WO2021077479A1 - Procédé de démontage de module photovoltaïque - Google Patents

Procédé de démontage de module photovoltaïque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021077479A1
WO2021077479A1 PCT/CN2019/117132 CN2019117132W WO2021077479A1 WO 2021077479 A1 WO2021077479 A1 WO 2021077479A1 CN 2019117132 W CN2019117132 W CN 2019117132W WO 2021077479 A1 WO2021077479 A1 WO 2021077479A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic module
fluid
path
inclination angle
along
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2019/117132
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
许忠兴
庄虎梁
王永平
Original Assignee
常州瑞赛环保科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021077479A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021077479A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and in particular to a method for disassembling photovoltaic modules.
  • the structure of the usual photovoltaic module from the front to the back is composed of: glass, first EVA adhesive layer, silicon wafer, second EVA adhesive layer, back sheet, fluorine film (some photovoltaic modules do not have fluorine film), first EVA adhesive
  • the glass and the silicon wafer are bonded in layers, and the second EVA adhesive layer is bonded to the silicon wafer and the backplane.
  • the recycled photovoltaic modules are disassembled to obtain the precious metals and other objects contained therein. Therefore, the disassembly of the photovoltaic modules has corresponding value.
  • CN109092842A discloses a method for disassembling scrap photovoltaic modules.
  • the method includes the steps of disassembling aluminum frame, disassembling junction box, defluorinating film, removing backing plate, separating EVA adhesive layer and backing plate, and separating The steps of silicon wafer layer, solder ribbon and glass, and separate separation of materials.
  • the backplane is peeled off after the fluorine film is removed, and then the silicon wafer layer, the solder ribbon and the glass are separated.
  • the backing plate is made of FPF, FPE, full PET and PET.
  • the backing plate made of these materials has high toughness. Therefore, it is very difficult to peel the backing plate with the fluid sprayed by the spray gun. It takes at least half an hour to disassemble the entire photovoltaic module, so the efficiency is very low. Therefore, the above-mentioned treatment process needs to be improved.
  • the present invention aims to provide a method for disassembling photovoltaic modules with improved disassembly efficiency.
  • the disassembly method of photovoltaic modules includes the following steps:
  • the jetting device for jetting fluid is opposite to the back of the photovoltaic module, and the flow direction of the jet of fluid jetted by the jetting device forms an inclination angle with the back of the photovoltaic module in a non-perpendicular state;
  • the injection device and the photovoltaic module are controlled to move relative to each other according to the set path, and the injection device disassembles the entire photovoltaic module in the above-mentioned manner.
  • the method of the present invention is used to disassemble the photovoltaic module.
  • the liquid In the disassembly process, after the liquid is used to form an incision on the photovoltaic module, the liquid enters the photovoltaic module through the incision along the inclination angle, and the liquid flows from the inside of the photovoltaic module to the outside. Cut to separate the backplane, the EVA adhesive layer and the silicon wafer as a whole.
  • Such an inside-out disassembly method improves the efficiency of dismantling photovoltaic modules. According to experimental statistics, the average dismantling time of 100 photovoltaic modules is 13.5 minutes. Therefore, compared with the dismantling method in the prior art, the present invention The dismantling efficiency has more than doubled.
  • the chipping rate of silicon wafers has also been improved (in the existing technology, the cutting force of the fluid is mostly consumed on the back plate, and when the fluid reaches the silicon wafer layer, the cutting force has been greatly reduced. ).
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a disassembly device for photovoltaic modules of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an assembly diagram of the upper frame and the spray device
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a part of parts hidden on the basis of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a part of parts hidden on the basis of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the moving beam and the spraying device viewed from another direction;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the lower frame and the accommodating box
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the lower frame and the containing box
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the first path and the second path mapped on the photovoltaic module
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the incision formed on the photovoltaic module and the inclination formed between the nozzle and the photovoltaic module during disassembly;
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional structural view of a preferred spray head in the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the eccentric body in the nozzle
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the eccentric body in another direction
  • A is the photovoltaic module
  • B is the nozzle
  • C is the nozzle support
  • D is the locking part
  • F is the arc hole
  • L is the distance
  • R1 is the first path
  • R2 is the second path
  • O is the annular cut
  • ⁇ is The first inclination angle
  • ⁇ is the second inclination angle
  • X is the horizontal direction
  • Y is the vertical direction
  • Z is the longitudinal direction
  • 1 is the upper frame
  • 2 is the moving beam
  • 2a is the mounting seat
  • 2b is the supporting member
  • 3 is the first slide rail
  • 4 is the first drive
  • 5 is the gear box
  • 6 is the drive shaft
  • 7 is the gear
  • 8 is the For the rack
  • 9 is a support
  • 10 is a connecting seat
  • 11 is a lifting drive mechanism
  • 12 is a second slide rail
  • 13 is a third slide rail
  • 14 is a second drive mechanism
  • 15 is a pump
  • 16 is a protective housing
  • 17 is the lower frame
  • 18 is the box body
  • 19 is the support frame
  • 20 is the limit block
  • 21 is the movable clamping assembly
  • 22 is the multi-layer filter assembly
  • 23 is the third drive mechanism
  • 24 is the recovery box
  • 25 is the Filter
  • 26 is the liquid storage tank.
