CN112848528A - 工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,其底层和顶层为工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料,底层与顶层之间有至少一层金属孔板,当底层与顶层之间的金属孔板为至少两层时,金属孔板之间为工程塑料层或含有增强相的工程塑料层,所述工程塑料层或含有增强相的工程塑料层与所述金属孔板结合成一体,且工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料贯穿在金属孔板的孔道中形成网络互穿结构。上述层压复合材料的制备方法,首先将工程塑料粉末或含增强相的工程塑料粉末铺设在模具中,当其加热熔融后放入金属孔板,当金属孔板和工程塑料粉末或含增强相的工程塑料粉末完全放入模具后保温保压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,得到层压复合材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纤维金属混杂层板技术领域,涉及工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
纤维金属混杂层板(工程塑料金属混杂层板)是由金属薄板与纤维增强树脂预浸料或工程塑料交替层铺后热压固化形成的复合层板,因而综合了金属材料和纤维复合材料或工程塑料的优点,具有更高的比强度、比刚度及优异的耐高温性能,在航空和生物材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。但此类材料由于具有多界面层,尤其是金属/树脂界面的结合牢靠性较差,因而存在的主要问题是界面失效(界面分层),导致力学性能降低,甚至材料整体被破坏。
为了解决复合层板的界面失效问题,现有技术通过对金属板进行表面处理及在金属板与预浸料或工程塑料之间增加底胶树脂层来提高金属板与纤维增强树脂或工程塑料的结合强度。例如,CN201710556504.5公开了一种改善钛/纤维增强复合材料层板界面性能的方法,该方法的步骤如下:1)对钛合金进行表面处理,表面处理方法为喷砂处理、阳极氧化处理或者喷砂后阳极氧化处理;2)将碳纳米管与耐高温热固性底胶树脂形成的分散液作为层板的底胶层涂敷在经过表面处理的钛合金表面,与预浸料树脂进行多层铺设,形成复合层板,其碳纤维层/金属层层间结构包含两个界面,分别为钛/碳纳米管/热固性树脂界面层和碳纤维/热固性树脂界面层;3)将分散过碳纳米管的底胶树脂均匀涂覆于钛合金表面并烘干;4)将烘干后的涂覆有底胶树脂层的钛板与纤维增强预浸料交替铺层,加温加压固化得到钛/纤维增强复合材料层板;每层钛板与预浸料之间都有一层含有碳纳米管的底胶树脂层。上述方法虽然可改善层板的层间界面性能,提高层板的综合力学性能,但工艺较为复杂,且增加了复合层板的制备成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料及其制备方法,以解决纤维金属混杂层板(工程塑料金属混杂层板)的界面失效(界面分层)问题,并简化工艺和降低制备成本。
本发明所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,其底层和顶层为工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料,底层与顶层之间有至少一层金属孔板,当底层与顶层之间的金属孔板为至少两层时,金属孔板之间为工程塑料层或含有增强相的工程塑料层,所述工程塑料层或含有增强相的工程塑料层与所述金属孔板结合成一体,且工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料贯穿在金属孔板的孔道中形成网络互穿结构。
上述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,当底层与顶层之间的金属孔板为至少两层时,金属孔板之间的工程塑料层厚度为500μm~2cm。
上述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,金属孔板的厚度不超过3mm,孔密度为1~1000个/cm2。
上述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,金属孔板上的孔优选圆孔或方孔,当金属孔板上的孔为圆孔时,孔径为200μm~5mm,当金属孔板上的孔为方孔时,孔的长度为200μm~5mm、宽度为200μm~5mm。
上述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,工程塑料、工程塑料所含增强相及金属孔板的材质主要根据其应用领域及要求的力学性能和耐高温性能确定,并要使工程塑料或含增强相的工程塑料与金属孔板之间不存在电位差或电位差可忽略不计,以避免发生电化学腐蚀所导致的力学性能降低。通常,工程塑料为聚醚醚酮、尼龙、聚酯、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯或聚苯硫醚。金属孔板的材质为钛及其合金、钴及其合金、铝及其合金、钴铬钼合金或不锈钢。增强相为石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、黑磷、石墨、碳纳米管、碳纤维或MXene材料(一类具有二维层状结构的金属碳化物和金属氮化物材料),增强相的质量分数为0.01~20%。
