WO2021073344A1 - 一种推力块、电机及水下助推器 - Google Patents

一种推力块、电机及水下助推器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021073344A1
WO2021073344A1 PCT/CN2020/115700 CN2020115700W WO2021073344A1 WO 2021073344 A1 WO2021073344 A1 WO 2021073344A1 CN 2020115700 W CN2020115700 W CN 2020115700W WO 2021073344 A1 WO2021073344 A1 WO 2021073344A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thrust block
hole
rotating shaft
motor
present disclosure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/115700
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏建仓
杨险峰
李岱宗
Original Assignee
天津深之蓝海洋设备科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021073344A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021073344A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14—Propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
    • B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of underwater equipment, and in particular relates to a thrust block, a motor and an underwater booster.
  • the brushless DC motor is a type of permanent magnet synchronous motor. It does not use mechanical brushes, but uses an electronic commutator with a simple structure and reliable operation. Generally, in a brushless DC motor, the deep groove ball bearing supporting the shaft has a poor ability to carry axial load, which affects the service life of the motor. When the thrust block is used to carry the axial load of the rotating shaft, the thrust block and the parts in contact with the thrust block are greatly worn out, which affects the life of the motor.
  • the present disclosure aims to provide a thrust block, a motor, and an underwater booster.
  • a thrust block rotates, a water film is generated to reduce wear and increase life.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a thrust block, which is installed in a motor and is used to transmit an axial load of a rotating shaft.
  • the center of the thrust block is provided with a first through hole along the axial direction, and a water groove is provided on one end surface; One end of the water tank extends to the side wall of the thrust block.
  • the number of the water tank is multiple.
  • a plurality of the water tanks are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.
  • the water tank extends from the first through hole to the side wall of the thrust block.
  • the water tank extends along the radial direction of the thrust block.
  • the water tank includes a first slope and a second slope, and the first slope and the second slope respectively extend from the bottom end of the water tank to the end surface where the water tank is located.
  • the side wall of the thrust block is a cylindrical surface.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a motor, including: a stator, including a shaft hole penetrating in the axial direction, a coil is wound on the outer wall of the stator; a rotor, including a first cavity, the first cavity The front end is open, the end surface of the tail end is provided with a shaft mounting hole, the stator is arranged in the first cavity; the magnet is arranged on the inner wall of the first cavity, opposite to the coil; the bearing is arranged in the In the shaft hole; the rotating shaft, the tail end is arranged in the rotating shaft mounting hole, the front end extends through the bearing to extend the shaft hole, the rotor drives the rotating shaft to rotate; the fixed block is arranged in the shaft hole , The fixed block includes a second through hole, the rotating shaft passes through the second through hole; the thrust block as described above, the thrust block is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the thrust block connects the rotating shaft The axial load is transferred to the fixed block.
  • a water inlet hole is provided on the rotor, and the water inlet hole is used for water to flow into the first cavity.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an underwater booster, including: a housing; the motor as described above, the motor is connected to the housing; and a propeller, the propeller is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor.
  • the thrust block of the present disclosure forms a water film with adjacent components through the action of the water tank when rotating, which plays a role of lubrication, reduces the abrasion of the motor, and reduces the power consumption.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of a thrust block of an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the thrust block of the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the thrust block of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded view of the motor of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a stator support according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the stator bracket of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a stator core according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic permeable ring according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic permeable ring support according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a shaft of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a fixing block according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an underwater booster according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a propeller of an underwater booster according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 16 is an exploded view of the thruster of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a thruster shell of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of the thruster housing of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present disclosure, “plurality” means two or more than two, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixed or detachable.
  • Connected or integrally connected It can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, which can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction of two components relationship.
  • an intermediate medium which can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction of two components relationship.
  • the "on” or “under” of the first feature of the second feature may include the first and second features in direct contact, or may include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through other features between them.
  • the "above”, “above” and “above” of the first feature on the second feature include the first feature directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or it simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • the “below”, “below” and “below” of the first feature of the second feature include the first feature directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than the second feature.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a thrust block 100.
  • the thrust block 100 is installed in the motor, connected with the rotating shaft, and can transmit the axial load of the rotating shaft.
  • a first through hole 110 is provided in the center of the thrust block 100 along the axial direction.
  • the thrust block 100 can be sleeved on the rotating shaft through the first through hole, and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft.