  • 30 is the housing, 31 is the supporting part, 32 is the joint, 32a is the first hole, 32b is the second hole, 33 is the eccentric body, 33a is the third hole, 33b is the force surface, 33c is the notch, 34 is the nozzle, 34a is the fourth hole, 34b is the injection hole, 35 is the support part, and 35a is the receiving groove.
  • the horizontal direction in the present invention is the X direction in the figure, that is, the left and right direction of the dismantling device
  • the vertical direction is the Y direction in the figure, that is, the up and down direction of the dismantling device.
  • the longitudinal direction is the Z direction in the figure, that is, the front and rear direction of the disassembly device.
  • the photovoltaic module disassembly device of the present invention includes an upper frame 1, a spray device arranged on the upper frame 1, and the upper frame 1 supports the spray device.
  • the spray device is movably It is arranged on the upper frame 1 to facilitate the movement of the spraying device relative to the photovoltaic module A during the spraying process.
  • the spraying device sprays a liquid containing liquid to act on the photovoltaic module A to disassemble the photovoltaic module A, and the liquid is preferentially used as water.
  • the spraying device includes a moving beam 2, a first driving mechanism, a spray head B, a supporting mechanism, a second driving mechanism, and a controller 16.
  • a moving beam 2 a first driving mechanism
  • a spray head B a spray head
  • a supporting mechanism a second driving mechanism
  • a controller 16 a controller 16.
  • the two ends of the moving beam 2 extend along the longitudinal direction of the dismantling device.
  • the moving beam 2 is provided with a mounting seat 2a, and the mounting seat 2a is used to install a supporting member 2b.
  • the upper frame 1 is provided with a horizontal arrangement along the upper frame
  • the first sliding rail 3, the moving beam 2 and the first sliding rail 3 are slidingly fitted. As a result, the moving beam 2 is driven by the first driving mechanism to move along the first sliding rail 3 to the upper frame 1 laterally.
  • the first driving mechanism drives the moving beam 2 to move along the lateral direction of the upper frame 1.
  • the first driving mechanism includes a first driver 4 and a first transmission mechanism connected to the moving beam 2.
  • the first transmission mechanism is connected to the output end of the first driver.
  • the first driver 4 is a torque driver.
  • the torque driver can be a motor or For hydraulic motors, electric motors are preferred.
  • the first transmission mechanism includes: a gear box 5 fixed on the moving beam 2, a transmission shaft 6, a gear 7, and a rack 8.
  • the input end of the gear box 5 is connected with the first driver 4, and the transmission shaft 6 is connected to the output of the gear box 5.
  • the transmission shaft 6 passes through the supporting member 2b.
  • the supporting member 2b is located near the end of the transmission shaft 6, and the supporting member 2b preferably adopts a bearing seat.
  • the supporting member 2b supports the transmission shaft 6 to ensure the gear 7 Reliability of meshing with rack 8.
  • the gear 7 is connected with the transmission shaft 6, and the rack 8 fixed on the upper frame 1 meshes with the gear 7.
  • the gear box 5 includes a gear box body, a first helical gear, a second helical gear (not shown in the figure), and an output shaft.
  • the axes of the first helical gear and the second helical gear form an included angle of 90 degrees.
  • the driver 4 is connected with the first helical gear.
  • the second helical gear is connected with the output shaft, and the output shaft is connected with the transmission shaft 6.
  • the power output from the first driver 4 is transmitted to the second helical gear through the first helical gear, and then transmitted to the output shaft by the second helical gear, thereby driving the transmission shaft 6 to rotate.
