WO2017162144A1 - 永磁悬浮列车轨道系统 - Google Patents

永磁悬浮列车轨道系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017162144A1
WO2017162144A1 PCT/CN2017/077526 CN2017077526W WO2017162144A1 WO 2017162144 A1 WO2017162144 A1 WO 2017162144A1 CN 2017077526 W CN2017077526 W CN 2017077526W WO 2017162144 A1 WO2017162144 A1 WO 2017162144A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rail
shaped
plate
permanent magnet
suspension
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/077526
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘忠臣
Original Assignee
刘忠臣
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201610564930.9A external-priority patent/CN106012716B/zh
Application filed by 刘忠臣 filed Critical 刘忠臣
Publication of WO2017162144A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017162144A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L13/00—Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B60L13/04—Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B13/00—Other railway systems
    • B61B13/08—Sliding or levitation systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • E01B25/30—Tracks for magnetic suspension or levitation vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • E01B25/30—Tracks for magnetic suspension or levitation vehicles
    • E01B25/32—Stators, guide rails or slide rails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • E01B25/30—Tracks for magnetic suspension or levitation vehicles
    • E01B25/34—Switches; Frogs; Crossings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a permanent magnet suspension train track system, in particular to a medium and low speed subway and urban rapid rail transit system and a vacuum pipeline super high speed train and track system.
  • the main problems existing in the prior art are: EMS electromagnetic suspension system and electromagnetic guidance system require complex active control system, the train has large weight, high energy consumption and complicated structure.
  • the superconducting dynamic suspension train uses the low-temperature superconducting system to suspend the existence of obvious electromagnetic radiation, the structure is more complicated, and at the same time, the rubber wheel support is required at a low speed, and the cost is higher.
  • the medium-low speed maglev train has a simple structure, but the suspension energy consumption is high.
  • the linear asynchronous induction motor is used. The driving efficiency of the copper or aluminum plate on the top surface of the track and the asynchronous motor under the vehicle is very low.
  • the wheel-rail train has a simple structure and a long application history.
  • the open wheel-rail structure is likely to derail the safety hazard at any time.
  • the wheel bearing is seriously worn under high speed and heavy load, requiring frequent maintenance and repair, high energy consumption and low service life.
  • the adhesive coefficient is low at high speed, and the transmission and speed reduction are difficult.
  • the invention aims to apply a new structure of maglev train technology based on the existing mature technology, and discloses a permanent magnet suspension train track system with simple structure, low cost, high efficiency and no electromagnetic radiation pollution, which is used for medium and low speed.
  • a suspension rail characterized in that the suspension rail is an I-shaped suspension rail whose integral section is an I-shaped shape, the material of which is a magnetic conductive material, the I-shaped suspension rail is composed of an upper yoke plate and a lower yoke plate and vertical a waist plate assembly disposed in the middle, the waist plate connecting the upper yoke plate and the lower yoke plate at a central position, the top surface of the upper yoke plate being a flat or curved surface or a convex arched table
  • the surface of the top of the upper yoke plate is a curved surface or an arched table, it is called a rail head, and the left and right widths and thicknesses of the upper yoke plate and the lower yoke plate are substantially equal, and the cross section of the suspended rail is along A straight line or curve extends into an I-beam.
  • a lower portion of the suspended rail is further provided with a supporting rail, the supporting rail is an inverted T-shaped rail, the I-shaped suspended rail is a magnetic conductive material, and the inverted T-shaped rail is a non-magnetic conductive material,
  • the I-shaped suspension rail is disposed at an upper portion, the inverted T-shaped rail is disposed at a lower portion, and the inverted T-shaped rail is a continuous continuous rail or fixedly connected to the I-shaped suspension rail at a distance of a section to form a cross-section of a king shape.
  • the inverted T-shaped rail is a magnetic conductive material
  • the I-shaped suspended rail and the inverted T-shaped rail are arranged in an integrated king-shaped structure; the section of the suspended rail extends along a straight line or a curved line Wang Zi Rail.
  • a lower portion of the suspended rail is further provided with a supporting rail, the supporting rail is an inverted ⁇ -type rail, the I-shaped suspended rail is a magnetic conductive material, and the inverted ⁇ -shaped rail is a non-magnetic material or magnetic conductive Material, the word suspension rail Located at the upper portion, the inverted ⁇ -type rail is disposed at a lower portion, and the inverted ⁇ -type rail is a continuous continuous rail or fixedly connected to the upper I-shaped suspension rail at a distance.
  • a lower portion of the suspended rail is further provided with a supporting rail, the supporting rail is an I-beam, the I-shaped suspended rail is a magnetic conductive material, and the I-shaped rail is a non-magnetic material or a magnetic conductive material.
  • the I-shaped suspension rail is disposed at an upper portion, the I-shaped rail is disposed at a lower portion, and the flat plate of the I-beam is equal to or shorter than the I-shaped suspension rail, and the I-beam is a continuous continuous rail or an interval A distance is fixedly connected to the I-shaped suspension rail.
  • the middle portion of the waist plate of the I-shaped suspension rail is provided with left and right symmetrical wings, and the number of the wings is one pair or more.
  • a guiding surface is provided on both sides of the upper yoke plate or the lower yoke plate or the waist plate or the wing plate or the vertical plate supporting the rail, and the guiding surface is a plane or a curved surface; the upper yoke plate of the floating rail and The upper and lower faces of the lower yoke plate or the wing are flat or set to a slope.
  • a lower portion of the suspended rail is further provided with a supporting rail, and the supporting rail is a soil rail, and the soil rail can be evolved from the I-beam, and the waist plate of the I-beam is protruded and extended to the upper yoke.
  • the upper yoke plate evolves into a wing plate, and the lower yoke plate extends into a rail bottom.
  • the I-shaped suspended rail is a magnetic conductive material
  • the soil rail is a non-magnetic material or a magnetic conductive material
  • the I-shaped suspended rail is disposed at an upper portion
  • the soil rail is disposed at a lower portion
  • the soil rail is disposed
  • the wings are equal to or shorter than the I-shaped suspension rails, and the soil rails are completely continuous rails or are fixedly connected to the I-shaped suspension rails at intervals.
  • the Wangzi suspended rail formed by the I-shaped suspended rail or the supporting rail is an inverted T-shaped rail is composed of a slotted rail or an E-shaped rail:
  • the I-shaped suspension rail is decomposed into a symmetrical groove-shaped rail, and the groove-shaped rail has a cross section of a " ⁇ " type, and the groove-shaped rail is composed of a vertical waist plate and a horizontal yoke plate at the upper and lower ends, and a vertical waist plate The upper end and the lower part of the flat end are provided with a positioning platform protruding outward; a guiding surface is arranged between the upper and lower yoke plates of the waist plate, and the surface of the guiding surface is a plane, and the cross section extends along a straight line or a curved rail;
  • the king word suspension rail is decomposed into a symmetrical E-shaped rail, the E-shaped rail has an "E" shape, and the E-shaped rail is composed of a vertical waist plate and a horizontal yoke plate at the upper and lower ends, at the waist plate A wing is provided in the middle, and the section is a rail extending along a straight line or a curved line.
  • the invention discloses a permanent magnet suspension track, characterized in that the suspension rails of various forms as described above are arranged on both sides of the rails of the top or bottom of the roadbed or box girder, and the left and right suspension rails are fixed by fasteners in parallel. Set at both ends of the track; the track passes through the insulating plate or the insulating seat or directly fixes the traction coil of the linear motor;
  • the mounting manner of the traction coil includes one or a combination of the following modes:
  • the traction coil is a coreless traction coil, which is fixedly connected to the center or both sides of the track through an insulating seat;
  • the traction coil is a linear motor coil winding embedded in a magnetic core, and is directly connected to one side or both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail through an insulating plate or directly;
  • the iron-free traction coil is a linear motor coil winding embedded in a magnetic core, and is directly connected to the center or both sides of the track through an insulating plate or directly.
  • the suspended rail is in the form of a slotted rail or an E-shaped rail
  • the planar ends of the two slotted rails are fixed on the vertical vertical plates at the two ends of the sleepers, and the openings of the left and right slotted rails
  • the opposite or back to back is fixed at both ends of the sleeper
  • the E-shaped rail is decomposed into a symmetrical E-shaped rail, and the flat ends of the two E-shaped rails are fixed on the vertical plates at both ends of the sleeper, and the openings of the left and right E-shaped rails are opposite or Back to back is fixed at both ends of the sleeper.
  • the invention also discloses a symmetrical permanent magnet suspension track system, characterized in that the suspension rail is arranged in the middle of the permanent magnet suspension system, and the permanent magnet suspension component is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail, the permanent magnet suspension component
  • the upper magnetic plate and the lower magnetic plate and the suspended permanent magnet between the upper magnetic plate and the lower magnetic plate of the permanent magnet suspension assembly and the upper yoke plate and the lower yoke plate of the suspended steel rail
  • the distance between the left and right end faces of the upper magnetic collecting plate and the lower magnetic collecting plate of the left and right permanent magnet suspension assemblies is equal to the magnetic gap between the left and right end faces of the upper yoke plate and the lower yoke plate, and the upper and lower sides of the permanent magnet suspension assembly are
  • the magnetic collecting plate and the lower magnetic collecting plate are offset from the upper yoke plate and the lower yoke of the I-shaped suspension rail by a certain distance.
  • the upper magnetic collecting plate and the lower magnetic collecting plate of the permanent magnet suspension assembly symmetrically disposed on both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail are fixedly connected by an external connecting curved plate, and the connecting curved plate or the upper collecting magnetic plate and the lower magnetic collecting plate a guide wheel is disposed directly or indirectly on the plate, and an outer edge of the guide wheel approaches or contacts a guide surface on both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail; the guide wheel is disposed on one side or two sides of the guide surface of the I-shaped suspension rail The side is also disposed on one side or both sides of the guide surface of the I-shaped suspension rail with the flap.
  • the invention also discloses a permanent magnet suspension train system, characterized in that, based on the above-mentioned permanent magnet suspension track system, a train is driven on the permanent magnet suspension track, and the permanent magnet suspension assembly and the connecting curved plate are symmetrically arranged on the train.
  • the guide wheel is slidably coupled to the train by an axle and a bearing and a bearing seat, the outer edge of the guide wheel being close to or contacting the inside or outside of the I-shaped suspension rail
  • the guiding surface is arranged to keep the permanent magnet suspension assembly symmetrically disposed on both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail.
  • the train fixedly connects a traction permanent magnet that maintains a certain gap with the traction coil, and the traction permanent magnet on the train and the traction coil on the rail constitute a permanent magnet linear motor; the traction coil or the magnet
  • the traction permanent magnets are disposed at equal intervals on both sides of the core or the traction permanent magnets with the magnet slides are provided by the telescopic mechanism.
  • one side of the connecting curved plate is provided with an upper stabilizing arm or a lower stabilizing arm, and a connecting rod is arranged between the upper stabilizing arm or the lower stabilizing arm, when two permanent magnet suspension systems are oppositely arranged,
  • the stabilizing arm and the lower stabilizing arm and the connecting rod form a parallelogram structure;
  • the connecting curved plate or the upper magnetic collecting plate and the lower magnetic collecting plate are directly or indirectly provided with a bearing bracket, and the guiding wheel is disposed at the On the bearing bracket.
  • the guide wheel is disposed on the bearing bracket and connected to the motor through an axle, and the starting, accelerating or decelerating motion of the guiding wheel is driven by a motor; the bearing bracket is connected with a boosting mechanism to adjust and control the guiding wheel to the suspension rail. Contact pressure of the guiding surface.
  • construction manner of the permanent magnet suspension track includes one or a combination of the following modes:
  • the construction form of the roadbed or box girder is an inverted L-shaped bracket, and a beam is arranged on the upper side of the steel or concrete column of the inverted L-shaped bracket, and a hanging permanent magnet suspension track system is arranged below the beam;
  • the construction form of the roadbed or box girder is an inverted L-shaped bracket, and the inverted L-shaped bracket is on a steel or concrete column.
  • a beam is arranged on one side of the section, and a hanging permanent magnet suspension track system is arranged below the beam, and the aforementioned permanent magnetic suspension track is arranged above the beam or the column;
  • the construction form of the roadbed or box girder is T-shaped bracket, the upper part of the steel or concrete column of the T-shaped bracket is provided with a beam, and the hanging permanent magnetic suspension track system is arranged below the beam, and the aforementioned permanent magnet suspension is arranged above the beam track;
  • a vacuum duct is arranged outside the permanent magnet suspension track.
  • the structure of the permanent magnet suspension assembly and the I-shaped suspension rail includes one or a combination of the following modes:
  • the permanent magnet suspension assembly is composed of an outer magnetic conductive plate and a floating permanent magnet at the upper and lower ends.
  • the magnetic field direction of the floating permanent magnet forms an angle of 0-60 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the magnetic conductive plate is externally Connecting the curved plate fixed connection, the end face distance of the floating permanent magnets at the upper and lower ends of the permanent magnet suspension assembly is equal to the distance between the upper yoke plate and the lower yoke plate of the I-shaped suspension rail, and the upper and lower sides of the permanent magnet suspension assembly
  • the end faces of the suspension permanent magnets at both ends are equal to the magnetic gaps of the left and right end faces of the upper yoke plate and the lower yoke plate of the I-shaped suspension rail.
  • a floating permanent magnet is arranged at a central position of the lower opening of the C-shaped rail, and the magnetic field direction of the floating permanent magnet is horizontal or vertical, and the left and right end faces of the floating permanent magnet and C The magnetic gap of the open end face of the rail is equal;
  • the upper magnetic collecting plate is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the rail head of the inverted I-shaped suspended rail, and the upper magnetic collecting plate is L-shaped, and the convex magnetic collecting plate boss is downwardly convex, and the lower part of the magnetic collecting plate boss is adsorbed Suspended permanent magnet, the lower part of the floating permanent magnet adsorbs the magnetic collecting plate; the left-hand symmetric magnetic plate and the floating permanent magnet are arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides of the I-shaped suspended steel rail, and the lower part is connected by the lower magnetic collecting plate to form an open C-shaped permanent
  • the magnetic levitation component; the magnetic field of the upper magnetic plate of the permanent magnet suspension component is equal to the magnetic distance between the left and right sides of the rail head;
  • the upper magnetic collecting plate is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the inverted rail head of the I-shaped suspended rail, and the upper magnetic collecting plate is U-shaped, the U-shaped upper magnetic collecting plate opening faces the I-shaped floating rail, and the upper end surface is close to the rail head
  • the two end faces are provided with a floating permanent magnet between the lower end faces of the magnetic collecting plate bosses; the U-shaped upper magnetic collecting plates are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the I-shaped suspension rails, and the lower floating permanent magnets are connected as an opening upward C
  • the permanent magnet suspension assembly has the same magnetic distance between the side of the upper magnetic plate of the permanent magnet suspension component and the left and right sides of the rail head.
  • Passive suspension that can achieve automatic balance.
  • the oblique attraction of the I-shaped suspended rail and the opposite left and right permanent magnet suspension systems are basically balanced with each other.
  • the lateral forces basically cancel each other out, only the upward levitation force remains, and the larger the offset, the larger the levitation force, in the levitation range.
  • the gravity of the inner train and the train is exactly balanced, and the automatic balance can be realized without the need of a complicated control system for active control, and the characteristic of self-sustaining suspension is achieved, that is, the passive suspension is realized.
  • the suspension effect is basically the same as that of the homopolar repulsion of the permanent magnet opposite to the same pole, and the magnetic field is closed inside, and there is substantially no external magnetic field.
  • EDS electric suspension can't be suspended at low speed, it needs wheels to support the weight of the car, and the eddy current consumption is very large.
  • the permanent magnet suspension technology of the invention automatically suspends suspension in static and motion, is not affected by the speed, can be suspended at low speed and high speed, the contact force of the wheel is slight, and the slight frictional resistance generated can provide mechanical damping, so that the suspension system keep it steady.
  • the traction drive efficiency is high.
  • the mechanical guide wheel makes the left and right guiding stiffness very large, and the gap between the driving permanent magnet at the bottom of the train and the traction coil of the linear motor can maintain good stability, so that a small magnetic gap can be used for driving, so that the structure is bilaterally permanent.
  • the efficiency of the magnetic linear motor is higher than that of other permanent magnet linear motors with unstable gaps, which is significantly higher than that of the linear synchronous motor of the current electric maglev train.
  • the main body of the track is made of steel material, which is similar to the existing cross section of the I-beam, with a small cross-sectional area and a material saving.
  • the train does not require a complicated electromagnetic suspension control system, and does not require complicated superconducting technology.
  • the track does not need expensive permanent magnets, so the overall cost is low.
  • the permanent magnet suspension technology overcomes more than 99% of the rolling frictional resistance.
  • the high-efficiency motor driven by the small magnetic gap makes the overall energy consumption of the train as a whole low and significantly energy-saving.
  • the track is similar to the existing I-beams in terms of manufacturing, installation and construction, and can inherit the original mature technology.
  • the lateral force of the track is small, the wear is slight, and the service life is long.
  • the permanent magnet suspension uses a permanent magnet of a steady-state magnetic field.
  • the coil of the bilateral permanent magnet linear motor is completely surrounded by the external magnetic conductive rail, which does not generate electromagnetic radiation to the outside, eliminates the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the environment, and conforms to environmental protection policies.
  • the structure is simplified, the car body is light.
  • the electronic automatic suspension control system is omitted, the automatic return guide is saved, the huge guiding electromagnet of the train is saved, and the curved arm structure is omitted, so the structure is extremely simple, the train is light in weight, the acceleration performance is good, and the train manufacturing cost is low.
  • the electromagnetic attraction of the iron core permanent magnet linear motor with symmetrical structure will cancel each other left and right, and the remaining only the upward pulling force can additionally provide the levitation force, which can be automatically balanced.
  • This structure is beneficial to exert the large thrust of the iron core permanent magnet motor.
  • the advantage of the track can also make the center of the track more concise.
  • the top of the track can be well connected to the existing I-beams and can be used to communicate with existing railways.