  • a water tank 120 is provided on one end surface 140 of the thrust block 100.
  • One end (first end 121) of the water tank 120 extends to the side wall 130 of the thrust block.
  • the water flows into the water tank 120 through the first end 121.
  • the rotating shaft drives the thrust block 100 to rotate, the water tank 120 pushes water to form a water film between the thrust block 100 and the adjacent components of the thrust block 100.
  • the water film can effectively reduce the wear of the thrust block 100 and adjacent components, and at the same time reduce the power consumption of the motor.
  • the number of water tanks 120 is multiple. In this embodiment, the number of water tanks 120 is three, and other numbers of water tanks 120 may be used as required. Optionally, a plurality of water tanks 120 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.
  • the water tank 120 extends from the first through hole 110 to the side wall 130 of the thrust block. That is, the second end 122 of the water tank 120 extends to the first through hole 110, and the first end 121 extends to the side wall 130 of the thrust block.
  • the water tank 120 extending from the first through hole 110 to the side wall 130 of the thrust block is more conducive to forming a water film.
  • the water tank 120 extends in the radial direction of the thrust block 100.
  • the water groove 120 extending in the radial direction of the thrust block 100 is beneficial to improve the uniformity of the water film.
  • the water tank 120 includes a first inclined surface 123 and a second inclined surface 124.
  • the intersection of the first inclined surface 123 and the second inclined surface 124 forms the bottom end of the water tank 120.
  • the first inclined surface 123 and the second inclined surface 124 respectively extend obliquely from the bottom end of the water tank 120 to the end surface 140 where the water tank is located.
  • the included angle between the first inclined surface 123 and the second inclined surface 124 is an obtuse angle, and the length of the first inclined surface 123 is greater than the length of the second inclined surface 124.
  • the side wall 130 of the thrust block 100 is a cylindrical surface, which is convenient for processing and manufacturing of the thrust block 100.
  • the resistance of water to the cylindrical thrust block 100 is the least.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a motor, and the motor is a brushless DC motor.
  • the motor includes a stator 200, a rotor 300, a magnet 400, a bearing 500, a rotating shaft 600, a fixed block 700 and the thrust block 100 as described above.
  • the stator 200 includes a shaft hole 211 penetrating in the axial direction, and the shaft hole 211 is used for mounting the rotating shaft 600.
  • a coil (not shown in the figure) is wound on the outer wall of the stator 200, and the coil is arranged as a coil of a brushless DC motor.
  • the stator 200 includes a stator support 210 and a stator core 220.
  • the through shaft hole 211 is located on the stator support 210.
  • the stator core 220 includes a third through hole 222, the stator support 210 penetrates the third through hole 222, the stator core 220 is sleeved on the stator support 210, the stator support 210 and the stator core 220 are interference fit to realize the stator support 210 The fixed connection with the stator core 220.
  • the coil is wound on the outer wall 221 of the stator core 220.
  • Both the stator support 210 and the stator core 220 can be made of silicon steel.
  • the rotor 300 includes a first cavity, and the front end (the right end in the figure) of the first cavity is open.
  • the stator 1 is arranged in the first cavity.
  • a shaft mounting hole 321 is provided on the end surface of the end of the first cavity (the left end in the figure).
  • the rotor 300 includes a magnetically permeable ring 310 and a magnetically permeable ring support 320.
  • the magnetic permeable ring 310 has a circular ring shape with a through cavity 311 inside.
  • the side wall 322 of the magnetic permeable ring support 320 is inserted into the cavity 311 of the permeable ring 310, and the permeable ring 310 and the permeable ring support 320 are interference fit to realize the fixed connection between the permeable ring 310 and the permeable ring support 320.
  • the magnetic permeable ring support 320 closes the tail end (the left end in the figure) of the permeable ring 310 to form a first cavity.
  • the magnetic permeable ring 310 and the permeable ring support 320 can be made of stainless steel.
  • the shaft mounting hole 321 is located at the center of the magnetic permeable ring support 320.
  • the center of the end surface of the magnetic permeable ring support 320 extends outward in the axial direction to increase the depth of the shaft mounting hole 321.
  • the plurality of magnets 400 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the magnetic permeable ring 310.
  • the magnet 400 is a permanent magnet, and its position is opposite to the coil on the stator 200. When the coil is energized, the magnet 400 receives the magnetic force to drive the rotor 300 to rotate.