  • the transmission shaft 6 drives the gear 7 to rotate, and the gear 7 is engaged with the rack 8 to move the gear 7 along the lateral direction of the upper frame 1, so that the first driving mechanism and the moving beam 2 are integrated along the upper frame 1 Move laterally.
  • the supporting mechanism is movably arranged on the moving beam 2, and the spray head B is connected to the supporting mechanism.
  • the supporting mechanism includes: a support 9 movably arranged on the moving beam 2, a connecting seat 10 movably arranged on the support, and an elevating drive mechanism 11 that drives the connecting seat 10 to rise and fall along the vertical direction of the upper frame 1.
  • the moving beam 2 is provided with a second slide rail 12, both ends of the second slide rail 12 extend along the longitudinal direction of the upper frame 1, the support 9 and the second slide rail 12 slidingly fit, so that the support 9 is in the first It can move along the longitudinal direction of the upper frame 1 under the action of the two driving mechanisms.
  • the lifting drive mechanism 11 is fixed on the support base 9, and the power output end of the lifting drive mechanism 11 is connected to the connecting base 10.
  • the lifting drive mechanism 11 drives the connecting seat 10 to move along the vertical direction of the upper frame 1, so that the distance between the nozzle B and the photovoltaic module A can be adjusted as needed.
  • the lifting drive mechanism 11 preferentially adopts a structure composed of an electric motor and a screw mechanism , Wherein the electric motor is fixed on the support base 9, and the screw mechanism is connected with the electric motor and the connecting base 10 respectively.
  • a third slide rail 13 is provided on the support 9, and the connecting seat 10 is in sliding fit with the third slide rail 13.
  • the second drive mechanism 14 is arranged on the moving beam and is used to drive the support mechanism to move along the longitudinal direction of the upper frame.
  • the power output end of the second drive mechanism 14 is connected to the support base 9.
  • the second drive mechanism 14 is preferably driven by a motor, The structure composed of the screw mechanism, the output end of the motor is connected with the screw mechanism, and the screw mechanism is connected with the support 9.
  • the screw rod of the screw rod mechanism extends along the longitudinal direction of the upper frame 1.
  • the pump 15 provides a fluid with pressure and liquid.
  • the output of the pump 15 is connected to the nozzle B.
  • the pump 15 inputs the fluid to the nozzle B, and sprays the fluid onto the photovoltaic module A through the nozzle B, and the fluid disassembles the photovoltaic module A. solution.
  • the pump 15 is assembled on the top of the upper frame 1.
  • a controller (not shown in the figure), which controls the relative movement of the spray device and the photovoltaic module A according to the set path, and controls the fluid sprayed by the spray device to form a cut on the back of the photovoltaic module A, and the fluid is along the
  • the incision is injected into the inside of the photovoltaic module at an oblique angle, and the fluid with pressure expands inside the photovoltaic module to form a cut.
  • Nozzle B ejects a liquid to disassemble the photovoltaic module, and the flow direction of the liquid sprayed by nozzle B forms an inclination angle with the back of the photovoltaic module in a non-vertical state;
  • nozzle B is connected to the support mechanism through a mounting assembly, and the mounting assembly includes a nozzle support C
  • the locking component D the nozzle support C is L-shaped, one end of the nozzle support C is provided with an arc-shaped hole F, and the locking component D passes through the arc-shaped hole F to lock the nozzle support C on the connecting seat 10.
  • a protective shell 16 is installed around and on the top of the upper frame 1, and the splashing fluid is blocked by the protective shell 16.
  • the dismantling device also includes a lower frame 17, a receiving box for accommodating photovoltaic modules, and a multi-layer filter assembly 22 for filtering the disassembled materials of photovoltaic module A.
  • At least a part of the lower frame 17 is located in the spraying area of the spraying device.
  • a part of the lower frame 17 is located in the spray area of the upper spraying device, another part of the lower frame 17 is located outside the spraying device, the containing box is arranged on the lower frame 17, and the containing box is located below the spraying device.
  • the layer filter assembly is arranged in the containing box.
  • the containing box includes a box body 18, a support frame 19 installed in the box body 18 and used for placing photovoltaic modules, and a limit component that forms a limit on the periphery of the photovoltaic module.
  • the support frame 19 is located upstream of the multi-layer filter assembly; the support frame 19 prefers a grid-like structure, which can facilitate the decomposing formed after disassembly to fall onto the multi-layer filter assembly 22 for filtering. The decomposition products of different sizes are filtered through the multi-layer filter assembly 22.
