WO2021081888A1 - 纤维织物增强复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
纤维织物增强复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021081888A1 WO2021081888A1 PCT/CN2019/114694 CN2019114694W WO2021081888A1 WO 2021081888 A1 WO2021081888 A1 WO 2021081888A1 CN 2019114694 W CN2019114694 W CN 2019114694W WO 2021081888 A1 WO2021081888 A1 WO 2021081888A1
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- fiber fabric
- composite material
- conductive heating
- reinforced composite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
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- This application relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a fiber fabric reinforced composite material and a preparation method thereof.
- Carbon fiber reinforced composite material is one of the current research hotspots of composite materials. It takes into account the performance of carbon fiber and matrix to become an engineering structural material with better comprehensive performance and a functional material with special performance. Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials are widely used as structural materials and high temperature and ablation resistant materials due to their light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and excellent thermodynamic properties. They are unmatched by other fiber reinforced composite materials. In aerospace, It has a very wide range of applications in the fields of energy, automobiles, electronic and electrical devices.
- Resin Transfer Molding is a process in which resin is injected into a closed mold to infiltrate reinforcing materials and solidify. This technology can eliminate prepregs and autoclaves, effectively reducing equipment costs and molding costs. Resin transfer molding technology has developed rapidly in recent years and has been widely used in the aircraft industry, automobile industry, and shipbuilding industry. It has also researched and developed vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding, VARTM) and other branches , To meet the application needs of different fields.
- VARTM vacuum assisted resin transfer molding
- the heating method is to vacuum and put it into an oven to cure.
- the process is complicated, and because the shape of the vacuum bag itself is not fixed, the conventional vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding will have uneven heating. Disadvantages such as uneven thickness of the final product affect the performance of the final product.
- One of the purposes of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method for preparing fiber fabric reinforced composite materials, which aims to solve the problem that in the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process, the heating method is vacuuming and then putting it in an oven for curing, and the process is complicated, and Because the shape of the vacuum bag itself is not fixed, conventional vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding will have disadvantages such as uneven heating and uneven thickness of the final product, which affects the performance of the final product and other technical problems.
- Another object of the present application is to provide a fiber fabric reinforced composite material.
- a method for preparing a fiber fabric reinforced composite material which includes the following steps:
- a mold is obtained, a first release layer and a conductive heating fiber fabric that can self-heat after being conductive are sequentially arranged on the surface of the mold, and conductive glue is arranged on opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric.
- the conductive glue is connected to an external power source.
- a second release layer is provided on the other side surface of the conductive heating fiber fabric away from the first release layer, and then a vacuum is provided on the other side surface of the second release layer away from the conductive heating fiber fabric
- the vacuum bag is bonded with the mold through a sealing tape to form a sealed space, and the first release layer, the conductive heating fiber fabric, and the second release layer that are stacked in sequence are covered In the sealed space;
- the conductive heating fiber fabric After evacuating the sealed space and injecting resin to make the resin completely infiltrate the conductive heating fiber fabric, the conductive heating fiber fabric is energized through the conductive glue, and the conductive heating fiber fabric is self-heating after being energized. The resin is cured and molded and demolded to obtain a fiber fabric reinforced composite material.
- the step of disposing conductive glue on opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric includes: setting T-shaped conductive glue on the opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric, and passing through the T-shaped conductive glue.
- the glue is connected with an external power source, so that the conductive heating fiber fabric is connected to the external power source through the T-shaped conductive glue on opposite sides.
- the step of energizing the conductive heating fiber fabric through the conductive adhesive includes: passing a current of 0.1 to 0.6 A to the conductive heating fiber fabric through the conductive adhesive to make the conductive heating fiber fabric A heating temperature of 50 to 100°C is produced.
- the method before the first release layer is provided on the surface of the mold, the method further includes the step of depositing a release agent on the surface of the mold; and/or,
- between the second mold release layer and the vacuum bag further includes: an isolation film and a flow guide net which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the second mold release layer.
- the method further includes the step of: applying a pressure perpendicular to the conductive heating fiber fabric to the sealed space on the outside of the vacuum bag, and the pressure is 1 ⁇ 25MPa.
- the mold release agent is selected from at least one of a silicon-based mold release agent, a wax-based mold release agent, a fluorine-based mold release agent, a surface-active mold release agent, and a polyether-based mold release agent.
- the isolation film is selected from at least one of a fluoroplastic film, a polymethylpentene film, and a polyimide film.
- the guide net is selected from: high-density polyethylene and/or polyethylene.
- the conductive heating fiber fabric includes: at least one of carbon nanotube fiber fabric, carbon fiber fabric, and graphene fiber fabric.
- the structure of the conductive heating fiber fabric is selected from at least one of plain weave, twill weave and satin weave.
- the viscosity of the resin is 0.1 to 0.5 Pa ⁇ s.
- the resin is selected from at least one of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyamide resin, and vinyl resin.
- the first release layer and the second release layer are respectively selected from: polyamide, polyester, or polytetrafluoroethylene coated glass fiber breathable cloth.
- a fiber fabric reinforced composite material is provided.
- the fiber fabric reinforced composite material is prepared by the above method and includes a conductive heating fiber fabric and a resin impregnating and covering the conductive heating fiber fabric.
- the flexural modulus of the fiber fabric reinforced composite material is not less than 191 GPa.
- the preparation method of the fiber fabric reinforced composite material provided by the embodiments of the present application has the beneficial effect that the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process is adopted, and the first release layer and the conductive material can be self-heating after being sequentially arranged on the surface of the formed mold.
- Conductive glue is arranged on the opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric.
- the conductive glue is connected to the external power source.
- a second release layer and a vacuum bag are arranged on the surface of the fiber in sequence, and the vacuum bag is passed through a sealing tape. It is bonded with the mold to form a sealed space. After vacuuming the sealed space, resin is injected so that the resin completely infiltrates the conductive heating fiber fabric.
- the conductive heating fiber fabric is energized through the conductive glue. After the conductive heating fiber fabric is energized, it generates heat to solidify the resin Molding and demoulding to obtain fiber fabric reinforced composite material.
- the conductive heating fiber fabric is not only used as the reinforcement of the composite material, but also by providing conductive glue on the opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric, the conductive glue is connected with the external power source, and the conductive heating The fiber fabric is energized and heated to cure, infiltrate and cover the resin of the conductive heating fiber fabric, so that the resin is heated more uniformly, the curing efficiency is high, and it is in place in one step, which simplifies the need to transfer the mold and the sample to the oven for heating and curing in the traditional process Or additional processes such as heating environment are provided to avoid damage to the sample during the movement process, the preparation process is simple, and it is suitable for industrialized large-scale production and application.