  • the bearing 500 is disposed in the shaft hole 211.
  • the bearing 500 includes a first bearing 510 and a second bearing 520, and both the first bearing 510 and the second bearing 520 are deep groove ball bearings with flanges.
  • the first bearing 510 is installed at the rear end of the shaft hole 211
  • the second bearing 520 is installed at the front end of the shaft hole 211.
  • the diameters of the front end and the rear end of the shaft hole 211 are both enlarged, which facilitates the installation of the first bearing 510 and the second bearing 520.
  • the rotating shaft 600 is substantially cylindrical, and the tail end 610 of the rotating shaft 600 is installed in the rotating shaft mounting hole 321.
  • the rotating shaft 600 is in interference fit with the rotating shaft mounting hole 321 to achieve a fixed connection between the rotating shaft 600 and the rotor 300.
  • the front end 620 of the rotating shaft 600 passes through the bearing 500 and extends out of the shaft hole 211.
  • the bearing 500 supports the rotating shaft 600. After the coil is energized, the rotor 300 rotates, driving the rotating shaft 600 to follow the rotation.
  • the fixed block 700 is cylindrical and includes a second through hole 710 at the center.
  • the fixing block 700 is disposed in the shaft hole 211 and installed at the tail end 212 of the shaft hole, and is located on the left side of the first bearing 510 and is close to the first bearing 510.
  • the rotating shaft 60 passes through the second through hole 710 and does not contact the second through hole 710.
  • the fixing block 700 is made of a composite material of polytetrafluoroethylene and carbon fiber, which has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, dust resistance and self-lubrication.
  • the rotating shaft 600 passes through the first through hole 110 of the thrust block 100 and is connected to the thrust block 100.
  • the thrust block 100 is sleeved on the tail end of the rotating shaft 600.
  • the thrust block 100 is located at the rear end side of the fixed block 700 (left side in the figure).
  • the rotating shaft 600 When the rotating shaft 600 rotates, it drives the thrust block 100 to follow the rotation. Due to the action of the water tank 120, a water film is formed between the thrust block 100 and the fixed block 700, which plays a role of lubrication, reduces wear and reduces power consumption.
  • a plurality of water inlet holes 323 are provided on the magnetic permeable ring support 320 of the rotor to facilitate water flow into the first cavity.
  • the front end of the stator support 210 extends from the connecting block 213 in the radial direction.
  • the connecting block 213 is provided with a plurality of connecting holes 214.
  • the motor is fixed through the connecting hole 214 to facilitate the installation of the motor.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an underwater booster.
  • the underwater booster includes a housing 800, a motor and a propeller 900 as described above.
  • the motor and the propeller 900 are arranged in the housing 800, and the motor drives the propeller 900 to rotate, which can provide power for the underwater booster in the water.
  • the thruster part of the housing 800 includes a thruster shell 810, a front end cover 820 and a tail end cover 830.
  • the inside of the thruster shell 810 is a through cavity
  • the front end cover 820 is disposed at the front end of the thruster shell 810
  • the tail end cover 830 is disposed at the rear end of the thruster shell 810.
  • the propeller housing 810, the front end cover 820, the tail end cover 830, the motor and the propeller 900 form a propeller.
  • a sleeve 811 is provided in the thruster shell 810, and the sleeve 811 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the thruster shell 810 through a connecting piece 812.
  • the sleeve 811 includes a third cavity 813 with an open end, and the motor is located in the third cavity 813.
  • the connecting block 213 of the stator bracket is close to the end surface of the front end of the sleeve 811, and the bolt passes through the end surface of the front end of the sleeve 811 and is connected to the connecting hole 214 to realize the fixing of the motor.