  • the limit components include: limit blocks 20 that limit the two non-opposing sides of the photovoltaic module A, movable clamping components 21 that limit the other two non-opposite sides of the photovoltaic module, the limit block 20 and the support frame Fixed, the movable clamping assembly 21 is connected with the support frame 19.
  • the movable clamping assembly 21 is composed of a cylinder and a block connected with the cylinder.
  • the accommodating box is movably arranged on the lower rack 1 so that the accommodating box is allowed to move along the lateral direction of the upper rack 1 or the lower rack 17.
  • a guide rail is provided on the lower frame 17, and a wheel is provided at the lower part of the box body 18, and the wheel cooperates with the guide rail.
  • a third drive mechanism 23 is provided in this embodiment, and the third drive mechanism 23 is connected with the accommodating box to drive the box along the lateral direction of the upper frame. Move so that the accommodating box is moved into the spraying area of the spraying device, or after the accommodating box is moved, at least a part of the accommodating box is exposed to the outside of the spraying area.
  • the advantage of the container box being allowed to move along the upper rack 1 or the lower rack 17 is that since the photovoltaic module A is arranged in the container box, at least a part of the container box is exposed before the photovoltaic module A is disassembled Outside the spraying area of the spraying device, in this way, the photovoltaic module A can be easily assembled inside the containing box. After the photovoltaic module A is disassembled, it is convenient to collect the decomposed materials on the multi-layer filter assembly and in the containing box after disassembly, and take out the collected decomposed materials from the containing box. Obviously, exposing at least a part of the containing box to the outside of the spraying area of the spraying device, assembling the photovoltaic module A inside the containing box and collecting the decomposed materials, are not interfered by receiving the upper frame 1.
  • the third driving mechanism 23 is composed of a motor and a sprocket chain transmission mechanism.
  • the output end of the motor is connected with the driving sprocket in the sprocket chain transmission mechanism.
  • the driving sprocket is arranged on the lower frame 17 in the sprocket chain transmission mechanism.
  • the passive sprocket is installed on the box body 18 of the containing box.
  • the disassembly device also includes a liquid mixture recovery tank 24, a filter press (not shown in the figure) connected to the recovery tank 24, a filter 25 connected to the filter press, and a filter 25 connected to the filter 25
  • the liquid storage tank 26, the recovery tank 24 is located below the containment box, the recovery tank 24 is within the spray area of the spray device, and the recovery tank 24 receives the liquid mixture filtered by the multilayer filter assembly 22.
  • the liquid mixture is mainly composed of liquid fluid. , Silicon material composition.
  • the filter press performs pressure filtration on the mixed liquid from the recovery tank 24; the filter 25 filters the fluid output from the filter press; the liquid storage tank 26 receives the fluid output from the filter 25, and the liquid storage tank 26 It is also connected to the pump 15, and a liquid storage tank 26 is installed on the top of the upper frame 1.
  • the multi-layer filter assembly 22 includes at least two filter layers.
  • the first filter layer separates the mass decomposed material and the silicon particle powder that are bonded to the second EVA adhesive layer and the back plate, and the mass decomposed material remains in the first
  • the silicon particle powder passes through the first filter layer to the second filter layer, and the large silicon particles are filtered through the second filter layer.
  • the fine silicon particles and powder enter the recovery tank 24 along with the fluid to form a liquid.
  • the mixture and the liquid mixture are sent to the filter press for pressure filtration, so that the silicon material is formed into a filter cake, and the fluid is output to the filter 25 for re-filtering.
  • the filtered fluid is sent to the liquid storage tank 26, and the pump 15 restores the fluid. Transported to the nozzle B, so it circulates again and again.
  • the spray head B includes: a hollow shell 30, a supporting member 31, a joint 32, an eccentric body 33 with a cavity, and a spray head 34.
  • the lower part of the shell 30 is cone-shaped, and the supporting member 31 is installed at one end of the shell 30; the outer periphery of the supporting member 31 The surface is hermetically combined with the inner surface of the housing 30.
  • the supporting member 31 is made of wear-resistant materials, and the supporting member 31 is preferably made of ceramics.
  • the supporting member 31 is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is composed of a small diameter hole at the middle part and a large diameter hole at both ends.
  • the connector 32 is connected to the other end of the housing 30.
