelting stage of the converter smelting process. Namely, in the oxygen blowing smelting stage, the process that the mixed gas continuously enters the cold charge preheater 6 from the smoke dust inlet 6.4 to exchange heat with the scrap steel is called as a heat exchange process, and at the moment, the mixed gas can not be fed into the cold charge preheater 6 but can be synchronously discharged; the cold charge preheater 6 can feed when no mixed gas is introduced for heat exchange (non-oxygen blowing smelting stage), and nitrogen is introduced in the feeding process, and the materials can be synchronously discharged.
In the converter smoke waste heat recovery and purification process: the mixed gas discharged from the cold material preheater 6 is subjected to primary dust removal by a gravity dust remover 7, then is subjected to waste heat recovery by a waste heat boiler 8 and is cooled to 150-plus 200 ℃, is subjected to secondary dust removal by a dust remover 9 and then is pressurized by a gas draught fan 10, and then is sent to a gas tank 13 through a switcher 11 for storage, and the redundant gas is sent to a diffusion tower 12 through the switcher 11 for discharge, so that the discharged gas meets the environmental protection requirement.
The cold material preheater is characterized in that a feed inlet 6.2 is formed in the top of the cold material preheater 6, a discharge outlet 6.3 is formed in the bottom of the cold material preheater 6, a ring-shaped flue 6.1 is formed in the middle of the cold material preheater 6, a sealing cover is arranged on the feed inlet 6.2 after the cold material preheater is covered, a cavity is formed inside the cold material preheater 6, a ring-shaped partition plate 6.9 is arranged on the upper edge of the ring-shaped flue 6.1 in the cavity, the cavity inside the cold material preheater is divided into two sections by the ring-shaped partition plate 6.9, the upper section is a pre-storage section 6.7, the lower section is a heating section 6.8, a smoke inlet 6.4 is formed in the lower portion of the heating section 6.8, a smoke outlet 6. In the cold charge preheater 6: adding the steel-making cold burden into a heating section 6.8 and a preheating section 6.7 of a cold burden preheater 6 from a feeding hole 6.2, introducing nitrogen into a nitrogen inlet 6.6 in the feeding process for protection, and closing a sealing cover at the feeding hole 6.2 after the feeding is finished; the cooled smoke dust is introduced from a smoke dust inlet 6.4 at the lower part of the heating section 6.8 to directly exchange heat with the steel-making cold burden in the heating section 6.8, and simultaneously carries out heat radiation on the steel-making cold burden of the preheating section 6.7, the smoke dust after heat exchange is discharged from a smoke dust outlet 6.5 through an annular flue 6.9, and meanwhile, a nitrogen inlet 6.6 of the preheating section 6.7 introduces nitrogen into the preheating section to form material seal on the material of the preheating section 6.7, so that the smoke dust is ensured to flow in the hot section 6.8 only and fully exchange heat with the cold burden in the preheating section 6.8. Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, the difference from embodiment 1 is: the mixed gas out of the heat storage chamber 4 is dedusted by the cyclone dust collector 3 and then is sent into the cold material preheater 6, and the ash collected by the cyclone dust collector 3 is returned into the fluidized bed gasifier 2; the cold charge pre-heaters 6 are two in series connection, the steel-making cold charge in the first cold charge pre-heater 6 is scrap steel, and the steel-making cold charge in the second cold charge pre-heater 6 is limestone. The mixed gas after dust removal is firstly subjected to heat exchange with scrap steel by the first cold material preheater 6 and cooled to below 900 ℃, then is sent into the second cold material preheater 6 to be contacted with limestone for heat exchange and cooled to 250 ℃ of 200-plus-material, and then is discharged from the cold material preheater 6 to enter the subsequent process of recovering and purifying the smoke dust waste heat of the converter. The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 3, unlike embodiment 1: the regenerator 4 is replaced by a combustion chamber 5, the mixed gas which is discharged out of the fluidized bed reactor is dedusted by a cyclone deduster 3 and then is fed into a cold material preheater 6 through the combustion chamber 5, and the temperature of the mixed gas which enters the cold material preheater 6 is controlled at 800-. When the combustion chamber 5 is arranged, the converter starts the oxygen blowing smelting stage and simultaneously adds the medical waste into the fluidized bed gasifier 4, the feeding process can be carried out continuously or intermittently, the adding speed of the medical waste is controlled, the temperature of the mixed gas out of the combustion chamber 5 is ensured to be between 800-1000 ℃, when the temperature of the mixed gas is less than 800 ℃, the combustion chamber 5 is started to supplement air, part of the mixed gas is combusted, the temperature of the mixed gas is increased, when the temperature of the mixed gas reaches 1000 ℃, the supplement of the air into the combustion chamber 5 is stopped, and the combustion chamber 5 stops combusting. The rest is the same as example 1.
