WO2021068894A1 - 电磁悬浮列车轨道系统及悬浮电磁铁 - Google Patents

电磁悬浮列车轨道系统及悬浮电磁铁 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021068894A1
WO2021068894A1 PCT/CN2020/120012 CN2020120012W WO2021068894A1 WO 2021068894 A1 WO2021068894 A1 WO 2021068894A1 CN 2020120012 W CN2020120012 W CN 2020120012W WO 2021068894 A1 WO2021068894 A1 WO 2021068894A1
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Prior art keywords
levitation
core
coil
electromagnet
shaped
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PCT/CN2020/120012
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘忠臣
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大连奇想科技有限公司
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Application filed by 大连奇想科技有限公司 filed Critical 大连奇想科技有限公司
Priority to EP20873600.9A priority Critical patent/EP4105058A4/en
Priority to US17/766,486 priority patent/US20230406115A1/en
Publication of WO2021068894A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021068894A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L13/00—Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B60L13/04—Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L13/00—Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B60L13/10—Combination of electric propulsion and magnetic suspension or levitation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B13/00—Other railway systems
    • B61B13/08—Sliding or levitation systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • E01B25/30—Tracks for magnetic suspension or levitation vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • E01B25/30—Tracks for magnetic suspension or levitation vehicles
    • E01B25/305—Rails or supporting constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • E01B25/30—Tracks for magnetic suspension or levitation vehicles
    • E01B25/32—Stators, guide rails or slide rails
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/09—Structural association with bearings with magnetic bearings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N15/00—Holding or levitation devices using magnetic attraction or repulsion, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of rail transit, and specifically relates to an electromagnetic levitation train track system, which is suitable for a high-speed flying maglev train track system and a vacuum pipeline magnetic flying train.
  • the electromagnetic levitation trains currently in commercial operation are typically the German EMS system and Japanese superconducting electric levitation trains, and the medium and low-speed maglev trains of Japan, China and South Korea.
  • the main problems in the prior art are: the electromagnetic levitation system of the EMS magnetic levitation train system is not very efficient as a levitation electromagnet and a linear motor traction motor, the load capacity is weak, and there is a synchronous linear motor with a large weight and a traveling wave magnetic field.
  • the traction control structure is complicated.
  • the superconducting moving levitation train adopts the low-temperature superconducting system in the suspension process, and there is obvious electromagnetic radiation.
  • the low-to-medium-speed maglev train has a simple structure, but the driving efficiency of the copper or aluminum plate on the top of the track and the asynchronous motor under the car is very low, the F rail row has a high magnetic field leakage, and the suspension energy consumption is large.
  • the wheel-rail train has a simple structure and a long application time, but the open wheel-rail structure may derail at any time at high speeds.
  • the wheel bearings are severely worn at high speeds and heavy loads, with low service life, requiring frequent replacement and maintenance, and operating costs It is very high. As the train speed increases, the adhesion coefficient between the wheels and the track gradually decreases, making it difficult to brake at high speeds.
  • the invention aims to creatively propose a novel combined structure electromagnetic levitation train and track based on the existing mature applied technology, which has the advantages of safety, speed, economy, energy saving, and high cost performance. Combining the advantages of the above-mentioned technologies and overcoming the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, it is a cost-effective high-speed electromagnetic levitation train track technology solution.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: an electromagnetic levitation train track system, in which tracks are arranged on both sides of the roadbed or track beam, the maglev train runs on the track, and the traction guide electromagnetic is horizontally arranged on the support arms of the maglev train.
  • the magnetic pole direction of the traction guide electromagnet is set horizontally
  • the linear motor stator is set horizontally on the track corresponding to the position of the traction guide electromagnet.
  • the linear motor stator is composed of a stator coil and a stator iron core.
  • the magnetic pole direction of the stator iron core is set horizontally, and the traction guide
  • the working surface of the electromagnet is arranged parallel to the working surface of the stator iron core and is separated by a certain magnetic gap to form an iron core linear motor.
  • the bottom of the maglev train is provided with a suspension electromagnet, and the bottom of the track is located above the suspension electromagnet and a certain magnetic gap is horizontally arranged with an armature plate.
  • the mover coil of the traction guide electromagnet is connected with the control system, and the current magnitude and direction of the linear motor stator and the coil of the traction guide electromagnet are controlled through the control system, and the horizontal guiding force and traction force are controlled;
  • the levitation coil in the levitation electromagnet It is connected with the control system to form an electromagnetic levitation system, and the current size of the levitation coil of the levitation electromagnet is controlled by the control system to control the levitation force.
  • the levitation electromagnet is an E-shaped levitation electromagnet.
  • the E-shaped levitation electromagnet includes an E-shaped iron core and a levitation coil.
  • the cross-section of the E-shaped iron core is an "E" shape, and the two sides are side core plates. It is a core board.
  • the bottom core board connects the side core board and the center core board into an E-shaped section at the bottom.
  • the E-shaped section extends along a straight line or a curve to form an E-shaped iron core.
  • a floating coil is arranged in the groove enclosed between the plates.
  • the levitation electromagnet is an E-shaped levitation electromagnet.
  • the E-shaped levitation electromagnet includes an E-shaped iron core and a levitation coil.
  • the cross-section of the E-shaped iron core is an "E" shape, and the two sides are side core plates. It is a core board, and the bottom core board connects the side core board and the center core board into an E-shaped section at the bottom.
  • the E-shaped section extends along a straight line or a curve to form an E-shaped iron core.
  • a floating coil is arranged in the groove enclosed between the side core board, the central core board and the bottom core board, and the coils at both ends of the floating coil are bent downward and embedded in the wire-containing slot.
  • the armature plate arranged horizontally on the track and the T-shaped steel located on it form an I-shaped steel rail, the bottom plate of the I-shaped steel rail and the E-shaped suspension electromagnet constitute an electromagnetic suspension system, and the suspension is controlled by the control system.
  • the armature plate and the I-shaped steel horizontally arranged on the track constitute an L-shaped steel rail
  • the bottom plate of the L-shaped steel rail and the E-shaped levitation electromagnet constitute an electromagnetic levitation system, and the levitation is controlled by the control system.
  • linear motor stator is the primary of a linear motor composed of a plurality of S-shaped curved serpentine stator coils and a stator iron core.
  • linear motor stator is the primary of a linear motor composed of a plurality of rectangular stator coils and stator cores.
  • the traction guide electromagnets are arranged on both sides of the track as the primary of the linear motor, and the linear motor stator composed of the stator coil and the stator iron core is arranged on the supporting arms on both sides of the maglev train as the linear motor. Secondary.
  • the traction guide electromagnets are arranged on both sides of the magnetic levitation train as the primary of the linear motor, and the conductive core or the iron-cored coil composed of the electromagnetic coil and the conductive core is arranged on both sides of the track as a straight line The secondary of the motor.
  • the floating coil is formed by bending the two ends of a rectangular single-strand or multiple-strand coils downwards, that is, two parallel straight sections are formed in the middle, and the two ends of the straight section have downward curved arc sections and the two ends of the straight line are bent downward.
  • the U-shaped segments are connected to form a complete suspension coil, and the suspension coil is made by winding at least one continuous wire with at least two end wires extending.
  • the whole or two ends of the central core board are split into removable strips or L-shaped or T-shaped or M-shaped connecting core blocks.
  • the E-shaped armature plate is combined with steel structural parts.
  • the steel structural parts are one of T-beam, I-beam, H-beam, L-beam, C-beam, square steel, flat steel, and channel steel, forming E Suspended rails with shaped bottom.
  • a levitation electromagnet includes a levitation coil and a conductive core.
  • the levitation coil is assembled in the groove of the conductive core for holding the levitation coil.
  • the two ends of the levitation coil are inclined downward and downward relative to the coil body.
  • the ends of the conductor core are installed in the recessed wire grooves provided at both ends of the conductor core to form an escape space for the end of the suspension coil, and the center plate of the conductor core can pass through the end of the suspension coil from the escape space.
  • the suspension loop is mainly composed of waists on both sides and a sinking part connecting the two waists.
  • the sinking part is inclined downward relative to the waist horizontally.
  • the sinking part includes a connecting section and a sinking section that are inclinedly connected to the waist.
  • the conductive core includes a bottom core board, a side core board and a center core board. The side core boards on both sides are located on the lateral sides of the bottom core board, and the bottom core board connects the side core boards on both sides.
  • the center core board is laid on On the surface of the bottom core board, the center core board is narrower than the bottom core board in the transverse direction, so that two side grooves are formed between the center core board and the side core boards, which are used as the grooves for the two waists of the suspension coils, and the longitudinal ends of the bottom core board
  • the part is slotted in a straight step shape or an inclined step shape to form a wire-containing slot for accommodating the sinking part of the suspension coil.
  • the angle at which the sinking portion is inclined downward relative to the waist in a horizontal direction is 15 degrees to 90 degrees.
  • the angle at which the sinking portion is inclined downward relative to the waist in horizontal is 90 degrees.
  • the core board is shorter in the longitudinal direction than the length of the bottom core board belonging to the upper step, the suspension coil is assembled in the groove for holding the suspension coil, and the end core block is assembled on the bottom core board belonging to the upper step.
  • the core block passes through the avoidance space of the floating coil above the cable groove.
  • the floating coil is formed by bending a single or multiple strands of rectangular or rounded rectangular coils at both ends downwards, and the floating coil is made by winding at least one continuous wire with at least two end wires extending Out.
  • the core plate of the conductive core passes through the avoidance space above the sinking section of the sinking portion of the suspension coil, and the sinking section is in vertical contact with the core plate or there is a vertical gap between the sinking section and the core plate.
  • a levitation electromagnet includes a levitation coil and a conductive core.
  • the levitation coil is assembled in the groove of the conductive core for accommodating the levitation coil, the conductive core is smoothly inclined downward at the end, and the center plate of the conductive core As the end of the conductor core is inclined, the groove on the conductor core for assembling the end of the suspension coil forms an inclined groove with the inclination of the end of the conductor core.
  • a suspension electromagnet system is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of the suspension electromagnets.
  • the adjacent suspension electromagnets connect the center core plate and the side core board of the two suspension electromagnets through a connecting plate.
  • a levitation electromagnet system is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of said levitation electromagnets, and adjacent levitation electromagnets are hingedly connected to the central core plates of two levitation electromagnets by connecting core blocks.
  • the linear motor stator is composed of a stator coil and a stator iron core.
  • the magnetic pole direction of the stator iron core is arranged horizontally.
  • the stator iron core is provided with a vertical groove to install the stator coil and the stator iron core.
  • the working surface of the magnetic pole is set upright, and the armature plates are set horizontally on both sides of the track.
  • stator coil is a plurality of S-shaped curved serpentine coils or rounded square wave rectangular coils or rectangular coils.
  • the linear motor stator is composed of a plurality of rectangular stator coils and stator iron cores, which are laid in parallel along both sides of the track, and the rectangular stator coils are arranged outside the rectangular stator iron core.
  • An electromagnetic levitation system for an electromagnetic levitation track An armature plate is horizontally arranged on the track.
  • the armature plate and the steel structure constitute a steel rail.
  • the bottom plate of the steel rail and any one of the above-mentioned levitation electromagnets constitute an electromagnetic levitation system, and the levitation is controlled by the control system .
  • the steel structure is at least one of T-beam, I-beam, H-beam, L-beam, C-beam, square steel, flat steel, and channel steel.
  • the invention has a simplified structure and high reliability.
  • the electromagnetic levitation train in Germany is an electromagnet (the electromagnet matched with the linear motor stator 13 and the traction guide electromagnet 22) at the bottom as both a levitation electromagnet and a traction electromagnet.
  • the structure also considers tracking the traveling wave magnetic field.
  • the pole-changing structure of the peak of the magnetic pole, the suspension electromagnet has a large volume and a complex structure, and the reliability of the control system is extremely high. Otherwise, if there is a slight flick under the alternating magnetic field, it will lose track and become unstable and cause a risk of derailment.
  • the electromagnet at the bottom of the train of the present invention is only a suspension electromagnet, and the structure is simple.
  • the electromagnets on both sides of the train can be used as the guide electromagnet or the mover pole of the traction motor, which is equivalent to reducing the traction electromagnet or the traction electromagnet on the train.
  • the number of at least one set of key structural components in the traction electromagnet is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the weight is reduced.
  • the use of rectangular coils can reduce the control current and reduce the withstand voltage level of the withstand voltage components.
  • the electromagnet can also alternately form eddy currents with NSNS...NSNS magnetic poles, and use eddy current braking to brake.
  • the electromagnets on both sides of the train and the traction coils on both sides of the track constitute the magnetic levitation linear motor.
  • the working principle of the brushless DC motor which is the easiest to control at present, can be used, and the high-speed traction control of the train can be easily realized.
  • the linear motor stator only bears the traction force Without having to bear the weight of the train, a variety of traction control technologies other than the current synchronous linear motor control system can be used.
  • the wire diameter of the stator coil is correspondingly reduced. It is easier to control and manufacture than the three-phase AC variable frequency synchronous linear motor in Germany. The control can be controlled at will, even if there is a traction control failure, there will be no danger of falling, and the reliability is higher.