- the beneficial effects of the fiber fabric reinforced composite material provided by the embodiments of the application are: the composite material formed by using the conductive heating fiber fabric as the reinforcement and the resin as the matrix has higher mechanical strength, better specific rigidity, and bending
- the modulus is not less than 191GPa, the lightweight effect is good, and the thickness uniformity is good, and the surface is smooth.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding of a fiber fabric reinforced composite material provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conductive heating fiber fabric provided by an embodiment of the present application in communication with an external power source through conductive glue.
- an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a fiber fabric reinforced composite material, which includes the following steps:
- a second release layer is provided on the other side surface of the conductive heating fiber fabric away from the first release layer, and then on the other side surface of the second release layer away from the conductive heating fiber fabric
- a vacuum bag is set, the vacuum bag is bonded to the mold through a sealing tape to form a sealed space, and the first release layer, the conductive heating fiber fabric, and the second release layer that are stacked in sequence are wrapped Covered in the sealed space;
- the preparation method of the fiber fabric reinforced composite material provided by the embodiment of the application adopts a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process, and a first release layer and a conductive heating fiber fabric that can self-heat after being conductive are sequentially arranged on the surface of the formed mold.
- Conductive glue is arranged on the opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric, and the conductive glue is connected to the external power source, and then a second release layer and a vacuum bag are arranged on the fiber surface in sequence, and the vacuum bag is bonded to the mold through a sealing tape
- a sealed space is formed, the sealed space is evacuated and resin is injected so that the resin completely infiltrates the conductive heating fiber fabric, and the conductive heating fiber fabric is energized through the conductive glue.
- the conductive heating fiber fabric After the conductive heating fiber fabric is energized, the resin is cured and molded, and the fiber is demolded. Fabric reinforced composite materials.
- the conductive heating fiber fabric is not only used as the reinforcement of the composite material, but also by providing conductive glue on the opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric, the conductive glue is connected with the external power source, and the conductive glue is connected to the external power source.
- the conductive heating fiber fabric is energized and heated to cure, infiltrate and coat the resin of the conductive heating fiber fabric, so that the resin is heated more uniformly, the curing efficiency is high, and it is in place in one step, which simplifies the need to transfer the mold and the sample to the oven at the same time in the traditional process Heating curing or additional setting of heating environment and other processes can avoid damage to the sample during the movement.
- the preparation process is simple, and it is suitable for industrialized large-scale production and application.
- a mold is obtained, a first release layer and a conductive heating fiber fabric are sequentially arranged on the surface of the mold, and conductive glue is arranged on opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric.
- the external power supply is connected.
- a first release layer and a conductive heating fiber fabric that can self-heat after being conductive are sequentially arranged on the surface of the mold.
- the conductive heating fiber fabric may be a carbon fiber fabric or a carbon nanotube fiber fabric.
- Conductive heating fiber fabric including upper and lower surfaces and four surrounding sides.
- Conductive glue is arranged on the opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric. The conductive glue communicates with the external power source through the conductive glue.
- the conductive heating fiber fabric is energized to generate heat, so that the conductive heating fiber fabric can not only be used as a reinforcement of the composite material, but also can provide a heat source for the subsequent curing of the resin, and the resin is heated more uniformly, and the composite material has a better molding effect.
- the conductive glue can make the electrons pass more evenly. If the power supply is directly connected to the conductive and heat-generating fiber fabric, the electrons cannot be evenly distributed on all the fibers. Using conductive glue, electrons can move uniformly on all fibers at the same time, so that the resin is heated more evenly.
- the method before the first release layer is provided on the surface of the mold, the method further includes the step of depositing a release agent on the surface of the mold.
- the release agent is deposited on the surface of the mold by coating, spraying, etc., so that the prepared composite material can be easily separated from the surface of the mold, and at the same time, it can protect the surface of the mold from damage and pollution.
- the mold release agent is selected from at least one of a silicon-based mold release agent, a wax-based mold release agent, a fluorine-based mold release agent, a surface-active mold release agent, and a polyether-based mold release agent.
- the release agents used in this application all have good interface protection effects, and at the same time facilitate the composite material to be made to fall off the mold.
- the silicone-based mold release agent includes, but is not limited to, silicone compounds, silicone oil, silicone resin methyl branched silicone oil, methyl silicone oil, emulsified methyl silicone oil, hydrogen-containing methyl silicone oil, silicone grease, silicone resin , Silicone rubber, silicone rubber toluene solution, etc.
- wax-based mold release agents include, but are not limited to, vegetable, animal, synthetic paraffin, microcrystalline paraffin, polyethylene wax, and the like.
- the fluorine-based mold release agent includes, but is not limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene; fluororesin powder; fluororesin coatings and the like.
- the surface active release agent includes, but is not limited to, metal soap (anionic), polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene ether derivative (nonionic), and the like.
- the polyether series includes, but is not limited to, polyethers and fatty oil mixtures and the like.
- the release agent used in the foregoing embodiments of the application has heat resistance and chemical resistance, good isolation performance, and low mold pollution.
- the step of arranging conductive glue on opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric includes: as shown in FIG. 2, setting T-shaped conductive glue on opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric, And the T-shaped conductive adhesive is connected to the external power source, so that the fibers on the opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric are connected to the external power source through the T-shaped conductive adhesive on the opposite sides to form
- the energization circuit passes a certain amount of current to the conductive heating fiber fabric through the power supply, and the conductive heating fiber fabric generates heat after being energized.
- the conductive glue includes, but is not limited to, conductive silver glue.
- the shape of the specific arrangement of the conductive adhesive in the embodiments of the present application can be any other method, as long as all the fibers on the sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric can be evenly connected by the conductive adhesive, and the conductive wire can be drawn out to communicate with the external power supply.
- Each fiber on the side of the conductive heating fiber fabric can pass current and communicate with the power source to achieve heat generation.
- the conductive heating fiber fabric includes: at least one of carbon nanotube fiber fabric, carbon fiber cloth, and graphene fiber fabric.
