WO2021060179A1 - ポリカーボネート系繊維および繊維構造体ならびに樹脂複合体 - Google Patents
ポリカーボネート系繊維および繊維構造体ならびに樹脂複合体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021060179A1 WO2021060179A1 PCT/JP2020/035432 JP2020035432W WO2021060179A1 WO 2021060179 A1 WO2021060179 A1 WO 2021060179A1 JP 2020035432 W JP2020035432 W JP 2020035432W WO 2021060179 A1 WO2021060179 A1 WO 2021060179A1
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- Prior art keywords
- polycarbonate
- fiber
- less
- resin
- molecular weight
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 phosphate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical group C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 34
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQPNUOYXSVUVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(4-diphenoxyphosphoryloxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl] diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OP(=O)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 BQPNUOYXSVUVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012773 agricultural material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012770 industrial material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- YAOMHRRYSRRRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloropropyl 2,3-dichloropropyl 3,3-dichloropropyl phosphate Chemical compound ClC(Cl)CCOP(=O)(OC(Cl)C(Cl)C)OCC(Cl)CCl YAOMHRRYSRRRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010016654 Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000003403 Limnocharis flava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000278243 Limnocharis flava Species 0.000 description 1
- CGSLYBDCEGBZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octicizer Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(OCC(CC)CCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CGSLYBDCEGBZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004761 fibrosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOWVWXQNQNCRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4-dimethylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC(C)=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C KOWVWXQNQNCRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTRSAMFYSUBAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(Cl)COP(=O)(OCC(C)Cl)OCC(C)Cl GTRSAMFYSUBAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/10—Melt spinning methods using organic materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/07—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making fire- or flame-proof filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
- D01F6/64—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters from polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/04—Melting filament-forming substances
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/94—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of other polycondensation products
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
- D10B2331/042—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET] aromatic polyesters, e.g. vectran
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/20—Physical properties optical
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polycarbonate fiber having a specific orientation and / or a birefringence value and a fiber structure using the fiber, and further to a resin composite obtained by melting the fiber and using it as a matrix.
- Polycarbonate resin has high impact resistance, so it is used as a panel and board, as well as for light covers of automobiles and helmets of motorcycles by injection molding.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-146210 describes a multifilament yarn obtained by melt-spinning or further drawing polycarbonate, and the birefringence of the multifilament yarn is 0.01 or more and 0.
- a polycarbonate multifilament yarn for a molded product base resin which is characterized by having a breaking elongation of .03 or less and a breaking elongation of 40% or more and 100% or less, has been proposed.
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No. 2014/0210864
- a polycarbonate-based fiber is obtained by melt-spinning a polycarbonate-based resin, and a polycarbonate-based fiber, a carbon fiber, and a binder fiber are mixed and extracted to form a dry non-woven fabric. It has been proposed to form the dry non-woven fabric and further superimpose the dry non-woven fabric to melt the polycarbonate fiber by thermal pressure bonding to form a resin composite.
- the polycarbonate fiber obtained in Patent Document 1 is made by spinning a polycarbonate resin having a high molecular weight at a low temperature, the degree of orientation of the polycarbonate fiber cannot be controlled within a predetermined range. Further, since the melt molding temperature of the molded product using the polycarbonate fiber is only 250 ° C., the obtained molded product is not excellent in heat resistance under high temperature.
- the present inventors need to secure not only the fluidity at the time of molding but also the physical properties of the molded product in the polycarbonate fiber useful as the base material of the molded product.
- the spinning temperature which was used in the conventional spinning process, was further increased to improve the kneadability of the resin
- the orientation and / or birefringence of the polycarbonate fibers obtained by ejection was determined. It was found that it can be controlled within the range of.
- the polycarbonate fiber having such orientation and / or birefringence is a fiber during the melt molding process even when it is melted at a high temperature and used as a base material of a molded product.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that the moldability can be improved because the shrinkage generated in the case can be reduced, the resin unevenness of the molded product can be suppressed, and the warp, distortion, etc. can be suppressed.
- the present invention can be configured in the following aspects.
- Polycarbonate type having an orientation degree ft represented by the following formula of less than 0.70 (preferably 0.68 or less, more preferably 0.65 or less, still more preferably 0.62 or less, particularly preferably 0.61 or less).
- fiber. ft 1- (1.0 / C) 2 C: Measured sound velocity value (km / sec)
- the degree of orientation ft represented by the following formula is less than 0.70 (preferably 0.68 or less, more preferably 0.65 or less, still more preferably 0.62 or less, particularly preferably 0.61 or less), and the compound.
- a polycarbonate fiber having a refractive value of 0.040 or less (preferably 0.035 or less, more preferably 0.030 or less, still more preferably 0.025 or less, particularly preferably less than 0.010).
- ft 1- (1.0 / C) 2 C: Measured sound velocity value (km / sec)
- Mn number average molecular weight
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the birefringence value is 0.040 or less (preferably 0.035 or less, more preferably 0.030 or less, still more preferably 0.025 or less, particularly preferably less than 0.010), and the polycarbonate constituting the polycarbonate-based fiber.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the based resin is 12,000 to 40,000 (preferably 15500 to 25,000), and / or the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 25,000 to 80,000 (preferably 35,000 to 65,000, more preferably 45,000 to 55,000).
- Polycarbonate fiber [Aspect 5] 2.
- the elastic modulus of the fiber is 30 cN / dtex or less (preferably 27 cN / dtex or less, more preferably 25 cN / dtex or less). ..
- the fiber structure according to the thirteenth aspect which is a mixed yarn, a woven or knitted fabric, or a non-woven fabric.
- a method for producing a polycarbonate fiber comprising a discharge step and a take-up step of winding the discharged yarn at a predetermined take-up speed.