  • the suspension stability of the present invention is good.
  • the linear motor of the German EMS system has an uneven iron core structure at the bottom of the plane, which will change the levitation area at any time, and the magnetic field will continue to change.
  • the traction control of the linear motor is mixed together, and the levitation control is very difficult.
  • the reliability requirements for the suspension control system are very high, resulting in a structure that is not easy to maintain stability even on a straight road, not to mention more complicated under curves.
  • the bottom of the suspension armature plate of the present invention is flat, the suspension area on straight roads and curved roads will not change, the suspension is more stable, and the suspension force is easily controlled stably, so the ride comfort will be better.
  • the suspension capacity of the present invention is large.
  • the area of the suspension armature at the bottom of the suspension track of the same width is at least doubled compared to the suspension area of the F-shaped rail row, and the top area of the E-shaped cross-section suspension electromagnet at the bottom of the suspension armature is also doubled.
  • the suspension capacity per unit length of the track is About twice as much as the F-shaped rail row, the levitation capacity of the German EMS electromagnetic levitation rail is slightly higher but almost equal to that of the F rail row. Therefore, the orbital levitation capacity of the E-shaped cross-section levitation electromagnet is basically the same as that of the German EMS electromagnetic levitation rail.
  • the suspension capacity is about twice that of the previous electromagnetic levitation train, which overcomes the weakness of the low suspension capacity of the electromagnetic levitation train.
  • the electromagnetic resistance of the present invention is low.
  • the magnetic field strength of the E-shaped cross-section levitation electromagnet is not much different from that of the middle section, so it is significantly different from the current loop-shaped electromagnet at both ends of which will produce obvious eddy current resistance.
  • multiple E-shaped cross-section levitation The magnetic field of the electromagnet is almost the same in the longitudinal direction, which can reduce the electromagnetic resistance during driving.
  • the electromagnetic radiation of the present invention is low.
  • the suspension coil of the E-shaped cross-section suspension electromagnet is surrounded by an iron core, and the leakage magnetic field is extremely low, and the electromagnetic radiation is extremely low.
  • the invention is energy-saving and electricity-saving, and has low suspension energy consumption. Almost all the internal and external magnetic fields of the levitation coil using the E-shaped cross-section levitation electromagnet can be used. Compared with the current medium and low speed and EMS high-speed electromagnetic levitation trains, the levitation energy consumption is significantly reduced, and the levitation energy consumption is reduced, thus more energy-saving.
  • the E-shaped cross-section levitation electromagnet is used at the bottom of the train to maximize the effectiveness of the electromagnet, and the energy consumption of the load levitation is lower, and almost half of the levitation power is saved.
  • the invention is economical.
  • the train has only the E-shaped cross-section suspension electromagnets on both sides of the bottom and the electromagnets on both sides of the train to complete the three functions of levitation, guidance and traction. There are few key structural parts and the cost of the train is reduced.
  • the bottom electromagnet not only serves as a levitation electromagnet, but also has to bear the traction electromagnet.
  • the levitation electromagnet has a large volume and a complex structure.
  • the levitation electromagnet at the bottom of the train of the present invention only needs to assume the levitation function, and the levitation magnet is small in size and light in weight.
  • the electromagnets installed on both sides of the train are used as traction guide electromagnets, which do not need to bear the weight of the whole vehicle, and the volume can be greatly reduced. Moreover, the control system of the linear brushless motor is simpler and the cost of the control system is reduced. Therefore, the overall cost will be significantly reduced.
  • the invention is suitable for high and low speed flight.
  • the train and the track keep the magnetic levitation non-contact operation under the static and high speed.
  • the linear motor adopts the brushless DC motor control, which can not only efficiently traction operation at low speed, but also efficiently traction operation at high speed.
  • the maglev train can achieve a speed of 1000 per hour. High-speed flight above the ground for more than kilometers.
  • the maintenance cost of the invention is low.
  • the track has no contact, which eliminates mechanical friction and noise, and the track has almost no wear, which reduces the maintenance cost of the track.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an electromagnetic levitation train and track drawn by an I-steel rail serpentine coil of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the electromagnetic levitation train and track drawn by the rectangular coil of the I-beam beam of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the electromagnetic levitation train and the track of the L-shaped rail of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a plurality of E-shaped cross-sectional suspension electromagnet groups of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of an E-shaped cross-section levitation electromagnet.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a floating coil.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the E-shaped iron core of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the elongated end core block of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the L-shaped end core block of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the T-shaped connecting core block of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an E-shaped cross-section floating electromagnet.
  • Fig. 15 is a side view of the V-shaped levitation coil of the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the V-shaped levitation coil of the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a plurality of V-shaped floating electromagnet groups of the present invention.
  • V-shaped levitation electromagnet of the present invention is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the V-shaped levitation electromagnet of the present invention.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the V-shaped main core plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the V-shaped side core plate of the present invention.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the V-shaped end core block of the present invention.
  • Fig. 22 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the M-shaped connecting core block of the present invention.
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a split V-shaped levitation electromagnet with pole shoes.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an E-shaped bottom I-beam and a suspended electromagnet.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the E-shaped bottom I-shaped steel rail and the suspension electromagnet.
  • Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the E-shaped bottom L-shaped steel rail and the suspension electromagnet.
  • Fig. 27 is a perspective view of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ordinary linear levitation electromagnet.
  • Fig. 29 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a linear levitation electromagnet with a slope at its end.
  • Fig. 30 is a partial perspective view of a stator unit of a serpentine linear motor.
  • Fig. 31 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a serpentine coil.
  • Fig. 32 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an E-shaped iron core with an integrated core plate at the end.
  • FIG. 1 it is an electromagnetic levitation train track system of the present invention.
  • Embedded parts are set on both sides of the top of the roadbed 1.
  • the embedded parts are fixed with fasteners 3 on both sides of the track bracket 4, the track bracket 4
  • the extended end is fixedly connected to the I-shaped steel rail 5, the bottom of the I-shaped steel rail 5 is an armature plate 6, the top of the I-shaped steel rail 5 is a sliding plate 7, and the middle is a vertical lumbar plate 8.
  • a levitation electromagnet 9 is arranged at a certain distance below the armature plate 6.
  • the levitation electromagnet 9 is composed of a levitation coil 10 and a levitation iron core 11.
  • the levitation electromagnet 9 can be an electromagnet that can achieve the levitation purpose of the present invention in the prior art.
  • the levitation coil 10 includes a rectangular coil and a serpentine coil.
  • the cross section of the floating iron core 11 is U-shaped or E-shaped, and the present invention is preferably an E-shaped cross-section electromagnet (for the specific structure, please refer to the relevant description in Embodiment 2).
  • a gap sensor 12 is provided on the levitation electromagnet 9.
  • the levitation electromagnet 9 is at a certain distance below the armature plate 6.
  • the levitation electromagnet 9 is controlled by the control system according to the gap signal from the gap sensor to control the current of the levitation coil 10 to make the levitation electromagnet 9 and the armature plate 6 are usually kept at a levitation gap of about 10 mm between each other to maintain the stable levitation of the train in the vertical direction.
  • a linear motor stator 13 is arranged on the outer side of the waist plate 8 of the I-shaped steel rail 5.
  • the waist plate 8 and the linear motor stator 13 are fixed by a stator connecting plate 14.
  • the linear motor stator 13 is composed of a stator core 15 and a stator coil 16 and extends along the track travel direction Lay one row on the left and right.
  • the stator coil 16 is a multi-strand S-shaped or serpentine coil connected end to end. Protective insulation is provided on the outside.
  • the middle section is a plurality of straight sections, which are convenient to be embedded in the groove of the stator core 15. Both ends of each straight section are connected by U-shaped or circular arcs. The shape can also be said to be roughly rectangular square wave shape.
  • Each corner is connected by circular arc transitions.
  • the U-shaped coils on both sides of the straight section can be bent to one side. , In order to avoid other groups of coils and avoid interference between each coil.
  • One of the structures of the stator coil 16 is composed of three-strand coils, and the ends are connected as a node.
  • the section of the stator core 15 has a plurality of stator grooves 25, the stator grooves 25 are arranged at equal intervals, and at least three stator coils 16 are sequentially installed in the stator groove 25.
  • the control method of the linear motor can be controlled by a three-phase AC inverter, and the control method of the linear motor can also be a controller of a DC brushless motor, which is easier to control than the traveling wave magnetic field generated by a three-phase AC inverter.
  • a traction guide electromagnet 22 is arranged on the support arm 19 of the train 20 and the side of the linear motor stator 13 at a certain distance.
  • the traction guide electromagnet 22 is composed of a mover coil 18 and a mover core 21, and the mover coil of the traction guide electromagnet 22 18 is a rectangular coil, inside is a mover core 21 with a rectangular cross-section.
  • the traction guide electromagnet 22 becomes an electromagnet after being energized, which will attract the stator core 15 of the linear motor stator 13, and the left and right sides of the traction guide electromagnet 22 are driven by the train
  • the control system on 20 controls the difference between the currents of the mover coils 18 on the left and right, and controls the difference in suction between the traction guide electromagnets 22 on the left and right sides of the train 20 and the stator cores 15 on the left and right sides of the track, thereby controlling the train 20
  • the magnetic gaps on the left and right sides are maintained at an equal balance position to maintain the stable suspension of the train in the horizontal direction.
  • the traction guide electromagnets 22 on both sides of the train 20 form NSNS...NSNS magnetic poles alternately arranged after being energized, which is equivalent to the NSNS...NSNS magnets between the magnetic poles, forming the secondary of the linear motor, and the linear motor stators on both sides of the track 13 is the primary of the linear motor.
  • the linear motor stator 13 on the track and the traction guide electromagnet 22 on the train constitute the linear motor.
  • the traction force of the linear motor is controlled by the control system.
  • the control system preferably adopts the control method of the DC brushless motor to control the linear motor stator.
  • the magnitude and direction of the current of the stator coil 16 of 13 and the energization sequence and direction of the coils control the magnitude and direction of the traction force, and the traction train 20 travels in suspension.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 it is an electromagnetic levitation train track system of the present invention.
  • Embedded parts are installed on both sides of the top of the subgrade 1.
  • Rail brackets 4 are fixed with fasteners 3 on both sides of the embedded parts.
  • the extended ends of the rail brackets 4 are fixedly connected to the I-shaped rail 5, and the bottom of the I-shaped rail 5 is the armature plate 6.
  • the top of the I-steel rail 5 is a sliding plate 7 and the middle is an upright lumbar plate 8.
  • the rail bracket 4 is supported between the armature plate 6, the sliding plate 7 and the lumbar plate 8, and fixes the I-steel rail 5.
  • a levitation electromagnet 9 is arranged at a certain gap below the armature plate 6.
  • the levitation electromagnet 9 is composed of a levitation coil 10 and a levitation iron core 11, and the cross section of the levitation iron core 11 is E-shaped.
  • a gap sensor 10 is provided on the levitation electromagnet 9.
  • the levitation electromagnet 9 is at a certain distance below the armature plate 6.
  • the levitation electromagnet 9 is controlled by the control system according to the gap signal from the gap sensor 12 to control the current of the levitation coil 10 to make the levitation electromagnetic
  • the iron 9 and the armature plate 6 are kept at a levitation gap of about 10 mm between each other to maintain the stable suspension of the train in the vertical direction.
  • a linear motor stator 13 is arranged on the outer side of the waist plate 8 of the I-shaped steel rail 5.
  • the waist plate 8 and the linear motor stator 13 are fixed by a stator connecting plate 14.
  • the linear motor stator 13 is composed of a stator core 15 and a stator coil 16 and extends along the track travel direction Lay one row on the left and right.
  • the stator coil 16 is a single-strand or multiple-strand rectangular coil, and the inside is a stator core 15 with a rectangular cross-section.
  • the exposed side of the stator core 15 can also be separated into a stator pole piece 17.
  • a traction guide electromagnet 22 is arranged on the support arm 19 of the train 20 and the side of the linear motor stator 13 at a certain distance.
  • the traction guide electromagnet 22 is composed of a mover coil 18 and a mover core 21, and the mover coil of the traction guide electromagnet 22 18 is a rectangular coil, inside is a mover core 21 with a rectangular cross-section.
  • the traction guide electromagnet 22 becomes an electromagnet after being energized, which will attract the stator core 15 of the linear motor stator 13, and the left and right sides of the traction guide electromagnet 22 are driven by the train
  • the control system on 20 controls the difference between the currents of the mover coils 18 on the left and right, and controls the difference in suction between the traction guide electromagnets 22 on the left and right sides of the train 20 and the stator cores 15 on the left and right sides of the track, thereby controlling the train 20
  • the magnetic gaps on the left and right sides are maintained at an equal balance position to maintain the stable suspension of the train in the horizontal direction.
  • the traction guide electromagnets 22 on both sides of the train 20 form NSNS...NSNS magnetic poles alternately arranged after being energized, which is equivalent to the NSNS...NSNS magnets between the magnetic poles, forming the secondary of the linear motor, and the linear motor stators on both sides of the track 13 is the primary of the linear motor.