  • the front end 620 of the rotating shaft 600 extends out of the sleeve 811 and is connected with the propeller 900.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种推力块（100）、电机及水下助推器，推力块（100）的中心处沿轴向设有第一通孔（110），一端面上设有水槽（120）；所述水槽（120）的一端延伸至推力块（100）的侧壁。推力块（100）通过水槽（120）的作用，旋转时形成水膜，减少磨损，提高寿命。

Description

一种推力块、电机及水下助推器 技术领域
本公开属于水下设备领域，尤其涉及一种推力块、电机及水下助推器。
背景技术
无刷直流电机是永磁式同步电机的一种，不使用机械的电刷，而是采用电子换向器结构简单，运行可靠。通常无刷直流电机中，支撑转轴的深沟球轴承承载轴向载荷的能力较差，影响电机的使用寿命。使用推力块承载转轴的轴向载荷时，对推力块及与推力块接触的部件磨损较大，影响电机的寿命。
发明内容
本公开旨在提出一种推力块、电机及水下助推器，推力块旋转时，通过产生的水膜减少磨损，提高寿命。
本公开的一个实施例提供一种推力块，安装在电机中，用于传递转轴的轴向载荷，所述推力块的中心处沿轴向设有第一通孔，一端面上设有水槽；所述水槽的一端延伸至所述推力块的侧壁。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述水槽的数量为多个。
根据本公开的一些实施例，多个所述水槽沿周向均布。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述水槽由所述第一通孔延伸至所述推力块的侧壁。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述水槽沿所述推力块的径向延伸。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述水槽包括第一斜面和第二斜面，所述第一斜面和第二斜面分别由所述水槽的最底端倾斜延伸至所述水槽 所在的端面。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述推力块的侧壁为圆柱面。
本公开的一个实施例还提供一种电机，包括：定子，包括沿轴向贯通的轴孔，所述定子的外壁上绕有线圈；转子，包括第一空腔，所述第一空腔的前端开口，尾端的端面上设有转轴安装孔，所述定子设置于所述第一空腔；磁铁，设置于所述第一空腔的内壁上，与所述线圈相对；轴承，设置于所述轴孔内；转轴，尾端设置于所述转轴安装孔内，前端穿过所述轴承延伸出所述轴孔，所述转子带动所述转轴旋转；固定块，设置于所述轴孔内，所述固定块包括第二通孔，所述转轴穿过所述第二通孔；如上所述的推力块，所述推力块套设在所述转轴上，所述推力块将所述转轴的轴向载荷传递给所述固定块。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述转子上设有进水孔，所述进水孔用于水流入所述第一空腔。
本公开的一个实施例还提供一种水下助推器，包括：壳体；如上所述的电机，所述电机连接所述壳体；螺旋桨，所述螺旋桨连接所述电机的转轴。
本公开的推力块，旋转时通过水槽的作用，与相邻部件之间形成一层水膜，起到润滑作用，减少电机的磨损，并减低功耗。
附图说明
图1是本公开实施例推力块的主视图；
图2是本公开实施例推力块的剖视图；
图3是本公开实施例推力块的俯视图；
图4是本公开实施例电机的示意图；
图5是本公开实施例电机的剖视图；
图6是本公开实施例电机的爆炸图；
图7是本公开实施例定子支架的示意图；
图8是本公开实施例定子支架的剖视图；
图9是本公开实施例定子铁芯的剖视图。
图10是本公开实施例导磁环的示意图；
图11是本公开实施例导磁环支撑的示意图；
图12是本公开实施例转轴的示意图；
图13是本公开实施例固定块的示意图；
图14是本公开实施例水下助推器的示意图；
图15是本公开实施例水下助推器的推进器示意图；
图16是本公开实施例推进器的爆炸图；
图17是本公开实施例推进器壳的示意图；
图18是本公开实施例推进器壳的剖视图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，仅简单地描述了某些示例性实施例。正如本领域技术人员可认识到的那样，在不脱离本公开的精神或范围的情况下，可通过各种不同方式修改所描述的实施例。因此，附图和描述被认为本质上是示例性的而非限制性的。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语"中心"、"纵向"、"横向"、"长度"、"宽度"、"厚度"、"上"、"下"、"前"、"后"、"左"、"右"、"坚直"、"水平"、"顶"、"底"、"内"、"外"、"顺时针"、"逆时针"等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。此外，术语"第一"、"第二"仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有"第一"、 "第二"的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。