  • This type of track can be used to perform maglev trains and conventional wheel trains.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flat top I-shaped suspension rail of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the arc-shaped top-loaded suspension rail of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of the I-shaped suspension rail of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the composite king rail of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the king rail of the integral material of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the structure of a composite king rail of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the suspension rail of the I-shaped suspension rail and the inverted ⁇ rail formed by the present invention. Figure.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the suspension rail of the I-shaped suspension rail and the I-beam formed by the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing the structure of a suspended rail formed by intermittently welding the I-shaped suspension rail and the inverted ⁇ -type rail of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the working principle of the symmetric permanent magnet suspension system of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a symmetric permanent magnet suspension system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a rail of a composite composite king rail according to the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of a track for laying a composite ⁇ -bottomed suspension rail and a coreless drive coil of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the track structure of the composite king-shaped rail of the permanent magnet suspension system and the ironless core linear motor of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of a track provided with a lead-core magnetic core traction coil on the side of a composite ⁇ -bottomed suspension rail of the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a structural schematic view showing a composite king-shaped rail of the present invention and a permanent magnet suspension train track system in which a coreless traction coil is disposed in the center.
  • Figure 17 is a perspective view showing the structure of a permanent magnet suspension train track system of a composite king rail of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a structural schematic view of a vacuum pipeline super high speed permanent magnet suspension train track system of a composite king rail according to the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic view showing the structure of a permanent magnet suspension train track system of the ⁇ -bottom composite glyph suspension rail of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a structural schematic view of a permanent magnet suspension train track system of the hanging type I-rail and the lead-core magnetic core traction coil of the present invention.
  • 21 is a schematic structural view of an L-type dual-channel fast permanent magnet suspension train rail transit system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 22 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 21;
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural view of a T-type four-channel integrated rapid permanent magnet suspension train rail transit system of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the E-shaped rail of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the grooved rail of the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a perspective view showing the structure of a grooved rail of the present invention.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic view showing the track structure of the back-to-back grooved rail or E-shaped rail of the present invention.
  • Figure 28 is a schematic view showing the structure of a rail of a grooved rail in which the opening is opened in the present invention.
  • Figure 29 is a schematic view showing the structure of a rail-shaped rail and an iron-core linear motor having an outwardly opening opening according to the present invention.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic view showing the structure of the working principle of the extended symmetric permanent magnet suspension system of the present invention.
  • Figure 31 is a schematic view showing the structure of the working principle of another extended symmetric permanent magnet suspension system of the present invention.
  • Figure 32 is a structural schematic view of a permanent magnet suspension train track of the hanging I-beam and the externally-guided magnetic core traction coil of the present invention.
  • Figure 33 is a schematic view showing the structure of a permanent soil suspension track driven by a composite soil-supported suspension rail of the present invention and a linear motor driven by a magnet slide.
  • Figure 34 is a schematic view showing the composite glyph rail of the present invention and the structure of the permanent magnet suspension track with the force increasing mechanism and the upper and lower stabilizing arms.
  • Figure 35 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention having an arched overhead I-shaped suspension rail.
  • Figure 36 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the evolution of the I-shaped suspension rail of the present invention into a soil rail.
  • Figure 37 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the composite rail of the present invention.
  • Figure 38 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite arched roof and a soil rail of the present invention.
  • Figure 39 is a perspective view of an L-type suspension rail permanent magnet suspension train track system of the present invention.
  • an I-shaped suspension rail 1 has an overall cross section of an I-shape, and the material thereof is a magnetic conductive material, such as industrial pure iron or steel, and the I-shaped suspension rail 1 is composed of an upper yoke plate 2 And a lower yoke plate 3 and a waist plate 4 disposed vertically in the middle, the waist plate 4 integrally connects the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 at a central position, and the top surface of the upper yoke plate 2 may be a flat surface, an upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 have substantially the same width and thickness, and the cross section extends along a straight line or a curved line of the I-shaped rail.
  • the left and right widths of the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 may also be unequal widths, and the thickness may also be unequal thickness.
  • the horizontal upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 are convenient for manufacture, and the side faces may be provided with a slope, and the slope is preferably between 2 and 15 degrees. Casting fillets can be placed at the end when casting. For the weldment it can be a flat plate with the tip allowed to retain sharp corners.
  • the top of the upper yoke plate 2 of the aforementioned I-shaped suspension rail 1 may also be an outwardly convex circular curved surface, which becomes the rail head 6 when the curved surface is the guide surface of the curved surface, and the rail head 6 and the existing The rail head of the top of the high-speed rail of the I-beam, this It is easy to be compatible with the I-beams of the existing high-speed railway.
  • the aforementioned suspension rail is composed of an upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and a lower inverted T-shaped rail 9, the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 is a magnetic conductive material, and the lower inverted T-shaped rail 9
  • the welding is integrated, the overall cross-section is a king-shaped, and the cross-section or curve extends along a composite Wang-shaped rail.
  • the aforementioned upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and the lower inverted T-shaped rail 9 may also be a magnetically permeable material, and the I-shaped suspension rail 1 and the inverted T-shaped rail 9 are arranged in an integrated structure. That is, the overall cross section is a ridge type, and it can also be expressed that the corresponding lower yoke plate 3 evolves into the wing plate 41, and the bottom surface fixed to the track extends to the bottom 8 of the rail, and the section extends along a straight line or a curved line. Font suspension rail.
  • the aforementioned suspension rail is composed of an upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and a lower inverted T-shaped rail 9, and the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 is a magnetic conductive material, and the section is a straight line or a curved extension of the I-shaped rail.
  • the lower inverted T-shaped rail 9 is a non-magnetically permeable material, and the lower inverted T-shaped rail 9 can be fixedly connected to the lower yoke plate 3 of the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 by welding or other joining process at intervals.
  • the aforementioned suspension rail is composed of an upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and a lower inverted ⁇ -type rail 10, the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 is a magnetic conductive material, and the lower inverted ⁇ -type rail 10 It is a non-magnetic material or a magnetically permeable material.
  • the lower inverted ⁇ -type rail 10 corresponds to the aforementioned inverted T-shaped rail 9 having two vertical vertical plates 7, which can reduce weight-enhancing stability.
  • the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and the lower inverted ⁇ -type rail 10 are completely continuous rails which are fixedly connected by welding or other joining process, and the section is a suspended rail extending in a straight line or a curved line.
  • the upper continuous I-shaped suspension rail 1 is fixedly connected to a section of the inverted ⁇ -type rail 10 at a distance, and each section of the ⁇ -type rail 10 is placed upside down, and the upper two vertical plates 7 and the continuous I-shaped The bottom of the lower yoke plate 3 of the suspension rail 1 is welded and fixedly coupled together.
  • the aforementioned suspension rail is composed of an upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and a lower I-beam 1', and the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 is a magnetic conductive material, and the structure is the same as the aforementioned I-shaped suspension rail 1
  • the lower I-beam 1' is a non-magnetic material or a magnetically permeable material, and the flat plate at the top of the lower I-beam 1' is equal to or shorter than (in some cases, it may be slightly wider than the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1)
  • the upper part of the I-shaped suspended rail 1 in the technical solution of the present invention should be considered and welded to the bottom of the upper I-shaped suspended rail 1 .
  • the upper I-beam 1 and the lower I-beam 1' are complete continuous rails that are fixedly joined together by welding or other joining process, and the section is a suspended rail extending in a straight line or a curved line.
  • the aforementioned continuous I-shaped suspension rails 1 are fixedly connected to a section of the I-beam 1' at a distance, and each of the I-beams 1' is welded and fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper continuous I-shaped suspension rail 1.
  • the top of the upper yoke plate 2 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 may also be an outwardly convex arched table.
  • the top surface of the arched table is a circular arc shape, and the left and right widths of the arched table are smaller than the shape of the suspension.
  • the width of the upper yoke plate 2 of the rail 1 becomes the rail head 6 when it is the guide surface of the arched table, and the rail head 6 coincides with the rail head of the top of the existing high-speed railway I-beam, so that it is convenient for the existing high-speed railway.
  • the I-beam is compatible.
  • the waist plate 4 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 projects and extends upward to the upper portion of the upper yoke plate 2,
  • the upper yoke plate 2 evolves into a wing 41 which extends into a rail bottom 8 which has an overall cross-section of a clay-shaped shape.
  • the aforementioned suspension rail is composed of an upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 having an arched table and a lower inverted T-shaped rail 9, and the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 is a magnetic conductive material, and the section is along a straight line or A curved rail with an arched table.
  • the lower inverted T-shaped rail 9 is a non-magnetic material or a magnetically permeable material, and the lower inverted T-shaped rail 9 can be welded or otherwise connected to the lower yoke plate 3 of the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 at a distance or a complete continuous interval. The joining process is fixedly connected together.
  • the aforementioned suspension rail is composed of an upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 having an arched table and a lower soil-shaped rail, and the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 is a magnetic conductive material, and the section is along a straight line or a curve.
  • the I-shaped rail of the arched table that extends.
  • the lower earth-shaped rail is a non-magnetic material or a magnetic conductive material, and the lower soil-shaped rail can be welded or otherwise connected to the lower yoke plate 3 of the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 at a distance or a complete continuous process. Fixedly connected together.
  • the variants of the above various suspension rails are all added on the basis of the I-shaped shape, and the heads are arranged at the top or bottom or at the same time, such as soil, dry, string, etc., and the flaps are arranged as a pair and A pair or more, if evolved on the basis of this, should be regarded as a similar structure.
  • the present invention provides a symmetrical permanent magnet suspension system 16 in which an I-shaped suspension rail 1 is disposed in the middle, and the I-shaped suspension rail 1 is a magnetic conductive material, and the I-shaped suspension rail 1 is composed of an upper yoke plate 2 and a lower yoke plate. 3 and a waist plate 4 disposed vertically in the middle, the waist plate 4 connects the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 in a central position, and the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail 1
  • the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 and the floating permanent magnet 13 are formed.
  • the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 are fixedly connected by an external connecting bent plate 11.
  • the distance between the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 of the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 is equal to the distance between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1.
  • the left and right end faces of the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 of the left and right permanent magnet suspension assemblies 15 are equal to the magnetic gaps 17 of the left and right end faces of the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1, and the left and right permanent magnets are suspended at this time.
  • the magnetic attraction of the component 15 to the middle of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 is equal, and the left and right magnetic forces cancel each other.
  • the equality parameters described herein mean that the dimensional parameters should be equal, and it is impossible to achieve complete equality in actual processing, so that it is within the scope of the present invention to be slightly larger or smaller.
  • the working principle of the symmetric permanent magnet suspension system 16 is as follows: the magnetic lines of the suspension permanent magnet 13 of the left permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 are as shown in FIG. 10, and the left floating permanent magnet 13 flows out from the N pole externally, and the upper magnetic plate 12 is obliquely upward.
  • the yoke plate 2 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 is directed, and then flows down the lower yoke plate 3 through the waist plate 4, and points downward to the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 to flow back to the S pole of the floating permanent magnet 13.
  • the magnetic lines of force of the other symmetric permanent magnet suspension system may be symmetrically arranged or may be arranged oppositely.
  • a misalignment position is generated.
  • the return magnetic force can also be called the levitation force, and the direction of the levitation force is the upward direction.
  • the staggered distance is larger, the return levitation force of the pointing coincidence position is also larger, when the return levitation force of the pointing coincidence position and the total of the left and right permanent magnet suspension components 15 and the load When the weight is equal, this staggered position is the equilibrium position.
  • the return levitation force of the pointing coincidence position will continue to increase, and the increasing portion of the levitation force will point to the equilibrium position, allowing the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 and the load to return to the equilibrium position until the return Balance the position while maintaining a stable suspension.
  • the suspension effect is substantially the same as the suspension effect of the same polarity of the permanent magnets of the same pole.
  • the shape of the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 may be L-shaped, as shown in FIG. 10, that is, one end is a flat plate, and one end of the flat plate has a boss 19 for collecting a magnetic plate, and a transition between rounded corners or oblique angles is adopted. .
  • the boss 19 of the magnetic plate is in absorbing contact with the suspended permanent magnet 13 in the middle.
  • the shape of the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 may also be a flat plate shape.
  • the composite Wangzi rail of the inverted U-shaped rail 1 of the magnetic conductive material and the inverted T-shaped rail 9 of the non-magnetic material is taken as an example to illustrate the whole of the symmetric permanent magnetic suspension system of the present invention. structure.
  • a suspension rail is arranged in the middle, and the I-shaped suspension rail 1 is composed of an upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and a lower inverted T-shaped rail 9, the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 is a magnetic conductive material, and the lower inverted T-shaped rail 9 is The non-magnetic material, the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 is composed of an upper yoke plate 2 and a lower yoke plate 3 and a waist plate 4 disposed vertically in the middle, and the waist plate 4 connects the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 at a central position.
  • the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 are fixedly connected by an outer connecting bent plate 11.
  • the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and the lower inverted T-shaped rail 9 are welded into one body, and the overall section is a king-shaped type, and the section is a composite Wang-shaped rail extending along a straight line or a curved line.
  • the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail 1.
  • the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 is composed of the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 and the floating permanent magnet 13 therebetween, and the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 of the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15
  • the distance from the lower magnetic plate 14 is equal to the distance between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1.
  • the side of the connecting curved plate 11 is fixedly connected to the bearing and the bearing housing 20.
  • the bearing and the bearing housing 20 are provided with an axle 21, and the axle 21 is provided with a guiding wheel 18.
  • the guide wheels 18 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail 1, and the outer rim of the guide wheel 18 is adjacent to or in contact with the guide faces 5 on both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail 1. Due to the limitation of the left and right horizontal guide wheels 18, the left and right end faces of the upper and lower magnetic plates 12 and 14 of the left and right permanent magnet suspension assemblies 15 are between the left and right end faces of the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1. The magnetic gaps 17 are equal.
  • the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 of the left and right permanent magnet suspension assemblies 15 are offset from the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 by a certain distance to generate a return levitation force directed to the equilibrium position.
  • the left and right magnetic gaps are almost equal, and the magnetic forces in the left and right directions cancel each other out, leaving only the levitation force in the up and down direction.
  • the left and right magnetic gaps are slightly different. The left and right magnetic forces are close to each other and mostly cancel out. The remaining lateral force is just used as mechanical damping, making the symmetric permanent magnet suspension system easier to maintain stable suspension.
  • a permanent magnetic suspension track for laying a composite king-shaped rail is provided, and a sleeper 24 (or a track plate) is disposed on the top of the roadbed or the box beam 23, and a composite king-shaped rail is disposed on both sides of the sleeper 24.
  • the composite Wangzi rail consists of an upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and a lower inverted T-shaped rail 9.
  • the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 is a magnetically permeable material
  • the lower inverted T-shaped rail 9 is a non-magnetic material, which is welded into one.
  • the overall cross section is a king shape, and the section is along a straight line or a curved line.
  • a composite king rail that extends from the line.
  • a spacer 26 is disposed in the positioning groove at both ends of the sleeper 24, and two composite king rails are disposed in parallel at both ends of the sleeper 24, and the bottom plane of the rail bottom 8 of the inverted T-shaped rail 9 rests on the backing plate 26, the bottom of the rail
  • the two ends are fixed at both ends of the sleeper 24 by a pressure plate 27 and a fastener 22.
  • a track for laying a ⁇ -shaped composite I-shaped suspension rail and a traction coil 28 is shown in the present invention, wherein the traction coil 28 is a coreless traction coil.
  • a rail foundation embedded member 25 is disposed at both ends of the top of the roadbed or the box beam 23, and the backing plate 26 and the insulating seat 30 are disposed on the upper side, and the ⁇ -bottom composite I-shaped rail is laid on the two sides of the backing plate 26, and the two ⁇ -bottom composite type
  • the rails are arranged in parallel at the two ends of the track, and the ⁇ -bottom composite I-rail is composed of the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and the lower inverted ⁇ -type rail 10, the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 is a magnetic conductive material, and the lower inverted ⁇ -type Rail 10 is a non-magnetic material.
  • the upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and the lower inverted ⁇ -type rail 10 are completely continuous rails which are fixedly connected by welding or other joining process, and the section is a suspended rail extending in a straight line or a curved line.
  • the bottom plane of the rail bottom 8 of the inverted ⁇ -type rail 10 rests on the backing plate 26, and the ends of the rail bottom 8 are fixed at both ends of the rail by a pressing plate 27 and a fastener 22.
  • a vertical traction coil 28 is fixedly disposed at the center of the rail, and the traction coil 28 disposed in the vertical direction of the main coil plane is fixedly coupled to the center of the rail through the insulating seat 30.
  • FIG. 14 it is a track with a symmetric permanent magnet suspension system and a coreless linear motor of the present invention.
  • a sleeper 24 is provided on the top of the roadbed or box girder 23, and a composite king-shaped suspension rail is disposed on both sides of the sleeper 24.
  • a spacer 26 is disposed in the positioning groove of the two ends of the sleeper 24, and two composite king-shaped suspension rails are disposed in parallel at both ends of the sleeper 24, and the bottom plane of the rail bottom 8 abuts against the backing plate 26, and the two ends of the rail bottom 8 are pressed by the pressing plate 27
  • fasteners 22 are secured to the ends of the sleeper 24.
  • the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 opposite to the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the composite king word suspension rail, and the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 are adsorbed and disposed.
  • the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 are fixedly connected by an outer connecting bent plate 11.
  • the symmetrical permanent magnet suspension system and the composite Wangzi suspended rail adopt the principle of symmetric suction suspension: that is, the horizontal component of the bilaterally symmetric oblique magnetic attraction is just balanced with each other, and the combined force of the upward component forces together provides the upward suspension force.
  • Symmetrical suction suspension has the characteristics that the larger the offset is, the larger the suspension force is.
  • the gravity of the bearing object just has a position just balanced. This position is the equilibrium position, which can realize automatic balance without active control of the control system. It has the characteristics of self-sustaining suspension.
  • a horizontal positioning guide wheel 18 is further disposed between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 on both sides of the composite king word suspension rail, and the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 of the left and right permanent magnet suspension assemblies 15 are held.
  • the magnetic gap between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 on both sides of the composite king word suspension rail is equal to ensure that the lateral suspension forces on the left and right sides cancel each other out.
  • the guide wheel is The contact friction of the composite king-shaped suspension rail is very small, so that the effect of greatly reducing the frictional resistance is achieved.
  • Horizontal positioning guide wheels 18 are disposed on the left and right sides of each composite king word suspension rail.
  • the outer rim of the guide wheel 18 is on the guide surface 5 between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 on both sides of the composite king word suspension rail, and the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 prevent the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower portion
  • the yoke plate 3 is derailed at a high speed.
  • Figure 14 omits the body and suspension structure of the train.
  • the specific structure of the ironless linear motor is shown.