  • the linear motor stator 13 on the track and the traction guide electromagnet 22 on the train constitute the linear motor. Hall sensors are also set on the train 20 and the track to detect the direction of the magnetic field.
  • the control system controls the traction of the linear motor and controls
  • the system preferably adopts a DC brushless motor control method to control the magnitude and direction of the energization sequence and direction of the stator coil 16 of the linear motor stator 13 to control the magnitude and direction of the traction force, and the traction train 20 travels in suspension.
  • the traction guide electromagnets 22 on the left and right sides of the train form the same magnetic poles after being energized, such as NNNN...NNNN or SSSS...SSSS arrangement, and the control system on the train 20 controls the left and right mover coils 18
  • the magnitude of the current difference controls the suction difference of the left and right stator cores 15 to control the gap between the left and right sides of the train 20 to be at a nearly equal equilibrium position, and to keep the train stably suspended and sliding in the horizontal direction.
  • the mover coil 18 of the traction guide electromagnet 22 is also wound with a generator coil 23, which generates electromagnetic induction with the linear motor stator 13 on the track, and the generator coil 23 induces current to generate electricity, which is stored in the energy storage on the train.
  • Energy devices include rechargeable batteries and magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage devices.
  • the traction guide electromagnet 22 on the train is controlled by the control system to control the linear motor stator 13 to generate reverse braking force to the traction guide electromagnet 22 while regeneratively generating electricity, storing the kinetic energy of the train in the energy storage device on the train or track side .
  • the skid 24 at the bottom of the train 20 descends to support the train 20 to stop.
  • the maglev flywheel energy storage device transmits the stored electric energy to the linear motor stator 13.
  • the track-side control system controls the stator coil current and the energization sequence and direction, controls the direction and magnitude of the traction force, and pulls the train to volley.
  • a protective cover 25 can also be provided on the outer side of the track.
  • the protective cover 25 is made of a non-magnetic, weather-resistant material, and the protective cover 25 protects the linear motor stator 13 from sand and dust.
  • the traction guide electromagnet 22 on the train 20 is the linear motor stator 13, and the traction guide electromagnet 22 is composed of the mover coil 18 and the mover core 21 on both sides of the original train, which is used as the traction guide electromagnet
  • the iron 22 is used as the primary of the linear motor.
  • the linear motor stator 13 on the original track serves as the secondary of the linear motor.
  • the train 20 supplies power to the traction guide electromagnet 22 through the current receiving guide rail, and the control system on the train 20 controls the traction guide electromagnet 22 to guide horizontally and simultaneously draw the train levitation.
  • the linear stator 13 on the track may also not be provided with a coil but only a salient pole core.
  • the linear motor becomes a linear reluctance motor and works according to the reluctance motor control mode.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 it is an electromagnetic levitation train track system of the present invention.
  • Embedded parts are set on both sides of the top of the subgrade 1, sleepers 26 are fixed on the embedded parts with fasteners 3, and the extending ends of the sleepers 26 are fixedly connected to the L-shaped rail 27.
  • the bottom of the L-shaped rail 27 is the armature plate 6, and the L-shaped rail
  • the top of 27 is a rail head 26, and the middle is a vertical lumbar plate 8.
  • the extension end of the sleeper 26 is supported between the armature plate 6, the rail head 26 and the lumbar plate 8, and the L-shaped steel rail 27 is fixed.
  • a levitation electromagnet 9 is arranged at a certain gap under the armature plate 6.
  • the levitation electromagnet 9 is composed of a levitation coil 10 and a levitation iron core 11.
  • the levitation iron core 11 has an E-shaped cross section, a center plate 33 in the middle, and side cores. ⁇ 32.
  • a gap sensor 10 is provided on the levitation electromagnet 9.
  • the levitation electromagnet 9 is at a certain distance below the armature plate 6.
  • the levitation electromagnet 9 is controlled by the control system according to the gap signal from the gap sensor 12 to control the current of the levitation coil 10 to make the levitation electromagnetic
  • the iron 9 and the armature plate 6 are usually kept at a levitation gap of about 10 mm between each other to maintain the stable suspension of the train in the vertical direction. Wheels 28 are provided at the bottom of the train 20.
  • the wheels 28 are supported on the bottom of the train by axles and bearings. When traveling in suspension, the wheels 28 are suspended above the L-shaped rail 27. When the train 20 decelerates to a certain low level, the wheels 28 are in contact with and supported on the L-shaped rail. The guide surface of the rail head 29 of 27 slides until the train stops.
  • the linear motor stator 13 is arranged outside the waist plate 8 of the I-shaped steel rail 5.
  • the waist plate 8 and the linear motor stator 13 are fixed by the stator connecting plate 14, or can be directly fixed by the fastener 3.
  • the linear motor stator 13 is formed by the stator core 15 and
  • the stator coils 16 are configured to extend in the direction of track travel and are laid in one row on the left and right.
  • the stator coil 16 is a multi-strand rectangular coil, and the inside is a stator core 15 with a rectangular cross section. The edges and corners of the rectangular core can be blunt or rounded.
  • the exposed side of the stator core 15 can also separate the stator pole shoes 17.
  • a traction guide electromagnet 22 is arranged on the support arm 19 of the train 20 and the side of the linear motor stator 13 at a certain distance.
  • the traction guide electromagnet 22 is composed of a mover coil 18 and a mover core 21, and the mover coil of the traction guide electromagnet 22 18 is a rectangular coil, inside is a mover core 21 with a rectangular cross-section.
  • the traction guide electromagnet 22 becomes an electromagnet after being energized, which will attract the stator core 15 of the linear motor stator 13, and the left and right sides of the traction guide electromagnet 22 are driven by the train
  • the control system on 20 controls the difference between the currents of the mover coils 18 on the left and right, and controls the difference in suction between the traction guide electromagnets 22 on the left and right sides of the train 20 and the stator cores 15 on the left and right sides of the track, thereby controlling the train 20
  • the magnetic gaps on the left and right sides are maintained at an equal balance position to maintain the stable suspension of the train in the horizontal direction.
  • the traction guide electromagnets 22 on both sides of the train 20 form NSNS...NSNS magnetic poles alternately arranged after being energized, which is equivalent to the NSNS...NSNS magnets between the magnetic poles, forming the secondary of the linear motor, and the linear motor stators on both sides of the track 13 is the primary of the linear motor.
  • the linear motor stator 13 on the track and the traction guide electromagnet 22 on the train constitute the linear motor.
  • the control system controls the traction of the linear motor.
  • the control system uses the DC brushless motor control method to control the linear motor stator 13
  • the magnitude and direction of the current of the stator coil 16 and the energization sequence and direction of the coil are controlled to control the magnitude and direction of the traction force, and the traction train 20 travels in suspension.
  • the U-shaped electromagnet is a currently usable levitation electromagnet, which can be used as the magnetic levitation electromagnet of the above solution of the present invention.
  • the levitation coil of the U-shaped electromagnet maintains a closed coil
  • the levitation coil The end and the core plate are basically in the same horizontal plane.
  • the core plate of the U-shaped electromagnet is equivalent to being cut off by the end of the suspension coil.
  • the two U-shaped electromagnets are spliced, they are spliced. It is the coil contact of two U-shaped electromagnets or the contact of the external iron core to separate the coils.
  • this embodiment provides a solution (the E-shaped electromagnet solution described in Example 1).
  • the structure of the usual E-shaped electromagnet is: as shown in the left end of Figure 28, that is, The levitation electromagnet 9 described is an E-shaped levitation electromagnet 30.
  • the E-shaped levitation electromagnet 30 includes an E-shaped iron core 31 and a levitation coil 36.
  • the cross-section of the E-shaped iron core 31 is "E"-shaped, with side core plates on both sides. 32. In the middle is the central core plate 33.
  • the bottom core plate 34 connects the side core plates 32 and the central core plate 33 into an E-shaped section.
  • the E-shaped section extends along a straight line or a curve to form an E-shaped iron core. 32.
  • a floating coil 36 is arranged in the groove enclosed between the central core plate 33 and the bottom core plate 35.
  • this structure still has the above-mentioned defect of relatively large magnetic resistance.
  • this embodiment provides an improved E-shaped electromagnet structure.
  • the end of the electromagnet as shown on the left side of FIG. 29 is obtained by using inclined special-shaped cross-sections. The end of the electromagnet is used to weaken the magnetic field.
  • the slope caused by the tilt causes the gap between the electromagnet and the armature plate to gradually increase, and the magnetic field gradually weakens to reduce the magnetic resistance.
  • the floating electromagnet includes a floating coil and a conductive core. The coil is assembled in the groove of the conductor core for holding the floating coil. The conductor core is smoothly inclined downward at the end. The core plate 33 of the conductor core is inclined with the end of the conductor core. The conductor core is used for The groove at the end of the levitation coil forms an inclined groove with the inclination of the end of the conductor core.
  • this kind of electromagnet still belongs to the scheme in which the core plate is cut off by the end of the suspension coil, which can reduce the magnetic resistance to a certain extent, but cannot achieve the purpose of the whole continuous uniform magnetic field in the middle and both ends of the electromagnet.
  • this embodiment provides another solution, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, which is the E-shaped cross-section floating electromagnet of the present invention.
  • the levitation electromagnet 30 is composed of an E-shaped iron core 31 and a levitation coil 36.
  • the E-shaped iron core 31 has an E-shaped cross-section, with side core plates 32 on both sides, and a central core plate 33 in the middle.
  • the bottom core plate 34 connects the side core plates 32 and the central core plate 33 to form an E-shaped cross-section. Extend along a straight line or a curve to form an E-shaped iron core.
  • the material of the E-shaped electromagnet iron core is a material with good magnetic permeability.
  • the two ends of the core plate 33 are provided with recessed wire grooves 42.
  • a floating coil 36 is arranged in the groove enclosed between the core plate 33 and the bottom core plate 34. The coils at both ends of the floating coil 36 are bent downward and embedded in the cable groove 42.
  • the end of the core plate is opposite to the concave cable groove. 42 protrudes and is flush with the end face, see Figure 10. As shown in Fig.
  • a detachable end core block 39 can be provided at one or both ends of the E-shaped iron core 31, and a connecting core block 38 is installed at the joint of each suspension electromagnet 30,
  • the end core block 39 and the connecting core block 38 are connected to the core plate 33 by the fastener 3
  • the core plate 33 of each suspension electromagnet 30 is connected to form a continuous core plate 33
  • the side core plates 32 on both sides are also They are respectively connected to form two almost continuous side core plates 32.
  • the magnetic poles of the central core plate 33 and the side core plates 32 on both sides are opposite, that is, when the central part is N-pole, the magnetic poles of the side core plates 32 on both sides are S-pole or S-pole in the middle. In the case of poles, the magnetic poles of the side core plates 32 on both sides are N poles.
  • the magnetic field intensity at the end core block 39 at both ends will be equal to or very close to the magnetic field intensity of the central core plate 33 at the middle.
  • the connecting core block 38 at the junction The magnetic field intensity at the position will also be equal to or very close to the magnetic field intensity of the central core plate 33 in the middle, and a whole continuous uniform magnetic field is formed at the middle and both ends, so that when the floating electromagnet 30 is floating and sliding on the bottom of the armature plate 6, Each magnetic pole hardly changes, so the relative sliding magnetic resistance will be very low.
  • each floating electromagnet 30 is hingedly connected by the connecting core block 38.
  • the adjacent floating electromagnets 30 can rotate at a small angle.
  • the single floating electromagnet 30 is linear, the whole floating electromagnet 30 is rotated at the joint.
  • the shape can be formed into an arc shape to adapt to the arc radius of the curved track.
  • this embodiment essentially proposes another type of levitation electromagnet, which includes a levitation coil and a conductive core.
  • the levitation coil is assembled in the groove of the conductive core for accommodating the levitation coil.
  • the two ends are inclined downward with respect to the coil body, and the downwardly inclined ends are installed in the recessed wire grooves provided at both ends of the conductor core to form an escape space 2 for the ends of the suspension coil.
  • the center core of the conductor core The plate 33 can pass through the end of the floating coil from the avoidance space 2.
  • the above solution forms a structure in which the end of the center core board is located above the end of the suspension coil, the center core board can pass through the end of the suspension coil, and at the same time, the center core board is still surrounded by the suspension coil, and the center core board is no longer surrounded by the suspension coil.
  • the end of the levitation electromagnet is cut off, so that the core plates of the two levitation electromagnets can be connected, and due to the generation of the avoidance space, the end of the center core plate is located above and passes through the end of the levitation coil, and the center core plate located at the end of the levitation electromagnet can In the magnetic field at the end of the downwardly inclined suspension coil, the magnetic field strength of the center core plate at the end is basically the same as that of the center core plate at the center of the conductor core, and the middle and both ends form a whole continuous uniform Magnetic field, so that when the levitation electromagnet is floating and sliding at the bottom of the armature plate, each magnetic pole hardly changes, so the relative sliding magnetic resistance will be very low.
  • the floating coil is mainly composed of waists on both sides and a sinking part connecting the two waists.
  • the sinking part is inclined downward relative to the waist horizontally.