本发明所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料的制备方法,以工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末及金属孔板为原料,步骤如下:
(1)根据所制备的层压复合材料及其尺寸,计量工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末及准备金属孔板;
(2)当制备的层压复合材料底层和顶层为工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料、底层与顶层之间的金属孔板为一层时,将计量好的底层所需工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至高于工程塑料的熔点但不超过其熔点50℃的温度保温使工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末处于熔融状态,然后将金属孔板放入热压机的模具,再将计量好的顶层所需工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末加入热压机的模具中,待加入的工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末被加热至熔融状态后,连续进行下述操作至少三次:加压至1~2MPa,保温保压至少3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到层压复合材料;
或者当制备的层压复合材料底层和顶层为工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料、底层与顶层之间的金属孔板为至少两层时,将计量好的底层所需工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至高于工程塑料的熔点但不超过其熔点50℃的温度保温使工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末处于熔融状态,然后将第一层金属孔板放入热压机的模具,再将计量好的第一层金属孔板与第二层金属孔板之间所需工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末加入热压机的模具中,待加入的工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末被加热至熔融状态后,放入第二层金属孔板,按照上述操作,直至所有的金属孔板被放入热压机的模具,再将计量好的顶层所需工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末加入热压机的模具中,待加入的工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末被加热至熔融状态后,连续进行下述操作至少三次:加压至1~2MPa,保温保压至少3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到层压复合材料。
上述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料的制备方法,金属孔板的厚度不超过3mm,孔密度为1~1000个/cm2;金属孔板上的孔优选圆孔或方孔,当金属孔板上的孔为圆孔时,孔径为200μm~5mm,当金属孔板上的孔为方孔时,孔的长度为200μm~5mm、宽度为200μm~5mm。
上述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料的制备方法,工程塑料为聚醚醚酮、尼龙、聚酯、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯或聚苯硫醚;金属孔板的材质为钛及其合金、钴及其合金、铝及其合金、钴铬钼合金或不锈钢;工程塑料所含增强相为石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、黑磷、石墨、碳纳米管、碳纤维或MXene材料。
本发明所述方法具有以下有益效果:
1、由于本发明所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料中,工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料贯穿在金属孔板的孔道中形成了网络互穿结构,因而有效解决了层压复合材料的界面失效(界面分层)问题。
2、本发明用金属孔板代替金属板,使得热压成型过程中熔融的工程塑料进入金属孔板的孔道中,冷却后工程塑料与金属孔板结合为一体,形成网络互穿结构,为解决纤维金属混杂层板(工程塑料金属混杂层板)的界面失效(界面分层)提供了一种技术构思不同的技术方案。
3、本发明所述方法仅需在模具中铺设工程塑料粉末或含增强相的工程塑料粉末与金属孔板并进行热压加工,因而不仅简化了工艺,而且可降低制备成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明中方孔金属孔板的一种示意图;
图2是本发明中圆孔金属孔板的一种示意图;
图3是本发明所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料的外形照片;
图4是是本发明所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料的一种横截面照片;