Claims (7)
1. A medical waste treatment method based on converter smoke waste heat utilization comprises a converter smelting process and a converter smoke waste heat recovery and purification process, wherein the converter smelting process is a periodically repeated process of slag splashing and furnace protection, slag pouring, charging, oxygen blowing smelting and tapping water stage, and is characterized in that in the oxygen blowing smelting stage, smoke generated by converter smelting is collected by a movable hood at the top of a converter and a converter smoke hood, enters a fluidized bed gasifier through a vaporization cooling flue, reversely contacts and exchanges heat with medical waste injected from the middle upper part of the fluidized bed gasifier, carries out high-temperature pyrolysis gasification on the medical waste, mixed gas of gasification gas and smoke is discharged from the top of the fluidized bed gasifier and sent into a cold material preheater and is contacted and exchanged heat with steelmaking cold material stored in the cold material preheater, and smoke after heat exchange is discharged from the cold material preheater and enters the subsequent converter smoke waste heat recovery and purification process, discharging the steel-making cold material in the cold material preheater after heat exchange in the smelting process of the next converter and feeding the discharged material into the converter; the feeding and heat exchange processes of the cold charge preheater are alternately carried out in an intermittent manner, and the feeding process staggers the oxygen blowing smelting stage of the converter smelting process;
the mixed gas out of the fluidized bed gasifier enters the cold material preheater after the temperature of the mixed gas is adjusted by the heat storage chamber or the combustion chamber, and the temperature of the mixed gas entering the cold material preheater is controlled at 800-1000 ℃.
2. The method for treating medical waste based on the utilization of the residual heat of converter smoke dust according to claim 1, wherein the cold material preheater comprises one or two or more cold material preheaters connected in series.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein when the number of the cold burden pre-heaters is two or more than two, the steel-making cold burden in the first cold burden pre-heater is scrap steel, and the steel-making cold burden in the second and subsequent cold burden pre-heaters is at least one of limestone, dolomite or fluorite.
4. The method for treating medical waste based on the utilization of the residual heat of converter smoke dust according to claim 1, wherein when the regenerator is arranged, the medical waste is not added to the fluidized bed gasifier in the initial stage of oxygen blowing smelting, the smoke dust directly passes through the fluidized bed gasifier and enters the regenerator to heat the regenerator, the medical waste is added to the fluidized bed gasifier when the temperature of the smoke dust discharged from the regenerator reaches 1000 ℃, the feeding amount of the medical waste is reduced or stopped when the temperature of the smoke dust at the outlet of the regenerator is lower than 800 ℃, and the feeding amount is re-fed or increased when the temperature of the smoke dust at the outlet of the regenerator reaches 1000 ℃; when the combustion chamber is arranged, the converter starts oxygen blowing smelting, meanwhile, medical waste is added into the fluidized bed gasifier, the adding speed of the medical waste is controlled, the temperature of mixed gas out of the combustion chamber is ensured to be between 800 and 1000 ℃, when the temperature of the mixed gas is less than 800 ℃, the combustion chamber is started, air is supplemented, part of the mixed gas is combusted, the temperature of the mixed gas is increased, when the temperature of the mixed gas reaches 1000 ℃, the air is stopped being supplemented to the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber stops combusting.
5. The method for treating medical waste based on the utilization of the residual heat of converter smoke dust according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the mixed gas out of the regenerator is dedusted by cyclone and then fed into the cold material preheater, or the mixed gas out of the fluidized bed gasifier is dedusted by cyclone and then fed into the cold material preheater through the combustion chamber; and the ash collected after cyclone dust removal is returned to the fluidized bed gasifier.
6. The method for treating medical waste based on utilization of residual heat of converter smoke dust according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a feed inlet is formed in the top of the cold material preheater, a discharge outlet is formed in the bottom of the cold material preheater, a ring-shaped flue is formed in the middle of the cold material preheater, a sealing cover is arranged on the feed inlet, the sealing cover is covered after feeding is completed, a cavity is formed in the cold material preheater, a ring-shaped partition plate is arranged on the upper edge of the ring-shaped flue in the cavity and divides the cavity in the cold material preheater into two sections, the upper section is a pre-storage section, the lower section is a heating section, a smoke dust inlet is formed in the lower portion of the heating section, a smoke dust outlet is formed in the region of the ring-shaped flue positioned on the upper portion of the heating section, a nitrogen.
7. The method for treating medical waste based on the utilization of the residual heat of converter smoke dust as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature of the smoke dust entering the fluidized bed gasifier is controlled to be 1300-1500 ℃ by adjusting the amount of cooling water in the vaporization cooling flue; the temperature of the mixed gas out of the last cold material preheater is controlled at 200-250 ℃ by adjusting the feeding quantity of the medical waste of the fluidized bed gasifier or the storage quantity of the cold material preheater.
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| CN109971914B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-04-14 | 东北大学 | Waste incineration system and method utilizing high-temperature converter waste gas |
| CN109971916B (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-04-14 | 东北大学 | Device and method for preheating scrap steel by using converter waste gas |
| CN113000573A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-06-22 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for harmlessly treating medical waste by using steel converter |
| CN113975919B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-03-28 | 武汉悟拓科技有限公司 | Dry-method chlorine component recovery process based on synergistic treatment of chlorine-containing solid wastes by cement kiln |
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