  • the sinking part includes a connecting section that is inclinedly connected to the waist and a sinking part.
  • Section; the conductive core includes a bottom core plate 34, a side core plate 32 and a center core plate 33.
  • the side core plates 32 on both sides are located on the lateral sides of the bottom core plate 34 and the bottom core plate 34 will be the side core plates on both sides 32 connection
  • the center core board 33 is laid on the upper surface of the bottom core board 34, the center core board 33 is narrower than the bottom core board 34 in the transverse direction, so that the center core board 33 and the side core boards 32 form two grooves on both sides to accommodate the suspension coil
  • the two waist grooves of the bottom core plate 34 are grooved in a straight step shape or an inclined step shape at both longitudinal ends of the bottom core plate 34 to form a wire-containing groove for accommodating the sinking part of the suspension coil.
  • the bottom core board is divided into two upper and lower layers, which are in a ladder shape, and the bottom core board is divided into a bottom core board belonging to the upper step and a bottom core board belonging to the lower step.
  • the angle at which the sinking portion is inclined downward relative to the waist in a horizontal direction is 15 degrees to 90 degrees, and the preferred solutions are 45 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees. In a more preferred solution, the angle at which the sinking portion is inclined downward relative to the waist in horizontal is 90 degrees.
  • the magnetic field formed by the completely vertical sinking part is closest to the magnetic field of the core plate.
  • the middle One end (as shown in FIG. 32) or both ends (as shown in FIG. 10) of the core plate 33 in the longitudinal direction is shorter than the length of the upper step bottom core plate 34, and the suspension coil is assembled in the groove for holding the suspension coil.
  • the end core block 39 is assembled on the bottom core plate 34 belonging to the upper step, and the end core block 39 passes through the escape space 2 of the floating coil above the cable groove.
  • the end core block is the cut part of the core board or it is a shorter core board.
  • the floating coil 36 is formed by bending a rectangular single-strand or multiple-strand coils at both ends downwards, and the floating coil 36 is made by winding at least one continuous wire, and there are at least two The end line 37 extends.
  • the core plate 33 of the magnetic conductor core passes from the avoiding space 2 above the sinking section of the sinking portion of the suspension coil, and the sinking section and the core plate 33 are in vertical contact or the sinking section is in contact with the center plate 33.
  • the core plate 33 has a gap in the vertical direction.
  • this embodiment also proposes a levitation electromagnet system, which is formed by sequentially connecting several levitation electromagnets of any of the above-mentioned solutions, and adjacent levitation electromagnets are connected by respective central core plates.
  • the suspension coil is assembled in the groove for holding the suspension coil, and then the end core block is assembled on the bottom core plate belonging to the upper step. The end core block passes through the avoidance space of the suspension coil above the cable groove.
  • the suspension electromagnetic system of this embodiment is formed by connecting the suspension electromagnets in sequence, and the adjacent suspension electromagnets are installed by connecting cores at the joints.
  • the block 38, the end core block 39 and the connecting core block 38 are connected to the core plate 33 by the fastener 3, and each core plate and the side core plates on both sides are connected into a continuous form to form a longer suspension electromagnet.
  • this embodiment proposes an electromagnetic levitation system for an electromagnetic suspension track.
  • An armature plate is horizontally arranged on the track, and the armature plate and the steel structure constitute a steel rail.
  • the levitation electromagnet constitutes an electromagnetic levitation system, and the levitation is controlled by the control system.
  • the steel structure is one of T-shaped steel, I-beam, H-shaped steel, L-shaped steel, C-shaped steel, square steel, flat steel, and channel steel. As shown in FIG.
  • the floating coil 36 is formed by bending the two ends of a rectangular single-strand or multiple-strand conductive coil downwards, or in other words, there are two parallel straight sections 44 in the middle, and the two ends of the straight section are U-shaped sections. 45.
  • the curved arc section 43 connects the U-shaped section at both ends and the straight line section 44 in the middle to form a complete suspension coil 36.
  • the suspension coil 36 is wound into a multi-strand coil by a continuous wire, with two end wires 37 extending , Connect with the controller.
  • the cross section of the E-shaped iron core 31 is E-shaped, with side core plates 32 on both sides, and a central core plate 33 in the middle.
  • the bottom core plate 34 connects the side core plates 32 and the central core plate 33 to form E-shaped cross-section, the cross-section extends along a straight line or a curve to form an E-shaped iron core.
  • the material of the E-shaped electromagnet iron core is a material with good magnetic permeability.
  • the two ends of the core plate 33 are provided with recessed wire grooves 42.
  • the U-shaped section 45 accommodating the two ends of the floating coil 36, in order to facilitate the installation of the two ends of the floating coil 36, the two ends of the center core plate 33 are cut out, and the end core blocks 39 that can be disassembled and assembled separately are provided.
  • the end core blocks 39 are installed on both ends of the E-shaped iron core 31 by the fasteners 3, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 14.
  • the end core block 39 is rectangular, and one side is provided with a connecting threaded hole, and the material is a material with good magnetic permeability.
  • the end core block 39 is L-shaped, one side is provided with a connecting threaded hole, and one end is a convex pressing block 40.
  • two E-shaped iron cores 31 can be fitted with a connecting core block 38 at the junction.
  • the connecting core block 38 is rectangular or T-shaped, and one side is provided with a connecting threaded hole.
  • the fastener 3 is installed on the E-shaped iron. At both ends of the core 31, two E-shaped iron cores 31 are connected together.
  • the two parallel straight sections in the middle of the horizontal floating coil 36 are bent downward to maintain a certain angle A with the horizontal line.
  • the angle A is between 30 degrees and 90 degrees.
  • the angle is 90 degrees at right angles, it is the situation shown in FIG. 9. Taking the angle of 45 degrees as shown in the figure as an example, an E-shaped cross-section floating electromagnet is disclosed.
  • the levitation coil 36 is V-shaped from left to right.
  • the V-shaped levitation coil 36 is formed by bending the two ends of a rectangular single-strand or multiple-strand conductive coil downwards.
  • the two parallel straight sections 44 in the middle are formed by
  • the curved arc section 43 connects the U-shaped section at both ends and the straight line section 44 in the middle to form a complete suspension coil 36.
  • the suspension coil 36 is wound into a multi-strand coil by a continuous wire, with two end wires 37 extending, and The controller is connected.
  • the levitation electromagnet 30 is composed of an E-shaped iron core 31 and a V-shaped levitation coil 36.
  • the E-shaped iron core 31 has an E-shaped cross-section, with side core plates 32 on both sides, and a central core plate 33 in the middle.
  • the bottom core plate 34 connects the side core plates 32 and the central core plate 33 to form an E-shaped cross-section. Extend along a straight line or a curve to form an E-shaped iron core.
  • the material of the E-shaped electromagnet iron core is a material with good magnetic permeability.
  • the two ends of the core plate 33 are provided with recessed wire grooves 42.
  • a V-shaped levitation coil 36 is arranged in the groove enclosed between the core plate 33 and the bottom core plate 34, and both ends of the V-shaped levitation coil 36 are bent downward and embedded in the cable groove 42.
  • a removable end core block 39 is provided, and a connecting core block 38 is installed at the joint of each suspension electromagnet 30.
  • the end core block 39 and the connecting core block 38 are connected by the fastener 3
  • the core plate 33 of each suspension electromagnet 30 is connected to form a continuous core plate 33, and the side core plates 32 on both sides are also connected to form two continuous side core plates 32 respectively.
  • the magnetic poles of the central core plate 33 and the side core plates 32 on both sides are opposite, that is, when the central part is N pole, the magnetic poles of the side core plates 32 on both sides are S pole, or the middle part In the case of the S pole, the magnetic poles of the side core plates 32 on both sides are N poles.
  • the E-shaped iron core 31 is cut into three major parts: the side core plate 32 on both sides and the center core plate 33 in the middle.
  • a cooling water channel 46 is grooved, and the three parts are connected into a whole by a fastener 3.
  • the two ends of the center core plate 33 are dug out, and the end core blocks 39 that can be disassembled are separated out.
  • the end core blocks 39 are installed on both ends of the E-shaped iron core 31 by the fasteners 3, as shown in FIG. 23.
  • Rib plates 35 are provided at the bottoms of the center core plate 33 and the side core plates 32 to increase the strength of the suspension electromagnet 30.
  • the end core block 39 is L-shaped or V-shaped, one end is a V-shaped protruding block 40, and the bottom surface matches the top surface of the two ends of the suspension coil 36, and the material is a material with good magnetic permeability.
  • the joint of the two E-shaped iron cores 31 can be installed with a joint core block 38, the joint core block 38 is a long strip with an M-shaped groove in the middle, and a V-shaped protruding block 40 in the middle.
  • Fasteners 3 are installed at both ends of the E-shaped iron core 31 to connect the two E-shaped iron cores 31 together.
  • Figure 18 the joint core block 38 is a long strip with an M-shaped groove in the middle, and a V-shaped protruding block 40 in the middle.
  • Fasteners 3 are installed at both ends of the E-shaped iron core 31 to connect the two E-shaped iron cores 31 together.
  • the side surfaces of the aforementioned side core plate 32 and the center core plate 33 are provided with laterally protruding magnetic shoes 47 to prevent the suspension coil 36 from falling out.
  • a reinforcing plate can also be arranged on the side of the floating electromagnet.
  • the upper part is an E-shaped bottom I-shaped steel rail of the present invention.
  • the cross-section of the rail 5 is generally I-shaped.
  • Below the armature plate at the bottom of the I-shaped rail three downwardly extending feet or protrusions are provided.
  • the ribs, or two grooves, are formed at the bottom as an E-shaped armature plate 48 with an opening facing down, and the upper T-shaped steel is composed of an E-shaped bottom I-beam rail.
  • a levitation electromagnet 30 is arranged at a certain gap below the E-shaped armature plate 48 at the bottom, so that the levitation electromagnet 30 can have a certain horizontal guiding force while keeping it in suspension.
  • the length and width of the 3 feet or ribs can be adjusted according to It needs to be set and should correspond to the position of the side core plate 32 and the center core plate 33 of the E-shaped cross-section floating electromagnet.
  • the E-shaped bottom armature plate 48 can also be combined with the L-shaped rail to form an E-shaped bottom L-shaped rail, which has the same function as the E-shaped bottom I-shaped rail 48. It is suitable for suspension rails of medium and low speed maglev trains.
  • the aforementioned E-shaped armature plate 48 can be combined with steel structural parts.
  • the steel structural parts include T-beam, I-beam, H-beam, L-beam, C-beam, square steel, flat steel, and channel steel, which can be welded or tightened.
  • the parts are connected together and have the same function as the E-shaped bottom I-steel rail 48.
  • the aforementioned levitation electromagnet can be used as a levitation electromagnet, and can also be used as a horizontal guide electromagnet. It can be installed on the left and right sides of the train. It forms a horizontal guide electromagnet with the magnetic conductive plates arranged vertically on both sides of the rail beam. The suspension on the left and right sides of the train.
  • the permanent magnet linear motors listed in the present invention are replaced with other types of linear motors, and then they become maglev tracks and electromagnetic levitation train track systems of other drive forms, which are still included in the protection scope of the present invention.