- the conductive heating fiber fabrics used in the examples of this application have high strength, low density, thin thickness, and small influence of the weight and cross-sectional size of the composite material. They are used as the reinforcement of the composite material, and the good tensile strength of carbon fiber materials is utilized. Increase the tensile, shear and seismic properties of composite materials. At the same time, these conductive heating fiber fabrics can generate heat when energized, and the resin infiltrating and covering the conductive heating fiber fabric is heated uniformly and has a good curing effect.
- the conductive heating fiber fabric may be a laminate of a multi-layer carbon nanotube fiber fabric, a carbon fiber cloth, and a graphene fiber fabric.
- the structure of the conductive heating fiber fabric is selected from at least one of plain weave, twill weave, and satin weave. In some embodiments, the structure of the conductive heating fiber fabric is plain weave.
- the plain weave fabric has good operability and stability, and has more weave points and yarn buckling points, making the fabric firm, wear-resistant, and stiff. , Flat, under the same condition of warp and weft yarn thickness and density, the weave fastness and abrasion resistance of plain weave fabric are the best.
- the conductive heating fiber fabric adopts a carbon nanotube fiber fabric, a carbon fiber fabric, or a graphene fiber fabric with a plain weave, a twill weave, or a satin weave.
- a second release layer is provided on the other side surface of the conductive heating fiber fabric away from the first release layer, and then the second release layer is away from the conductive heating fiber
- the other side surface of the fabric is provided with a vacuum bag, the vacuum bag is bonded with the mold through a sealing tape to form a sealed space, and the first release layer, the conductive heating fiber fabric and the The second release layer is wrapped in the sealed space.
- the first release layer, the conductive heating fiber fabric, and the second release layer which are stacked in sequence, are wrapped in the sealed space through a vacuum bag to provide a vacuum for subsequent resin injection molding. surroundings.
- the first release layer and the second release layer are respectively selected from: polyamide, polyester, or polytetrafluoroethylene coated glass fiber breathable cloth.
- the embodiment of the application adopts these release layers to be arranged between the composite material and the vacuum bag and the mold, so that the composite material obtained by the fiber fabric reinforced composite material molding process has good surface flatness, easy to detach after molding, better mechanical properties, and quality higher.
- between the second mold release layer and the vacuum bag further includes: an isolation film and a flow guiding net which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the second mold release layer.
- the isolation film is selected from at least one of a fluoroplastic film, a polymethylpentene film, and a polyimide film.
- these isolation layers have good mold release properties, and are used to isolate the intermediate layer of the flow guide net which has no mold release effect.
- the guide net is selected from high-density polyethylene and/or polyethylene.
- the diversion nets used in the embodiments of the present application have a good three-dimensional structure, which facilitates the circulation of air and resin, so that the injected resin can disperse and infiltrate the entire conductive heating fiber fabric more quickly and evenly, and form a reinforced composite material with better bonding performance. It is more conducive to the production of large-scale fiber fabric reinforced composite parts.
- the sealed space is evacuated and resin is injected, after the resin is completely infiltrated into the conductive heating fiber fabric, the conductive heating fiber fabric is energized through the conductive glue, and the conductive heating fiber After the fabric is energized, it generates heat to solidify and shape the resin and demold to obtain a fiber fabric reinforced composite material.
- the sealed space is evacuated by vacuum pumps and other equipment, and the sealed space is close to absolute vacuum, and then resin is injected. In a low-pressure vacuum environment, the resin can infiltrate the conductive heating fiber fabric faster and more uniformly. A better combination is formed in the sealed space, and then the conductive heating fiber fabric is energized through the conductive adhesive. After the conductive heating fiber fabric is energized, the conductive heating fiber fabric evenly generates heat, so that the resin is uniformly heated and solidified. The curing effect is good, and the mold is demolded. The fiber fabric reinforced composite material is obtained.
- the step of energizing the conductive heating fiber fabric through the conductive adhesive includes: passing a current of 0.1 to 0.6 A through the conductive adhesive to the conductive heating fiber fabric to make the conductive heating fiber fabric A heating temperature of 50 to 100°C is produced.
- a current of 0.1-0.6A is applied to the conductive heating fiber fabric through the conductive adhesive.
- a heating temperature of 50-100°C is generated. The heating temperature can meet the subsequent curing requirements of the resin and make the composite material The curing rate is the best, and it will not cause damage to other material layers such as resin.
- a current of 0.1A, 0.2A, 0.3A, 0.4A, 0.5A, or 0.6A is passed through the conductive adhesive to the conductive heating fiber fabric, so that the conductive heating fiber fabric generates 50°C, Heating temperature of 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C or 100°C.
- the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the curing time, as long as the resin can be completely cured to obtain a composite material.
- the curing time may be 2 hours, 5 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours, or the like.
- the method further includes the step of: applying a pressure perpendicular to the conductive heating fiber fabric to the sealed space on the outside of the vacuum bag, and the pressure is 1 ⁇ 25MPa.
- a pressure perpendicular to the conductive heating fiber fabric is applied to the sealed space on the outside of the vacuum bag to make the resin infiltration and distribution more uniform, so as to obtain the composite material surface Smoother, better performance of composite materials.
- the applied pressure is too small, the uniformity of the resin infiltration and the surface flatness of the composite material will not be adjusted well; if the applied pressure is too large, the composite membrane structure will be easily damaged.
- a pressure perpendicular to the conductive heating fiber fabric is applied to the sealed space on the outside of the vacuum bag, and the pressure is 1MPa, 5MPa, 10MPa, 15MPa, 20MPa or 25MPa.
- the viscosity of the resin is 0.1 to 0.5 Pa ⁇ s.
- the embodiment of the application adopts a resin with a viscosity of 0.1 to 0.5 Pa ⁇ s, which not only facilitates the rapid and uniform penetration of the resin into the conductive heating fiber fabric, and better combination with the fiber, but also facilitates the composite of the resin and the conductive heating fiber fabric
- the material is cured and formed. If the viscosity of the resin is too large, the fluidity will be poor, and the resin will not be uniformly combined with the fiber material, and pores will easily appear; if the viscosity is too low, the resin will be difficult to mold.
- the viscosity of the resin is 0.1 Pa ⁇ s, 0.2 Pa ⁇ s, 0.3 Pa ⁇ s, 0.4 Pa ⁇ s, or 0.5 Pa ⁇ s.
- the resin is selected from at least one of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyamide resin, and vinyl resin. After the resins used in the embodiments of the present application are cured and formed, the fiber fabric reinforced composite material has good mechanical, mechanical, and chemical corrosion resistance and other physical and chemical properties, and has good stability.