图5是实施例1所制备的PEEK和多孔Ti6Al4V板的层压复合材料与对比例1所制备的PEEK热压成型板的应力-应变曲线,图中,P为对比例1制备的PEEK热压成型板,Ti@P为实施例1制备的PEEK和多孔Ti6Al4V板的层压复合材料;
图6是实施例2所制备的含石墨烯的PEEK和多孔Ti6Al4V板的层压复合材料与对比例2所制备的含石墨烯的PEEK热压成型板的应力-应变曲线,图中,PG为对比例2制备的含石墨烯的PEEK热压成型板,Ti@PG为实施例2制备的含石墨烯的PEEK和多孔Ti6Al4V板的层压复合材料。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例和对比例并结合附图对本发明所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料及其制备方法作进一步说明。
下述实施例中,热压机采用型号为YJAC的热压机(成都航发水利工程有限公司,中国),模具为不锈钢模具,内腔尺寸10cm×10cm×4mm。
实施例1
本实施例中,原料为聚醚醚酮(PEEK)粉末(熔点343℃)和钛合金Ti6Al4V孔板,所述Ti6Al4V孔板为图1所示的方孔孔板,激光烧结成型,孔板的尺寸为8cm×8cm×1mm,方孔的尺寸为1mm×1mm,孔板的孔密度为25个/cm2。
本实施例制备的层压复合材料,底层和顶层为聚醚醚酮,底层与顶层之间的Ti6Al4V孔板为两层,底层、顶层及两Ti6Al4V孔板之间的聚醚醚酮厚度相同,操作如下:
将计量好的底层所需聚醚醚酮粉末24g平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至380℃保温使聚醚醚酮粉末处于熔融状态,然后将第一层Ti6Al4V孔板放入热压机的模具,再将计量好的聚醚醚酮粉末24g加入热压机的模具中,待加入的聚醚醚酮粉末被加热至熔融状态后,放入第二层Ti6Al4V孔板,再将计量好的顶层所需聚醚醚酮粉末24g加入热压机的模具中,待加入的聚醚醚酮粉末被加热至熔融状态后,连续进行下述操作三次:加压至2MPa,保温保压3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到层压复合材料。
经测量,所得层压复合材料的尺寸为10cm×10cm×4mm,底层、顶层及两Ti6Al4V孔板之间的聚醚醚酮厚度均约为0.66mm。
将所得层压复合材料沿平行于其顶面的方向进行耐压实验,其应力-应变曲线如图5所示。
对比例1
本对比例用聚醚醚酮粉末制备尺寸为10cm×10cm×4mm的聚醚醚酮板体,操作如下:
将计量好的聚醚醚酮粉末120g平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至380℃保温使聚醚醚酮粉末处于熔融状态,然后连续进行下述操作三次:加压至2MPa,保温保压3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到聚醚醚酮板体。
将所得聚醚醚酮板体沿平行于其顶面的方向进行耐压实验,其应力-应变曲线如图5所示。
从图5可以看出,实施例1所制备的层压复合材料与对比例1所制备的聚醚醚酮板体相比,压缩弹性模量增加,最大压缩应力显著增大。
实施例2
本实施例中,原料为聚醚醚酮(PEEK)粉末、增强相石墨烯粉末和钛合金Ti6Al4V孔板,所述Ti6Al4V孔板为图1所示的方孔孔板,激光烧结成型,孔板的尺寸为8cm×8cm×1mm,方孔的尺寸为1mm×1mm,孔板的孔密度为25个/cm2。
本实施例制备的层压复合材料,底层和顶层为含石墨烯的聚醚醚酮,底层与顶层之间的Ti6Al4V孔板为两层,底层、顶层及两Ti6Al4V孔板之间的含石墨烯的聚醚醚酮厚度相同,操作如下:
将计量好的底层所需石墨烯粉末0.12g、聚醚醚酮粉末23.88g混合均匀后平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至380℃保温使混合粉末处于熔融状态,然后将第一层Ti6Al4V孔板放入热压机的模具,再将计量好的石墨烯粉末0.12g、聚醚醚酮粉末23.88g混合均匀后加入热压机的模具中,待加入的混合粉末被加热至熔融状态后,放入第二层Ti6Al4V孔板,再将计量好的顶层所需石墨烯粉末0.12g、聚醚醚酮粉末23.88g混合均匀后加入热压机的模具中,待加入的混合粉末被加热至熔融状态后,连续进行下述操作三次:加压至2MPa,保温保压3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到层压复合材料。
经测量,所得层压复合材料的尺寸为10cm×10cm×4mm,底层、顶层及两Ti6Al4V孔板之间的含石墨烯聚醚醚酮厚度均约为0.66mm。
将所得层压复合材料沿平行于其顶面的方向进行耐压实验,其应力-应变曲线如图6所示。
对比例2
本对比例用石墨烯粉末和聚醚醚酮粉末制备尺寸为10cm×10cm×4mm的含增强相石墨烯的聚醚醚酮板体,操作如下:
将计量好的石墨烯粉末0.6g、聚醚醚酮粉末119.4g混合均匀后平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至380℃保温使混合粉末处于熔融状态,然后连续进行下述操作三次:加压至2MPa,保温保压3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到含增强相石墨烯的聚醚醚酮板体。
将所得含增强相石墨烯的聚醚醚酮板体沿平行于其顶面的方向进行耐压实验,其应力-应变曲线如图6所示。
从图6可以看出,实施例2所制备的层压复合材料与对比例2所制备的含增强相石墨烯的聚醚醚酮板体相比,压缩弹性模量增加,最大压缩应力显著增大。