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Abstract

电磁悬浮列车轨道系统及悬浮电磁铁（9），属于轨道交通领域，是一种经济高效的高速电磁悬浮列车轨道技术解决方案，要点是路基（1）或轨道梁两侧设置轨道（5），轨道上行驶磁悬浮列车（20），磁悬浮列车的两侧托臂（19）上水平设置牵引导向电磁铁（22），牵引导向电磁铁的磁极方向水平设置，轨道上对应牵引导向电磁铁的位置水平设置直线电机定子（13），直线电机定子由定子线圈（16）和定子铁芯（15）构成，定子铁芯的磁极方向水平设置，牵引导向电磁铁的工作面与定子铁芯的工作面平行设置并相距一定磁力间隙构成铁芯直线电机，磁悬浮列车的底部设置悬浮电磁铁，轨道底部位于悬浮电磁铁上方相距一定磁力间隙水平设置衔铁板（6），效果是结构简化、悬浮稳定性好、悬浮能力大、电磁阻力低。

Description

电磁悬浮列车轨道系统及悬浮电磁铁 技术领域
本发明属于轨道交通领域，具体涉及电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，适用于高速飞行的磁悬浮列车轨道系统和真空管道磁飞列车。
背景技术
目前已经投入商业运营的电磁悬浮列车典型的有德国的EMS系统和日本超导电动悬浮列车，日本、中国和韩国的中低速磁浮列车。现有技术存在的主要问题有：EMS磁悬浮列车系统的电磁悬浮系统既做悬浮电磁铁又做直线电机的牵引电机不是很高效，承载能力弱，同时存在重量大，行波磁场的同步直线电机的牵引控制结构复杂。超导电动悬浮列车采用低温超导系统悬浮过程存在明显的电磁辐射，同时在低速下需要橡胶轮子支撑，耗能高，超导系统结构更复杂，成本高。中低速磁浮列车结构简单，但轨道顶面铺设铜板或铝板与车底异步电机的驱动效率非常低，F轨排的漏磁场高，悬浮能耗大。轮轨列车结构简单，应用时间长，但开放式轮轨结构高速下随时有可能脱轨的安全隐患，另外车轮轴承在高速和重载下磨损严重，使用寿命低，需要经常换修维护，运行成本很高，随着列车速度的提高，车轮与轨道之间的黏着系数逐步降低，导致高速下刹车制动困难。
发明内容
本发明旨在根据现有的成熟应用的技术，创造性地提出一种新型组合结构的电磁悬浮列车及轨道，具有安全、快速、经济节能、高性价比的优点。兼具上述各技术的优点，又能克服上述技术不足，是一种经济高效的高速电磁悬浮列车轨道技术解决方案。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，在路基或轨道梁两侧设置轨道，轨道上行驶磁悬浮列车，磁悬浮列车的两侧托臂上水平设置牵引导向电磁铁，牵引导向电磁铁的磁极方向水平设置，轨道上对应牵引导向电磁铁的位置水平设置直线电机定子，直线电机定子由定子线圈和定子铁芯构成，定子铁芯的磁极方向水平设置，牵引导向电磁铁的工作面与定子铁芯的工作面平行设置并相距一定磁力间隙构成铁芯直线电机，磁悬浮列车的底部设置悬浮电磁铁，轨道底部位于悬浮电磁铁上方相距一定磁力间隙水平设置衔铁板。
进一步的，牵引导向电磁铁的动子线圈与控制系统连接，通过控制系统控制直线电机定子和牵引导向电磁铁的线圈的电流大小和方向，控制水平导向力和牵引力；悬浮电磁铁内的悬浮线圈与控制系统连接构成电磁悬浮系统，通过控制系统控制悬浮电磁铁的悬浮线圈的电流大小，控制悬浮力。
进一步的，所述的悬浮电磁铁为E形悬浮电磁铁，E形悬浮电磁铁包括E形铁芯和悬浮线圈，E形铁芯的截面为"E"形，两侧为侧芯板，中间为中芯板，底部由底芯板将侧芯板和中芯板连接成E形截面，E形截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成E形铁芯，在侧芯板、中芯板和底芯板之间围成的沟槽内设置悬浮线圈。
进一步的，所述的悬浮电磁铁为E形悬浮电磁铁，E形悬浮电磁铁包括E形铁芯和悬浮线圈，E形铁芯的截面为"E"形，两侧为侧芯板，中间为中芯板，底部由底芯板将侧芯板和中芯板连接成E形截面，E形截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成E形铁芯，在中芯板的两端设置凹陷的容线槽，在侧芯板、中芯板和底芯板之间围成的沟槽内设置悬浮线圈，悬浮线圈的两端线圈向下弯曲嵌入容线槽内。
进一步的，轨道上水平设置的衔铁板与位于其上面的T形钢构成工字钢轨，工字钢轨的底板与所述的E形悬浮电磁铁构成电磁悬浮系统，由控制系统控制悬浮。
进一步的，轨道上水平设置的衔铁板与I形钢构成L形钢轨，L形钢轨的底板与所述的E形悬浮电磁铁构成电磁悬浮系统，由控制系统控制悬浮。
进一步的，所述的直线电机定子是由多个S形弯曲的蛇形定子线圈和定子铁芯构成的直线电机的初级。
进一步的，所述的直线电机定子是由多个矩形定子线圈和定子铁芯构成的直线电机的初级。
进一步的，所述的牵引导向电磁铁设置在轨道两侧作为直线电机的初级，所述的由定子线圈和定子铁芯组成的直线电机定子设置在磁悬浮列车的两侧托臂上作为直线电机的次级。
进一步的,所述的牵引导向电磁铁设置在磁悬浮列车的两侧作为直线电机的初级，所述的导磁铁芯或由 电磁线圈和导磁铁芯组成的有铁芯线圈设置在轨道两侧作为直线电机的次级。
进一步的，所述的悬浮线圈由矩形的单股或多股线圈两端向下弯折而成，即中间为两条平行的直线段，直线段的两端向下的弯弧段与两端的U形段连接而成完整的悬浮线圈，悬浮线圈由至少一根连续的导线绕制成，有至少两根端线伸出。
进一步的，所述的中芯板整体或两端分体成可装卸的长条形或L形或T形或M形衔接芯块。
进一步的，E形衔铁板与钢结构件组合在一起，钢结构件是T型钢、工字钢、H型钢、L型钢、C型钢、方钢、扁钢、槽钢中的一种,构成E型底悬浮钢轨。
一种悬浮电磁铁，包括悬浮线圈和导磁铁芯，悬浮线圈装配在导磁铁芯用于承装悬浮线圈的凹槽中，悬浮线圈的两个端部相对于线圈本体向下倾斜，向下倾斜的端部安装在导磁铁芯两端设置的凹陷的容线槽中而形成悬浮线圈端部的避让空间，导磁铁芯的中芯板能够由避让空间通过悬浮线圈的端部。
进一步的，悬浮线圈主要由位于两侧的腰部和连接两个腰部的下沉部组成，下沉部在水平上相对腰部向下倾斜，下沉部包括与腰部倾斜连接的连接段及下沉段；导磁铁芯包括底芯板、侧芯板和中芯板，两侧的侧芯板位于底芯板横向的两侧且由底芯板将两侧的侧芯板连接，中芯板铺设在底芯板上表面，中芯板横向上窄于底芯板而使中芯板与侧芯板间形成两侧凹槽，作为容纳悬浮线圈的两腰部的凹槽，底芯板纵向的两端部作直阶梯状或倾斜阶梯状开槽而形成容纳悬浮线圈下沉部的容线槽。
进一步的，下沉部在水平上相对腰部向下倾斜的角度是15度～90度。
进一步的，下沉部在水平上相对腰部向下倾斜的角度是90度。
进一步的，中芯板在纵向短于属于上层阶梯底芯板的长度，悬浮线圈装配在用于承装悬浮线圈的凹槽中，再将端芯块装配在属于上层阶梯底芯板上，端芯块通过容线槽上方的悬浮线圈的避让空间。
进一步的，所述的悬浮线圈由矩形或圆角矩形的单股或多股线圈在两端向下弯折而成，悬浮线圈由至少一根连续的导线绕制成，有至少两根端线伸出。
进一步的，导磁铁芯的中芯板由避让空间通过悬浮线圈下沉部的下沉段的上方，下沉段与中芯板在竖向接触或者下沉段与中芯板在竖向存在间隙。
一种悬浮电磁铁，包括悬浮线圈和导磁铁芯，悬浮线圈装配在导磁铁芯用于承装悬浮线圈的凹槽中，导磁铁芯在端部平滑倾斜向下，导磁铁芯的中芯板随导磁铁芯端部倾斜，导磁铁芯上用于装配悬浮线圈端部的凹槽随导磁铁芯端部的倾斜形成倾斜凹槽。
一种悬浮电磁铁系统，由若干所述的悬浮电磁铁顺序连接而成，相邻的悬浮电磁铁通过衔接板将两个悬浮电磁铁的中芯板和侧芯板衔接。
一种悬浮电磁铁系统，由若干所述的悬浮电磁铁顺序连接而成，相邻的悬浮电磁铁通过衔接芯块将两个悬浮电磁铁的中芯板铰接连接。
一种磁悬浮轨道，轨道上水平安装直线电机定子，直线电机定子由定子线圈和定子铁芯构成，定子铁芯的磁极方向水平设置，定子铁芯设置竖立的凹槽以安装定子线圈，定子铁芯的磁极工作面竖立设置，轨道两侧水平设置衔铁板。
进一步的，定子线圈是多个S形弯曲的蛇形线圈或圆角方波矩形线圈或矩形线圈。
所述的直线电机定子是由多个矩形定子线圈和定子铁芯构成，沿轨道两侧平行铺设，矩形定子线圈设置在矩形定子铁芯外部。
一种电磁悬浮轨道的电磁悬浮系统，轨道上水平设置衔铁板，衔铁板与钢结构件构成钢轨，钢轨的底板与前述任一项所述的悬浮电磁铁构成电磁悬浮系统，由控制系统控制悬浮。
进一步的，钢结构件是T型钢、工字钢、H型钢、L型钢、C型钢、方钢、扁钢、槽钢中的至少一种。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明结构简化，可靠性高。德国的电磁悬浮列车是设置在底部的电磁铁(直线电机定子13和牵引导向电磁铁22配合的电磁铁)既做悬浮电磁铁，又要做牵引电磁铁，结构上还要考虑追踪行波磁场的磁极波峰的换极结构，悬浮电磁铁的体积大，结构复杂，控制系统可靠性要求极高，否则在交变磁场下稍有闪失就会掉道失稳而发生脱轨风险。本发明的列车底部电磁铁只做悬浮电磁铁，结构简单。列车两侧的电磁铁 (直线电机定子13和牵引导向电磁铁22配合的电磁铁)既可以作为导向电磁铁，还可以作为牵引电机的动子磁极，相当于列车上减少了牵引电磁铁或者是减少牵引电磁铁中的至少一套关键结构部件的数量，降低了成本，减轻了重量。进一步的，采用矩形线圈使控制电流可以降低，对耐压元器件的耐压等级得到降低。在紧急刹车时电磁铁还可以NSNS...NSNS磁极交替形成涡流，采用涡流制动方式刹车。列车两侧的电磁铁和轨道两侧的牵引线圈构成磁悬浮直线电机，可以采用目前最容易控制的无刷直流电机的工作原理，很容易实现列车的高速牵引控制，并且由于直线电机定子只承担牵引力而无需承担列车自重，因此可以采用除了目前同步直线电机控制系统以外的多种牵引控制技术，定子线圈的线径相应减小，比德国的三项交流变频同步直线电机更容易控制和制造，牵引控制可以随意控制，即使出现牵引控制故障也不会出现掉道危险，可靠性更高。
本发明的悬浮稳定性好。德国的EMS系统的直线电机底部平面为凹凸不平的铁芯结构会随时产生悬浮面积的变化，磁场也会不断发生变化，加上直线电机的牵引控制掺杂在一起，悬浮控制的难度非常大，而且对悬浮控制系统的可靠性要求非常高，导致的结构是即使在平直的路面也不易保持平稳，更何况弯道下更为复杂。本发明的悬浮衔铁板底部为平面，在直道和弯曲路面的悬浮面积不会发生改变，悬浮更稳定，也容易稳定控制的悬浮力，因此乘坐舒适性会更好。
本发明的悬浮能力大。同样宽度的悬浮轨道底部的悬浮衔铁面积比F形轨排的悬浮面积增大了至少一倍，悬浮衔铁底部的E形截面悬浮电磁铁的顶部面积也增加一倍，单位长度的轨道悬浮能力是F形轨排的两倍左右，德国EMS电磁悬浮轨道的悬浮能力与F轨排的悬浮能力略高但几乎相当，因此采用E形截面悬浮电磁铁的轨道悬浮能力也基本是德国EMS电磁悬浮轨道的悬浮能力的两倍左右，克服了以往电磁悬浮列车悬浮能力低的弱点。
本发明的电磁阻力低。E形截面悬浮电磁铁的衔接处与中间段的磁场强度差别不大，因此比目前的回形电磁铁的两端处会产生明显的电涡流阻力有明显不同，改进后多个E形截面悬浮电磁铁的各处磁场在纵向方向几乎一致，在行驶过程中可以减小电磁阻力。
本发明的电磁辐射低。E形截面悬浮电磁铁的的悬浮线圈外部有铁芯包围，外泄磁场极少，电磁辐射极低。
本发明节能省电，悬浮能耗低。采用E形截面悬浮电磁铁的悬浮线圈的内外磁场几乎可以全部被利用，比目前的中低速和EMS高速电磁悬浮列车悬浮能耗明显降低，减小悬浮能耗，因而更节能。列车底部采用E形截面悬浮电磁铁悬浮能发挥出电磁铁的最大效能，同样载重悬浮能耗更低，几乎节省了一半的悬浮电能。
本发明经济性好。列车只有底部两侧的E型截面悬浮电磁铁和列车两侧的电磁铁，即可完成悬浮、导向和牵引三大功能，关键结构部件少，列车成本降低。德国的电磁悬浮列车是底部的电磁铁既做悬浮电磁铁，又要承担牵引电磁铁，悬浮电磁铁的体积大，结构复杂。本发明在列车底部的悬浮电磁铁只需承担悬浮功能，悬浮磁铁体积小，重量轻。列车两侧设置的电磁铁做为牵引导向电磁铁，不需要承担整车重量，体积可以大幅度减小，而且采用直线无刷电机的控制方式后控制系统更简单，控制系统成本又有降低，因此整体造价会明显降低。