  • One end of the connector 32 is located in the housing 30.
  • the other end of the connector 32 is exposed to the outside of the housing 30.
  • the other end of the connector 32 is provided with an axial first hole 32a.
  • a thread is provided on the inner surface of a hole 32a for connecting the output end of the pump 15.
  • the first hole 32a is a blind hole, and the first hole 32a is a platform stage, in which the thread is arranged on the wall surface of the large-diameter hole section of the stepped hole.
  • the peripheral surface of one end of the joint 32 is provided with a second hole 32b communicating with the first hole 32a, and the diameter of the second hole 32b is preferably 2 mm.
  • One end of the eccentric body 33 is sleeved on one end of the joint 32 and is in clearance fit with the joint 32.
  • a plurality of third holes 33a are provided on the peripheral surface of the eccentric body 33, and at least one of the third holes 33a has a wall surface for bearing the drive of water.
  • the width of one end of the third hole 33a is smaller than the width of the other end of the force-receiving surface 33b that makes the eccentric body rotate, so that the force-receiving surface 33b is an inclined surface.
  • One side of the eccentric body 33 is provided with an eccentric mounting portion, one end of the spray head 34 is provided with a fourth hole 34a, and the other end of the spray head 34 is provided with a spray hole 34b communicating with the fourth hole 33a.
  • the inner diameter of the spray hole 34b is smaller than that of the fourth hole.
  • one end of the spray head 34 is matched with the eccentric mounting part, and the other end of the spray head 34 is matched with the supporting member 31.
  • the other end of the spray head 34 is abutted against the support member 31 to prevent the support member 31 from being squeezed by the force of the high-pressure fluid.
  • the eccentric mounting portion includes a supporting portion 35 located in the cavity of the eccentric body.
  • the supporting portion 35 is provided with a receiving groove 35a deviating from the center of the eccentric body, and one end of the spray head 34 is fitted in the receiving groove 35a.
  • a cutout 33c is provided on the peripheral surface of the eccentric body 33, and the cutout 33c corresponds to the receiving groove 35a.
  • the high-pressure fluid (such as water) enters the first hole 32a of the joint 32 and then is ejected from the second hole 32b.
  • the ejected fluid enters the third hole 33a, and the pressure of the fluid acts on the force-bearing surface 33b to drive the eccentric body 33
  • the eccentric body 33 drives the spray head 34 to make the spray head 34 form a high-speed rotational movement, and at the same time, the fluid sprayed from the third hole 33a enters the fourth hole 34a of the spray head 34.
  • the nozzle head Due to the pressure of the fluid, the nozzle head is used to press the support member 31 to prevent water leakage between the support member 31 and the housing 30.
  • the fluid is ejected along the ejection hole 34b and the supporting member 31 to form a rotating high-pressure cutting fluid.
  • the disassembly device of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, for example:
  • the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism, and the third driving mechanism 23 may also adopt linear actuators such as air cylinders and hydraulic cylinders in addition to the structures in the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the movable clamping assembly can also be composed of a fixed block, a spring, a guide rod, and a block-shaped part.
  • the fixed block is fixed to the support frame 19, the fixed block is provided with a hole, and one end of the guide rod is matched with the hole on the fixed block, and the guide rod
  • the other end of the spring is connected with the block member, one end of the spring abuts against the fixed block, and the other end of the spring abuts against the block member.
  • the present invention provides a method for disassembling a photovoltaic module, which is specifically illustrated by the following embodiments:
  • Step S1 The jetting device for jetting fluid is opposite to the back of photovoltaic module A.
  • the flow direction of the jetting device for jetting fluid containing liquid forms an inclination angle with the back of photovoltaic module A in a non-perpendicular state; where the fluid is Water or a mixture of water and abrasives, sand is preferred for abrasives.
  • the ratio of abrasives to water is 1-2:98-99, that is, 100 parts of fluid contains 1-2 parts of abrasives. Water is 98-99.
  • Step S2 Control the pressure of the jetting fluid of the jet device, that is, control the pressure of the fluid output from the pump 15 so that the fluid containing the liquid forms an incision O on the back of the photovoltaic module, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
  • the incision O is injected into the inside of the photovoltaic module at an oblique angle, and the fluid with pressure expands and forms a cut inside the photovoltaic module, so that the first EVA glue layer is crushed and separated from the glass, the silicon wafer is crushed, and the second EVA glue is crushed.