实施例3
本实施例中,原料为聚醚醚酮(PEEK)粉末、增强相石墨烯粉末和304不锈钢孔板,所述不锈钢孔板为图2所示的圆孔孔板,用激光打孔,孔板的尺寸为8cm×8cm×1mm,圆孔的孔径为1mm,孔板的孔密度为25个/cm2。
本实施例制备的层压复合材料,底层和顶层为含石墨烯的聚醚醚酮,底层与顶层之间的不锈钢孔板为一层,操作如下:
(1)称取聚醚醚酮粉末100.0g置于烧杯中,加乙醇100ml,超声分散30min;称取石墨烯粉末0.5g,加乙醇100ml,超声分散30min;将前述两种分散液装入同一容器,超声分散30min,经抽滤、烘干得到混合均匀的混合粉料;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合粉料48g平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至380℃保温使混合粉料处于熔融状态,然后将不锈钢孔板放入热压机的模具,再将步骤(1)得到的混合粉料48g后加入热压机的模具中,待加入的混合粉料被加热至熔融状态后,连续进行下述操作三次:加压至1MPa,保温保压3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到层压复合材料。
经测量,所得层压复合材料的尺寸为10cm×10cm×4mm,形成底层和顶层的含石墨烯聚醚醚酮厚度均约为1.5mm。
实施例4
本实施例中,原料为聚苯硫醚粉末(熔点285℃)和2024铝合金孔板,所述铝合金孔板为图2所示的圆孔孔板,用激光打孔,孔板的尺寸为8cm×8cm×1mm,圆孔的孔径为1mm,孔板的孔密度为25个/cm2。
本实施例制备的层压复合材料,底层和顶层为聚苯硫醚,底层与顶层之间的铝合金孔板为一层,操作如下:
将计量好的聚苯硫醚粉末50g平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至325℃保温使聚苯硫醚粉末处于熔融状态,然后将铝合金孔板放入热压机的模具,再将计量好的聚苯硫醚粉末50g加入热压机的模具中,待加入的聚苯硫醚粉末被加热至熔融状态后,连续进行下述操作三次:加压至2MPa,保温保压3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到层压复合材料。
经测量,所得层压复合材料的尺寸为10cm×10cm×4mm,形成底层和顶层的聚苯硫醚厚度均约为1.5mm。
实施例5
本实施例中,原料为尼龙粉末(熔点260℃)和CoCr28Mo6合金孔板,所述CoCr28Mo6合金孔板为图2所示的圆孔孔板,用激光打孔,孔板的尺寸为8cm×8cm×1mm,圆孔的孔径为1mm,孔板的孔密度为25个/cm2。
本实施例制备的层压复合材料,底层和顶层为尼龙,底层与顶层之间的CoCr28Mo6合金孔板为一层,操作如下:
将计量好的尼龙粉末50g平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至280℃保温使尼龙粉末处于熔融状态,然后将CoCr28Mo6合金孔板放入热压机的模具,再将计量好的尼龙粉末50g加入热压机的模具中,待加入的尼龙粉末被加热至熔融状态后,连续进行下述操作三次:加压至2MPa,保温保压3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到层压复合材料。
经测量,所得层压复合材料的尺寸为10cm×10cm×4mm,形成底层和顶层的聚苯硫醚厚度均约为1.5mm。
实施例6
本实施例中,原料为聚碳酸酯粉末(熔点220℃)、增强相碳纤维粉末和CoCr28Mo6合金孔板,所述CoCr28Mo6孔板为图2所示的圆孔孔板,用激光打孔,孔板的尺寸为8cm×8cm×1mm,圆孔的孔径为1mm,孔板的孔密度为25个/cm2
本实施例制备的层压复合材料,底层和顶层为含碳纤维的聚碳酸酯,底层与顶层之间的CoCr28Mo6合金孔板为一层,操作如下:
将计量好的碳纤维粉末1g、聚碳酸酯粉末49g混合均匀后平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至265℃保温使混合粉末处于熔融状态,然后将CoCr28Mo6合金孔板放入热压机的模具,再将计量好的碳纤维粉末1g、聚碳酸酯粉末49g混合均匀后加入热压机的模具中,待加入的混合粉末被加热至熔融状态后,连续进行下述操作三次:加压至2MPa,保温保压3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到层压复合材料。
经测量,所得层压复合材料的尺寸为10cm×10cm×4mm,形成底层和顶层的含碳纤维的聚碳酸酯厚度均约为1.5mm。
Claims (10)
1.工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,其特征在于该层压复合材料的底层和顶层为工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料,底层与顶层之间有至少一层金属孔板,当底层与顶层之间的金属孔板为至少两层时,金属孔板之间为工程塑料层或含有增强相的工程塑料层,所述工程塑料层或含有增强相的工程塑料层与所述金属孔板结合成一体,且工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料贯穿在金属孔板的孔道中形成网络互穿结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,其特征在于当底层与顶层之间的金属孔板为至少两层时,金属孔板之间的工程塑料层厚度为500μm~2cm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,其特征在于金属孔板的厚度不超过3mm,孔密度为1~1000个/cm2。