本发明适合高低速飞行。列车与轨道在静止和高速下保持磁悬浮无接触运行，直线电机采用无刷直流电机控制既能在低速下高效牵引运行，也能在高速下高效牵引运行，在真空管道内，磁悬浮列车可实现时速1000公里以上的贴地高速飞行。
本发明维护成本低。轨道无接触，消除了机械摩擦阻力和噪声，轨道几乎没有磨损，降低了轨道维护成本。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明的工字钢轨蛇形线圈牵引的电磁悬浮列车及轨道的结构示意图。
图2是图1的局部放大图。
图3是本发明的工字钢梁矩形线圈牵引的电磁悬浮列车及轨道的结构示意图。
图4是图3的局部放大图。
图5是本发明的L型钢轨的电磁悬浮列车及轨道的结构示意图。
图6是图5的局部放大图。
图7是本发明的多个E型截面悬浮悬浮电磁铁组的立体结构示意图。
图8是E型截面悬浮悬浮电磁铁的纵剖面结构示意图。
图9是悬浮线圈的立体结构示意图。
图10是本发明的E形铁芯的立体结构示意图。
图11是本发明的长条形端芯块的立体结构示意图。
图12是本发明的L形端芯块的立体结构示意图。
图13本发明的T形衔接芯块的立体结构示意图。
图14是E型截面悬浮电磁铁的横截面结构示意图。
图15是本发明的V形悬浮线圈的侧视图。
图16是本发明的V形悬浮线圈的立体结构示意图。
图17是本发明的多个V形悬浮电磁铁组的立体结构示意图。
图18是本发明的V形悬浮电磁铁的的剖面结构示意图。
图19是本发明的V形主芯板的立体结构示意图。
图20是本发明的V形侧芯板的立体结构示意图。
图21本发明的V形端芯块的立体结构示意图。
图22是本发明的M形衔接芯块的立体结构示意图。
图23是分体式带极靴的V形悬浮电磁铁的横截面结构示意图。
图24是E形底工字钢梁与悬浮电磁铁的结构示意图。
图25是E形底工字钢轨与悬浮电磁铁的结构示意图。
图26是E形底L型钢轨与悬浮电磁铁的结构示意图。
图27是图3的立体图。
图28是普通直线悬浮电磁铁的结构示意图。
图29是端部为斜坡的直线悬浮电磁铁的立体结构示意图。
图30是蛇形直线电机定子单元的局部立体图。
图31是蛇形线圈立体结构示意图。
图32是端部中芯板为一体式的E形铁芯的立体结构示意图。
图中1-路基，2-避让空间，3-紧固件，4-轨道支架，5-工字钢轨，6-衔铁板，7-滑板，8-腰板，9-悬浮电磁铁，10-悬浮线圈，11-悬浮铁芯，12-间隙传感器，13-直线电机定子，14-定子连接板，15-定子铁芯，16-定子线圈，17-定子极靴，18-动子线圈，19-托臂，20-列车，21-动子铁芯，22-牵引导向电磁铁，23-发电线圈，24-滑橇，25-防护板，26-轨枕，27-L形钢轨，28-车轮，29-轨头，30-E型悬浮电磁铁，31-E形铁芯，32-侧芯板，33-中芯板，34-底芯板，35-筋板，36-V形悬浮线圈，37-线圈的端线，38-衔接芯块，39-端芯块，40-凸压块，41-端底板，42-容线槽，43-悬浮线圈的弯弧段，44-悬浮线圈的直线段，45-悬浮线圈的U形段，46-冷却水孔，47-磁靴，48-E形衔铁板。
具体实施方式
现结合附图对本发明作进一步详细介绍。如图1和图2所示，为本发明的一种电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，在路基1顶部两侧设置预埋件，预埋件两侧用紧固件3固定设置轨道支架4，轨道支架4外伸端固定连接工字钢轨5，工字钢轨5底部为衔铁板6，工字钢轨5的顶部为滑板7，中间为竖立的腰板8。衔铁板6的下方距离一定间隙设置悬浮电磁铁9，悬浮电磁铁9由悬浮线圈10和悬浮铁芯11构成，悬浮电磁铁9可采用现有技术中可实现本发明悬浮目的的电磁铁，在优选方案中，悬浮线圈10包括矩形线圈、蛇形线圈。悬浮铁芯11的截面为U形或E形，本发明优选为E形截面电磁铁(具体结构请参见实施例2中相关说明)。悬浮电磁铁9上设置间隙传感器12，悬浮电磁铁9在衔铁板6的下方一定距离，悬浮电磁铁9根据间隙传 感器传来的间隙信号由控制系统控制悬浮线圈10的电流大小，使悬浮电磁铁9与衔铁板6相互之间通常保持在10毫米左右的悬浮间隙，保持列车在竖直方向的稳定悬浮。
工字钢轨5的腰板8外侧设置直线电机定子13，腰板8和直线电机定子13之间由定子连接板14固定，直线电机定子13由定子铁芯15和定子线圈16构成，沿轨道行进方向延伸左右各铺设一列。如图30和图31所示，定子线圈16为多股首尾连接的S形或蛇形线圈，外面设置保护绝缘皮，中间段为多个直线段，便于嵌入定子铁芯15的凹槽内，每段直线段两端分别由U形或圆弧连接，形状也可以说是大体为矩形方波形状，各个拐角处由圆弧过渡连接，直线段的两侧U形线圈可以向一侧弯折，以避让其他组线圈，避免各个线圈之间相互干涉。定子线圈16其中一种结构为由三股线圈构成，末端连接为一个节点。定子铁芯15的截面带有多个定子沟槽25，定子沟槽25等间距设置，至少三股定子线圈16依次安装在定子沟槽25里面。直线电机的控制方式可以采用三项交流变频器控制，直线电机的控制方式也可采用直流无刷电机的控制器，比三项交流变频器产生行波磁场更容易控制。列车20的托臂19上与直线电机定子13侧面距离一定间隙设置牵引导向电磁铁22，牵引导向电磁铁22由动子线圈18和动子铁芯21构成，牵引导向电磁铁22的动子线圈18为矩形线圈，里面为矩形截面的动子铁芯21，牵引导向电磁铁22在通电后成为电磁铁，会吸引直线电机定子13的定子铁芯15，左右两侧牵引导向电磁铁22由列车20上的控制系统控制左右两侧动子线圈18电流的差异大小，控制列车20上左右两侧的牵引导向电磁铁22与轨道左右两侧的定子铁芯15的吸力差值，从而控制列车20左右两侧的磁力间隙维持在相等的平衡位置，保持列车在水平方向的稳定悬浮。
列车20两侧的牵引导向电磁铁22在通电后形成NSNS...NSNS磁极交替相间排列，相当于NSNS...NSNS磁极相间的磁铁，构成直线电机的次级，轨道两侧的直线电机定子13为直线电机的初级，轨道上的直线电机定子13与列车上牵引导向电磁铁22构成直线电机，由控制系统控制直线电机的牵引力，控制系统优选采用直流无刷电机的控制方式对直线电机定子13的定子线圈16电流的大小和线圈的通电次序及方向，控制牵引力的大小和方向，牵引列车20悬浮行驶。
如图3和图4所示，为本发明的一种电磁悬浮列车轨道系统。在路基1顶部两侧设置预埋件，预埋件两侧用紧固件3固定设置轨道支架4，轨道支架4外伸端固定连接工字钢轨5，工字钢轨5底部为衔铁板6，工字钢轨5的顶部为滑板7，中间为竖立的腰板8，轨道支架4支撑在衔铁板6、滑板7和腰板8之间，固定住工字钢轨5。衔铁板6的下方距离一定间隙设置悬浮电磁铁9，悬浮电磁铁9由悬浮线圈10和悬浮铁芯11构成，悬浮铁芯11的截面为E型。悬浮电磁铁9上设置间隙传感器10，悬浮电磁铁9在衔铁板6的下方一定距离，悬浮电磁铁9根据间隙传感器12传来的间隙信号由控制系统控制悬浮线圈10的电流大小，使悬浮电磁铁9与衔铁板6相互之间保持在10毫米左右的悬浮间隙，保持列车在竖直方向的稳定悬浮。
工字钢轨5的腰板8外侧设置直线电机定子13，腰板8和直线电机定子13之间由定子连接板14固定，直线电机定子13由定子铁芯15和定子线圈16构成，沿轨道行进方向延伸左右各铺设一列。定子线圈16为单股或多股矩形线圈，里面为矩形截面的定子铁芯15，定子铁芯15外露一侧还可分体出定子极靴17。列车20的托臂19上与直线电机定子13侧面距离一定间隙设置牵引导向电磁铁22，牵引导向电磁铁22由动子线圈18和动子铁芯21构成，牵引导向电磁铁22的动子线圈18为矩形线圈，里面为矩形截面的动子铁芯21，牵引导向电磁铁22在通电后成为电磁铁，会吸引直线电机定子13的定子铁芯15，左右两侧牵引导向电磁铁22由列车20上的控制系统控制左右两侧动子线圈18电流的差异大小，控制列车20上左右两侧的牵引导向电磁铁22与轨道左右两侧的定子铁芯15的吸力差值，从而控制列车20左右两侧的磁力间隙维持在相等的平衡位置，保持列车在水平方向的稳定悬浮。
列车20两侧的牵引导向电磁铁22在通电后形成NSNS...NSNS磁极交替相间排列，相当于NSNS...NSNS磁极相间的磁铁，构成直线电机的次级，轨道两侧的直线电机定子13为直线电机的初级，轨道上的直线电机定子13与列车上牵引导向电磁铁22构成直线电机，列车20和轨道上还设置霍尔传感器检测磁场方向，由控制系统控制直线电机的牵引力，控制系统优选采用直流无刷电机的控制方式对直线电机定子13的定子线圈16电流的大小和线圈的通电次序及方向，控制牵引力的大小和方向，牵引列车20悬浮行驶。
在匀速惰行阶段列车上的左右两侧牵引导向电磁铁22在通电后形成相同磁极，如NNNN...NNNN或 SSSS...SSSS排列，由列车20上控制系统控制左右两侧动子线圈18电流的差异大小，控制吸引左右两侧定子铁芯15的吸力差值，从而控制列车20左右两侧的间隙在接近相等的平衡位置，保持列车在水平方向稳定悬浮滑行。
牵引导向电磁铁22的动子线圈18还绕制有发电线圈23，与轨道上的直线电机定子13产生电磁感应，发电线圈23感生出电流而发电，储存在列车上的储能器内，储能器包括充电电池、磁悬浮飞轮储能器。
在刹车时，列车上的牵引导向电磁铁22由控制系统控制直线电机定子13对牵引导向电磁铁22产生反向制动力同时再生发电，将列车的动能储存在列车或轨道侧的储能器里。列车20渐渐停止后，列车20底部的滑橇24下降，将列车20支撑停稳。在列车启动阶段磁悬浮飞轮储能器又将储存的电能传输给直线电机定子13，由轨道侧控制系统控制定子线圈电流的大小和通电次序及方向，控制牵引力的方向和大小，牵引列车凌空飞驰。
轨道外侧还可设置防护盖25，防护盖25为非导磁的耐候材料，防护盖25防护直线电机定子13免受沙尘影响。
对于中低速条件下，列车20上的牵引导向电磁铁22为直线电机定子13，牵引导向电磁铁22则由原来列车两侧的动子线圈18和动子铁芯21构成，即作为牵引导向电磁铁22又作为直线电机的初级。原来轨道上的直线电机定子13则作为直线电机的次级。列车20通过受流导轨给牵引导向电磁铁22供电，列车20上的控制系统控制牵引导向电磁铁22水平导向并同时牵引列车悬浮行驶。此时轨道上的直线定子13也可以不设置线圈而只设置凸极铁芯，此时直线电机成为直线磁阻电机，按照磁阻电机控制方式工作。
如图5和图6所示，为本发明的一种电磁悬浮列车轨道系统。在路基1顶部两侧设置预埋件，预埋件上面用紧固件3固定设置轨枕26，轨枕26外伸端固定连接L型钢轨27，L型钢轨27底部为衔铁板6，L型钢轨27的顶部为轨头26，中间为竖立的腰板8，轨枕26外伸端支撑在衔铁板6、轨头26和腰板8之间，固定住L型钢轨27。衔铁板6的下方距离一定间隙设置悬浮电磁铁9，悬浮电磁铁9由悬浮线圈10和悬浮铁芯11构成，悬浮铁芯11的截面为E型，中部为中芯板33，侧面为侧芯板32。悬浮电磁铁9上设置间隙传感器10，悬浮电磁铁9在衔铁板6的下方一定距离，悬浮电磁铁9根据间隙传感器12传来的间隙信号由控制系统控制悬浮线圈10的电流大小，使悬浮电磁铁9与衔铁板6相互之间通常保持在10毫米左右的悬浮间隙，保持列车在竖直方向的稳定悬浮。列车20底部设置车轮28，车轮28由轮轴和轴承支撑在列车底部，悬浮行驶时，车轮28在L型钢轨27上方悬空，在列车20减速到一定低的程度时车轮28接触支撑在L型钢轨27的轨头29的导向面上滑行到列车停止。
工字钢轨5的腰板8外侧设置直线电机定子13，腰板8和直线电机定子13之间由定子连接板14固定，也可以由紧固件3直接固定，直线电机定子13由定子铁芯15和定子线圈16构成，沿轨道行进方向延伸左右各铺设一列。定子线圈16为多股矩形线圈，里面为矩形截面的定子铁芯15，矩形铁芯棱角可以倒钝或倒成圆角，定子铁芯15外露一侧还可以分体出定子极靴17。列车20的托臂19上与直线电机定子13侧面距离一定间隙设置牵引导向电磁铁22，牵引导向电磁铁22由动子线圈18和动子铁芯21构成，牵引导向电磁铁22的动子线圈18为矩形线圈，里面为矩形截面的动子铁芯21，牵引导向电磁铁22在通电后成为电磁铁，会吸引直线电机定子13的定子铁芯15，左右两侧牵引导向电磁铁22由列车20上的控制系统控制左右两侧动子线圈18电流的差异大小，控制列车20上左右两侧的牵引导向电磁铁22与轨道左右两侧的定子铁芯15的吸力差值，从而控制列车20左右两侧的磁力间隙维持在相等的平衡位置，保持列车在水平方向的稳定悬浮。