- the resin is selected from at least one of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyamide resin, and vinyl resin with a viscosity of 0.1 to 0.5 Pa ⁇ s.
- the embodiments of the present application also provide a fiber fabric reinforced composite material.
- the fiber fabric reinforced composite material is prepared by the method of any one of the above embodiments, and includes a conductive heating fiber fabric and infiltrating and covering the conductive heating Fiber fabric resin.
- the fiber fabric reinforced composite material uses conductive heating fiber fabric as a reinforcement and a resin as a matrix to form a composite material that has higher mechanical strength, better specific rigidity, and a flexural modulus of not less than 191 GPa , Lightweight effect is good, and the thickness uniformity is good, and the surface is smooth.
- a carbon nanotube fiber fabric reinforced composite material including the preparation steps:
- T-shaped conductive glue is set on the opposite sides of the carbon nanotube fiber fabric, and the conductive glue External power supply;
- a carbon nanotube fiber fabric reinforced composite material including the preparation steps:
- T-shaped conductive adhesive is set on the opposite sides of the carbon nanotube fiber fabric, and the conductive adhesive External power supply;
- a carbon fiber cloth reinforced composite material including preparation steps:
- a graphene fiber fabric reinforced composite material including preparation steps:
- a reinforced composite material of carbon nanotube fiber fabric and carbon fiber cloth including preparation steps:
- T-shaped are set on the opposite sides of the carbon nanotube fiber fabric and the carbon fiber cloth.
- Type conductive adhesive and connect the conductive adhesive to an external power source;
- a carbon nanotube fiber fabric reinforced composite material including the preparation steps:
- T-shaped conductive glue is set on the opposite sides of the carbon nanotube fiber fabric, and the conductive glue External power supply;
- a carbon nanotube fiber fabric reinforced composite material including the preparation steps:
- T-shaped conductive glue is set on the opposite sides of the carbon nanotube fiber fabric, and the conductive glue External power supply;
- the heating temperature is 100°C
- the curing time is 2 hours.
- this application has conducted thickness uniformity tests on the composite materials prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, and any three of the composite materials are selected. Point to measure the thickness, calculate the respective average thickness and standard deviation value, the test results are shown in Table 1 below:
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Abstract
一种纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，包括步骤：在模具表面依次设置第一脱模层和导电发热纤维织物，在导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置与外电源连通的导电胶；在导电发热纤维织物表面设置第二脱模层和真空袋，形成密封空间，对密封空间抽真空后注入树脂，使树脂完全浸润导电发热纤维织物后，通过导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通电，导电发热纤维织物通电后发热使树脂固化成型，脱模得到纤维织物增强复合材料。该制备方法的导电发热纤维织物不但作为复合材料的增强体，而且通过对导电发热纤维织物通电发热为树脂提供均匀固化温度，简化了工艺，制备工艺简单，适用于工业化大规模生产和应用。
Description
本申请涉及复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种纤维织物增强复合材料及其制备方法。
碳纤维增强复合材料是目前复合材料研究热点之一，它兼顾碳纤维和基体的性能而成为综合性能更为优异的工程结构材料和具有特殊性能的功能材料。碳纤维增强复合材料以其轻质高强、耐高温、抗腐蚀、热力学性能优良等特点，广泛用作结构材料及耐高温抗烧蚀材料，是其它纤维增强复合材料所无法比拟的，在航空航天、能源、汽车、电子电气器件等领域有非常广泛的应用。
目前，碳纤维增强复合材料制备工艺多采用树脂传递模塑(Resin Transfer Molding，RTM)成型工艺。树脂传递模塑是将树脂注入到闭合模具中浸润增强材料并固化的工艺方法，该项技术可不用预浸料、热压罐，有效地降低设备成本、成型成本。树脂传递模塑技术近年来发展很快，在飞机工业、汽车工业、舰船工业等领域应用日广，并研究发展出真空辅助树脂传递模塑(Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding，VARTM)等多种分支，满足不同领域的应用需求。