4.根据权利要求3所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,其特征在于金属孔板上的孔为圆孔或方孔,当金属孔板上的孔为圆孔时,孔径为200μm~5mm,当金属孔板上的孔为方孔时,孔的长度为200μm~5mm、宽度为200μm~5mm。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,其特征在于工程塑料为聚醚醚酮、尼龙、聚酯、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯或聚苯硫醚。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,其特征在于金属孔板的材质为钛及其合金、钴及其合金、铝及其合金、钴铬钼合金或不锈钢。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料,其特征在于工程塑料所含增强相为石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、黑磷、石墨、碳纳米管、碳纤维或MXene材料。
8.一种工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于以工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末及金属孔板为原料,步骤如下:
(1)根据所制备的层压复合材料及其尺寸,计量工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末及准备金属孔板;
(2)当制备的层压复合材料底层和顶层为工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料、底层与顶层之间的金属孔板为一层时,将计量好的底层所需工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至高于工程塑料的熔点但不超过其熔点50℃的温度保温使工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末处于熔融状态,然后将金属孔板放入热压机的模具,再将计量好的顶层所需工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末加入热压机的模具中,待加入的工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末被加热至熔融状态后,连续进行下述操作至少三次:加压至1~2MPa,保温保压至少3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到层压复合材料;
或者当制备的层压复合材料底层和顶层为工程塑料或含有增强相的工程塑料、底层与顶层之间的金属孔板为至少两层时,将计量好的底层所需工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末平铺在热压机的模具中,升温至高于工程塑料的熔点但不超过其熔点50℃的温度保温使工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末处于熔融状态,然后将第一层金属孔板放入热压机的模具,再将计量好的第一层金属孔板与第二层金属孔板之间所需工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末加入热压机的模具中,待加入的工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末被加热至熔融状态后,放入第二层金属孔板,按照上述操作,直至所有的金属孔板被放入热压机的模具,再将计量好的顶层所需工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末加入热压机的模具中,待加入的工程塑料粉末或含有增强相的工程塑料粉末被加热至熔融状态后,连续进行下述操作至少三次:加压至1~2MPa,保温保压至少3min后泄压,然后取出装有热压产物的模具自然冷却至室温,即得到层压复合材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于金属孔板的厚度不超过3mm,孔密度为1~1000个/cm2;金属孔板上的孔为圆孔或方孔,当金属孔板上的孔为圆孔时,孔径为200μm~5mm,当金属孔板上的孔为方孔时,孔的长度为200μm~5mm、宽度为200μm~5mm。
10.根据权利要求8获9所述工程塑料和多孔金属板的层压复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于工程塑料为聚醚醚酮、尼龙、聚酯、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯或聚苯硫醚;金属孔板的材质为钛及其合金、钴及其合金、铝及其合金、钴铬钼合金或不锈钢;工程塑料所含增强相为石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、黑磷、石墨、碳纳米管、碳纤维或MXene材料。
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