  • the traction coil 28 is disposed in the center of the track as a coreless traction coil, and the insulating seat 30 is fixedly disposed at the center of the sleeper 24.
  • the upper part of the insulating seat 30 is provided with a traction coil 28 arranged in the vertical direction of the main coil plane, and the traction coil 28 is iron-free traction.
  • the coils, both sides of the coreless traction coil 28 are fixedly coupled to the center of the sleeper 24 by a pressure plate 27 and a fastener 22.
  • a sensor 32 can also be provided on the insulating seat 30.
  • the traction permanent magnet 33 is symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the traction coil 28 from a certain magnetic gap.
  • the outer portion of the traction permanent magnet 33 is fixed on the magnetic conductive plate 31.
  • the magnetic conductive plate 31 and the traction permanent magnet 33 are connected to each other on the train.
  • the traction coils 28 at a certain distance together form a bilateral ironless linear permanent magnet motor.
  • the linear motor drive coil uses a coreless traction coil that eliminates the effects of lateral electromagnetic attraction while reducing iron loss and eddy current losses.
  • the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the traction permanent magnet 33 may also be alternately arranged in the traveling direction as NSNS.
  • the specific arrangement may be an equidistant parallel arrangement.
  • the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the traction permanent magnet 33 may also be a HARBACH array permanent magnet, that is, the magnetization direction of the magnetic field in the vertical direction of the traveling direction is ⁇ , and the HALBACH array traction permanent magnet 33 has the strongest single-sided magnetic field.
  • the characteristic is that the direction of the maximum magnetic field strength is directed to the coreless traction coil, and the magnetic conductive plate 31 can be made of a non-magnetic material.
  • a composite I-shaped suspension rail 1 equipped with a core linear motor is the present invention.
  • a sleeper 24 is disposed on the top of the roadbed or box girder 23, and ⁇ -bottom composite I-shaped suspension rails are disposed on both sides of the sleeper 24.
  • the ⁇ -bottom composite I-rail consists of an upper I-shaped suspension rail 1 and a lower inverted ⁇ -type rail 10, the upper I-beam is a magnetically permeable material, and the lower inverted ⁇ -type rail 10 is a non-magnetic material.
  • the two vertical plates 7 on the upper portion of the inverted ⁇ -type rail 10 are welded to the bottom of the lower yoke plate 3 of the upper continuous I-beam 1.
  • a spacer 26 is disposed in the positioning groove at both ends of the sleeper 24, and two composite I-shaped suspension rails are disposed in parallel at both ends of the sleeper 24, and the bottom plane of the rail bottom 8 abuts against the backing plate 26, and the two ends of the rail bottom 8 are pressed by the pressing plate 27 And fasteners 22 are secured to the ends of the sleeper 24.
  • FIG. 15 shows the specific structure of a symmetric suction suspension system.
  • the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 opposite to the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the ⁇ -bottom composite I-shaped rail, and the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 are adsorbed.
  • a suspension permanent magnet 13 is provided, and the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 and the floating permanent magnet 13 constitute a permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 which is generally C-shaped.
  • the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 are fixedly connected by an outer connecting bent plate 11.
  • a magnetically permeable base 36 with good magnetic permeability is also disposed between the floating permanent magnets 13.
  • the floating permanent magnet 13 and the intermediate magnetic base 36 between the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 constitute an overall C-shaped permanent magnet suspension assembly 15.
  • the magnetic gap between the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 of the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 on both sides is equal to the magnetic gap between the wing 4 and the lower yoke 3 on both sides of the ⁇ -bottom composite rail.
  • a magnetic conductive plate 31 is disposed on the magnetic conductive base 36 of the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 on both sides, and a traction permanent magnet 33 is disposed on the magnetic conductive plate 31.
  • a linear motor coil winding 35 is also disposed between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 on the outer side of the ⁇ -bottom composite I-rail on both sides.
  • the left and right linear motor coil windings 35 maintain an equal magnetic gap with the traction permanent magnets 33.
  • the linear motor coil winding 35 is a core driving coil, and a magnet core 34 is attached to the outside of the coil, and the magnetic core 34 is fixedly connected between the outer yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 outside the ⁇ -bottom composite rail. Can also pass The edge plate 29 is electrically insulated from the ⁇ -bottom composite I-rail.
  • the linear motor coil windings 35 can be symmetrically disposed on both sides of the ⁇ -bottom composite rail, as shown on the left side of FIG.
  • the linear motor coil winding 35 can also be disposed on one side of the ⁇ -bottom composite rail and symmetrically disposed with the linear motor coil winding 35 of the other rail.
  • the linear motor coil windings 35 may also employ a coreless traction coil 28 having a main coil plane disposed in a vertical direction and electrically insulated from the ⁇ -bottom composite rail by an insulating plate 29.
  • a horizontal positioning guide wheel 18 is disposed between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 on the inner side of the ⁇ -bottom composite I-shaped rail.
  • the axle 21 and the bearing and the bearing seat 20 are mounted on both sides of the guide wheel 18 to maintain the permanent magnet suspension on the left and right sides.
  • the magnetic gap between the upper yoke plate 12 and the lower magnetic concentrating plate 14 of the assembly 15 and the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 on both sides of the ⁇ -bottom composite I-rail are equal, and the linear motor coils on the left and right sides are ensured.
  • the windings 35 maintain an equal magnetic gap with the traction permanent magnets 33 such that the lateral forces substantially cancel each other out.
  • the guide surface of the horizontal positioning guide wheel 18 may be disposed between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the ⁇ -bottom composite rail.
  • the guide surface of the horizontal positioning guide wheel 18 may also be disposed on the side of the upper yoke plate 2 or the lower yoke plate 3 of the ⁇ -bottom composite I-rail.
  • the guide wheel 18 can have a rim, as shown in Figure 15, the rim is disposed above the upper yoke plate 2, which provides the remaining load bearing force when overloaded or occasionally overloaded.
  • the guide wheels 18 can have double rims at each end.
  • the iron core permanent magnet linear motor adopts the left and right symmetrical mounting structure, and the electromagnetic attraction of the iron core permanent magnet linear motor will cancel each other to the left and right, and the automatic balance can still be realized, and the remaining upward pulling force can also provide the suspension force, and this structure is beneficial to play.
  • the advantage of the large thrust of the iron core permanent magnet motor can also make the center of the track more compact.
  • the upper magnetic plate 12 and the lower magnetic plate 14 and the magnetic pedestal 36 of the ⁇ -bottom composite I-rail and permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 are wrapped outside the linear motor coil winding 35 to help eliminate external electromagnetic radiation.
  • the permanent magnet suspension system is further improved, and the suspended rail adopts a combination of an upper type suspended rail 1 and a lower earth type rail.
  • the suspension rail can adopt the above various variants. , not limited to this)
  • an upper stabilizing arm 55 is disposed on one side of the connecting curved plate 11
  • a lower stabilizing arm 63 is disposed on an opposite side of the connecting curved plate 11 on the other side floating rail.
  • Two equal length links 54 are disposed in parallel between the stabilizing arm 55 and the lower stabilizing arm 63, and the two parallel links 54 between the upper stabilizing arm 55 and the lower stabilizing arm 63 form mutually stable parallelograms a middle portion and a lower portion of the connecting curved plate 11 are provided with a bearing bracket 62.
  • the bearing bracket 62 is provided with an axle and a guide wheel 18, and a guiding surface of the guiding wheel 18 is disposed outside the I-shaped suspension rail 1 (and the soil word) The upper part of the wing on both sides of the rail).
  • the permanent magnet suspension system 16 can be guided by the guide wheels 18 to be positioned on both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 and maintain a magnetic gap equal to each other.
  • a magnetic core 34 having a linear motor coil winding 35 is disposed on both sides of the earth-shaped rail, and traction permanent magnets 33 with a magnet slider 57 connected to the telescopic mechanism 56 are disposed on both sides of the magnetic core 34.
  • the traction permanent magnet 33 and the connecting curved plate 11 are connected to a train (not shown) through an air spring 61, and the train is started, accelerated or decelerated by a bilateral linear electric motor.
  • the suspended rail is combined with the I-shaped suspension rail 1 and the inverted T-shaped rail 9 with the upper arched table 6 in combination.
  • the guide wheel 18 is disposed on both sides of the inverted T-shaped rail 9 through the bearing bracket 62, and is connected to the motor 64 through the axle 63 and the coupling, and a force increasing mechanism is further disposed on the side of the connecting curved plate 11. 65.
  • the bearing bracket 62 is connected to the boosting mechanism, and the force increasing mechanism 54 controls the contact pressure of the adjusting guide wheel 18 to the guiding surface 5 of the suspended rail.
  • the guide wheel 18 is driven by the motor 64 to drive the starting, accelerating or decelerating movement of the train; the upper part of the connecting curved plate 11 is further provided with an air spring 61 for balancing the stable train.
  • the upper end of the connecting curved plate 11 is further provided with an auxiliary supporting wheel 66, which can be used to bear the extra load when the load of the train 38 is too large, so as to ensure that the permanent magnet suspension system 16 does not fall off when the train is instantaneously overloaded, and has overload capacity and ensures driving safety. .
  • FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 it is a composite king-shaped rail permanent magnet floating track and a permanent magnet floating wheel rail train track system of the present invention.
  • a sleeper 24 is provided on the top of the roadbed or box girder 23, and a composite king rail is disposed on both sides of the sleeper 24.
  • a spacer 26 is disposed in the positioning groove at both ends of the sleeper 24, and two composite king rails are disposed in parallel at both ends of the sleeper 24, and the bottom plane of the rail bottom 8 of the composite king rail is placed on the backing plate 26, and the bottom 8 of the rail Both ends are fixed to the ends of the sleeper 24 by a pressure plate 27 and a fastener 22, and the train 38 is driven on the track.
  • the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 opposite to the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 are respectively disposed on both sides of the composite king-shaped rail, and the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 are adsorbed and disposed.
  • the floating permanent magnet 13, the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 and the floating permanent magnet 13 constitute a C-type permanent magnet suspension assembly 15, and the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 are connected by an external connecting bent plate 11 Fixed connection.
  • the permanent magnet suspension system on both sides and the oblique attraction of the composite Wangzi rail are balanced with each other, and only the upward levitation force has the characteristic of no-stable self-sustaining suspension.
  • Horizontal guide wheels 18 having a vertical axis are also provided on the left and right sides of the train 38, and the guide wheels 18 are connected to the bottom of the train by the axles 21.
  • a horizontal positioning guide wheel 18 is disposed between the left and right composite king rails, and the axle 21 and the bearing and the bearing housing 20 are mounted on both sides of the guide wheel 18.
  • the traction coil 28 is disposed in the center of the track as a coreless traction coil, and the insulating seat 30 is disposed at the center of the sleeper 24.
  • the upper part of the insulating seat 30 is provided with a coreless traction coil arranged in a vertical direction of the main coil plane, and two coreless traction coils.
  • the side is fixedly coupled to the center of the sleeper 24 by a pressure plate 27 and a fastener 22.
  • a sensor 32 is disposed on the central insulating seat 30 of the sleeper 24 to sense the position and speed of the train.
  • the left and right sides of the iron-free traction coil are equidistantly disposed at a distance from the traction permanent magnet 33, and the outer portion of the traction permanent magnet 33 is fixed on the magnetic conductive plate 31.
  • the magnetic conductive plate 31 and the traction permanent magnet 33 are separated from each other by a certain distance.
  • the ironless traction coils together form a bilateral ironless linear permanent magnet motor.
  • the traction permanent magnet 33 and the outer magnetic conductive plate 31 are fixedly coupled to the bottom bogie 39 of the train to drive the train.
  • FIG. 18 it is a permanent magnet floating track and a vacuum pipe permanent magnet floating train track system for laying a composite king-shaped rail.
  • a vacuum conduit 40 is installed at the top of the subgrade or box girder 23, and the pressure within the vacuum conduit 40 is only 1/100 of the standard atmospheric pressure. Since the track frictional resistance is very small, the air resistance is also very small, it can reach very high speed, and it is significantly energy-saving.
  • a horizontal flat plate is arranged at the bottom of the vacuum pipe 40, and the rail base embedded parts 25 are arranged at both ends of the flat plate, and the upper part is provided
  • the pad 26 is provided with a composite I-shaped rail on both sides of the pad 26, and two composite I-beams are arranged in parallel at both ends of the track, and the bottom plane of the rail bottom 8 of the composite king-shaped rail rests on the pad 26, the rail
  • the bottom 8 is fixed at both ends of the rail by a pressure plate 27 and a fastener 22, and the high-speed maglev train 38 is driven on the rail.
  • the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 opposite to the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 are respectively disposed on both sides of the composite king-shaped rail, and the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 are adsorbed and disposed.
  • the floating permanent magnet 13, the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 and the floating permanent magnet 13 constitute a permanent magnet suspension assembly 15, and the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 of the permanent magnet floating assembly 15 are connected by an outer connecting bent plate 11 Fixed connection.
  • the two sets of permanent magnet suspension assemblies 15 and the outer connecting curved plates 11 are symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the rail.
  • Horizontal guide wheels 18 having a vertical axis are also disposed on the left and right sides of the train 38.
  • the guide wheels 18 are connected to the bottom bogie 39 of the train by bearings and bearing housings 20.
  • the embodiment of Figure 18 provides horizontal positioning guide wheels 18 between the composite king rails on the left and right sides.
  • the center of the track is provided with a traction coil 28 as a coreless traction coil, and an insulation seat 30 is arranged at the center of the track.
  • the upper part of the insulation seat 30 is provided with a coreless traction coil arranged in a vertical direction of the main coil plane, and the two sides of the ironless traction coil are The pressure plate 27 and the fastener 22 are fixedly coupled to the center of the rail.
  • the left and right sides of the iron-free traction coil are equidistantly disposed at a distance from the traction permanent magnet 33, and the outer portion of the traction permanent magnet 33 is fixed on the magnetic conductive plate 31.
  • the magnetic conductive plate 31 and the traction permanent magnet 33 are separated from each other by a certain distance.
  • the ironless traction coils together form a bilateral ironless linear permanent magnet motor.
  • the traction permanent magnet 33 and the outer magnetic conductive plate 31 are fixedly coupled to the bottom bogie 39 of the train to drive the train.
  • the wing plate 41 is symmetrically disposed between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 and the left and right sides of the waist plate. Rails.
  • the number of the wings 41 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 can also be two pairs and two or more pairs, so that different suspension bearing capacities can be obtained for use in different bearing capacities.
  • FIG. 19 it is a permanent magnet suspension train track system of the ⁇ -bottom composite glyph suspension rail of the present invention.
  • a pair of wing plates 41 are symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the waist plate between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 on both sides, and the number of the wings 41 is two.
  • the number of the magnetic collecting plates and the number of the floating permanent magnets 13 in the corresponding permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 are also increased by a pair, that is, two pairs of floating permanent magnets 13 are adsorbed between the three pairs of magnetic collecting plates.
  • a sleeper 24 is disposed on the top of the roadbed or box girder 23, and a ⁇ -bottom composite gemstone rail is disposed on both sides of the sleeper 24.
  • the ⁇ -bottom composite gemstone rail 1 is composed of an upper king rail 1 and a lower inverted ⁇ rail 10, the upper king rail is a magnetic conductive material, and the lower inverted ⁇ rail 10 is a non-magnetic material.
  • the two vertical plates 7 on the upper portion of the inverted ⁇ -type rail 10 are welded and fixedly coupled to the bottom of the lower yoke plate 3 of the upper continuous stile rail.
  • a spacer 26 is disposed in the positioning groove at both ends of the sleeper 24, and two composite Guizi rails are disposed in parallel at both ends of the sleeper 24, and the bottom plane of the rail bottom 8 of the composite Wangzi rail rests on the backing plate 26, and the bottom 8 of the rail Both ends are fixed to the ends of the sleeper 24 by a pressure plate 27 and a fastener 22, and the train 38 is driven on the track.
  • An upper magnetic collecting plate 12 opposite to the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 and the wing plate 41 is disposed on both sides of the composite glyph rail.
  • the lower magnetic plate 14, the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 are respectively provided with a floating permanent magnet 13, and the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 and the floating permanent magnet 13 constitute an overall E type.
  • the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15, the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 are fixedly connected by an external connecting bent plate 11.
  • the center of the track is also provided with a bilaterally symmetrical linear motor coil winding 35.
  • the outer portion of the linear motor coil winding 35 is provided with a conductive core 34, and the conductive core 34 is fixedly connected to the vertical rail riser 42 in the middle of the track. Above, it is electrically insulated from the rail riser 42 by the insulating plate 29.
  • a traction permanent magnet 33 is disposed at the center of the bottom of the train 38, and the left and right linear motor coil windings 35 and the magnetic conductor core 34 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the traction permanent magnet 33 at equal intervals.
  • the left and right linear motor coil windings 35 and the magnetic conductive core 34 maintain the same magnetic gap with the traction permanent magnet 33, and together form a core linear traction motor to drive the traction train.
  • the composite I-shaped suspension rail of the present invention can be placed upside down.
  • FIG. 20 it is a hanging type I-track of the present invention.
  • a sleeper 24 is disposed at a lower portion of the roadbed or the box girder 23, and the vertical plate 42 is protruded downwardly from both sides of the sleeper 24.
  • the two I-shaped suspended rails 1 are disposed in parallel on the bottom plane of the vertical plate 42, and the upper plane of the I-shaped suspended rail 1 is disposed.
  • the connecting holes are fixed to both ends of the rail by fasteners 22, and the traveling train 38 is suspended upside down on the rail.
  • a linear motor coil winding 35 is disposed below the center of the track.
  • the linear motor coil winding 35 is a core driving coil, and a magnetic core 34 is attached to the outside of the linear motor coil winding 35, and the magnetic conductive core 34 is fixedly connected between the vertical plates 42 on both sides of the center of the rail.
  • Two iron core linear motor coil windings 35 are symmetrically disposed along the center of the track.
  • the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 opposite to the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 are respectively disposed on both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail 1, and the adsorption between the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 is set.
  • the permanent magnet suspension system on both sides and the oblique attraction of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 are balanced with each other, and only the upward levitation force has the characteristics of self-sustaining suspension.
  • Horizontal guide wheels 18 having a vertical axis are also provided on the left and right sides of the train, and the guide wheels 18 are mounted on the top of the train by the axles 21.
  • horizontal positioning guide wheels 18 are arranged between the left and right side of the I-shaped suspension rails 1, and the axles 21 and the bearing housings 20 are mounted on both sides of the guide wheels 18.