  • the layer is separated from the silicon wafer, and more than 95% of the second EVA adhesive layer is bonded to the back plate and broken into blocks of different sizes.
  • the pressure of the fluid acting on the back of the photovoltaic module A is 60 MPa.
  • Step S3 Control the spraying device and the photovoltaic module A to form a relative movement according to the set path, and the spraying device disassembles the entire photovoltaic module in the above-mentioned manner.
  • the preferred way is to fix the photovoltaic module A, and the spray device moves relative to the photovoltaic module A, so that the photovoltaic module A and the spray device form a relative movement, that is, the photovoltaic module A is clamped by the limit block 20 and the movable clamping assembly 21, and will not move during the disassembly process.
  • the lateral direction of the photovoltaic module A is parallel to the lateral direction of the upper frame 1
  • the longitudinal direction of the photovoltaic module A is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the upper frame 1.
  • the controller 16 controls the third drive mechanism 23 to adjust the distance L between the nozzle B and the photovoltaic module A.
  • the distance L refers to the distance between the fluid from the outlet of the nozzle B and the photovoltaic module A along the inclination angle.
  • the distance is the size of the diagonal line, not the vertical distance between the outlet of the nozzle B and the photovoltaic module. In this embodiment, the distance L is 0.9 meters.
  • the path includes a first path R1 in a rectangular wave, and the spray device moves relative to the photovoltaic module along the first path R1 to disassemble the photovoltaic module.
  • the first path R1 is set to a rectangular wave, and the second drive mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the nozzle B to move along the positive half axis of the longitudinal Z of the upper frame 1, and complete the set stroke along the positive half axis of the longitudinal Z.
  • the moving beam 2 is driven by the first driving mechanism to move along the lateral direction of the upper frame 1, and then the second driving mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the nozzle B to move along the negative half axis of the longitudinal Z of the upper frame 1. .
  • the advantage of setting the first path R1 to a rectangular wave is that the nozzle B is always in a translational state during the working process of the spray device, so that when the nozzle B moves along the positive and negative semi-axes of the longitudinal Z, There is no need to adjust the direction of the nozzle B, so that the efficiency of disassembly is improved.
  • the inclination angle includes a first inclination angle ⁇ and a second inclination angle ⁇ , and the injection device is directed toward the photovoltaic module along the first path R1.
  • the inclination angle formed by the flow direction of the fluid and the back of the photovoltaic module A is the first inclination angle ⁇
  • the first inclination angle ⁇ is an acute angle
  • the fluid is injected into the interior of the photovoltaic module A along the acute angle .
  • the first inclination angle ⁇ is preferably 45°.
  • the spray device moves along the first path R1 to the horizontal X of the photovoltaic module A, and then moves along the first path R1 to the negative semi-axis direction of the longitudinal Z of the photovoltaic module A.
  • the inclination angle formed by the flow direction of the fluid and the back of the photovoltaic module A is the second inclination angle ⁇
  • the second inclination angle ⁇ is an obtuse angle
  • the fluid is injected into the photovoltaic module along the obtuse angle.
  • the second inclination angle ⁇ is preferably 135°.
  • step S3 when the spraying device moves along the start or end of the first path R1, a part of the fluid ejected by the spraying device acts on the photovoltaic module, and the other part of the fluid is sprayed to the non-dismantling outside of the photovoltaic module. area.
  • a part of the cut O is located on the photovoltaic module A, and another part of the cut O is located on the outside of the photovoltaic module A.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that the edge of the photovoltaic module can be completely cut by the jetted fluid, avoiding the edge that is not cut by the fluid (the edge refers to the silicon wafer and EVA and the back plate located in the peripheral attachment of the photovoltaic module) Remains on the glass.
  • the cut O formed on the back of the photovoltaic module A by the fluid sprayed by the spraying device is basically annular.
  • a part of the next annular incision O is superimposed in the cutting area formed by the previous annular incision O.
  • the annular incision O is formed by the rotation of the fluid, and the rotating fluid has a stronger cutting force, so that the back plate, the EVA adhesive layer and the silicon wafer can be peeled off faster and better.
  • the first drive mechanism drives the moving beam 2 to drive the nozzle B to move at a speed of 3.5 m/min along the transverse direction X
  • the second drive mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the nozzle B to move at a speed of 1 meter along the longitudinal direction Z. /minute.
  • the disassembly time of a photovoltaic module A is 13 minutes.