在本公开的描述中，"多个"的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语"安装"、"相连"、"连接"应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接:可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以相互通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之"上"或之"下"可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征"之上"、"上方"和"上面"包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征"之下"、"下方"和"下面"包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本公开的不同结构。为了简化本公开的公开，下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然，它们仅仅为示例，并且目的不在于限制本公开。此外，本公开可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母，这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的，其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外，本公开提供了的各种特定的工艺和材料的例子，但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。
以下结合附图对本公开的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本公开，并不用于限定本公开。
实施例1
如图1～3所示，本公开的实施例提供一种推力块100。推力块100安装在电机中，与转轴连接，可传递转轴的轴向载荷。推力块100的中心处沿轴向设有第一通孔110。推力块100可通过第一通孔套设在转轴上，与转轴固定连接。
推力块100的一端面140上设有水槽120。水槽120的一端(第一端121)延伸至推力块的侧壁130。电机位于水中时，水通过第一端121流入水槽120中。转轴带动推力块100旋转时，水槽120推动水在推力块100和推力块100相邻的部件之间形成一层水膜。水膜可有效减少推力块100及相邻部件的磨损，同时降低电机的功耗。
根据本公开一个可选的技术方案，水槽120的数量为多个。本实施例中水槽120的数量为三个，根据需要，水槽120也可为其它的数量。可选地，多个水槽120沿周向均布。
根据本公开一个可选的技术方案，水槽120由第一通孔110延伸至推力块的侧壁130。即水槽120的第二端122延伸至第一通孔110，第一端121延伸至推力块的侧壁130。水槽120由第一通孔110延伸至推力块的侧壁130更有利于形成水膜。
可选地，水槽120沿推力块100的径向延伸。沿推力块100的径向延伸的水槽120有利于提高水膜的均匀性。
如图3所示，根据本公开一个可选的技术方案，水槽120包括第一斜面123和第二斜面124。第一斜面123和第二斜面124的交汇处形成水槽120的最底端。第一斜面123和第二斜面124分别由水槽120的最底端倾斜延伸至水槽所在的端面140。可选地，第一斜面123和第二斜面124之间的夹角为钝角，第一斜面123的长度大于第二斜面124的长度。
根据本公开一个可选的技术方案，推力块100的侧壁130为圆柱面，便于推力块100的加工制造。推力块100旋转时，水对圆柱形的推力块100的阻力最小。
实施例2
如图4～6所示，本公开的一个实施例还提供一种电机，电机为无刷直流电机。电机包括定子200、转子300、磁铁400、轴承500、转轴600、固定块700和如上所述的推力块100。
定子200包括沿轴向贯通的轴孔211，轴孔211用于安装转轴600。定子200的外壁上绕有线圈(图中未示出)，线圈按照无刷直流电机的线圈设置。
如图7～9所示，可选地，定子200包括定子支架210和定子铁芯220。贯通的轴孔211位于定子支架210上。定子铁芯220包括第三通孔222，定子支架210穿入第三通孔222，定子铁芯220套设在定子支架210上，定子支架210和定子铁芯220过盈配合，实现定子支架210和定子铁芯220的固定连接。线圈缠绕在定子铁芯220的外壁221上。定子支架210和定子铁芯220均可采用硅钢制备。
转子300包括第一空腔，第一空腔的前端(图中右端)开口。定子1设置于第一空腔内。第一空腔尾端(图中左端)的端面上设有转轴安装孔321。
如图10和图11所示，可选地，转子300包括导磁环310和导磁环支撑320。导磁环310为圆环状，内部为贯通的腔体311。导磁环支撑320的侧壁322插入导磁环310的腔体311，导磁环310和导磁环支撑320过盈配合，实现导磁环310和导磁环支撑320的固定连接。导磁环支撑320封闭导磁环310的尾端(图中左端)，形成第一空腔。导磁环310和导磁环支撑320可选用不锈钢材质。
转轴安装孔321位于导磁环支撑320的中心处。导磁环支撑320的端面中心处沿轴向向外延伸出凸起，以增加转轴安装孔321的深度。
多个磁铁400在导磁环310的内壁上周向均布。磁铁400为永磁体，位置与定子200上的线圈相对。线圈通电时，磁铁400受到磁力的作用，带动转子300旋转。
轴承500设置于轴孔211内。本实施例中，轴承500包括第一轴承510和第二轴承520，第一轴承510和第二轴承520均为带法兰的深沟球轴承。第一轴承510安装于轴孔211的尾端，第二轴承520安装于轴孔211的前端。轴孔211的前端和尾端的孔径均增大，便于第一轴承510和第二轴承520的安装。