  • the outer rim of the horizontal positioning guide wheel 18 contacts or approaches the guide surface 5 between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-beam 1, keeping the magnetic gaps 17 on the left and right sides substantially equal.
  • a traction permanent magnet 33 is disposed on the top of the train 38.
  • the left and right sides of the traction permanent magnet 33 are equal to the magnetic gap 17 of the iron core linear motor coil winding 35.
  • the bottom of the traction permanent magnet 33 is fixed on the train, and the traction permanent magnet 33 is spaced from the two sides.
  • the linear motor coil winding 35 with a certain magnetic gap and the iron core 34 together constitute a bilateral iron core linear permanent magnet motor, and the traction train travels.
  • FIG. 21 is an L-type dual-channel integrated rapid permanent magnet suspension train rail transit system of the present invention.
  • a steel L-shaped bracket 49 is erected on the ramps on both sides of the urban road with high pedestrian density.
  • the top of the L-shaped bracket 49 extends to the road side, and the foundation or box beam 23 is laid on the top of the column, and the upper part of the box beam 23 is laid tight.
  • the vacuum pipe 40 and the vacuum pipe 40 are provided with a permanent magnetic suspension track system of a composite king-shaped rail as shown in Fig. 18. Two composite I-beams are arranged in parallel on both sides of the track, and the high-speed maglev train 38 is driven on the track to form a vacuum pipe. Permanent magnet suspension train track system.
  • the air pressure in the vacuum line 40 is only 1/15-1/1000 of the standard atmospheric pressure, which can reach very high speed.
  • an inverted king-shaped rail is laid in the lower part of the extended beam track of the L-shaped bracket 49, and the Wang-shaped rail is entirely made of a magnetic-shaped Wang-shaped rail, and permanent magnet suspension is respectively arranged on both sides of the Wang-shaped rail.
  • the assembly 15, the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 is fixed to the top bogie 39 of the train 38, forming an upward levitation force with the king rail, and the suspension train 38 traveling on the rail.
  • a core linear permanent magnet motor is symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the upper waist plate 4 of the king rail, and the linear motor coil winding 35 and the magnetic core 34 of the iron core linear permanent magnet motor are electrically insulated from the waist plate 4 by the insulating plate 29.
  • the top of the train 38 is provided with a traction permanent magnet 33 at a certain distance from the side of the magnetic conductive core 34.
  • the left and right linear motor coil windings 35 and the magnetic conductive core 34 and the traction permanent magnet 33 maintain a magnetic gap equal to each other to form a core linear traction motor. , traction train driving.
  • the hanging track train is suspended in the upper space of the ground transportation vehicle.
  • FIG. 23 it is a T-type four-channel fast maglev track integrated transportation system of the present invention.
  • a steel T-shaped bracket 51 is erected on the green belt in the center of the wide road of the densely populated metropolis.
  • the top of the T-shaped bracket 51 is extended to the both sides to lay the foundation or box girder 23, and the upper part of the box girder 23 is laid with a closed vacuum duct 40.
  • the permanent magnet suspension train track system of the composite Wangzi rail is laid in the vacuum pipe 40.
  • Two composite Wangzi rails are arranged in parallel on both sides of the track, and the high-speed maglev train 38 is driven on the track to form a vacuum pipe permanent magnet suspension train track system.
  • the lower part of the box girder 23 is provided with a permanent magnet floating track of the inverted Wangzi rail.
  • Two king-shaped rails are arranged in parallel on both sides of the track.
  • the Wangzi rail can adopt the Wangzi rail of the whole magnetic conductive material, and also adopts the I-shaped suspension rail 1 .
  • the train 38 is suspended on the track, and the bilateral iron-free linear permanent magnet motor is arranged in the middle to drive the train.
  • the hanging rail train is suspended in the upper space of more than 2 meters above the ground. It can travel quickly across the bus and the upper part of the car without interfering with the ground bus system. It can make full use of the space above the ground and form different speeds with the ground space. Gradient transport system.
  • the ground bus is driving at a speed of less than 50 kilometers per hour.
  • the T-type four-channel underlying hanging rail Airbus runs at an hourly speed of 80 kilometers per hour.
  • the distance between the stations is 1-2 kilometers, and the passengers are absorbed in large numbers.
  • the upper vacuum pipeline super-high-speed train travels at a speed of 200 km/h in the urban area. After exiting the urban area, it travels at a speed of 1200 km or less between the suburbs of the city.
  • the distance between stations is 100-200 km, forming a full-scale multi-speed gradient fast transport.
  • the system has more transportation capacity than existing subway and high-speed rail transportation systems.
  • FIG. 39 it is an L-type hanging rail maglev train track system of the present invention.
  • a steel L-shaped bracket 59 is erected on the ramps on both sides of the urban road.
  • the top of the L-shaped bracket 59 is provided with a cross beam 60 extending toward the road side, and the bottom of the cross beam 60 is laid with a rail plate, and two lower ends of the rail plate are laid with two inverted
  • the suspension rail, the suspension rail adopts a king-shaped rail of a magnetic conductive material as a whole, and a permanent magnet suspension component 15 is respectively disposed on both sides of the king rail, and the permanent magnet suspension component 15 is softly connected to the train bogie at the top of the suspension train 38 through the air spring 61.
  • the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 is symmetrically disposed to form an upward levitation force on both sides of the king rail, and the suspension train 38 travels on the rail.
  • a guide wheel 18 is symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the upper waist plate 4 of the I-beam of the king-shaped rail, and the guide wheel 18 is mounted on the top of the suspension train 38.
  • the outer rim of the horizontal positioning guide wheel 18 contacts or approaches the guide surface 5 on both sides of the waist plate 4 of the king rail, keeping the magnetic gaps on the left and right sides substantially equal and stable.
  • An insulating column 58 is disposed on both sides of the waist plate 4 of the king-shaped rail, and the insulating post 58 is fixedly connected to the insulating rail 52.
  • the top of the train 38 is provided with a motor 64.
  • the top of the train 38 is also provided with a pantograph 68.
  • the pantograph 68 is in sliding contact with the conductor rail 52 to conduct the rail power to the motor 64.
  • the motor 64 drives the guide wheel 18 to guide when it needs to walk.
  • the wheel 18 is increased in contact pressure with the guide surface 5 by the boosting mechanism 65, and the guide wheel 18 is driven by the motor 64 to drive the rotary traction train 38 on the track.
  • the force-increasing mechanism 65 connected to the bearing and the bearing housing 20 on both sides of the guide wheel 18 withdraws the pressure, and the guide wheel 18 slightly contacts the guide surface 5 on both sides of the waist plate 4 of the king-shaped rail, which is low. Rubbing forwards.
  • the extended structure of the present invention is as follows:
  • the I-shaped suspension rail 1 can be split into a symmetrical groove rail 47, and the Wang-shaped rail can be split into a symmetrical E-shaped rail 45, which is equivalent to the structure of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 and the Wang-shaped rail.
  • the E-shaped rail 45 has an E-shaped cross section, and the E-shaped rail is composed of an upper yoke plate 2, a middle wing plate 41, a lower yoke plate 3, and a side waist plate 4.
  • the upper yoke plate 2, the lower yoke plate 3, and the middle wing plate 41 have the same length, and the end faces are in the same plane.
  • the groove type rail 47 has a " ⁇ type" in cross section, and the groove type rail is composed of a vertical rail waist 4 and a horizontal upper yoke plate 2 and a lower yoke plate 3.
  • the upper and lower portions of the flat end of the vertical rail waist 4 are provided with a positioning table 44 which is convex toward the outside, and the side of the rail waist 4 between the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 is provided with a guiding surface 5, a guiding surface
  • the surface of 5 is a plane or a curved surface.
  • the positioning hole 44 can be provided at the position of the positioning table 44 and the rail waist 4 to facilitate the fixed connection.
  • FIG. 27 it is a track for laying a grooved rail or an E-shaped rail of the present invention.
  • a sleeper 24 is disposed on the top of the roadbed or box girder 23, and the riser 42 is protruded upward from both sides of the sleeper 24.
  • both ends of the riser 42 are provided with grooved rails 47 back to back.
  • the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the grooved rail 47 are horizontally disposed outward, and the waist plate 4 is fixed to the vertical plate 42 at both ends of the sleeper 24 by fasteners 22.
  • both ends of the vertical plate 42 are provided with an E-shaped rail 45 back to back, and the upper yoke plate 2, the wing plate 41 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the E-shaped rail 45 are horizontally disposed outward, and the waist plate 4 is fastened.
  • the member 22 is fixed to the vertical plate 42 at both ends of the sleeper 24.
  • a vertical ironless drive coil is disposed in the center of the track, and the coreless traction coil 28 of the main coil in the vertical direction is fixedly coupled to the center of the sleeper 24 through the insulating seat 30.
  • Fig. 28 it is a track for laying a groove type rail.
  • a sleeper 24 is disposed on the top of the roadbed or the box beam 23.
  • Four vertical plates 42 are protruded upwardly from opposite sides of the sleeper 24.
  • the connecting surface of the vertical plate 42 is fixedly connected to the waist plate 4 provided with the grooved steel rail 47, and the two grooved steel rails 47 are oppositely opened. Fastened by fasteners 22 to the risers 42 at the ends of the sleeper 24.
  • the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the two grooved rails 47 are horizontally outward and are open to each other in pairs, at a distance.
  • Fig. 29 it is a symmetrical groove type track with a core linear motor of the present invention.
  • the distance between the two back-to-back channel rails 47 can be increased at both ends of the rail, that is, the sleepers 24 are disposed on the top of the roadbed or the box beam 23, and the vertical mounting faces are provided on both sides of the sleeper 24.
  • Two channel rails 47 are placed back to back Both ends of the sleeper 24, the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 are horizontally disposed outward, and the waist plate 4 is fixed to both ends of the sleeper 24 by fasteners 22.
  • a convex guide positioning surface 5 is provided on the back of the waist plate 4.
  • the waist plate 4 of the grooved rail 47 is fixedly provided with a conductor core 34 and a linear motor coil winding 35 by a fastener 22, and the linear motor coil winding 35 and the core 7 of the core in the grooved rail 47 are disposed on the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke Between the plates 3, the left and right sides are symmetrically disposed at both ends of the track.
  • the symmetric permanent magnet suspension system of the present invention may also be of the following structure:
  • the I-shaped suspension rail 1 is arranged in the middle, and the I-shaped suspension rail 1 is a magnetic conductive material, and the I-shaped suspension rail 1 is composed of an upper yoke plate 2 and a lower yoke plate 3 and a waist plate 4 vertically disposed in the middle.
  • the waist plate 4 connects the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 in a central position, and the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the I-shaped suspension rail 1.
  • the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 is composed of a magnetic conductive plate 31 and suspended permanent magnets at the upper and lower ends.
  • the magnetic field direction of the floating permanent magnet 13 is horizontally disposed, and may also form a certain angle with the horizontal plane, the angle is between 0-60 degrees, and the magnetic conductive plate 31 is fixedly connected by the external connecting curved plate 11.
  • the end face distance of the floating permanent magnet 13 at the upper and lower ends of the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 is equal to the distance between the upper yoke plate 2 and the end faces of the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1.
  • the left and right end faces of the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 of the left and right permanent magnet suspension assemblies 15 are equal to the magnetic gaps 17 of the left and right end faces of the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-beam 1, and the left and right permanent magnet suspension assemblies
  • the magnetic attraction of the 15 pairs of I-shaped suspended rails 1 is equal, and the left and right magnetic force components cancel each other out, only the upward levitation force.
  • a floating permanent magnet 13 is disposed at a slightly downward position in the center of the lower opening of the C-shaped rail 48.
  • the magnetic field direction of the floating permanent magnet 13 is horizontal or vertical, and the left and right end faces of the floating permanent magnet 13 are C-shaped.
  • the magnetic gaps 17 of the open end faces of the rails 48 are equal.
  • the upper and lower double-layer guide wheels 18 are slidably coupled with the floating permanent magnets 13, and the outer edges are in contact with or close to the left and right side walls of the C-shaped rails 48.
  • the left and right magnetic attraction of the C-shaped rail 48 to the intermediate suspended permanent magnet 13 is just equal, and the left and right magnetic forces cancel each other out, and only the upward levitation force.
  • I-shaped rails are arranged in parallel on both sides of the bottom of the roadbed or box girder 23, and the lower yoke plate 3 extends into the rail bottom 8.
  • a spacer 26 is disposed in the positioning groove at both ends of the bottom of the subgrade or the box beam 23.
  • the bottom plane of the rail bottom 8 of the two I-beams rests on the backing plate 26, and the end of the rail bottom 8 is composed of a pressing plate 27 and a fastener 22 Fixed at both ends of the track, the traveling train 38 is hung on the track.
  • the L-shaped upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the floating permanent magnet 13 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the rail head 6 of the inverted I-beam, and the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 is L-shaped and has a downward convex shape.
  • the boss 19 of the magnetic plate is arranged, the lower portion of the boss 19 of the magnetic plate is adsorbed by the floating permanent magnet 13, and the lower portion of the floating permanent magnet 13 is attracted to the lower magnetic plate 14.
  • the L-shaped upper magnetic plate 12 and the floating permanent magnet 13 are arranged on both sides.
  • the lower collecting magnetic plate 14 is connected as an open C-shaped permanent magnet suspension assembly 15.
  • the side surface of the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 of the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 is equal to the magnetic distance 17 between the left and right sides of the rail head 6 of the I-shaped rail, and the left and right magnetic force components cancel each other, and only the upward floating force exists.
  • the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the rail head 6 of the inverted I-beam, the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 is U-shaped, and the U-shaped upper magnetic collecting plate 12 is open toward the I-shaped rail.
  • the upper end surface is adjacent to both end faces of the rail head 6 of the I-beam, and the floating permanent magnet 13 is disposed between the end faces of the lower boss 19.
  • the U-shaped upper magnetic collecting plate 12 of the I-shaped rail is connected to the lower floating permanent magnet 13 as an open-up C-shaped permanent magnet suspension assembly 15.
  • the side surface of the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 of the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 is equal to the magnetic gap 17 on the left and right sides of the rail head 6 of the I-shaped rail.
  • the upper bending arm 43 of the train 38 is disposed above the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 to provide a magnetic conductive plate 31, and the magnetic conductive plate 31 is provided with a traction permanent magnet 33.
  • a guide magnet core 34 is disposed on the outer side of the waist plate 4 of the I-shaped rails on both sides, and the linear motor coil winding 35 is embedded in the core of the conductive core 34.
  • the left and right linear motor coil windings 35 and the magnetic conductor core 34 are symmetrically disposed on the outer side of the I-beam relative to the track.
  • the left and right magnetic cores 34 and the traction permanent magnets 33 can maintain an equal magnetic gap, which is limited by the positioning of the left and right horizontal guide wheels 18 inside the I-beams on both sides.
  • the magnet core 34 and the waist plate 4 of the I-beam are electrically insulated from the I-beam by an insulating plate 29.
  • the magnetic conductive plate 31 and the traction permanent magnet 33 together with the linear motor coil winding 35 and the magnetic conductive core 34 at a distance from each other constitute a single-sided iron core linear permanent magnet motor, and the traction train travels.
  • the aforementioned traction permanent magnet 33 and the magnetic conductive plate 31 may be slidably coupled to the train 38 via an adjustment mechanism or mounted on the bogie 39 of the train to facilitate adjustment of the magnetic gap of the traction motor.
  • the aforementioned horizontal guide wheel 18 and the axle 21 are slidably coupled to the train 38 by an adjustment mechanism or mounted on the bogie 39 of the train to facilitate adjustment of the gap between the horizontal guide wheel 18 and the rail to adjust the magnetic force of the left and right permanent magnet suspension assemblies 15. Clearance 17.
  • the distance between the upper magnetic collecting plate 12 and the lower magnetic collecting plate 14 of the permanent magnet suspension assembly 15 and the upper yoke plate 2 and the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 may not necessarily be strictly equal, in order to obtain the required Suspension effect.
  • a wear plate is provided on the guide surface 5 between the waist plate 4, the upper yoke plate 2, and the lower yoke plate 3 of the I-shaped suspension rail 1 and the wing plate 41 to extend the service life.