然而，常规真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺中，加热方式为抽真空后放入烘箱固化，工序复杂，且由于真空袋本身形状不固定，故常规真空辅助树脂传递模塑会出现加热不均匀，最终制品厚度不均匀等缺点，影响到最终制品的性能。
发明概述
本申请实施例的目的之一在于：提供一种纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，旨在解决真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺中，加热方式为抽真空后放入烘箱固化，工序复杂，且由于真空袋本身形状不固定，故常规真空辅助树脂传递模塑会出现加热不均匀，最终制品厚度不均匀等缺点，影响到最终制品的性能等技 术问题。
本申请的另一目的在于提供一种纤维织物增强复合材料。
问题的解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例采用的技术方案是：
第一方面，提供了一种纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
获取模具，在所述模具表面依次设置第一脱模层和导电后可以自发热的导电发热纤维织物，在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶，所述导电胶与外电源连通；
在所述导电发热纤维织物远离所述第一脱模层的另一侧表面设置第二脱模层，然后在所述第二脱模层远离所述导电发热纤维织物的另一侧表面设置真空袋，所述真空袋通过密封胶条与所述模具粘结形成密封空间，将依次层叠设置的所述第一脱模层、所述导电发热纤维织物和所述第二脱模层包覆在所述密封空间内；
对所述密封空间抽真空后注入树脂，使所述树脂完全浸润导电发热纤维织物后，通过所述导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通电，所述导电发热纤维织物被通电后自发热使所述树脂固化成型，脱模得到纤维织物增强复合材料。
在一个实施例中，在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶的步骤包括：在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置T型导电胶，并通过所述T型导电胶与外电源连通，使所述导电发热纤维织物通过相对的两侧边所述T型导电胶和所述外电源连接在一起。
在一个实施例中，通过所述导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通电的步骤包括：通过所述导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通0.1～0.6A的电流，使所述导电发热纤维织物产生50～100℃的加热温度。
在一个实施例中，在所述模具表面设置第一脱模层之前，还包括步骤：在所述模具表面沉积脱模剂；和/或，
在一个实施例中，在所述第二脱模层与所述真空袋之间还包括：依次设置在所述第二脱模层表面的隔离膜和导流网。
在一个实施例中，使所述树脂完全浸润导电发热纤维织物后，还包括步骤：在所述真空袋外侧，对所述密封空间施加垂直于所述导电发热纤维织物的压力，所述压力为1～25MPa。
在一个实施例中，所述脱模剂选自：硅系脱模剂、蜡系脱模剂、氟系脱模剂、表面活性脱模剂、聚醚系脱模剂中的至少一种。
在一个实施例中，所述隔离膜选自：氟塑料薄膜、聚甲基戊烯薄膜、聚酰亚胺薄膜中的至少一种。
在一个实施例中，所述导流网选自：高密度聚乙烯和/或聚乙烯。
在一个实施例中，所述导电发热纤维织物包括：碳纳米管纤维织物、碳纤维织物、石墨烯纤维织物中的至少一种。
在一个实施例中，所述导电发热纤维织物的组织选自：平纹、斜纹或缎纹中的至少一种。
在一个实施例中，所述树脂的粘度为0.1～0.5Pa·s。
在一个实施例中，所述树脂选自：环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、乙烯基树脂中的至少一种。
在一个实施例中，所述第一脱模层和所述第二脱模层分别选自：聚酰胺、聚酯或聚四氟乙烯涂层的玻璃纤维透气布。
第二方面，提供了一种纤维织物增强复合材料，所述纤维织物增强复合材料由上述的方法制得，包括导电发热纤维织物和浸润并包覆所述导电发热纤维织物的树脂。
在一个实施例中，所述纤维织物增强复合材料的弯曲模量不低于191GPa。
本申请实施例提供的一种纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法的有益效果在于：采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺，在成形的模具表面依次设置第一脱模层和导电后可以自发热的导电发热纤维织物，在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶，通过导电胶与外电源连通，然后在纤维表面依次设置第二脱模层和真空袋，真空袋通过密封胶条与所述模具粘结形成密封空间，对所述密封空间抽真空后注入树脂，使树脂完全浸润导电发热纤维织物，通过导电胶对导电发热纤维织物通电，导电发热纤维织物通电后发热使树脂固化成型，脱模 得到纤维织物增强复合材料。本申请纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，导电发热纤维织物不但作为复合材料的增强体，而且通过在导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶，导电胶与外电源连通，通过对导电发热纤维织物通电发热使其固化浸润并包覆所述导电发热纤维织物的树脂，使树脂受热更均匀，固化效率高，且一步到位，简化了传统工艺中需要将模具和样品同时转移至烤箱加热固化或额外设置加热环境等工序，避免移动过程中对样品的破坏，制备工艺简单，适用于工业化大规模生产和应用。
本申请实施例提供的一种纤维织物增强复合材料的有益效果在于：以导电发热纤维织物为增强体，以树脂为基体形成的复合材料，具有较高的机械强度，较好的比刚性，弯曲模量不低于191GPa，轻量化效果好，且厚度均匀性好，表面平整。
发明的有益效果
对附图的简要说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示范性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例提供的的纤维织物增强复合材料的真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型原理图。
图2是本申请一实施例提供的导电发热纤维织物通过导电胶与外电源连通的示意图。
发明实施例
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
需说明的是，当部件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个部件，它可以直接在另一个部件上或者间接在该另一个部件上。当一个部件被称为是“连接于”另一个部件，它可以是直接或者间接连接至该另一个部件上。术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于便于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明技术特征的数量。“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
为了说明本申请所述的技术方案，以下结合具体附图及实施例进行详细说明。
如附图1所示，本申请实施例提供了一种纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S10.获取模具，在所述模具表面依次设置第一脱模层和导电发热纤维织物，在所述导电后可以自发热的导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶，所述导电胶与外电源连通，其中，导电发热纤维织物可以是碳纤维织物、碳纳米管纤维织物等通过导电可自发热的纤维织物；
S20.在所述导电发热纤维织物远离所述第一脱模层的另一侧表面设置第二脱模层，然后在所述第二脱模层远离所述导电发热纤维织物的另一侧表面设置真空袋，所述真空袋通过密封胶条与所述模具粘结形成密封空间，将依次层叠设置的所述第一脱模层、所述导电发热纤维织物和所述第二脱模层包覆在所述密封空间内；