  • the cut O is a rectangular cut.
  • the pressure of the fluid acting on the back of the photovoltaic module A is 52 MPa.
  • the distance L is 0.7 meters.
  • the first inclination angle ⁇ is 60°, and the second inclination angle ⁇ is 120°.
  • the first driving mechanism drives the moving beam 2 to drive the nozzle B to move at a speed of 3.2 m/min along the transverse direction X.
  • the second drive mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the nozzle B to move at a speed of 0.9 m in the longitudinal direction Z. /minute.
  • the disassembly time of a photovoltaic module A is 13.4 minutes.
  • the cut O is a rectangular cut.
  • the pressure of the fluid acting on the back of the photovoltaic module A is 50 MPa.
  • the distance L is 0.5 meters.
  • the first inclination angle ⁇ is 50°, and the second inclination angle ⁇ is 130°.
  • the first drive mechanism drives the moving beam 2 to drive the nozzle B to move at a speed of 3.0 m/min along the transverse direction X, and the second drive mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the nozzle B to move at a speed of 0.8 m in the longitudinal direction Z. /minute.
  • the disassembly time of a photovoltaic module A is 14 minutes.
  • the cut O is a rectangular cut.
  • the pressure of the fluid acting on the back of the photovoltaic module A is 60 MPa.
  • the distance L is 1 meter.
  • the first inclination angle ⁇ is 60°, and the second inclination angle ⁇ is 120°.
  • the first drive mechanism drives the moving beam 2 to drive the nozzle B to move at a speed of 3.3 m/min along the transverse direction X, and the second drive mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the nozzle B to move at a speed of 0.9 m in the longitudinal direction Z. /minute.
  • the disassembly time of a photovoltaic module A is 14.3 minutes.
  • the disassembly method is not limited to the foregoing embodiment, for example:
  • the path also includes a second path R2 that is substantially parallel to the circumferential direction of the photovoltaic module A, and the spray device moves relative to the photovoltaic module A along the second path R2 to the area near the edge of the back of the photovoltaic module A Dismantling.
  • the sequence of the movement paths of the spraying device during cutting is: first move along the second path R2, and then move along the first path R1.
  • a part of the fluid sprayed by the spraying device acts on the photovoltaic module A, and the other part of the fluid is sprayed to the non-dismantling area outside the photovoltaic module A.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de démontage d'un module photovoltaïque, comprenant les étapes suivantes : un dispositif de pulvérisation servant à pulvériser un liquide est disposé en face d'une surface arrière d'un module photovoltaïque, et la direction d'écoulement d'un fluide pulvérisé par le dispositif de pulvérisation forme une inclinaison avec la surface arrière du module photovoltaïque dans un état non perpendiculaire ; la pression du fluide pulvérisé par le dispositif de pulvérisation est contrôlée, de telle sorte qu'un fluide contenant un liquide forme une encoche sur la surface arrière du module photovoltaïque ; le fluide est injecté à l'intérieur du module photovoltaïque selon un angle d'inclinaison le long de l'encoche, et le fluide pressurisé se dilate à l'intérieur du module photovoltaïque et forme une coupe, de telle sorte qu'une première couche de colle EVA est broyée et séparée du verre, une tranche de silicium est broyée, et une seconde couche de colle EVA est séparée de la tranche de silicium, la seconde couche de colle EVA étant liée avec une plaque arrière et divisée en blocs de différentes tailles ; et le dispositif de pulvérisation et le module photovoltaïque sont contrôlés pour former un mouvement relatif selon un trajet configuré. Ainsi, le dispositif de pulvérisation démonte l'ensemble du module photovoltaïque selon le procédé sus-décrit. La présente invention présente l'avantage d'améliorer l'efficacité de démontage.
PCT/CN2019/117132 2019-10-25 2019-11-11 Procédé de démontage de module photovoltaïque WO2021077479A1 (fr)

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CN115945497A (zh) * 2023-02-01 2023-04-11 宁夏大学 一种光伏组件的背板剥离方法

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CN110690325B (zh) * 2019-10-25 2024-08-20 常州瑞赛环保科技有限公司 光伏组件的拆解装置
CN114733878B (zh) * 2022-03-28 2023-06-13 内蒙古新创环境科技有限公司 一种退役光伏组件背板的拆卸装置

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CN115945497A (zh) * 2023-02-01 2023-04-11 宁夏大学 一种光伏组件的背板剥离方法

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