Abstract

一种悬浮钢轨（1）、应用该悬浮钢轨（1）设置的永磁悬浮轨道、在悬浮钢轨（1）两侧设置永磁悬浮组件（15）构成永磁悬浮轨道系统（16），以及列车在其上行走构成的永磁悬浮列车系统。永磁悬浮组件（15）有上下集磁板（12,14）及悬浮永磁体（13）组成，与悬浮钢轨（1）的上下轭板（2,3）的左右端面的磁力间隙（17）相等。列车（38）在与轨道配合悬浮运行时，通过列车（38）的左右两侧设置的水平导向轮（18），轨道设置直线电机的牵引线圈与列车上的牵引永磁体（33）构成双边永磁直线电机高效牵引列车，建设成安全、超高速、节能的新型轨道交通系统。

Description

永磁悬浮列车轨道系统 技术领域
本发明涉及轨道交通技术领域，具体涉及永磁悬浮列车轨道系统，尤其是用于中低速地铁和城市快速轨道交通系统和真空管道超高速列车及轨道系统。
背景技术
现有技术存在的主要问题有：EMS电磁悬浮系统和电磁导向系统需要复杂的主动控制系统，列车重量大，耗能高，结构复杂。超导电动悬浮列车采用低温超导系统悬浮存在明显的电磁辐射，结构更复杂，同时在低速下需要橡胶轮子支撑，成本更高。中低速磁浮列车结构简单，但悬浮能耗高，采用直线异步感应电机，轨道顶面铺设铜板或铝板与车底异步电机的驱动效率非常低。
轮轨列车结构简单，应用历史长，但开放式轮轨结构随时有可能脱轨的安全隐患，另外车轮轴承在高速和重载下磨损严重，需要经常换修维护，能耗大，使用寿命低，高速下黏着系数低，传动和降速困难，虽然一次性基建成本低，但后期运行维护成本很高。
发明内容
长期以来人们一直在孜孜不倦地寻找着一种能够同时克服上述技术中存在的不足的新型轨道交通技术。本发明旨在应用现有的成熟技术的基础上提出一种新型结构的磁浮列车技术，公开一种结构简单、成本低、效率高、无电磁辐射污染的永磁悬浮列车轨道系统，用于中低速地铁和城市快速轨道交通系统和真空管道超高速列车及轨道系统，既安全又经济节能的高性价比的轨道交通系统。
本发明采用的技术手段如下：
一种悬浮钢轨，其特征在于，所述悬浮钢轨为整体截面为工字型的工字悬浮钢轨，其材料为导磁材料，所述工字悬浮钢轨由上轭板和下轭板及竖直设置在中间的腰板组成，所述腰板将所述上轭板和所述下轭板在中部位置连接成一体，所述上轭板的顶部的表面为平面或弧面或凸出的拱形台；当所述上轭板的顶部的表面为弧面或拱形台时称为轨头，所述上轭板和所述下轭板的左右宽度和厚度基本相等，所述悬浮钢轨的截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成工字钢轨。
进一步地，所述悬浮钢轨的下部还设有支撑钢轨，所述支撑钢轨为倒T型钢轨，所述工字悬浮钢轨为导磁材料，所述倒T型钢轨为非导磁材料，所述工字悬浮钢轨设置在上部，所述倒T型钢轨设置在下部，所述倒T型钢轨为完整连续的钢轨或每间隔一段距离与所述工字悬浮钢轨固定连接成截面为王字型的钢轨；当所述倒T型钢轨为导磁材料时，所述工字悬浮钢轨和所述倒T型钢轨设置成一体式王字结构；所述悬浮钢轨的截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的王字钢轨。
进一步地，所述悬浮钢轨的下部还设有支撑钢轨，所述支撑钢轨为倒π型钢轨，所述工字悬浮钢轨为导磁材料，所述倒π型钢轨为非导磁材料或导磁材料，所述工字悬浮钢轨 设置在上部，所述倒π型钢轨设置在下部，所述倒π型钢轨为完整连续的钢轨或每间隔一段距离与上部的工字悬浮钢轨固定连接在一起。
进一步地，所述悬浮钢轨的下部还设有支撑钢轨，所述支撑钢轨为工字钢轨，所述工字悬浮钢轨为导磁材料，所述工字钢轨为非导磁材料或导磁材料，所述工字悬浮钢轨设置在上部，所述工字钢轨设置在下部，所述工字钢轨的平板等于或短于所述工字悬浮钢轨，所述工字钢轨为完整连续的钢轨或每间隔一段距离与所述工字悬浮钢轨固定连接在一起。
进一步地，所述工字悬浮钢轨的腰板中部设置有左右对称的翼板，所述翼板的数量为一对或一对以上。
进一步地，所述悬浮钢轨的上轭板或下轭板或腰板或翼板或支撑钢轨的立板的两侧设置导向面，导向面为平面或弧面；所述悬浮钢轨的上轭板和下轭板或翼板的上下面是平面或设置斜度。
进一步地，所述悬浮钢轨的下部还设有支撑钢轨，所述支撑钢轨为土字钢轨，所述土字钢轨可以由工字钢轨演变而来，将工字钢轨的腰板凸出并延伸至上轭板的上部，上轭板演变成翼板，下轭板延伸成轨底。所述工字悬浮钢轨为导磁材料，所述土字钢轨为非导磁材料或导磁材料，所述工字悬浮钢轨设置在上部，所述土字钢轨设置在下部，所述土字钢轨的翼板等于或短于所述工字悬浮钢轨，所述土字钢轨为完整连续的钢轨或每间隔一段距离与所述工字悬浮钢轨固定连接在一起。
进一步地，所述工字悬浮钢轨或所述支撑钢轨为倒T型钢轨时构成的王字悬浮钢轨是由槽型钢轨或E型钢轨分解组成：
所述工字悬浮钢轨分解为对称的槽型钢轨，所述槽型钢轨的截面为“匚”型，所述槽型钢轨由竖直的腰板和上下端水平的轭板构成，竖直的腰板的平面端的上部和下部设置向外侧凸起的定位台，腰板的上下轭板之间设置导向面，导向面的表面的为平面，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的钢轨；
所述王字悬浮钢轨分解为对称的E型钢轨，所述E型钢轨的截面为“E”型，所述E型钢轨由竖直的腰板和上下端水平的轭板构成，在所述腰板中部设置翼板，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的钢轨。
本发明公开了一种永磁悬浮轨道，其特征在于，在路基或箱梁的顶部或底部的轨道两侧设置有如上述各种形式的所述悬浮钢轨，左右两条悬浮钢轨由紧固件平行固定设置在轨道的两端；轨道通过绝缘板或绝缘座或直接固定设置直线电机的牵引线圈；
所述牵引线圈的安装方式包括下列方式之一或其组合：
a、所述牵引线圈为无铁芯牵引线圈，通过绝缘座固定连接在轨道的中央或两侧；
b、所述牵引线圈为嵌入导磁铁芯的直线电机线圈绕组，通过绝缘板或直接固定连接在所述工字悬浮钢轨一侧或两侧；
c、所述无铁芯牵引线圈为嵌入导磁铁芯的直线电机线圈绕组，通过绝缘板或直接固定连接在轨道的中央或两侧。
进一步地，当所述悬浮钢轨为槽型钢轨或E型钢轨的形式时，两个槽型钢轨的平面端固定在所述轨枕两端竖直的立板上，左右两个槽型钢轨的开口相对或背靠背固定在轨枕的两端；所述E型钢轨分解为对称的E型钢轨，两个E型钢轨的平面端固定在轨枕两端的立板上，左右两个E型钢轨的开口相对或背靠背固定在轨枕的两端。
本发明还公开了一种对称永磁悬浮轨道系统，其特征在于，所述永磁悬浮系统的中部设置所述悬浮钢轨，在所述工字悬浮钢轨两侧对称设置永磁悬浮组件，所述永磁悬浮组件由上集磁板和下集磁板及之间的悬浮永磁铁组成，所述永磁悬浮组件的上集磁板和下集磁板的距离与所述悬浮钢轨的上轭板和下轭板的距离相等，所述左右永磁悬浮组件的上集磁板和下集磁板的左右端面与所述上轭板和所述下轭板的左右端面的磁力间隙相等，左右所述永磁悬浮组件的上集磁板和下集磁板与所述工字悬浮钢轨的上轭板和下轭板上下方向错开一定距离。
进一步地，所述工字悬浮钢轨两侧对称设置的永磁悬浮组件的上集磁板和下集磁板由外部的连接弯板固定连接，所述连接弯板或上集磁板和下集磁板上直接或间接设置导向轮，所述导向轮的外缘靠近或接触所述工字悬浮钢轨两侧的导向面；所述导向轮设置在所述工字悬浮钢轨的导向面一侧或两侧，亦或者设置在所述工字悬浮钢轨带有翼板的导向面的一侧或两侧。
本发明还公开了一种永磁悬浮列车系统，其特征在于，基于上述的永磁悬浮轨道系统，在所述永磁悬浮轨道上行驶列车，所述永磁悬浮组件及连接弯板对称设置在所述列车的左右两侧或者设置在所述列车的中部；所述导向轮由轮轴和轴承及轴承座滑动连接在列车上，所述导向轮的外缘靠近或接触在所述工字悬浮钢轨的内部或外部的导向面，以保持永磁悬浮组件对称设置在所述工字悬浮钢轨两侧。
进一步地，所述列车固定连接与所述牵引线圈保持一定间隙的牵引永磁体，所述列车上的牵引永磁体与轨道上的牵引线圈构成永磁直线电机；所述牵引线圈或者所述导磁铁芯的两侧等间距设置所述牵引永磁体或者通过伸缩机构设置带有磁铁滑座的牵引永磁体。
进一步地，所述连接弯板的一侧设置有上稳定臂或者下稳定臂，所述上稳定臂或者下稳定臂之间设有连杆，当两个所述永磁悬浮系统相对设置时，所述上稳定臂和所述下稳定臂与连杆相互构成平行四边形结构；所述连接弯板或上集磁板和下集磁板上直接或间接设有轴承支架，所述导向轮设置在所述轴承支架上。
进一步地，所述导向轮设置在所述轴承支架上通过轮轴与电机相连，通过电机驱动所述导向轮的启动、加速或减速运动；所述轴承支架连接增力机构调节控制导向轮对悬浮钢轨的导向面的接触压力。
进一步地，所述永磁悬浮轨道的建设方式包括下列方式之一或其组合：
a、所述路基或箱梁的建设形式为倒L型支架，倒L型支架的钢制或混凝土的立柱上部一侧设置横梁，横梁的下方设置吊挂式永磁悬浮轨道系统；
b、所述路基或箱梁的建设形式为倒L型支架，倒L型支架的钢制或混凝土的立柱上 部一侧设置横梁，横梁的下方设置吊挂式永磁悬浮轨道系统，横梁或立柱的上方设置前述的永磁悬浮轨道；
c、所述路基或箱梁的建设形式为T型支架，T型支架的钢制或混凝土的立柱上部设置横梁，横梁的下方设置吊挂式永磁悬浮轨道系统，横梁的上方设置前述的永磁悬浮轨道；
d、所述永磁悬浮轨道的外部设置真空管道。
进一步地，所述永磁悬浮组件及工字悬浮钢轨的结构包括下列方式之一或其组合：
a、所述永磁悬浮组件由外部的导磁板和上下两端的悬浮永磁铁组成，所述悬浮永磁铁的磁场方向与水平面形成0-60度之间的角度，所述导磁板由外部的连接弯板固定连接，所述永磁悬浮组件的上下两端的悬浮永磁铁的端面距离与所述工字悬浮钢轨的上轭板和下轭板之间的距离相等，左右所述永磁悬浮组件的上下两端的悬浮永磁铁的端面的与所述工字悬浮钢轨的上轭板和下轭板的左右端面的磁力间隙相等。
b、所述悬浮钢轨为C型钢轨的形式时，在C型钢轨的下方开口的中央位置设置悬浮永磁铁，悬浮永磁体的磁场方向沿水平或竖直方向，悬浮永磁体的左右端面与C型钢轨的开口端面的磁力间隙相等；
c、倒置的所述工字悬浮钢轨的轨头的两侧对称设置上集磁板，上集磁板为L形，向下有凸起的集磁板凸台，集磁板凸台下部吸附悬浮永磁体，悬浮永磁体下部吸附下集磁板；所述工字悬浮钢轨的左右对称设置L形上集磁板和悬浮永磁体，下部由下集磁板连接为一个开口向上的C形永磁悬浮组件；永磁悬浮组件的上集磁板侧面与轨头左右两侧的磁力间距相等；
d、倒置的所述工字悬浮钢轨的轨头的两侧对称设置上集磁板，上集磁板为U形，U形上集磁板开口朝向工字悬浮钢轨，上部的端面靠近轨头的两侧端面，下部的集磁板凸台端面之间设置悬浮永磁体；所述工字悬浮钢轨的左右对称设置U形上集磁板，与下部的悬浮永磁体连接为一个开口向上的C形永磁悬浮组件，永磁悬浮组件的上集磁板侧面与轨头左右两侧的磁力间距相等。
本发明具有以下优点：
1、可实现自动平衡的被动悬浮。工字悬浮钢轨与相对的左右永磁悬浮系统的斜向吸引力基本相互平衡，侧向力基本相互抵消，只剩向上的悬浮力，具有偏移量越大悬浮力越大的特点，在悬浮范围内与列车的重力刚好有一位置完全平衡，可以实现自动平衡而无需复杂的控制系统来进行主动控制，具有无缘自稳定悬浮的特性，即实现了被动悬浮。其悬浮效果与同极相对的永久磁体的同极排斥的悬浮效果基本相同，而且磁场在内部闭合，对外基本无发散磁场。
2、任何速度下都保持平衡悬浮。EDS电动悬浮在低速下不能悬浮，需要轮子支撑车身重量，而且电涡流耗能很大。本发明的永磁悬浮技术在静止和运动中都会自动稳定悬浮，不会受到速度影响，在低速和高速都能保持悬浮，轮子接触力轻微，产生的轻微摩擦阻力刚好可以提供机械阻尼，让悬浮系统保持稳定。
3、牵引驱动效率高。机械导向轮使左右导向刚度很大，列车底部的驱动永磁体与直线电机牵引线圈之间的间隙可以保持很好的稳定性，因此可以采用较小的磁力间隙驱动，因而这种结构的双边永磁直线电机的效率高于其他间隙不稳定的永磁直线电机的效率，明显高于目前应用的电动磁悬浮列车的直线同步电机的牵引效率。
4、成本低。轨道主体采用钢铁材料，与现有工字钢轨截面相近，截面积小，用材省。列车无需复杂的电磁悬浮控制系统，也无需复杂的超导技术，轨道不需用昂贵的永久磁体，因而综合造价低。
5、经济节能。永磁悬浮技术克服了99％以上行驶滚动摩擦阻力，采用小磁力间隙驱动的高效率的电机使列车整体综合运行能耗很低，显著节能。
6、轨道寿命长，安装调整方便。轨道与现有的工字钢轨的制造安装和施工方式近似，可继承原有的成熟工艺。轨道的侧向力小，磨损轻微，使用寿命长。
7、轨道外无电磁辐射的影响。永磁悬浮采用稳态磁场的永久磁铁，双边永磁直线电机的线圈被外部的导磁性钢轨全部包围起来，不会对外部产生电磁辐射，消除了对环境的电磁辐射影响，符合环保政策。
8、结构简化，车体重量轻。省去了电子自动悬浮控制系统，自动回复导向，节省了列车的庞大导向电磁铁，还省去了弯臂结构，因此结构极为简单，列车重量轻，加速性能好，列车制造成本低。采用对称结构的有铁芯永磁直线电机的电磁吸力会左右互相抵消，剩余的只有向上的拉力还可以另外提供悬浮力，可以自动平衡，这种结构有利于发挥有铁芯永磁电机大推力的优势，也可以使轨道中央更简洁。
9、与现有轮轨轨道兼容。轨道的顶部与现有的工字钢轨可以很好的衔接起来，能与现有铁路互通，这种轨道即可以行使磁浮轮轨列车，又可以行使常规轮轨列车。
10、更安全。由于工字钢轨的上下轭板和翼板把水平导向轮防护住，防止上下和左右脱离轨道，在时速接近音速情况下仍会很安全。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做以简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明的平顶工字悬浮钢轨的横截面结构示意图。
图2是本发明的圆弧顶工字悬浮钢轨的横截面结构示意图。
图3是本发明的工字悬浮钢轨的立体结构示意图。
图4是本发明的复合王字钢轨的横截面结构示意图。
图5是本发明的一体材料的王字钢轨的横截面结构示意图。
图6是本发明的复合王字钢轨的立体结构示意图。
图7是本发明的工字悬浮钢轨与倒π型钢轨复合成型的悬浮钢轨的横截面结构示意 图。
图8是本发明的工字悬浮钢轨与工字钢轨复合成型的悬浮钢轨的横截面结构示意图。
图9是本发明的工字悬浮钢轨与倒π型钢轨间断焊接成型的悬浮钢轨的立体结构示意图。
图10是本发明的对称永磁悬浮系统的工作原理结构示意图。
图11是本发明的对称永磁悬浮系统的整体结构示意图。
图12是本发明的铺设复合王字钢轨的轨道结构示意图。
图13是本发明的铺设复合π底工字悬浮钢轨和无铁芯驱动线圈的轨道结构示意图。
图14是本发明的永磁悬浮系统和无铁芯直线电机的复合王字钢轨的轨道结构示意图。
图15是本发明的复合π底工字悬浮钢轨侧面设置有导磁铁芯牵引线圈的轨道结构示意图。
图16是本发明的复合王字钢轨和中央设置无铁芯牵引线圈的永磁悬浮列车轨道系统的结构示意图。
图17是本发明的复合王字钢轨的永磁悬浮列车轨道系统的立体结构示意图。
图18是本发明的复合王字钢轨的真空管道超高速永磁悬浮列车轨道系统结构示意图。
图19是本发明的π底复合圭字悬浮钢轨的永磁悬浮列车轨道系统的结构示意图。
图20是本发明的吊挂式工字钢轨和有导磁铁芯牵引线圈的永磁悬浮列车轨道系统结构示意图。
图21是本发明的L型双通道快速永磁悬浮列车轨道交通系统的结构示意图。
图22是图21的局部放大图。
图23是本发明的T型四通道综合快速永磁悬浮列车轨道交通系统的结构示意图。
图24是本发明的E字型钢轨的横截面结构示意图。
图25是本发明的槽型钢轨的横截面结构示意图。
图26是本发明的槽型钢轨的立体结构示意图。
图27是本发明的背靠背铺设的槽型钢轨或E字型钢轨的轨道结构示意图。
图28是本发明的铺设朝内开口的槽型钢轨的轨道结构示意图。
图29是本发明的铺设朝外开口的槽型钢轨和有铁芯直线电机的轨道结构示意图。
图30是本发明的一种拓展对称永磁悬浮系统的工作原理结构示意图。
图31是本发明的另一种拓展对称永磁悬浮系统的工作原理结构示意图。
图32是本发明的吊挂工字钢轨和外置有导磁铁芯牵引线圈的永磁悬浮列车轨道的结构示意图。
图33是本发明的复合土底工字悬浮钢轨和有磁铁滑座有导磁铁芯直线电机驱动的永磁悬浮轨道结构示意图。
图34是本发明的复合圭字钢轨和有增力机构及上下稳定臂永磁悬浮轨道结构示意图。
图35是本发明的具有拱形台顶工字悬浮钢轨的横截面结构示意图。
图36是本发明工字悬浮钢轨演变成土字钢轨的横截面结构示意图。
图37是本发明的复合圭字钢轨的横截面结构示意图。
图38是本发明的复合具有拱形台顶和土字钢轨的横截面结构示意图。
图39是本发明一种L型吊轨永磁悬浮列车轨道系统。
图中：1-工字悬浮钢轨，1’-工字钢轨，2-上轭板，3-下轭板，4-腰板，5-导向面，6-轨头，7-支撑钢轨的立板，8-轨底，9-T型轨道，10-π型轨道，11-连接弯板，12-上集磁板，13-悬浮永磁体，14-下集磁板，15-永磁悬浮组件，16-永磁悬浮系统，17-磁力间隙，18-导向轮，19-集磁板的凸台，20-轴承及轴承座，21-轮轴，22-紧固件，23-路基或箱梁，24-轨枕，25-轨道基础预埋件，26-垫板，27-压板，28-牵引线圈，29-绝缘板，30-绝缘座，31-导磁板，32-传感器，33-牵引永磁体，34-导磁铁芯，35-直线电机线圈绕组，36-导磁基座，37-槽型钢轨，38-列车，39-列车转向架，40-真空管道，41-翼板，42-立板，43-弯臂，44-定位台，45-E型钢轨，46-连接孔，47-槽型钢轨，48-C型钢轨，49-倒L型支架，50-防护罩，51-T型支架，52-导电轨，53-土型钢，54-连杆，55-上稳定臂，56-伸缩机构，57-磁铁滑座，58-绝缘柱，59-L型支架，60-横梁，61-空气弹簧，62-轴承支架，63-下稳定臂，64-电机，65-增力机构，66-辅助支撑轮，67-拱形台，68-受电弓。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1和图3所示，一种工字悬浮钢轨1，整体截面为工字型，其材料为导磁材料，如工业纯铁或钢铁，所述工字悬浮钢轨1由上轭板2和下轭板3及竖直设置在中间的腰板4组成，腰板4将上轭板2和下轭板3在中部位置连接成一体，上轭板2的顶部的表面可以为平面，上轭板2和下轭板3的左右宽度和厚度基本相等，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的工字钢轨。
同样的，根据实际施工需要，上轭板2和下轭板3的左右宽度也可以是不等宽度，厚度也可以是不等厚度。
水平的上轭板2和下轭板3为便于制造，侧面可以设置斜度，斜度为2度到15度之间为宜。采用铸造方式时末端可以设置铸造圆角。对于焊接件可以是平板，末端允许保留尖角。
如图2所示，前述的工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2的顶部也可以是向外凸出的圆弧曲面，为弧面的导向面时成为轨头6，轨头6与现有的高速铁路的工字钢轨顶部的轨头吻合，这 样便于与既有的高速铁路的工字钢轨兼容。