S30.对所述密封空间抽真空后，往所述密封空间注入树脂，使所述树脂完全浸润导电发热纤维织物后，通过所述导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通电，所述导电发热纤维织物通电后发热使所述树脂固化成型，脱模得到纤维织物增强复合材料。
本申请实施例提供的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺，在成形的模具表面依次设置第一脱模层和导电后可以自发热的导电发热纤维织物，在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶，通 过导电胶与外电源连通，然后在纤维表面依次设置第二脱模层和真空袋，真空袋通过密封胶条与所述模具粘结形成密封空间，对所述密封空间抽真空后注入树脂，使树脂完全浸润导电发热纤维织物，通过导电胶对导电发热纤维织物通电，导电发热纤维织物通电后发热使树脂固化成型，脱模得到纤维织物增强复合材料。本申请实施例纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，导电发热纤维织物不但作为复合材料的增强体，而且通过在导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶，导电胶与外电源连通，通过对导电发热纤维织物通电发热使其固化浸润并包覆所述导电发热纤维织物的树脂，使树脂受热更均匀，固化效率高，且一步到位，简化了传统工艺中需要将模具和样品同时转移至烤箱加热固化或额外设置加热环境等工序，避免移动过程中对样品的破坏，制备工艺简单，适用于工业化大规模生产和应用。
具体地，上述步骤S10中，获取模具，在所述模具表面依次设置第一脱模层和导电发热纤维织物，在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶，所述导电胶与外电源连通。本申请实施例纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法中，在模具表面依次设置第一脱模层和导电后可以自发热的导电发热纤维织物，导电发热纤维织物可以是碳纤维织物、碳纳米管纤维织物等通过导电可自发热的纤维织物，包括上下两个表面和周围四个侧边，在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶，所述导电胶与外电源连通，通过导电胶对导电发热纤维织物通电发热，使导电发热纤维织物既可以作为复合材料的增强体，又能够为后续树脂的固化提供热源，且使树脂受热更均匀，复合材料成型效果更好。导电胶能够使电子通过更加均匀，如果电源直接接在可导电发热的纤维织物上，电子并不能均匀地分布在所有纤维上。使用导电胶，电子能够同时均匀地在所有纤维上移动，使树脂受热更加均匀。
在一些实施例中，在所述模具表面设置第一脱模层之前，还包括步骤：在所述模具表面沉积脱模剂。本申请实施例通过在模具表面通过涂布、喷涂等方式沉积脱模剂，使制得的复合材料更容易从模具表面脱离，同时能够保护模具表面的光滑、完整，不被破坏和污染。
在一些实施例中，所述脱模剂选自：硅系脱模剂、蜡系脱模剂、氟系脱模剂、 表面活性脱模剂、聚醚系脱模剂中的至少一种。本申请采用的这些脱模剂均具有较好的界面保护作用，同时又有利于制得的复合材料从模具上脱落。
在一些实施例中，硅系脱模剂包括但不限于硅氧烷化合物、硅油、硅树脂甲基支链硅油、甲基硅油、乳化甲基硅油、含氢甲基硅油、硅脂、硅树脂、硅橡胶、硅橡胶甲苯溶液等。
在一些实施例中，蜡系脱模剂包括但不限于植物、动物、合成石蜡、微晶石蜡、聚乙烯蜡等。
在一些实施例中，氟系脱模剂包括但不限于聚四氟乙烯；氟树脂粉末；氟树脂涂料等。
在一些实施例中，表面活性脱模剂包括但不限于金属皂(阴离子性)、聚氧乙烯、聚氧丙烯醚衍生物(非离子性)等。
在一些实施例中，聚醚系列包括但不限于聚醚和脂油混合物等。
本申请上述各实施例采用的脱模剂，具有耐热及耐化学性，隔离性能好，对模具污染小。
在一些实施例中，在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶的步骤包括：如附图2所示，在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置T型导电胶，并通过所述T型导电胶与外电源连通，使所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边的纤维通过相对的两侧边的所述T型导电胶和所述外电源连接在一起，形成通电回路，通过电源向导电发热纤维织物通一定量的电流，导电发热纤维织物通电后发热。在一些实施例中，导电胶包括但不限于导电银胶。
本申请实施例导电胶的具体设置方式的形状可以采用其他任意方式，只要能通过导电胶将导电发热纤维织物侧边的纤维全部均匀地连接起来，并能够引出导电线与外接电源连通即可，让导电发热纤维织物侧边的每根纤维都能通过电流，与电源连通通路，实现发热即可。
在一些实施例中，所述导电发热纤维织物包括：碳纳米管纤维织物、碳纤维布、石墨烯纤维织物中的至少一种。本申请实施例采用的这些导电发热纤维织物具有强度高，密度小，厚度薄，复合材料自重及截面尺寸影响小，将其作为复合材料的增强体，利用碳纤维材料良好的抗拉强度等性能，使复合材料的抗拉 、抗剪和抗震等性能增加。同时这些导电发热纤维织物在通电情况下能够产生热量，是浸润包覆导电发热纤维织物的树脂受热均匀，固化效果好。在一些实施例中，所述导电发热纤维织物可以是多层碳纳米管纤维织物、碳纤维布和石墨烯纤维织物的叠层。
在一些实施例中，所述导电发热纤维织物的组织选自：平纹、斜纹或缎纹中的至少一种。在一些实施例中，所述导电发热纤维织物的组织为平纹，平纹织物具有良好的操作性和稳定性，具有较多的组织交织点和纱线屈曲点，使织物坚牢、耐磨、硬挺、平整，在经纬纱粗细、密度相同的条件下，平纹织物的组织牢度与耐磨性最好。
在一些实施例中，所述导电发热纤维织物的采用组织为平纹、斜纹或缎纹的碳纳米管纤维织物、碳纤维织物或石墨烯纤维织物。
具体地，上述步骤S20中，在所述导电发热纤维织物远离所述第一脱模层的另一侧表面设置第二脱模层，然后在所述第二脱模层远离所述导电发热纤维织物的另一侧表面设置真空袋，所述真空袋通过密封胶条与所述模具粘结形成密封空间，将依次层叠设置的所述第一脱模层、所述导电发热纤维织物和所述第二脱模层包覆在所述密封空间内。本申请实施例通过真空袋将依次层叠设置的所述第一脱模层、所述导电发热纤维织物和所述第二脱模层包覆在所述密封空间内，为后续树脂注入成型提供真空环境。
在一些实施例中，所述第一脱模层和所述第二脱模层分别选自：聚酰胺、聚酯或聚四氟乙烯涂层的玻璃纤维透气布。本申请实施例采用这些脱膜层设置在复合材料与真空袋和模具之间，使纤维织物增强复合材料成型工艺制得的复合材料表面平整性好，成型后容易脱离，力学性能更好，质量更高。
在一些实施例中，在所述第二脱模层与所述真空袋之间还包括：依次设置在所述第二脱模层表面的隔离膜和导流网。
在一些具体实施例中，所述隔离膜选自：氟塑料薄膜、聚甲基戊烯薄膜、聚酰亚胺薄膜中的至少一种。本申请实施例采用这些的隔离层具有良好的脱模性，用于隔离导流网这种没有脱模效果的中间层。
在一些实施例中，所述导流网选自：高密度聚乙烯和/或聚乙烯。本申请实施 例采用的这些导流网具有很好的立体结构，便于空气和树脂流通，使注入的树脂能够更快速均匀的分散浸润整个导电发热纤维织物，形成结合性能更好的增强复合材料，更有利于大型纤维织物增强复合材料制件生产。
具体地，上述步骤S30中，对所述密封空间抽真空后注入树脂，使所述树脂完全浸润导电发热纤维织物后，通过所述导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通电，所述导电发热纤维织物通电后发热使所述树脂固化成型，脱模得到纤维织物增强复合材料。本申请实施例通过真空泵等设备对密封空间抽真空，密封空间内接近绝对真空度，然后再注入树脂，在低压真空度的环境下树脂能够更快更均匀的浸润包覆导电发热纤维织物，在密封空间内形成更好的结合物，然后通过导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通电，所述导电发热纤维织物通电后均匀发热，使所述树脂均匀受热固化成型，固化成型效果好，脱模得到纤维织物增强复合材料。