列车20两侧的牵引导向电磁铁22在通电后形成NSNS...NSNS磁极交替相间排列，相当于NSNS...NSNS磁极相间的磁铁，构成直线电机的次级，轨道两侧的直线电机定子13为直线电机的初级，轨道上的直线电机定子13与列车上牵引导向电磁铁22构成直线电机，由控制系统控制直线电机的牵引力，控制系统采用直流无刷电机的控制方式对直线电机定子13的定子线圈16电流的大小和线圈的通电次序及方向，控制牵引力的大小和方向，牵引列车20悬浮行驶。
由上述，如图28所示，U形电磁铁为现有可使用的悬浮电磁铁，可以作为本发明上述方案的磁悬浮电磁铁，U形电磁铁的悬浮线圈虽然保持了封闭线圈，然而悬浮线圈端部和中芯板基本处于同一水平面，在 将多个U形电磁铁拼接时，U形电磁铁的中芯板相当于被悬浮线圈端部切断，两个U形电磁铁拼接时，其拼接处是两个U形电磁铁的线圈接触或者是外部铁芯接触将线圈隔断，在这种情况下，电磁铁间的衔接处与电磁铁中间段的磁场强度差别很大，列车在行驶过程中电磁阻力很大。为克服上述情况，本实施例给出一种解决方案(实施例1所述的E形电磁铁方案)，通常的E形电磁铁的结构是：如图28左侧端部所示，即所述的悬浮电磁铁9为E形悬浮电磁铁30，E形悬浮电磁铁30包括E形铁芯31和悬浮线圈36，E形铁芯31的截面为"E"形，两侧为侧芯板32，中间为中芯板33，底部由底芯板34将侧芯板32和中芯板33连接成E形截面，E形截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成E形铁芯，在侧芯板32、中芯板33和底芯板35之间围成的沟槽内设置悬浮线圈36。然而该结构仍存在上述磁阻较大的缺陷，为此本实施例给出一种改进的E形电磁铁结构，如图29的左侧示出的电磁铁的端部，通过使用倾斜异形截面的电磁铁端部用于减弱磁场，倾斜产生的坡度导致电磁铁与衔铁板的间隙逐渐增加，磁场逐渐变弱而能够减小磁阻，该悬浮电磁铁，包括悬浮线圈和导磁铁芯，悬浮线圈装配在导磁铁芯用于承装悬浮线圈的凹槽中，导磁铁芯在端部平滑倾斜向下，导磁铁芯的中芯板33随导磁铁芯端部倾斜，导磁铁芯上用于装配悬浮线圈端部的凹槽随导磁铁芯端部的倾斜形成倾斜凹槽。然而，该种电磁铁仍然属于中芯板被悬浮线圈端部切断的的方案，在一定程度能够减小磁阻，然而无法达到电磁铁中间和两端都是整条连续的均匀磁场的目的，为解决该方案存在的问题，本实施例给出另一解决方案，如图7和图8所示，为本发明的E型截面悬浮电磁铁。悬浮电磁铁30由E形铁芯31和悬浮线圈36组成。E形铁芯31的截面为E形，两侧为侧芯板32，中间为中芯板33，底部由底芯板34将侧芯板32和中芯板33连接成E形截面，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成E形铁芯，E形电磁铁铁芯的材料为导磁性良好的材料，在中芯板33的两端设置凹陷的容线槽42，在侧芯板32、中芯板33和底芯板34之间围成的沟槽内设置悬浮线圈36，悬浮线圈36的两端线圈向下弯曲嵌入容线槽42内，中芯板端部相对于凹陷的容线槽42突出并与端面平齐，见图10。如图32所示，为便于悬浮线圈36的两端安装可以在E形铁芯31一端或两端设置可以拆卸的端芯块39，在各个悬浮电磁铁30的衔接处安装衔接芯块38，端芯块39和衔接芯块38由紧固件3连接在中芯板33上，各个悬浮电磁铁30的中芯板33连接成一根连续的中芯板33，两侧的侧芯板32也分别连接成两条几乎连续的侧芯板32。在悬浮线圈36通电后，中部的中芯板33与两侧的侧芯板32的磁极相反，即中部为N极时，两侧的侧芯板32的磁极为S极，或者当中部为S极时，两侧的侧芯板32的磁极为N极。悬浮线圈36在两端向下弯折后在两端处的线圈密度增加，两端磁场汇聚的磁通更多，在两端处的端芯块39位置的磁场强度会增强，悬浮线圈36两端向下弯折的长度达到一定长度时，两端处的端芯块39处的磁场强度会和中部的中芯板33的磁场强度相等或很接近，同样道理，衔接处的衔接芯块38处的磁场强度也会和中部的中芯板33的磁场强度相等或很接近，中间和两端都形成整条连续的均匀磁场，这样悬浮电磁铁30在前述的衔铁板6底部悬浮滑行时，每条磁极几乎不发生变化，因此相对滑行的磁阻力会很低。
在各个悬浮电磁铁30的衔接处由衔接芯块38铰接连接，相邻悬浮电磁铁30可以小角度转动，尽管单个悬浮电磁铁30为直线形，但在衔接处转动后整体悬浮电磁铁30的形状可形成圆弧形，以适应弯曲轨道的圆弧半径。
由上述方案，简要的说，本实施例实质提出了另一种悬浮电磁铁，包括悬浮线圈和导磁铁芯，悬浮线圈装配在导磁铁芯用于承装悬浮线圈的凹槽中，悬浮线圈的两个端部相对于线圈本体向下倾斜，向下倾斜的端部安装在导磁铁芯两端设置的凹陷的容线槽中而形成悬浮线圈端部的避让空间2，导磁铁芯的中芯板33能够由避让空间2通过悬浮线圈的端部。上述方案形成了中芯板端部位于悬浮线圈端部上方的结构，中芯板能通过悬浮线圈的端部，并同时使得中芯板仍位于悬浮线圈的包围，中芯板不再被悬浮线圈的端部切断，从而两个悬浮电磁铁的中芯板可以实现衔接，而由于避让空间的产生，中芯板端部位于悬浮线圈端部上方且通过，位于悬浮电磁铁终端的中芯板能够处于向下倾斜的悬浮线圈端部的磁场中，使得位于端部的中芯板的磁场强度基本与位于导磁铁芯中心的中芯板处保持一致，中间和两端都形成整条连续的均匀磁场，这样悬浮电磁铁在衔铁板底部悬浮滑行时，每条磁极几乎不发生变化，因此相对滑行的磁阻力会很低。
作为优选方案，悬浮线圈主要由位于两侧的腰部和连接两个腰部的下沉部组成，下沉部在水平上相对腰部向下倾斜，下沉部包括与腰部倾斜连接的连接段及下沉段；导磁铁芯包括底芯板34、侧芯板32和中 芯板33，两侧的侧芯板32位于底芯板34横向的两侧且由底芯板34将两侧的侧芯板32连接，中芯板33铺设在底芯板34上表面，中芯板33横向上窄于底芯板34而使中芯板33与侧芯板32间形成两侧凹槽，作为容纳悬浮线圈的两腰部的凹槽，底芯板34纵向的两端部作直阶梯状或倾斜阶梯状开槽而形成容纳悬浮线圈下沉部的容线槽。由该方案，底芯板被分成上下两层，呈阶梯形，底芯板分成了属于上层阶梯的底芯板和属于下层阶梯的底芯板。
在一种优选方案中，下沉部在水平上相对腰部向下倾斜的角度是15度～90度，优选方案为45度、60度和90度。在更为优选的方案中，下沉部在水平上相对腰部向下倾斜的角度是90度。完全垂直的下沉部所形成的磁场与中芯板的磁场最为接近。
然而，由于悬浮线圈存在下沉部，将其装配在承装槽中时，若中芯板整体安装并通过容线槽的上方，则整体不易装配，为此，在一种优选方案中，中芯板33在纵向的一端(如图32所示)或两端(如图10所示)短于属于上层阶梯底芯板34的长度，悬浮线圈装配在用于承装悬浮线圈的凹槽中，再将端芯块39装配在属于上层阶梯底芯板34上，端芯块39通过容线槽上方的悬浮线圈的避让空间2。端芯块是中芯板被切割下来的部分或者说其就是更短的中芯板，通过使用端芯块使得装配为分体装配，装配更为容易。
在一种优选方案中，所述的悬浮线圈36由矩形的单股或多股线圈在两端向下弯折而成，悬浮线圈36由至少一根连续的导线绕制成，有至少两根端线37伸出。在一种优选方案中，导磁铁芯的中芯板33由避让空间2通过悬浮线圈下沉部的下沉段的上方，下沉段与中芯板33在竖向接触或者下沉段与中芯板33在竖向存在间隙。
藉由上述悬浮电磁铁，本实施例还提出一种悬浮电磁系统，由若干所述的任意种方案的悬浮电磁铁顺序连接而成，相邻的悬浮电磁铁通过各自中芯板衔接。而针对于上述中芯板在纵向短于属于上层阶梯底芯板的长度，悬浮线圈装配在用于承装悬浮线圈的凹槽中，再将端芯块装配在属于上层阶梯底芯板上，端芯块通过容线槽上方的悬浮线圈的避让空间的方案，本实施例的悬浮电磁系统，由所述的悬浮电磁铁顺序连接而成，相邻的悬浮电磁铁通过在衔接处安装衔接芯块38，端芯块39和衔接芯块38由紧固件3连接在中芯板33上，各个中芯板和两侧的侧芯板都连接成连续的，组成更长的悬浮电磁铁。
藉由上述悬浮电磁铁或者悬浮电磁系统，本实施例提出一种电磁悬轨道的电磁悬浮系统，轨道上水平设置衔铁板，衔铁板与钢结构件构成钢轨，钢轨的底板与任一项所述的悬浮电磁铁构成电磁悬浮系统，由控制系统控制悬浮。在优选方案中，钢结构件是T型钢、工字钢、H型钢、L型钢、C型钢、方钢、扁钢、槽钢中的一种。如图9所示，悬浮线圈36由矩形的单股或多股导电线圈两端向下弯折而成，或者说是中间为两条平行的直线段44，直线段的两端为U形段45，弯弧段43将两端的U形段和中间的直线段44连接而成完整的悬浮线圈36，悬浮线圈36由一根连续的导线绕制成多股线圈，有两根端线37伸出，与控制器相连接。
如图10所示，E形铁芯31的截面为E形，两侧为侧芯板32，中间为中芯板33，底部由底芯板34将侧芯板32和中芯板33连接成E形截面，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成E形铁芯，E形电磁铁铁芯的材料为导磁性良好的材料，在中芯板33的两端设置凹陷的容线槽42，可以容纳悬浮线圈36两端的U形段45，为便于悬浮线圈36的两端的安装，中芯板33的两端挖掉，分体出设置可以拆装的端芯块39。端芯块39由紧固件3安装在E形铁芯31的两端，如图7和14所示。
如图11所示，端芯块39为长方形，一侧设置连接螺纹孔，材料为导磁性良好的材料。
如图12所示，端芯块39为L形，一侧设置连接螺纹孔，一端为凸压块40。
如图13所示，两个E形铁芯31的衔接处可以安装衔接芯块38，衔接芯块38为长方形或T形，一侧设置连接螺纹孔，由紧固件3安装在E形铁芯31两端，将两个E形铁芯31连接在一起。
如图15所示，一般情况下，水平的悬浮线圈36中间的两条平行的直线段的两端向下弯折与水平线保持一定的角度A，优选角度A在30度～90度之间，当角度为直角90度时就是图9所示的情况，以图示的45度角度为例，公开一种E型截面悬浮电磁铁。
如图16所示，悬浮线圈36左右成V形，V形的悬浮线圈36由矩形的单股或多股导电线圈两端向下弯折而成，中间的两条平行的直线段44，由弯弧段43将两端的U形段和中间的直线段44连接而成完整的 悬浮线圈36，悬浮线圈36由一根连续的导线绕制成多股线圈，有两根端线37伸出，与控制器相连接。
如图17和图18所示，为本发明的E型截面悬浮电磁铁。悬浮电磁铁30由E形铁芯31和V形的悬浮线圈36组成。E形铁芯31的截面为E形，两侧为侧芯板32，中间为中芯板33，底部由底芯板34将侧芯板32和中芯板33连接成E形截面，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成E形铁芯，E形电磁铁铁芯的材料为导磁性良好的材料，在中芯板33的两端设置凹陷的容线槽42，在侧芯板32、中芯板33和底芯板34之间围成的沟槽内设置V形悬浮线圈36，V形悬浮线圈36的两端线圈向下弯曲嵌入容线槽42内。为便于悬浮线圈36的两端安装，设置可以拆卸的端芯块39，在各个悬浮电磁铁30的衔接处安装衔接芯块38，端芯块39和衔接芯块38由紧固件3连接在中芯板33上，与各个悬浮电磁铁30的中芯板33连接成一根连续的中芯板33，两侧的侧芯板32也分别连接成两条连续的侧芯板32。在V形悬浮线圈36通电后，中部的中芯板33与两侧的侧芯板32的磁极相反，即中部为N极时，两侧的侧芯板32的磁极为S极，或者当中部为S极时，两侧的侧芯板32的磁极为N极。
如图19、图20和图23所示，为便于冷却E形铁芯31，E形铁芯31剖切为两侧的侧芯板32和中间的中芯板33三大部件，在连接处开槽设置冷却水道46，再由紧固件3将三部分连接为一个整体。如图19和图21所示，为便于悬浮线圈36的两端的安装，中芯板33的两端挖掉，分体出可以拆装的端芯块39。端芯块39由紧固件3安装在E形铁芯31的两端，如图23所示。中芯板33和侧芯板32的底部设置筋板35，增加悬浮电磁铁30的强度。
如图21所示，端芯块39为L形或V形，一端为V形凸压块40，底面与悬浮线圈36两端的顶面吻合，材料为导磁性良好的材料。
如图22所示，两个E形铁芯31的衔接处可以安装衔接芯块38，衔接芯块38为长条形，中间带有M形凹槽，中部为V形凸压块40，由紧固件3安装在E形铁芯31两端，将两个E形铁芯31连接在一起。如图18所示。