如图4和图6所示，前述的悬浮钢轨由上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒T型钢轨9组成，上部的工字悬浮钢轨1为导磁材料，下部的倒T型钢轨9为非导磁材料，如不锈钢、铬锰钢等，焊接成为一体，整体截面为王字型，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的复合王字钢轨。
如图5所示，前述的上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒T型钢轨9也可以是一种导磁材料，所述工字悬浮钢轨1和倒T型钢轨9设置成一体式结构，即整体截面为王字型，也可以表述为相应的下轭板3演变成为翼板41，最下方的与轨道固定的底面延伸为轨底8，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的王字型悬浮钢轨。
前述的悬浮钢轨由上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒T型钢轨9组成，上部的工字悬浮钢轨1为导磁材料，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的工字钢轨。下部的倒T型钢轨9为非导磁材料，下部的倒T型钢轨9可以每间隔一段距离与上部的工字悬浮钢轨1的下轭板3通过焊接或其他连接工艺固定连接在一起。
如图7和图9所示，前述的悬浮钢轨由上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒π型钢轨10组成，上部的工字悬浮钢轨1为导磁材料，下部的倒π型钢轨10为非导磁材料或导磁材料。下部的倒π型钢轨10相当于前述的倒T型钢轨9具有两个竖直的立板7，这样可以减轻重量增强稳定性。上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒π型钢轨10为完整连续的钢轨，通过焊接或其他连接工艺固定连接在一起，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的悬浮钢轨。
如图9所示，上部的连续的工字悬浮钢轨1下面间隔一段距离固定连接一段倒π型钢轨10，每段π型钢轨10倒过来放置，上部的两个立板7与连续的工字悬浮钢轨1的下轭板3的底部焊接固定连接在一起。
如图8所示，前述的悬浮钢轨由上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的工字钢轨1’组成，上部的工字悬浮钢轨1为导磁材料，结构与前述的工字悬浮钢轨1相同，下部的工字钢轨1’为非导磁材料或导磁材料，下部的工字钢轨1’顶部的平板等于或短于(个别情况下可略宽于工字悬浮钢轨1的下轭板3，以上情况均应考虑到本发明技术方案中)上部的工字悬浮钢轨1，并与上部的工字悬浮钢轨1底部焊接在一起。
上部的工字钢轨1和下部的工字钢轨1’为完整连续的钢轨，通过焊接或其他连接工艺固定连接在一起，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的悬浮钢轨。
前述的连续的工字悬浮钢轨1下面间隔一段距离固定连接一段工字钢轨1’，每段工字钢轨1’与上部连续的工字悬浮钢轨1的底部焊接固定连接在一起。
如图35所示，工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2的顶部也可以是向外凸出的拱形台，拱形台的顶面为圆弧形，拱形台左右宽度小于工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2的宽度，为拱形台的导向面时成为轨头6，轨头6与现有的高速铁路的工字钢轨顶部的轨头吻合，这样便于与既有的高速铁路的工字钢轨兼容。
如图36所示，所述工字悬浮钢轨1的腰板4凸出并向上延伸至所述上轭板2的上部， 所述上轭板2演变成翼板41，所述下轭板3延伸成轨底8，所述悬浮钢轨的整体截面为土字型。
如图37所示，前述的悬浮钢轨由上部的具有拱形台的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒T型钢轨9组成，上部的工字悬浮钢轨1为导磁材料，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的带有拱形台的工字钢轨。下部的倒T型钢轨9为非导磁材料或导磁材料，下部的倒T型钢轨9可以每间隔一段距离或完整连续的与上部的工字悬浮钢轨1的下轭板3通过焊接或其他连接工艺固定连接在一起。
如图38所示，前述的悬浮钢轨由上部的具有拱形台的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的土字型钢轨组成，上部的工字悬浮钢轨1为导磁材料，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的拱形台的工字钢轨。下部的土字型钢轨为非导磁材料或导磁材料，下部的土字型钢轨可以每间隔一段距离或完整连续的与上部的工字悬浮钢轨1的下轭板3通过焊接或其他连接工艺固定连接在一起。
上述的各种悬浮钢轨的变体形式，均是在工字形的基础上增加附属件，在上或下部出头或上下同时出头，如土，干，串等形状，翼板的设置为一对及一对以上，如在此基础上再演变类似形式应都视为雷同结构。
如图10所示，本发明提供一种对称永磁悬浮系统16，在中部设置工字悬浮钢轨1，工字悬浮钢轨1为导磁材料，工字悬浮钢轨1由上轭板2和下轭板3及竖直设置在中间的腰板4组成，腰板4将上轭板2和下轭板3在中部位置连接成一体，工字悬浮钢轨1两侧对称设置永磁悬浮组件15，永磁悬浮组件15由上集磁板12和下集磁板14及之间的悬浮永磁铁13组成，上集磁板12和下集磁板14由外部的连接弯板11固定连接。永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14的距离与工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3之间的距离相等。左右永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14的左右端面与工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3的左右端面的磁力间隙17相等，此时左右永磁悬浮组件15对中间的工字悬浮钢轨1的磁吸力相等，此时左右磁力相互抵消。这里所述的相等指最佳效果时的尺寸参数应相等，实际加工中是不可能做到完全相等的，因此稍大或稍小些都属于本发明的保护范围。
对称永磁悬浮系统16工作原理如下：左侧永磁悬浮组件15的悬浮永磁铁13的磁力线如图10所示，左侧的悬浮永磁铁13在外部由N极流出，经过上集磁板12斜向上指向工字悬浮钢轨1上轭板2，再经过腰板4向下流出下轭板3，斜向下指向下集磁板14，流回悬浮永磁铁13的S极。另一侧对称的永磁悬浮系统的磁力线可以是对称设置，也可以是如图相反的设置。
当左右永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14的左右端面与工字钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3的左右端面向下错开一定距离后会产生指向重合位置的回复磁吸力，也可以称作悬浮力，悬浮力的方向为向上的方向。当错开距离越大时这个指向重合位置的回复悬浮力也越大，当这个指向重合位置的回复悬浮力与左右永磁悬浮组件15及负载的总 重量相等时，这个错开的位置就是平衡位置。当错开距离再继续增大时这个指向重合位置的回复悬浮力还会继续增大，增大部分的悬浮力将会指向这个平衡位置，让永磁悬浮组件15及负载向平衡位置回复，直到回复到平衡位置而保持稳定悬浮。其悬浮效果与同极相对的永久磁体的同极排斥的悬浮效果基本相同。
上集磁板12和下集磁板14的形状可以是L形，如图10所示，即一端为平板，平板的一端有集磁板的凸台19，之间由圆角或斜角过渡。集磁板的凸台19与中部的悬浮永磁铁13吸附接触。上集磁板12和下集磁板14的形状也可以为平板形。
当左右永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14的左右端面与工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3的左右端面的磁力间隙稍有差别时，左右磁吸力便会稍有差异，而会继续加大偏斜而失去平衡，此时需要有一套保持左右距离的磁力间隙相等的装置，防止左右偏离平衡位置。
如图11所示，现以上部为导磁材料的工字悬浮钢轨1与下部为非导磁材料的倒T型钢轨9的复合王字钢轨为例，说明本发明的对称永磁悬浮系统的整体结构。在中部设置悬浮钢轨，在工字悬浮钢轨1由上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒T型钢轨9组成，上部的工字悬浮钢轨1为导磁材料，下部的倒T型钢轨9为非导磁材料，上部的工字悬浮钢轨1由上轭板2和下轭板3及竖直设置在中间的腰板4组成，腰板4将上轭板2和下轭板3在中部位置连接成一体。上集磁板12和下集磁板14由外部的连接弯板11固定连接。上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒T型钢轨9焊接成为一体，整体截面为王字型，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的复合王字钢轨。工字悬浮钢轨1两侧对称设置永磁悬浮组件15，永磁悬浮组件15由上集磁板12和下集磁板14及之间的悬浮永磁铁13组成，永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14的距离与工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3的距离相等。连接弯板11的侧面固定连接轴承及轴承座20，轴承及轴承座20内设置轮轴21，轮轴21上设置导向轮18。导向轮18对称设置在工字悬浮钢轨1的两侧，导向轮18的外轮缘靠近或接触工字悬浮钢轨1两侧的导向面5上。由于左右水平导向轮18的限制，左右永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14的左右端面与工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3的左右端面之间的磁力间隙17相等。左右永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14与工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3错开一定距离后产生指向平衡位置的回复悬浮力。
在通常情况下，左右磁力间隙几乎是相等的，左右方向的磁力相互抵消掉，只剩上下方向的悬浮力。在轨道制造有误差或转弯时左右磁力间隙是稍有差别的，左右磁力相近而大部分抵消，剩余的侧向力刚好作为机械阻尼，使对称永磁悬浮系统更容易保持稳定悬浮。
如图12所示，为本发明的一种铺设复合王字钢轨的永磁悬浮轨道，在路基或箱梁23的顶部设置轨枕24(或轨道板)，轨枕24两侧设置有复合王字钢轨。复合王字钢轨由上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒T型钢轨9组成，上部的工字悬浮钢轨1为导磁材料，下部的倒T型钢轨9为非导磁材料，焊接成为一体，整体截面为王字型，该截面沿直线或曲 线延伸而成的复合王字钢轨。
轨枕24的两端的定位凹槽内设置垫板26，两个复合王字钢轨平行设置在轨枕24的两端，倒T型钢轨9的轨底8的底平面靠在垫板26上，轨底8两端由压板27和紧固件22固定在轨枕24两端。
如图13所示，为本发明的一种铺设π形底复合工字悬浮钢轨和牵引线圈28的轨道，其中牵引线圈28为无铁芯牵引线圈。在路基或箱梁23的顶部的两端设置轨道基础预埋件25，上面设置垫板26和绝缘座30，两侧垫板26上铺设π底复合工字钢轨，两条π底复合工字钢轨平行设置在轨道的两端，π底复合工字钢轨由上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒π型钢轨10组成，上部的工字悬浮钢轨1为导磁材料，下部的倒π型钢轨10为非导磁材料。上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒π型钢轨10为完整连续的钢轨，通过焊接或其他连接工艺固定连接在一起，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的悬浮钢轨。倒π型钢轨10的轨底8底平面靠在垫板26上，轨底8两端由压板27和紧固件22固定在轨道两端。轨道中央固定设置竖直的牵引线圈28，主线圈平面沿竖直方向设置的牵引线圈28通过绝缘座30固定连接在轨道的中央。
如图14所示，为本发明的一种带有对称永磁悬浮系统和无铁芯直线电机的轨道。在路基或箱梁23的顶部设置轨枕24，轨枕24两侧设置有复合王字悬浮钢轨。轨枕24的两端的定位凹槽内设置垫板26，两个复合王字悬浮钢轨平行设置在轨枕24的两端，轨底8底平面靠在垫板26上，轨底8两端由压板27和紧固件22固定在轨枕24两端。
在复合王字悬浮钢轨的两侧对称设置与上轭板2和下轭板3相对的上集磁板12和下集磁板14，上集磁板12和下集磁板14之间吸附设置有悬浮永磁体13，上集磁板12和下集磁板14和悬浮永磁体13构成总体为C型的永磁悬浮组件15。上集磁板12和下集磁板14由外部的连接弯板11固定连接。对称的永磁悬浮系统与复合王字悬浮钢轨采用对称吸力悬浮原理：即左右对称的斜向磁吸力的水平分力左右刚好相互平衡，向上的分力的合力共同提供向上的悬浮力。对称吸力悬浮具有偏移量越大悬浮力越大的特点，在悬浮范围内与承载物体的重力刚好有一位置刚好平衡，这个位置即为平衡位置，可以实现自动平衡而无需控制系统的主动控制，具有无缘自稳定悬浮的特性。
在复合王字悬浮钢轨的两侧的上轭板2和下轭板3之间还设置有水平定位导向轮18，保持左右两侧永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14与复合王字悬浮钢轨两侧的上轭板2和下轭板3之间的磁力间隙相等，保证左右两侧的侧向悬浮力互相抵消，在几乎相等的侧向磁吸力下，导向轮在复合王字悬浮钢轨的接触摩擦力非常小，从而实现大幅度减轻摩擦阻力的效果。
每个复合王字悬浮钢轨的左右两侧都设置有水平定位导向轮18。导向轮18的外轮缘在复合王字悬浮钢轨的两侧的上轭板2和下轭板3之间的导向面5上，上轭板2和下轭板3可防止上轭板2和下轭板3在高速下脱轨。
为便于理解本发明的工作原理，附图14省去了列车的车体和悬挂结构。在轨道中央 显示了无铁芯直线电机的具体结构。轨道中央设置有牵引线圈28为无铁芯牵引线圈，轨枕24的中央固定设置绝缘座30，绝缘座30上部安装主线圈平面沿竖直方向布置的牵引线圈28，牵引线圈28为无铁芯牵引线圈，无铁芯牵引线圈28的两侧由压板27和紧固件22固定连接在轨枕24的中央。绝缘座30上还可以设置传感器32。
牵引线圈28的左右两侧距离一定磁力间隙对称设置牵引永磁体33，牵引永磁体33的外部固定在导磁板31上，导磁板31和牵引永磁体33再连接在列车上与两侧相距一定距离的牵引线圈28一起构成双边无铁芯直线永磁电机。直线电机驱动线圈采用无铁芯牵引线圈，可以消除侧向电磁吸引力的影响，同时减轻铁损和涡流损失。
牵引永磁体33的磁极的排列方式也可以是沿行进方向呈NSNS交替排列。具体排列方式可以是等间距平行排列方式↑↓↑↓。
牵引永磁体33的磁极的排列方式还可以是HALBACH阵列永磁体，即磁场沿走行方向的垂直方向的充磁方向为→↓←↑→↓←，HALBACH阵列牵引永磁体33具有单边磁场最强的特性，其最大磁场强度的方向指向无铁芯牵引线圈设置，此时导磁板31可以采用非导磁材料。
如图15所示，为本发明的一种安装有铁芯直线电机的复合工字悬浮钢轨1。在路基或箱梁23的顶部设置轨枕24，轨枕24两侧设置有π底复合工字悬浮钢轨。π底复合工字钢轨由上部的工字悬浮钢轨1和下部的倒π型钢轨10组成，上部的工字钢轨为导磁材料，下部的倒π型钢轨10为非导磁材料。倒π型钢轨10上部的两个立板7与上部的连续的工字钢轨1的下轭板3的底部焊接在一起。轨枕24的两端的定位凹槽内设置垫板26，两个复合工字悬浮钢轨平行设置在轨枕24的两端，轨底8底平面靠在垫板26上，轨底8两端由压板27和紧固件22固定在轨枕24两端。
图15左侧显示对称吸力悬浮系统的具体结构。在π底复合工字钢轨的两侧对称设置与上轭板2和下轭板3相对的上集磁板12和下集磁板14，上集磁板12和下集磁板14之间吸附设置有悬浮永磁体13，上集磁板12和下集磁板14和悬浮永磁体13构成总体为C型的永磁悬浮组件15。上集磁板12和下集磁板14由外部的连接弯板11固定连接。悬浮永磁体13之间还设置导磁良好的导磁基座36。上集磁板12和下集磁板14和之间的悬浮永磁体13及中间的导磁基座36构成总体为C型的永磁悬浮组件15。两侧永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14与π底复合工字钢轨的两侧的翼板4和下轭板3之间的磁力间隙相等。
两侧永磁悬浮组件15的导磁基座36上设置导磁板31，导磁板31上设置牵引永磁体33。
两侧的π底复合工字钢轨外侧的上轭板2和下轭板3之间还设置有直线电机线圈绕组35。左右直线电机线圈绕组35与牵引永磁体33保持相等的磁力间隙。
直线电机线圈绕组35是有铁芯驱动线圈，线圈的外部安装有导磁铁芯34，导磁铁芯34固定连接在π底复合工字钢轨外侧的上轭板2和下轭板3之间或外部。还可以通过绝 缘板29与π底复合工字钢轨保持电绝缘。
直线电机线圈绕组35可以在π底复合工字钢轨的两侧对称设置，如图15左侧所示。
如图15右侧所示，直线电机线圈绕组35也可以在π底复合工字钢轨的一侧设置，而和另一条轨道的直线电机线圈绕组35对称设置。
直线电机线圈绕组35也可以采用无铁芯牵引线圈28，其主线圈平面沿竖直方向布置，通过绝缘板29与π底复合工字钢轨保持电绝缘。
π底复合工字钢轨内侧的上轭板2和下轭板3之间设置有水平定位导向轮18，导向轮18两侧安装有轮轴21和轴承及轴承座20，以保持左右两侧永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14与π底复合工字钢轨的两侧的上轭板2和下轭板3之间的磁力间隙相等，并保证左右两侧的直线电机线圈绕组35与牵引永磁体33保持相等的磁力间隙，使侧向力基本互相抵消。
水平定位导向轮18的导向面可以设置在π底复合工字钢轨的上轭板2和下轭板3之间。
水平定位导向轮18的导向面也可以设置在π底复合工字钢轨的上轭板2或下轭板3的侧面。
导向轮18可以带有轮缘，如图15所示，轮缘设置在上轭板2的上方，当超载或偶尔过载时靠轮缘提供剩余承载力。对于高度安全的场合，导向轮18两端可以带有双轮缘。