在一些实施例中，通过所述导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通电的步骤包括：通过所述导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通0.1～0.6A的电流，使所述导电发热纤维织物产生50～100℃的加热温度。本申请实施例通过导电胶对导电发热纤维织物通0.1～0.6A的电流，导电发热纤维织物通电后产生50～100℃的加热温度，该加热温度既能够满足后续树脂的固化要求，使复合材料固化成型的速率最佳，又不会对树脂等其他材料层造成破坏影响。如通电电流过大则产热温度越高，固化时间越短，难以保证复合材料固化成型的均匀性，且过高的温度会影响复合材料及其他材料性能。在一些实施例中，通过所述导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通0.1A、0.2A、0.3A、0.4A、0.5A或0.6A的电流，使所述导电发热纤维织物产生50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃或100℃的加热温度。本申请实施例对固化时间不做具体限定，只要能使树脂完全固化得到复合材料即可。在一些实施例中，固化时间可以是2小时、5小时、10小时或15小时等。
在一些实施例中，使所述树脂完全浸润导电发热纤维织物后，还包括步骤：在所述真空袋外侧，对所述密封空间施加垂直于所述导电发热纤维织物的压力，所述压力为1～25MPa。本申请实施例使所述树脂完全浸润导电发热纤维织物后，在真空袋外侧，对密封空间施加垂直于所述导电发热纤维织物的压力，使树脂 浸润分布更加均匀，从而制得的复合材料表面更平整，复合材料性能更佳。若施加的压力过小，则对树脂的浸润均匀性，复合材料的表面平整性调整不佳；若施加的压力过大，则容易破坏复合膜层结构。实施例中，所述导电发热纤维织物通电后发热使所述树脂固化成型的同时，在所述真空袋外侧，对所述密封空间施加垂直于所述导电发热纤维织物的压力，所述压力为1MPa、5MPa、10MPa、15MPa、20MPa或25MPa。
在一些实施例中，所述树脂的粘度为0.1～0.5Pa·s。本申请实施例采用粘度为0.1～0.5Pa·s的树脂，既有利于树脂快速均匀的浸润渗透到导电发热纤维织物内部，与纤维更好的结合，又有利于树脂与导电发热纤维织物的复合材料固化成型。若树脂粘度太大，则流动性差，树脂难以均匀的与纤维材料结合，容易出现气孔等；若粘度过小，则树脂难成型。在一些实施例，所述树脂的粘度为0.1Pa·s、0.2Pa·s、0.3Pa·s、0.4Pa·s或0.5Pa·s。
在一些实施例中，所述树脂选自：环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、乙烯基树脂中的至少一种。本申请实施例采用的这些树脂固化成型后，使纤维织物增强复合材料有较好的力学、机械、以及耐化学腐蚀等物化性能，并且稳定性好。
在一些实施例中，所述树脂选自粘度为0.1～0.5Pa·s的环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、乙烯基树脂中的至少一种。
相应地，本申请实施例还提供了一种纤维织物增强复合材料，所述纤维织物增强复合材料由上述任一实施例的方法制得，包括导电发热纤维织物和浸润并包覆所述导电发热纤维织物的树脂。
本申请实施例提供的纤维织物增强复合材料，以导电发热纤维织物为增强体，以树脂为基体形成的复合材料，具有较高的机械强度，较好的比刚性，弯曲模量不低于191GPa，轻量化效果好，且厚度均匀性好，表面平整。
为使本申请上述实施细节和操作能清楚地被本领域技术人员理解，以及本申请实施例纤维织物增强复合材料及其制备方法的进步性能显著的体现，以下通过多个实施例来举例说明上述技术方案。
实施例1
一种碳纳米管纤维织物增强复合材料，包括制备步骤：
①获取成形模具，在所述成形模具上，从下至上分别摆放脱模布，一层碳纳米管纤维织物，在碳纳米管纤维织物相对的两边设置T字型导电胶，并将导电胶外接电源；
②再铺上脱模布，导流网，隔离膜，真空袋，密封后抽真空，导入环氧树脂体系，使树脂充分浸润纤维织物，同时，采用压力机对整体施加1MPa的压力；
③给碳纳米管纤维织物通入0.6A的电流，温度约为100℃，固化时间为2小时。脱模后即得表面平整、树脂分布均匀的碳纳米管纤维织物增强复合材料。
实施例2
一种碳纳米管纤维织物增强复合材料，包括制备步骤：
①获取成形模具，在所述成形模具上，从下至上分别摆放脱模布，两层碳纳米管纤维织物，在碳纳米管纤维织物相对的两边设置T字型导电胶，并将导电胶外接电源；
②再铺上脱模布，导流网，隔离膜，真空袋，密封后抽真空，导入环氧树脂体系，使树脂充分浸润纤维织物，同时，采用压力机对整体施加5MPa的压力；
③给碳纳米管纤维织物通入0.2A的电流，温度约为80℃，固化时间为8小时。脱模后即得表面平整、树脂分布均匀的碳纳米管纤维织物增强复合材料。
实施例3
一种碳纤维布增强复合材料，包括制备步骤：
①获取成形模具，在所述成形模具上，从下至上分别摆放脱模布，一层碳纤维布，在碳纤维布相对的两边设置T字型导电胶，并将导电胶外接电源；
②再铺上脱模布，导流网，隔离膜，真空袋，密封后抽真空，导入环氧树脂体系，使树脂充分浸润纤维织物，同时，采用压力机对整体施加1MPa的压力；
③给碳纤维布通入0.1A的电流，温度约为60℃，固化时间为15小时。脱模后即得表面平整、树脂分布均匀的碳纤维布增强复合材料。
实施例4
一种石墨烯纤维织物增强复合材料，包括制备步骤：
①获取成形模具，在所述成形模具上，从下至上分别摆放脱模布，一层石墨烯 纤维织物，在石墨烯纤维织物相对的两边设置T字型导电胶，并将导电胶外接电源；
②再铺上脱模布，导流网，隔离膜，真空袋，密封后抽真空，导入环氧树脂体系，使树脂充分浸润纤维织物，同时，采用压力机对整体施加10MPa的压力；
③给石墨烯纤维织物通入0.4A的电流，温度约为80℃，固化时间为2小时。脱模后即得表面平整、树脂分布均匀的石墨烯纤维织物增强复合材料。
实施例5
一种碳纳米管纤维织物和碳纤维布的增强复合材料，包括制备步骤：
①获取成形模具，在所述成形模具上，从下至上分别摆放脱模布，一层碳纳米管纤维织物，一层碳纤维布，在碳纳米管纤维织物和碳纤维布相对的两边设置T字型导电胶，并将导电胶外接电源；
②再铺上脱模布，导流网，隔离膜，真空袋，密封后抽真空，导入环氧树脂体系，使树脂充分浸润纤维织物，同时，采用压力机对整体施加25MPa的压力；
③给碳纳米管纤维织物和碳纤维布通入0.4A的电流，温度约为80℃，固化时间为2小时。脱模后即得表面平整、树脂分布均匀的碳纳米管纤维织物和碳纤维布的增强复合材料。
对比例1
一种碳纳米管纤维织物增强复合材料，包括制备步骤：
①获取成形模具，在所述成形模具上，从下至上分别摆放脱模布，一层碳纳米管纤维织物，在碳纳米管纤维织物相对的两边设置T字型导电胶，并将导电胶外接电源；
②再铺上脱模布，导流网，隔离膜，真空袋，密封后抽真空，导入环氧树脂体系，使树脂充分浸润纤维织物；
③给碳纳米管纤维织物通入0.6A的电流，温度约为100℃，固化时间为2小时。脱模后即得表面平整、树脂分布均匀的碳纳米管纤维织物增强复合材料。
对比例2
一种碳纳米管纤维织物增强复合材料，包括制备步骤：
①获取成形模具，在所述成形模具上，从下至上分别摆放脱模布，一层碳纳米 管纤维织物，在碳纳米管纤维织物相对的两边设置T字型导电胶，并将导电胶外接电源；
②再铺上脱模布，导流网，隔离膜，真空袋，密封后抽真空，导入环氧树脂体系，使树脂充分浸润纤维织物，同时，采用压力机对整体施加1MPa的压力；
③将真空袋置于烘箱中，加热温度为100℃，固化时间为2小时。脱模后即得表面平整、树脂分布均匀的碳纳米管纤维织物增强复合材料。
为了验证本申请实施例1～4制备的复合材料的进步性，本申请对实施例1～4以及对比例1～2制得的复合材料进行了厚度均匀性测试，取各复合材料的任意三点进行厚度测量，计算各自的平均厚度和标准偏差值，测试结果如下表1所示：
表1
由上述测试结果可知，本申请实施例制得的复合材料，相对于对比例1未加压以及对比例2烘箱固化制得的复合材料，由于采用内部通电加热，并施加一定压力，加热加压更均匀，使制备得到的复合材料的厚度一致性更好。
本申请采用电子万能试验机在室温下按照标准ASTM D790三点载荷简支梁法，测试实施例1～4以及对比例1～2制得的复合材料的弯曲弹性模量，测试结果如下表2所示：
表2
[Table 1]
由上述测试结果可知，本申请实施例制得的复合材料，由于外部施压和内部加热相结合，树脂对纤维织物的浸润会更好，使力学性能得到提升。
以上仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。
Claims (16)