如图23所示，前述的侧芯板32和中芯板33侧面设置侧向突出的磁靴47，防止悬浮线圈36脱出。
悬浮电磁铁的侧面还可以设置加固板。
前述是以两种形状的悬浮线圈为例说明本发明的悬浮线圈的结构原理，具体外形按此原理加以变形设计成其他类似形状，原理相同，不再附图赘述。
如图24所示，上部为本发明的一种E型底工字钢轨，钢轨5截面大体为工字型，工字型钢轨底部的衔铁板的下方设置3个向下延伸的底脚或凸棱，或者说是开设了2个沟槽，底部成为开口朝下的E形衔铁板48，与上部的T形钢组成为E型底工字钢轨。底部的E形衔铁板48的下方距离一定间隙设置悬浮电磁铁30，使悬浮电磁铁30在保持悬浮的同时，可以具有一定的水平导向力，3个底脚或凸棱的长度和宽度可以根据需要设定，应与E型截面悬浮电磁铁的侧芯板32和中芯板33的位置对应。
E型底衔铁板48还可以和L型钢轨组合成E型底L型钢轨，作用与E型底工字钢轨48相同。适合用于中低速磁悬浮列车的悬浮钢轨。
前述的E形衔铁板48可以与钢结构件组合在一起，钢结构件包括T型钢、工字钢、H型钢、L型钢、C型钢、方钢、扁钢、槽钢，通过焊接或紧固件连接在一起，与E型底工字钢轨48作用相同。
前述的悬浮电磁铁除用于悬浮电磁铁外，还可以用作水平导向电磁铁，可以设置在列车的左右两侧，与轨道梁两侧竖直设置的导磁板构成水平导向电磁铁，控制列车左右侧的悬浮。
本发明列举的永磁直线电机换成其他形式的直线电机，则成为其他驱动形式的磁浮轨道及电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，仍包含在本发明的保护范围。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，在路基或轨道梁两侧设置轨道，轨道上行驶磁悬浮列车，其特征是：磁悬浮列车(20)的两侧托臂(19)上水平设置牵引导向电磁铁(22)，牵引导向电磁铁(22)的磁极方向水平设置，轨道上对应牵引导向电磁铁(22)的位置水平设置直线电机定子(13)，直线电机定子(13)由定子线圈(16)和定子铁芯(15)构成，定子铁芯(15)的磁极方向水平设置，牵引导向电磁铁(22)的工作面与定子铁芯(15)的工作面平行设置并相距一定磁力间隙构成铁芯直线电机，磁悬浮列车的底部设置悬浮电磁铁(9)，轨道底部位于悬浮电磁铁(9)上方相距一定磁力间隙水平设置衔铁板(6)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征是：牵引导向电磁铁(22)的动子线圈(18)与控制系统连接，通过控制系统控制直线电机定子(13)和牵引导向电磁铁(22)的线圈的电流大小和方向，控制水平导向力和牵引力；悬浮电磁铁(9)内的悬浮线圈(10)与控制系统连接构成电磁悬浮系统，通过控制系统控制悬浮电磁铁(9)的悬浮线圈(10)的电流大小，控制悬浮力。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征是：所述的悬浮电磁铁(9)为E形悬浮电磁铁(30)，E形悬浮电磁铁(30)包括E形铁芯(31)和悬浮线圈(36)，E形铁芯(31)的截面为"E"形，两侧为侧芯板(32)，中间为中芯板(33)，底部由底芯板(34)将侧芯板(32)和中芯板(33)连接成E形截面，E形截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成E形铁芯，在侧芯板(32)、中芯板(33)和底芯板(35)之间围成的沟槽内设置悬浮线圈(36)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征是：所述的悬浮电磁铁(9)为E形悬浮电磁铁(30)，E形悬浮电磁铁(30)包括E形铁芯(31)和悬浮线圈(36)，E形铁芯(31)的截面为"E"形，两侧为侧芯板(32)，中间为中芯板(33)，底部由底芯板(34)将侧芯板(32)和中芯板(33)连接成E形截面，E形截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成E形铁芯，在中芯板(33)的两端设置凹陷的容线槽(42)，在侧芯板(32)、中芯板(33)和底芯板(35)之间围成的沟槽内设置悬浮线圈(36)，悬浮线圈(36)的两端线圈向下弯曲嵌入容线槽(42)内。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征是：轨道上水平设置的衔铁板(6)与位于其上面的T形钢构成工字钢轨(5)，工字钢轨(5)的底板与所述的E形悬浮电磁铁(30)构成电磁悬浮系统，由控制系统控制悬浮。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征是：轨道上水平设置的衔铁板(6)与I形钢构成L形钢轨(27)，L形钢轨(27)的底板与所述的E形悬浮电磁铁(30)构成电磁悬浮系统，由控制系统控制悬浮。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征是：所述的直线电机定子(13)是由多个S形弯曲的蛇形或圆角方波矩形定子线圈(16)和定子铁芯(15)构成的直线电机的初级。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征是：所述的直线电机定子(13)是由多个矩形定子线圈(16)和定子铁芯(15)构成的直线电机的初级。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征是：所述的牵引导向电磁铁(22)设置在轨道两侧作为直线电机的初级，所述的由定子线圈(16)和定子铁芯(15)组成的直线电机定子(13)设置在磁悬浮列车的两侧托臂(19)上作为直线电机的次级。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征是：所述的牵引导向电磁铁(22)设置在磁悬浮列车的两侧作为直线电机的初级，所述的导磁铁芯或由导磁铁芯和电磁线圈组成的有铁芯线圈设置在轨道两侧作为直线电机的次级。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征是：所述的悬浮线圈(36)由矩形的单股或多股线圈两端向下弯折而成，即中间为两条平行的直线段(44)，直线段(44)的两端向下的弯弧段(43)与两端的U形段(45)连接而成完整的悬浮线圈(36)，悬浮线圈(36)由至少一根连续的导线绕制成，有至少两根端线(37)伸出。
  12. 根据权利要求4所述的电磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征是：所述的中芯板(33)整体或两端分体成可装卸的长条形或L形或T形或M形衔接芯块(38)。
  13. 根据权利要求4或9或10所述的E形悬浮电磁铁，其特征是：E形衔铁板(48)与钢结构件组合在一起，钢结构件是T型钢、工字钢、H型钢、L型钢、C型钢、方钢、扁钢、槽钢中的至少一种,构成E型底悬浮钢轨。
  14. 一种悬浮电磁铁，包括悬浮线圈和导磁铁芯，悬浮线圈装配在导磁铁芯用于承装悬浮线圈的凹槽中，其特征是：悬浮线圈的两个端部相对于线圈本体向下倾斜，向下倾斜的端部安装在导磁铁芯两端设置的凹陷的容线槽中而形成悬浮线圈端部的避让空间(2)，导磁铁芯的中芯板(33)能够由避让空间(2)通过悬浮线圈的端部。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的悬浮电磁铁，其特征是：悬浮线圈主要由位于两侧的腰部和连接两个腰部的下沉部组成，下沉部在水平上相对腰部向下倾斜，下沉部包括与腰部倾斜连接的连接段及下沉段；导磁铁芯包括底芯板(34)、侧芯板(32)和中芯板(33)，两侧的侧芯板(32)位于底芯板(34)横向的两侧且由底芯板(34)将两侧的侧芯板(32)连接，中芯板(33)铺设在底芯板(34)上表面，中芯板(33)横向上窄于底芯板(34)而使中芯板(33)与侧芯板(32)间形成两侧凹槽，作为容纳悬浮线圈的两腰部的凹槽，底芯板(34)纵向的两端部作直阶梯状或倾斜阶梯状开槽而形成容纳悬浮线圈下沉部的容线槽。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的悬浮电磁铁，其特征是：下沉部在水平上相对腰部向下倾斜的角度是15度～90度。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的悬浮电磁铁，其特征是：下沉部在水平上相对腰部向下倾斜的角度是90度。
  18. 如权利要求15所述的悬浮电磁铁，其特征是：中芯板(33)在纵向一端或两端短于属于上层阶梯底芯板(34)的长度，悬浮线圈装配在用于承装悬浮线圈的凹槽中，再将端芯块(39)装配在属于上层阶梯底芯板(34)上，端芯块(39)通过容线槽上方的悬浮线圈的避让空间(2)。
  19. 如权利要求14或15所述的悬浮电磁铁，其特征是：所述的悬浮线圈由矩形的或圆角矩形的单股或多股线圈在两端向下弯折而成，悬浮线圈由至少一根连续的导线绕制成，有至少两根端线伸出。
  20. 如权利要求14或15所述的悬浮电磁铁，其特征是：导磁铁芯的中芯板(33)由避让空间(2)通过悬浮线圈下沉部的下沉段的上方，下沉段与中芯板(33)在竖向接触或者下沉段与中芯板(33)在竖向存在间隙。
  21. 一种悬浮电磁铁，包括悬浮线圈和导磁铁芯，悬浮线圈装配在导磁铁芯用于承装悬浮线圈的凹槽中，其特征是：导磁铁芯在端部平滑倾斜向下，导磁铁芯的中芯板(33)随导磁铁芯端部倾斜，导磁铁芯上用于装配悬浮线圈端部的凹槽随导磁铁芯端部的倾斜形成倾斜凹槽。
  22. 一种悬浮电磁铁系统，其特征是：由若干权利要求14-20任一项所述的悬浮电磁铁顺序连接而成，相邻的悬浮电磁铁通过衔接板将相邻两个悬浮电磁铁的中芯板(33)和侧芯板(32)衔接。
  23. 一种悬浮电磁铁系统，其特征是：由若干权利要求18所述的悬浮电磁铁顺序连接而成，相邻的悬浮电磁铁通过衔接芯块(38)将两个悬浮电磁铁的中芯板(33)铰接连接。
  24. 一种磁悬浮轨道，其特征是：轨道上水平安装直线电机定子(13)，直线电机定子(13)由定子线圈(16)和定子铁芯(15)构成，定子铁芯(15)的磁极方向水平设置，定子铁芯(15)设置竖立的凹槽以安装定子线圈(16)，定子铁芯(15)的磁极工作面竖立设置，轨道两侧水平设置衔铁板(6)。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的磁悬浮轨道，其特征是：定子线圈(16)是多个S形弯曲的蛇形线圈或圆角方波矩形线圈或矩形线圈。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的磁悬浮轨道，其特征是：所述的直线电机定子(13)是由多个矩形定子线圈和定子铁芯构成，沿轨道两侧平行铺设，矩形定子线圈设置在矩形定子铁芯外部。
  27. 一种电磁悬浮轨道的电磁悬浮系统，其特征是：轨道上水平设置衔铁板，衔铁板与钢结构件构成钢轨，钢轨的底板与权利要求14-20任一项所述的悬浮电磁铁构成电磁悬浮系统，由控制系统控制悬浮。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的电磁悬轨道的电磁悬浮系统，其特征是：钢结构件是T型钢、工字钢、H型钢、L型钢、C型钢、方钢、扁钢、槽钢中的至少一种。
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CN113954652B (zh) * 2021-12-02 2024-01-19 北京轨道交通技术装备集团有限公司 一种磁浮装置及磁浮运输系统
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CN112208347A (zh) 2021-01-12
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