有铁芯永磁直线电机采用左右对称安装结构，有铁芯永磁直线电机的电磁吸力会左右互相抵消，仍可以实现自动平衡，剩余的向上拉力还可以提供悬浮力，这种结构有利于发挥有铁芯永磁电机大推力的优势，也可以使轨道中央布置更简洁。
π底复合工字钢轨和永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14及导磁基座36包在直线电机线圈绕组35的外部，有助于消除对外电磁辐射。
如图33所示，将所述永磁悬浮系统做进一步改进，悬浮钢轨采用上部为工字悬浮钢轨1和下部土字型钢轨结合的方式，(悬浮钢轨的结合方式可采用上述各种变体形式，并不局限于此)，在所述连接弯板11的一侧设置有设有上稳定臂55，在另一侧悬浮钢轨上的连接弯板11的相对一侧设置下稳定臂63，上稳定臂55和下稳定臂63之间平行设置两个等长的连杆54，所述上稳定臂55和所述下稳定臂63与之间的两个平行连杆54构成相互稳定的平行四边形机构；所述连接弯板11的中部和下部设有轴承支架62，轴承支架62内设置轮轴和导向轮18，导向轮18的导向面设置在所述工字悬浮钢轨1的外部(和土字型钢轨两侧的翼板上部)。所述永磁悬浮系统16可通过导向轮18导向定位在工字悬浮钢轨1的两侧并保持左右相等的磁力间隙。在所述土字型钢轨两侧设置缠绕有直线电机线圈绕组35的导磁铁芯34，所述导磁铁芯34两侧设置与伸缩机构56相连的带有磁铁滑座57的牵引永磁体33。牵引永磁体33和连接弯板11通过空气弹簧61与列车(图中未画出)连接，通过双边有铁芯直线电机牵引列车启动、加速或减速运动。
如图34所示，悬浮钢轨采用上部为拱形台6的工字悬浮钢轨1和倒T型钢轨9结合 的方式，所述导向轮18通过所述轴承支架62设置在倒T型钢轨9的两侧，通过轮轴63和联轴器与电机64相连，在连接弯板11的侧面还设有增力机构65，所述轴承支架62与增力机构连接，由增力机构54控制调节导向轮18对悬浮钢轨的导向面5的接触压力。通过电机64驱动所述导向轮18带动列车的启动、加速或减速运动；所述连接弯板11上部还设有用于平衡稳定列车的空气弹簧61。所述连接弯板11的上端还设有辅助支撑轮66，可用于承担列车38负载过大时的额外负荷，保证列车瞬时超载时永磁悬浮系统16不至于超载脱落，具备超载能力并保证行车安全。
现结合附图进一步说明悬浮钢轨及永磁悬浮轨道在轨道交通中的典型应用。
如图16和图17所示，为本发明的一种复合王字钢轨永磁浮轨道及永磁浮轮轨列车轨道系统。
在路基或箱梁23的顶部设置轨枕24，轨枕24两侧设置有复合王字钢轨。轨枕24的两端的定位凹槽内设置垫板26，两个复合王字钢轨平行设置在轨枕24的两端，复合王字钢轨的轨底8的底平面靠在垫板26上，轨底8两端由压板27和紧固件22固定在轨枕24两端，轨道上行驶列车38。
在复合王字钢轨的两侧分别设置与上轭板2和下轭板3相对的上集磁板12和下集磁板14，上集磁板12和下集磁板14之间吸附设置有悬浮永磁体13，上集磁板12和下集磁板14和悬浮永磁体13构成总体为C型的永磁悬浮组件15，上集磁板12和下集磁板14由外部的连接弯板11固定连接。两侧的永磁悬浮系统与复合王字钢轨的斜向吸引力左右分力相互平衡，只有向上的悬浮力，具有无缘自稳定悬浮的特性。
列车38的左右两侧还设置轴线为竖直方向的水平导向轮18，导向轮18由轮轴21连接在列车的底部。在左右两侧复合王字钢轨之间设置水平定位导向轮18，导向轮18两侧安装有轮轴21和轴承及轴承座20。
轨道中央设置有牵引线圈28为无铁芯牵引线圈，轨枕24的中央设置绝缘座30，绝缘座30上部安装主线圈平面沿竖直方向布置的无铁芯牵引线圈，无铁芯牵引线圈的两侧由压板27和紧固件22固定连接在轨枕24的中央。轨枕24的中央的绝缘座30上设置传感器32，以便感知列车的位置及速度。
无铁芯牵引线圈的左右两侧距离一定距离等距离设置牵引永磁体33，牵引永磁体33的外部固定在导磁板31上，导磁板31和牵引永磁体33与两侧相距一定距离的无铁芯牵引线圈一起构成双边无铁芯直线永磁电机。牵引永磁体33和外部的导磁板31固定连接在列车的底部转向架39，牵引列车行驶。
如图18所示，为本发明的一种铺设复合王字钢轨的永磁浮轨道及真空管道永磁浮列车轨道系统。在路基或箱梁23的顶部安装了真空管道40，真空管道40内的压力仅有标准大气压力的1/100。由于轨道摩擦阻力非常小，空气阻力也非常小，可以达到非常高的速度，而且显著节能。
真空管道40的底部设置水平的平板，平板的两端的设置轨道基础预埋件25，上面设 置垫板26，两侧垫板26上铺设复合工字钢轨，两条复合工字钢轨平行设置在轨道的两端，复合王字钢轨的轨底8的底平面靠在垫板26上，轨底8两端由压板27和紧固件22固定在轨道两端，轨道上行驶高速磁浮列车38。
在复合王字钢轨的两侧分别设置与上轭板2和下轭板3相对的上集磁板12和下集磁板14，上集磁板12和下集磁板14之间吸附设置有悬浮永磁体13，上集磁板12和下集磁板14和悬浮永磁体13构成永磁悬浮组件15，永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14由外部的连接弯板11固定连接。两组永磁悬浮组件15和外部的连接弯板11对称设置在轨道左右两侧。
列车38的左右两侧还设置轴线为竖直方向的水平导向轮18，导向轮18由轴承及轴承座20连接在列车的底部转向架39。附图18中实施例为在左右两侧复合王字钢轨之间设置水平定位导向轮18。
轨道中央设置有牵引线圈28为无铁芯牵引线圈，轨道中央设置绝缘座30，绝缘座30上部安装主线圈平面沿竖直方向布置的无铁芯牵引线圈，无铁芯牵引线圈的两侧由压板27和紧固件22固定连接在轨道的中央。
无铁芯牵引线圈的左右两侧距离一定距离等距离设置牵引永磁体33，牵引永磁体33的外部固定在导磁板31上，导磁板31和牵引永磁体33与两侧相距一定距离的无铁芯牵引线圈一起构成双边无铁芯直线永磁电机。牵引永磁体33和外部的导磁板31固定连接在列车的底部转向架39，牵引列车行驶。
为了增大承载力，所述工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3之间，腰板的左右两侧对称设置翼板41，翼板41的数量为一对时成为复合圭字钢轨。
工字悬浮钢轨1的翼板41的数量还可以是2对及2对以上，这样可以获得不同的悬浮承载力，以便在不同的承载能力的场合下使用。
如图19所示，为本发明的π底复合圭字悬浮钢轨的永磁悬浮列车轨道系统。
与图16结构不同之处在于两侧的工字悬浮钢轨1上轭板2和下轭板3之间在腰板的左右两侧对称设置一对翼板41，翼板41的数量为2个。相对应的永磁悬浮组件15中的集磁板和之间的悬浮永磁体13数量左右也各增加一对，即三对集磁板之间吸附两对悬浮永磁体13。
在路基或箱梁23的顶部设置轨枕24，轨枕24两侧设置有π底复合圭字钢轨。π底复合圭字钢轨1由上部的王字钢轨1和下部的倒π型钢轨10组成，上部的王字钢轨为导磁材料，下部的倒π型钢轨10为非导磁材料。倒π型钢轨10上部的两个立板7与上部的连续的王字钢轨的下轭板3的底部焊接固定连接在一起。轨枕24的两端的定位凹槽内设置垫板26，两个复合圭字钢轨平行设置在轨枕24的两端，复合王字钢轨的轨底8的底平面靠在垫板26上，轨底8两端由压板27和紧固件22固定在轨枕24两端，轨道上行驶列车38。
在复合圭字钢轨的两侧分别设置与上轭板2和下轭板3、翼板41相对的上集磁板12 和下集磁板14，上集磁板12和下集磁板14之间吸附设置有悬浮永磁体13，上集磁板12和下集磁板14和悬浮永磁体13构成总体为E型的永磁悬浮组件15，上集磁板12和下集磁板14由外部的连接弯板11固定连接。
由于载重量大，轨道中央还设置有左右对称的直线电机线圈绕组35，直线电机线圈绕组35的外部安装有导磁铁芯34，导磁铁芯34固定连接在轨道中部的竖直的轨道立板42上，通过绝缘板29与轨道立板42保持电绝缘。列车38的底部中央设置牵引永磁体33，左右直线电机线圈绕组35及导磁铁芯34等间距对称设置在牵引永磁体33的两侧。左右直线电机线圈绕组35及导磁铁芯34与牵引永磁体33保持相等的磁力间隙，共同组成有铁芯直线牵引电机，牵引列车行驶。
本发明的复合工字悬浮钢轨可以倒立设置。
如图20所示，为本发明的一种吊挂式工字轨道。在路基或箱梁23的下部设置轨枕24，轨枕24两侧向下突出设置立板42，两个工字悬浮钢轨1平行设置在立板42的底平面，工字悬浮钢轨1的上平面设置连接孔，由紧固件22固定在轨道两端，轨道上倒立悬挂行驶列车38。轨道中央下方设置有直线电机线圈绕组35。直线电机线圈绕组35是有铁芯驱动线圈，直线电机线圈绕组35的外部安装有导磁铁芯34，导磁铁芯34固定连接在轨道中央两侧的立板42之间。两个有铁芯直线电机线圈绕组35沿轨道中心对称设置。
在工字悬浮钢轨1的两侧分别设置与上轭板2和下轭板3相对的上集磁板12和下集磁板14，上集磁板12和下集磁板14之间吸附设置有悬浮永磁体13，上集磁板12和下集磁板14和悬浮永磁体13构成永磁悬浮组件15，上集磁板12和下集磁板14由外部的连接弯板11固定连接。两侧的永磁悬浮系统与工字悬浮钢轨1的斜向吸引力左右分力相互平衡，只有向上的悬浮力，具有无缘自稳定悬浮的特性。
列车的左右两侧还设置轴线为竖直方向的水平导向轮18，导向轮18由轮轴21安装在列车顶部。附图中实施例为在左右两侧工字悬浮钢轨1之间设置水平定位导向轮18，导向轮18两侧安装有轮轴21和轴承座20。水平定位导向轮18的外轮缘接触或靠近工字钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3之间的导向面5，保持左右两侧的磁力间隙17基本相等。
列车38顶部设置牵引永磁体33，牵引永磁体33左右两侧与有铁芯直线电机线圈绕组35的磁力间隙17相等，牵引永磁体33的底部固定在列车上，牵引永磁体33与两侧相距一定磁力间隙的直线电机线圈绕组35和铁芯34一起构成双边有铁芯直线永磁电机，牵引列车行驶。
如图21所示，为本发明的一种L型双通道综合快速永磁悬浮列车轨道交通系统。
在人流密度较高的城市道路两侧的甬道上架设钢制L型支架49，L型支架49顶部向道路侧延伸出横梁，立柱顶部铺设基础或箱梁23，箱梁23的上部铺设密闭的真空管道40，真空管道40内铺设如图18所示的复合王字钢轨的永磁悬浮轨道系统，两条复合工字钢轨平行设置在轨道的两侧，轨道上行驶高速磁浮列车38，构成真空管道永磁悬浮列车轨道系统。真空管道40内的气压仅有标准大气压力的1/15-1/1000，可以达到非常高的速度。
如图21和22所示，L型支架49的延伸梁轨道的下部铺设一条倒置的王字钢轨，王字钢轨整体采用导磁材料的王字钢轨，在王字钢轨的两侧分别设置永磁悬浮组件15，永磁悬浮组件15固定在列车38的顶部转向架39，与王字钢轨形成向上的悬浮力，悬挂列车38在轨道上行驶。王字钢轨的上部腰板4左右两侧对称设置有铁芯直线永磁电机，有铁芯直线永磁电机的直线电机线圈绕组35和导磁铁芯34通过绝缘板29与腰板4保持电绝缘。列车的左右两侧还设置上下两层水平导向轮18，导向轮18安装在列车顶部。水平定位导向轮18的外轮缘接触或靠近王字钢轨的腰板4或支撑钢轨的立板7两侧的导向面5，保持左右两侧的磁力间隙基本相等，并保持稳定。列车38的顶部在导磁铁芯34的侧面距离一定间距设置牵引永磁体33，左右直线电机线圈绕组35和导磁铁芯34与牵引永磁体33保持相等的磁力间隙，共同组成有铁芯直线牵引电机，牵引列车行驶。吊轨列车悬空在地面交通车辆的上部空间，可以跨越地面的公交大巴和轿车在上部快速行驶而不会与地面公交系统发生相撞避免互相干扰，可以充分利用地面以上的空间，可以和地铁一样运行独立的信号系统，与地面交通形成不同速度梯度的立体空间运输系统。
如图23所示，为本发明的一种T型四通道快速磁浮轨道综合交通系统。
在人口稠密的大都市的宽阔的道路中央的绿化带上架设钢制T型支架51，T型支架51顶部向两侧延伸铺设基础或箱梁23，箱梁23的上部铺设密闭的真空管道40，真空管道40内铺设前述的复合王字钢轨的永磁悬浮列车轨道系统，两条复合王字钢轨平行设置在轨道的两侧，轨道上行驶高速磁浮列车38，构成真空管道永磁悬浮列车轨道系统。
箱梁23的下部铺设倒置的王字钢轨的永磁浮轨道，两条王字钢轨平行设置在轨道的两侧，王字钢轨可以采用整体导磁材料的王字钢轨，也采用工字悬浮钢轨1。轨道上吊挂设置列车38，中部设置双边无铁芯直线永磁电机，牵引列车行驶。吊轨列车悬空在距离地面2米5以上的上部空间，可以跨越地面的公交大巴和轿车上部快速行驶而不会与地面公交系统互相干扰，可以充分利用地面以上的空间，与地面空间形成不同速度梯度的运输系统。地面公交大巴在时速50公里以内的速度行驶，T型四通道底层吊轨空中客车以时速80公里在市区内行驶，站间距在1-2公里，大量吸纳乘客，出市区后在市郊区间以速度200公里以内的速度行驶，站间距在5-10公里。上部的真空管道超高速列车在市区内以时速200公里行驶，出市区后在市郊区间以速度1200公里以内的速度行驶，站间距在100-200公里，形成全方位的多速度梯度快速运输系统，运输能力超过现有地铁和高铁运输系统。
如图39所示，为本发明的一种L型吊轨磁浮列车轨道系统。
在城市道路两侧的甬道上架设钢制L型支架59，L型支架59顶部向道路侧延伸设置横梁60，横梁60的底部吊挂铺设轨道板，轨道板的下部两端铺设两条倒置的悬浮钢轨，悬浮钢轨整体采用导磁材料的王字钢轨，在王字钢轨的两侧分别设置永磁悬浮组件15，永磁悬浮组件15通过空气弹簧61软性连接在悬挂列车38的顶部的列车转向架39上，永磁悬浮组件15对称设置在王字钢轨的两侧形成向上的悬浮力，悬挂列车38在轨道上行驶。 王字钢轨的工字钢轨的上部腰板4左右两侧对称设置有导向轮18，导向轮18安装在悬挂列车38顶部。水平定位导向轮18的外轮缘接触或靠近王字钢轨的腰板4两侧的导向面5，保持左右两侧的磁力间隙基本相等，并保持稳定。王字钢轨的腰板4两侧设置绝缘柱58，绝缘柱58上固定连接导电轨52。列车38的顶部设置电机64，列车38的顶部还设置受电弓68，受电弓68与导电轨52滑动接触，将轨道电力传导给电机64，电机64带动导向轮18在需要行走时，导向轮18通过增力机构65增大与导向面5的接触压力，导向轮18由电机64驱动旋转牵引悬挂列车38在轨道上行驶。在速度达到需要的速度后，与导向轮18两侧的轴承及轴承座20相连的增力机构65撤掉压力，导向轮18则轻微接触王字钢轨的腰板4两侧的导向面5，低摩擦向前滑行。
基于对称吸力悬浮的原理，本发明的拓展结构如下：
工字悬浮钢轨1可以拆分为对称的槽型钢轨47，王字钢轨可以拆分为对称的E型钢轨45，组成等同于工字悬浮钢轨1和王字钢轨的结构。
如图24所示，E型钢轨45的截面为E字型，E字钢轨由上轭板2、中部的翼板41、下轭板3及一侧的腰板4构成。上轭板2、下轭板3及中部的翼板41的长度相等，端面在同一个平面。
如图25和图26所示，槽型钢轨47的截面为“匚型”，槽型钢轨由竖直的轨腰4和水平的上轭板2、下轭板3构成。为便于加工，竖直的轨腰4的平面端的上部和下部设置向外侧凸起的定位台44，上轭板2和下轭板3之间的轨腰4的侧面设置导向面5，导向面5的表面为平面或弧面。定位台44和轨腰4位置可以设置连接孔46，便于固定连接。
如图27所示，为本发明的一种铺设槽型钢轨或E型钢轨的轨道。在路基或箱梁23的顶部设置轨枕24，轨枕24两侧向上突出设置立板42，如图24左半部所示，立板42的两端背靠背设置槽型钢轨47。槽型钢轨47的上轭板2和下轭板3水平朝外设置，腰板4由紧固件22固定在轨枕24两端的立板42上。如图27右半部所示，立板42的两端背靠背设置E型钢轨45，E型钢轨45的上轭板2、翼板41和下轭板3水平朝外设置，腰板4由紧固件22固定在轨枕24两端的立板42上。
轨道中央设置竖直的无铁芯驱动线圈，主线圈沿竖直方向的无铁芯牵引线圈28通过绝缘座30固定连接在轨枕24的中央。
如图28所示，为本发明的一种铺设槽型钢轨的轨道。
在路基或箱梁23的顶部设置轨枕24，轨枕24两侧向上突出设置4个立板42，立板42的连接面固定连接设置槽型钢轨47的腰板4，两个槽型钢轨47开口相对由紧固件22固定在轨枕24两端的立板42上。两个槽型钢轨47的上轭板2和下轭板3水平朝外并开口相对成对设置在一起，相距一定距离。
如图29所示，为本发明的一种带有铁芯直线电机的对称槽型轨道。
前述的两个背靠背的槽型钢轨47的距离可以加大设置在轨道的两端，即在路基或箱梁23的顶部设置轨枕24，轨枕24两侧设置竖直安装面。两个槽型钢轨47背靠背设置在 轨枕24的两端，上轭板2和下轭板3水平朝外设置，腰板4由紧固件22固定在轨枕24两端。腰板4背部设置凸起的导向定位面5。槽型钢轨47的腰板4由紧固件22固定设置导磁铁芯34和直线电机线圈绕组35，槽型钢轨47内的直线电机线圈绕组35和导磁铁芯34设置在上轭板2和下轭板3之间，左右对称设置在轨道两端。
本发明的对称永磁悬浮系统也可以是以下结构：
如图30所示，在中部设置工字悬浮钢轨1，工字悬浮钢轨1为导磁材料，工字悬浮钢轨1由上轭板2和下轭板3及竖直设置在中间的腰板4组成，腰板4将上轭板2和下轭板3在中部位置连接成一体，工字悬浮钢轨1两侧对称设置永磁悬浮组件15，永磁悬浮组件15由导磁板31和上下两端的悬浮永磁铁13组成，悬浮永磁铁13的磁场方向水平设置，也可以与水平面形成一定角度，角度在0-60度之间，导磁板31由外部的连接弯板11固定连接。永磁悬浮组件15的上下两端的悬浮永磁铁13的端面距离与工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3端面之间的距离相等。左右永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14的左右端面与工字钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3的左右端面的磁力间隙17相等，此时左右永磁悬浮组件15对中间的工字悬浮钢轨1的磁吸力相等，左右磁力分力相互抵消，只有向上的悬浮力。
如图31所示，在C形钢轨48的下方开口的中央略向下位置设置悬浮永磁铁13，悬浮永磁体13的磁场方向沿水平或竖直方向，悬浮永磁体13的左右端面与C形钢轨48的开口端面的磁力间隙17相等。为保证左右磁力间隙相等，与悬浮永磁体13滑动连接有上下双层导向轮18，外缘接触或靠近C形钢轨48的左右侧壁。C形钢轨48对中间的悬浮永磁体13的左右磁吸力刚好相等，此时左右磁力相互抵消，只有向上的悬浮力。
如图32所示，为本发明的倒置复合工字悬浮钢轨的列车轨道系统。
在路基或箱梁23的底部两侧平行设置有工字钢轨，下轭板3延伸成为轨底8。路基或箱梁23的底部的两端的定位凹槽内设置垫板26，两个工字钢轨的轨底8底平面靠在垫板26上，轨底8两端由压板27和紧固件22固定在轨道两端，轨道上吊挂行驶列车38。