- 一种纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：获取模具，在所述模具表面依次设置第一脱模层和导电后可以自发热的导电发热纤维织物，在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶，所述导电胶与外电源连通；在所述导电发热纤维织物远离所述第一脱模层的另一侧表面设置第二脱模层，然后在所述第二脱模层远离所述导电发热纤维织物的另一侧表面设置真空袋，所述真空袋通过密封胶条与所述模具粘结形成密封空间，将依次层叠设置的所述第一脱模层、所述导电发热纤维织物和所述第二脱模层包覆在所述密封空间内；对所述密封空间抽真空后注入树脂，使所述树脂完全浸润导电发热纤维织物后，通过所述导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通电，所述导电发热纤维织物被通电后自发热使所述树脂固化成型，脱模得到纤维织物增强复合材料。
- 如权利要求1所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置导电胶的步骤包括：在所述导电发热纤维织物相对的两侧边设置T型导电胶，并通过所述T型导电胶与外电源连通，使所述导电发热纤维织物通过相对的两侧边的所述T型导电胶和所述外电源连接在一起。
- 如权利要求2所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，通过所述导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通电的步骤包括：通过所述导电胶对所述导电发热纤维织物通0.1～0.6A的电流，使所述导电发热纤维织物产生50～100℃的加热温度。
- 如权利要求1～3任一所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述模具表面设置第一脱模层之前，还包括步骤：在所述模具表面沉积脱模剂。
- 如权利要求4所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在 于，在所述第二脱模层与所述真空袋之间还包括：依次设置在所述第二脱模层表面的隔离膜和导流网。
- 如权利要求1～3或5任一所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，使所述树脂完全浸润导电发热纤维织物后，还包括步骤：在所述真空袋外侧，对所述密封空间施加垂直于所述导电发热纤维织物的压力，所述压力为1～25MPa。
- 如权利要求4所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述脱模剂选自：硅系脱模剂、蜡系脱模剂、氟系脱模剂、表面活性脱模剂、聚醚系脱模剂中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求5所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述隔离膜选自：氟塑料薄膜、聚甲基戊烯薄膜、聚酰亚胺薄膜中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求5所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述导流网选自：高密度聚乙烯和/或聚乙烯。
- 如权利要求1～3、5或7～9任一所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述导电发热纤维织物包括：碳纳米管纤维织物、碳纤维织物、石墨烯纤维织物中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求10所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述导电发热纤维织物的组织选自：平纹、斜纹或缎纹中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求11所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述树脂的粘度为0.1～0.5Pa·s。
- 如权利要求1～3、5、7～9、11或12任一所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述树脂选自：环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、乙烯基树脂中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求13所述的纤维织物增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述第一脱模层和所述第二脱模层分别选自：聚酰胺、聚酯或聚四氟乙烯涂层的玻璃纤维透气布。
- 一种纤维织物增强复合材料，其特征在于，所述纤维织物增强复合材料由如权利要求1～14任一所述的方法制得，包括导电发热纤维织物和浸润并包覆所述导电发热纤维织物的树脂。
- 如权利要求15所述的纤维织物增强复合材料，其特征在于，所述纤维织物增强复合材料的弯曲模量不低于191GPa。
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| EP2422949A1 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-02-29 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Out-of-autoclave and alternative oven curing using a self heating tool |
| CN103770341A (zh) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-05-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | 碳纤维增强复合材料的加工系统及其采用液体成型工艺的可控碳纤维自加热方法 |
| CN105479768A (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-04-13 | 西北工业大学 | 树脂基碳纤维复合材料的自阻电加热固化方法 |
| US20170232702A1 (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2017-08-17 | Komatsu Seiren Co., Ltd. | Molded object and method of manufacturing same |
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| CN1544238A (zh) * | 2003-11-17 | 2004-11-10 | 中国航空工业第一集团公司北京航空材 | 碳纤维增强复合材料的自电阻加热成型方法 |
| EP2422949A1 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-02-29 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Out-of-autoclave and alternative oven curing using a self heating tool |
| CN103770341A (zh) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-05-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | 碳纤维增强复合材料的加工系统及其采用液体成型工艺的可控碳纤维自加热方法 |
| US20170232702A1 (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2017-08-17 | Komatsu Seiren Co., Ltd. | Molded object and method of manufacturing same |
| CN105479768A (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-04-13 | 西北工业大学 | 树脂基碳纤维复合材料的自阻电加热固化方法 |
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