如图12所示，转轴600基本为圆柱形，转轴600的尾端610安装入转轴安装孔321内。转轴600与转轴安装孔321过盈配合，实现转轴600与转子300的固定连接。转轴600的前端620穿过轴承500延伸出轴孔211。轴承500对转轴600起到支撑的作用。线圈通电后，转子300旋转，带动转轴600跟随旋转。
如图13所示，固定块700为圆柱形，包括位于中心处的第二通孔710。固定块700设置于轴孔211内，安装在轴孔的尾端212，位于第一轴承510的左侧，紧贴第一轴承510。转轴60穿过第二通孔710，不与第二通孔710接触。
固定块700的材质为聚四氟乙烯和碳纤维的复合材料，具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐磨损、耐粉尘和自润滑等特点。
转轴600穿过推力块100的第一通孔110，与推力块100连接。推力块100套设在转轴600的尾端。安装时，推力块100位于固定块700的尾端一侧(图中的左侧)。转轴600受到向右的轴向载荷时，将轴向载荷传递给推力块100，推力块100将转轴600的轴向载荷传递给固定块700。
转轴600旋转时，带动推力块100跟随旋转，由于水槽120的作用，推力块100与固定块700之间形成一层水膜，起到润滑作用，减少磨损和减低功耗。
可选地，转子的导磁环支撑320上设有多个进水孔323，便于水流入第一空腔。
定子支架210的前端沿径向延伸出连接块213。连接块213上设有多个连接孔214。通过连接孔214对电机进行固定，便于电机的安装。
实施例3
如图14所示，本公开的一个实施例还提供一种水下助推器，水下助推器包括壳体800、如上所述的电机和螺旋桨900。电机和螺旋桨900设置于壳体800中，电机带动螺旋桨900旋转，在水中可为水下助推器提供动力。
如图15和图16所示，壳体800的推进器部分包括推进器壳810、前端盖820和尾端盖830。推进器壳810内部为贯通的腔体，前端盖820设置于推进器壳810的前端，尾端盖830设置于推进器壳810的尾端。推进器壳810、前端盖820、尾端盖830、电机和螺旋桨900形成推进器。
如图17和图18所示，推进器壳810内设有套筒811，套筒811通过连接件812与推进器壳810的内壁固定连接。套筒811包括尾端开口的第三空腔813，电机位于第三空腔813内。本实施例中，定子支架的连接块213贴紧套筒811的前端的端面，螺栓穿过套筒811的前端的端面与连接孔214连接，实现电机的固定。转轴600的前端620延伸出套筒811，与螺旋桨900连接。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，尽管参照前述实施例对本公开进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种推力块，安装在电机中，用于传递转轴的轴向载荷，其特征在于，所述推力块的中心处沿轴向设有第一通孔，一端面上设有水槽；所述水槽的一端延伸至所述推力块的侧壁。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述推力块，其特征在于，所述水槽的数量为多个。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述推力块，其特征在于，多个所述水槽沿周向均布。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述推力块，其特征在于，所述水槽由所述第一通孔延伸至所述推力块的侧壁。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述推力块，其特征在于，所述水槽沿所述推力块的径向延伸。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述推力块，其特征在于，所述水槽包括第一斜面和第二斜面，所述第一斜面和第二斜面分别由所述水槽的最底端倾斜延伸至所述水槽所在的端面。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述推力块，其特征在于，所述推力块的侧壁为圆柱面。
  8. 一种电机，其特征在于，包括：
    定子，包括沿轴向贯通的轴孔，所述定子的外壁上绕有线圈；
    转子，包括第一空腔，所述第一空腔的前端开口，尾端的端面上设有转轴安装孔，所述定子设置于所述第一空腔；
    磁铁，设置于所述第一空腔的内壁上，与所述线圈相对；
    轴承，设置于所述轴孔内；
    转轴，尾端设置于所述转轴安装孔内，前端穿过所述轴承延伸出所述轴孔，所述转子带动所述转轴旋转；
    固定块，设置于所述轴孔内，所述固定块包括第二通孔，所述转轴穿过所述第二通孔；
    权利要求1～7任意一项所述的推力块，所述推力块套设在所述转轴上，所述推力块将所述转轴的轴向载荷传递给所述固定块。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述电机，其特征在于，所述转子上设有进水孔，所述进水孔用于水流入所述第一空腔。
  10. 一种水下助推器，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体；
    权利要求8或9任意一项所述的电机，所述电机连接所述壳体；
    螺旋桨，所述螺旋桨连接所述电机的转轴。
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