如图32左半部所示，倒置的工字钢轨的轨头6的两侧对称设置L形上集磁板12和悬浮永磁体13，上集磁板12为L形，向下有凸起的集磁板的凸台19，集磁板的凸台19下部吸附悬浮永磁体13，悬浮永磁体13下部吸附下集磁板14，两侧L形上集磁板12和悬浮永磁体13由下集磁板14连接为一个开口向上的C形永磁悬浮组件15。永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12侧面与工字钢轨的轨头6左右两侧的磁力间距17相等，左右磁力分力相互抵消，而只存在向上的悬浮力。
如图32右半部所示，倒置的工字钢轨的轨头6的两侧对称设置上集磁板12，上集磁板12为U形，U形上集磁板12开口朝向工字钢轨，上部的端面靠近工字钢轨的轨头6的两侧端面，下部的凸台19端面之间设置悬浮永磁体13。工字钢轨的左右对称设置的U形上集磁板12与下部的悬浮永磁体13连接为一个开口向上的C形永磁悬浮组件15。永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12侧面与工字钢轨的轨头6左右两侧的磁力间隙17相等。
工字钢轨的轨头6下部的C形永磁悬浮组件15向下移动时，左右上集磁板12的侧面与靠近的工字钢轨的轨头6之间形成对称的斜向上方磁吸拉力，磁吸拉力的左右分力彼此平衡，向上的磁吸拉力分力共同形成向上的自动稳定的悬浮力。这种工字钢轨对称永磁悬浮结构可以应用在载荷要求不大的场合。
列车38上部弯臂43位于上集磁板12的上方设置导磁板31，导磁板31上设置牵引永磁体33。
两侧的工字钢轨的腰板4外侧设置有导磁铁芯34，导磁铁芯34内部镶嵌直线电机线圈绕组35。左右直线电机线圈绕组35和导磁铁芯34在工字钢轨的外侧相对轨道中线对称设置。左右导磁铁芯34与牵引永磁体33能够保持相等的磁力间隙，是由位于两侧的工字钢轨内部的左右水平导向轮18定位限制的。
导磁铁芯34与工字钢轨的腰板4之间通过绝缘板29与工字钢轨保持电绝缘。
导磁板31和牵引永磁体33与两侧相距一定距离的直线电机线圈绕组35和导磁铁芯34一起构成单边有铁芯直线永磁电机，牵引列车行驶。
前述的牵引永磁体33和导磁板31可以通过调节机构滑动连接在列车38上，或者安装在列车的转向架39上，便于调节牵引电机的磁力间隙。
前述的水平导向轮18和轮轴21通过调节机构滑动连接在列车38上，或者安装在列车的转向架39上，以便于调节水平导向轮18与轨道的间隙，以便调节左右永磁悬浮组件15的磁力间隙17。
根据实际需要，永磁悬浮组件15的上集磁板12和下集磁板14的距离与工字悬浮钢轨1的上轭板2和下轭板3的距离也可以不必严格相等，以便获得需要的悬浮效果。
工字悬浮钢轨1的腰板4、上轭板2及下轭板3与翼板41之间的导向面5设置耐磨板，以便延长使用寿命。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种悬浮钢轨，其特征在于：所述悬浮钢轨为整体截面为工字型的工字悬浮钢轨(1)，其材料为导磁材料，所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)由上轭板(2)和下轭板(3)及竖直设置在中间的腰板(4)组成，所述腰板(4)将所述上轭板(2)和所述下轭板(3)在中部位置连接成一体，所述上轭板(2)的顶部的表面为平面或弧面或凸出的拱形台；当所述上轭板(2)的顶部的表面为弧面或拱形台时称为轨头(6)，所述上轭板(2)和所述下轭板(3)的左右宽度和厚度基本相等，所述悬浮钢轨的截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成工字钢轨。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的悬浮钢轨，其特征在于：所述悬浮钢轨的下部还设有支撑钢轨，所述支撑钢轨为倒T型钢轨(9)，所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)为导磁材料，所述倒T型钢轨(9)为非导磁材料，所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)设置在上部，所述倒T型钢轨(9)设置在下部，所述倒T型钢轨(9)为完整连续的钢轨或每间隔一段距离与所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)固定连接成截面为王字型的钢轨；当所述倒T型钢轨(9)为导磁材料时，所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)和所述倒T型钢轨(9)设置成一体式王字结构；所述悬浮钢轨的截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的王字钢轨。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的悬浮钢轨，其特征在于：所述悬浮钢轨的下部还设有支撑钢轨，所述支撑钢轨为倒π型钢轨(10)，所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)为导磁材料，所述倒π型钢轨(10)为非导磁材料或导磁材料，所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)设置在上部，所述倒π型钢轨(10)设置在下部，所述倒π型钢轨(10)为完整连续的钢轨或每间隔一段距离与上部的工字悬浮钢轨(1)固定连接在一起。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的悬浮钢轨，其特征在于：所述悬浮钢轨的下部还设有支撑钢轨，所述支撑钢轨为工字钢轨(1’)，所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)为导磁材料，所述工字钢轨(1’)为非导磁材料或导磁材料，所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)设置在上部，所述工字钢轨(1’)设置在下部，所述工字钢轨(1’)的平板等于或短于所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)，所述工字钢轨(1’)为完整连续的钢轨或每间隔一段距离与所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)固定连接在一起。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的悬浮钢轨，其特征在于：所述悬浮钢轨的下部还设有支撑钢轨，所述支撑钢轨为土字钢轨，所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)为导磁材料，所述土字钢轨为非导磁材料或导磁材料，所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)设置在上部，所述土字钢轨设置在下部，所述土字钢轨为完整连续的钢轨或每间隔一段距离与所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)固定连接在一起。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的悬浮钢轨，其特征在于：所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)的腰板(4)中部设置有左右对称的翼板(41)，所述翼板(41)的数量为一对或一对以上。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的悬浮钢轨，其特征在于：所述悬浮钢轨的上轭板(2)或下轭板(3)或腰板(4)或翼板(41)或支撑钢轨的立板(7)的两侧设置导向面(5)，导向面(5)为平面或弧面；所述悬浮钢轨的上轭板(2)和下轭板(3)或翼板(41)的上下面是平面或设置斜度。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的悬浮钢轨，其特征在于：所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)或王字悬浮钢轨是由槽型钢轨(47)或E型钢轨(45)分解组成；
    所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)分解为对称的槽型钢轨(47)，所述槽型钢轨(47)的截面为“匚”型，所述槽型钢轨(47)由竖直的腰板(4)和上下端水平的轭板构成，竖直的腰板(4)的平面端的上部和下部设置向外侧凸起的定位台(44)，腰板(4)的上下轭板之间设置导向面(5)，导向面(5)的表面的为平面，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的钢轨；
    所述王字悬浮钢轨分解为对称的E型钢轨(45)，所述E型钢轨(45)的截面为“E”型，所述E型钢轨(45)由竖直的腰板(4)和上下端水平的轭板构成，在所述腰板(4)中部设置翼板(41)，该截面沿直线或曲线延伸而成的钢轨。
  9. 一种永磁悬浮轨道，其特征在于：在路基或箱梁(23)的顶部或底部的轨道两侧设置有如权利要求1-8任意权利要求所述悬浮钢轨，左右两条悬浮钢轨由紧固件(22)平行固定设置在轨道的两端；轨道通过绝缘板(29)或绝缘座(30)或直接固定设置直线电机的牵引线圈(28)；
    所述牵引线圈(28)的安装方式包括下列方式之一或其组合：
    a、所述牵引线圈(28)为无铁芯牵引线圈，通过绝缘座(30)固定连接在轨道的中央或两侧；
    b、所述牵引线圈(28)为嵌入导磁铁芯(34)的直线电机线圈绕组(35)，通过绝缘板(29)或直接固定连接在所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)一侧或两侧；
    c、所述牵引线圈(28)为嵌入导磁铁芯(34)的直线电机线圈绕组(35)，通过绝缘板(29)或直接固定连接在轨道的中央或两侧。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的永磁悬浮轨道，其特征在于：当所述悬浮钢轨为权利要求8所述的形式时，两个槽型钢轨(47)的平面端固定在所述轨枕(24)两端竖直的立板(42)上，左右两个槽型钢轨(47)的开口相对或背靠背固定在轨枕(24)的两端；所述E型钢轨(45)分解为对称的E型钢轨(45)，两个E型钢轨(45)的平面端固定在轨枕(24)两端的立板(42)上，左右两个E型钢轨(45)的开口相对或背靠背固定在轨枕(24)的两端。
  11. 一种对称永磁悬浮轨道系统，其特征在于：所述永磁悬浮系统(16)的中部设置1-7所述悬浮钢轨，在所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)两侧对称设置永磁悬浮组件(15)，所述永 磁悬浮组件(15)由上集磁板(12)和下集磁板(14)及之间的悬浮永磁铁(13)组成，所述永磁悬浮组件(15)的上集磁板(12)和下集磁板(14)的距离与所述悬浮钢轨的上轭板(2)和下轭板(3)的距离相等，所述左右永磁悬浮组件(15)的上集磁板(12)和下集磁板(14)的左右端面与所述上轭板(2)和所述下轭板(3)的左右端面的磁力间隙(17)相等，左右所述永磁悬浮组件(15)的上集磁板(12)和下集磁板(14)与所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)的上轭板(2)和下轭板(3)上下方向错开一定距离。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的对称永磁悬浮轨道系统，其特征在于：所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)两侧对称设置的永磁悬浮组件(15)的上集磁板(12)和下集磁板(14)由外部的连接弯板(11)固定连接，所述连接弯板(11)或上集磁板(12)和下集磁板(14)上直接或间接设置导向轮(18)，所述导向轮(18)的外缘靠近或接触所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)两侧的导向面(5)；所述导向轮(18)设置在所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)的导向面(5)一侧或两侧，亦或者设置在所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)外部的导向面(5)的一侧或两侧。
  13. 一种永磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征在于：基于权利要求12所述的对称永磁悬浮轨道系统，在所述永磁悬浮轨道上行驶列车(38)，所述永磁悬浮组件(15)及连接弯板(11)对称设置在所述列车(38)的左右两侧或者设置在所述列车(38)的中部；所述导向轮(18)由轮轴(21)和轴承及轴承座(20)滑动连接在列车(38)上，所述导向轮(18)的外缘靠近或接触在所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)的内部或外部的导向面(5)，以保持永磁悬浮组件(15)对称设置在所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)两侧。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的永磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征在于：所述列车(38)连接与所述牵引线圈(28)保持一定间隙的牵引永磁体(33)，所述列车(38)上的牵引永磁体(33)与轨道上的牵引线圈(28)构成永磁直线电机；所述牵引线圈(28)或者所述导磁铁芯(34)的两侧等间距设置所述牵引永磁体(33)或者通过伸缩机构(56)设置带有磁铁滑座(57)的牵引永磁体(33)。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的永磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征在于：所述导向轮(18)设置在所述轴承支架(62)上通过轮轴(63)与电机(64)相连，通过电机(64)驱动所述导向轮(18)的启动、加速或减速运动；所述轴承支架(62)连接增力机构(54)调节控制导向轮(18)对悬浮钢轨的导向面(5)的接触压力。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的永磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征在于：所述连接弯板(11)的一侧设置有上稳定臂(55)或者下稳定臂(63)，所述上稳定臂(55)或者下稳定臂(63)之间设有连杆(54)，当两个所述永磁悬浮系统(16)相对设置时，所述上稳定臂(55)和所述下稳定臂(63)与连杆(54)相互构成平行四边形结构；所述连接弯板(11)或上集磁板(12)和下集磁板(14)上直接或间接设有轴承支架(62)，所述导向轮(18)设置在所述轴承支架(62)上。
  17. 根据权利要求14-16中任一项所述的永磁悬浮列车轨道系统，其特征在于，所述 对称永磁悬浮轨道的建设方式包括下列方式之一或其组合：
    a、所述路基或箱梁(23)的建设形式为倒L型支架(49)，倒L型支架(49)的钢制或混凝土的立柱上部一侧设置横梁，横梁的下方设置吊挂式永磁悬浮轨道系统；
    b、所述路基或箱梁(23)的建设形式为倒L型支架(49)，倒L型支架(49)的钢制或混凝土的立柱上部一侧设置横梁，横梁的下方设置吊挂式永磁悬浮轨道系统，横梁或立柱的上方设置前述的永磁悬浮轨道；
    c、所述路基或箱梁(23)的建设形式为T型支架(51)，T型支架(51)的钢制或混凝土的立柱上部设置横梁，横梁的下方设置吊挂式永磁悬浮轨道系统，横梁的上方设置前述的永磁悬浮轨道；
    d、所述永磁悬浮轨道的外部设置真空管道(40)。
  18. 根据权利要求11所述的对称永磁悬浮轨道系统，其特征在于，所述永磁悬浮组件(15)及工字悬浮钢轨(1)的结构包括下列方式之一或其组合：
    a、所述永磁悬浮组件(15)由外部的导磁板(31)和上下两端的悬浮永磁铁(13)组成，所述悬浮永磁铁(13)的磁场方向与水平面形成0-60度之间的角度，所述导磁板(31)由外部的连接弯板(11)固定连接，所述永磁悬浮组件(15)的上下两端的悬浮永磁铁(13)的端面距离与所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)的上轭板(2)和下轭板(3)之间的距离相等，左右所述永磁悬浮组件(15)的上下两端的悬浮永磁铁(13)的端面的与所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)的上轭板(2)和下轭板(3)的左右端面的磁力间隙(17)相等。
    b、所述悬浮钢轨为C型钢轨(48)的形式时，在C型钢轨(48)的下方开口的中央位置设置悬浮永磁铁(13)，悬浮永磁体(13)的磁场方向沿水平或竖直方向，悬浮永磁体(13)的左右端面与C型钢轨(48)的开口端面的磁力间隙(17)相等；
    c、倒置的所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)的轨头(6)的两侧对称设置上集磁板(12)，上集磁板(12)为L形，向下有凸起的集磁板凸台(19)，集磁板凸台(19)下部吸附悬浮永磁体(13)，悬浮永磁体(13)下部吸附下集磁板(14)；所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)的左右对称设置L形上集磁板(12)和悬浮永磁体(13)，下部由下集磁板(14)连接为一个开口向上的C形永磁悬浮组件(15)；永磁悬浮组件(15)的上集磁板(12)侧面与轨头(6)左右两侧的磁力间距相等；
    d、倒置的所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)的轨头(6)的两侧对称设置上集磁板(12)，上集磁板(12)为U形，U形上集磁板(12)开口朝向工字悬浮钢轨(1)，上部的端面靠近轨头(6)的两侧端面，下部的集磁板凸台(19)端面之间设置悬浮永磁体(13)；所述工字悬浮钢轨(1)的左右对称设置U形上集磁板(12)，与下部的悬浮永磁体(13)连接为一个开口向上的C形永磁悬浮组件(15)，永磁悬浮组件(15)的上集磁板(12)侧面与轨头(6)左右两侧的磁力间距相等。
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