- the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention can reduce the shrinkage that occurs in the fibers during the melt molding process at a high temperature, and as a result, suppresses resin unevenness, warpage, distortion, etc. of the molded product. Therefore, the moldability can be improved.
- the polycarbonate-based resin used in the present invention is a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula, and is not particularly limited as long as it has melt moldability.
- X is a direct bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkylidene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms, and 5 to 15 carbon atoms. It may be a cycloalkylidene group having a carbon atom of, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -CO-, -SO-, -SO 2- .
- the polycarbonate resin preferably has a bisphenol A skeleton in which X is a methylene group.
- the ratio (mol%) of the bisphenol A skeleton to the whole may be 65% or more, preferably 75% or more.
- the polycarbonate resin may have a branched chain, but the degree of branching thereof is preferably less than 0.1 mol%.
- the degree of branching is represented by the ratio (mol%) of the total number of moles of the branched structural units to 1 mole of the repeating unit of polycarbonate.
- the branched structural unit means a repeating unit in which an ester bond (-COO-) is bonded as a substituent to the aromatic ring in the repeating unit.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polycarbonate resin used in the present invention may be about 25,000 to 80,000, preferably about 35,000 to 65,000, and more preferably about 45,000 to 55,000. If the weight average molecular weight is less than the above range, the dimensional stability of the obtained fiber and the mechanical characteristics of the molded product such as a composite may be deteriorated. Further, when the weight average molecular weight exceeds the above range, the melt-spinnability in fibrosis and the impregnation property in the composite may decrease.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polycarbonate resin may be about 12,000 to 40,000, preferably about 15500 to 25,000. When the number average molecular weight is in the above range, the dimensional stability of the obtained fiber and the mechanical characteristics of the molded product such as a composite are good.
- the polycarbonate resin used in the present invention has a molecular weight distribution which is a ratio of a weight average molecular weight (Mw) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) from the viewpoint of fluidity during melt spinning and physical properties of the polycarbonate fiber and its molded product (Mn).
- Mw / Mn may be 2.0 to 4.0 (for example, 2.2 to 4.0), preferably 2.5 to 3.5, and more preferably 2.7 to 3.3. , Particularly preferably 2.7 to 3.1.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn), weight average molecular weight (Mw), and molecular weight distribution can be calculated in terms of polystyrene by, for example, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), which is a type of size exclusion chromatography (SEC). it can.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- SEC size exclusion chromatography
- the melt viscosity of the polycarbonate resin may be, for example, 600 to 4000 poise, more preferably 800 to 3000 poise at 320 ° C. and a shear rate of 1000 sec -1.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) measured according to ISO 1183 of the polycarbonate resin may be, for example, 8 to 20 g / 10 min, and more preferably 11 to 18 g / 10 min.
- the polycarbonate-based resin used in the present invention contains a flame retardant, a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant radical inhibitor, a matting agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a dye pigment, and other polymers as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. May be good.
- the polycarbonate resin contains a flame retardant.
- a flame retardant can be appropriately selected as long as it can be melt-spun, but a phosphorus-based flame retardant is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing aggregation of the flame retardant.
- triphenyl phosphate system aromatic condensed phosphate system, tricresyl phosphate system, trixylenyl phosphate system, cresyl phenyl phosphate system, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate system, aromatic phosphate system.
- Tris (dichloropropyl) phosphate type Tris ( ⁇ -chloropropyl) phosphate type
- Phosphate type flame retardant such as halogen phosphate type
- Phosphate type flame retardant such as polyphosphate type, Phosphazen type flame retardant , Red phosphorus flame retardant and the like.
- These flame retardants may also contain a copolymer.
- a phosphate ester-based flame retardant a phosphate flame retardant, and a phosphazene-based flame retardant are preferable.
- the phosphorus-based flame retardant may be contained in the polycarbonate fiber, for example, about 20,000 to 20,000 ppm in terms of phosphorus, and preferably about 40 to 18,000 ppm.
- the degree of orientation of the polycarbonate fibers may be less than 0.70, preferably 0.68 or less, more preferably 0.65 or less, still more preferably 0.62 or less, and particularly preferably 0.61 or less. You may.
- the lower limit of the degree of orientation is not particularly limited, but may be 0.1 or more.
- the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention may have a birefringence value controlled within a specific range, probably because it is produced by a specific production method, and the birefringence value may be 0.040 or less. It may be preferably 0.035 or less, more preferably 0.030 or less, still more preferably 0.025 or less, and particularly preferably less than 0.010.
- the lower limit of the birefringence value is not particularly limited, but may be 0.0001 or more.
- the birefringence value is a value measured by the method described in Examples described later.
- the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention is preferably excellent in flame retardancy, and for example, the critical oxygen index value (LOI value) of the fiber may be 22.0 or more, preferably 23.0 or more. , More preferably 24.0 or more, still more preferably 26.0 or more, and particularly preferably 28.0 or more. Further, the higher the critical oxygen index value is, the more preferable it is, but in many cases, it is 40 or less. Further, the critical oxygen index value (LOI value) of the resin (which may contain a flame retardant) constituting the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention may be in the above range.
- the limit oxygen index value of the fiber referred to here is a value measured by the method described in Examples described later.
- the single yarn fineness may be set according to the application, and the single yarn fineness may be, for example, 10 dtex or less.
- the single yarn fineness of the polycarbonate fiber may be preferably 4.5 dtex or less, more preferably 3.5 dtex or less, from the viewpoint of mixed extractability with the reinforcing fiber.
- the lower limit of the single yarn fineness is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 0.3 dtex.
- the coefficient of variation of the fiber diameter can be reduced.
- the coefficient of variation of the fiber diameter may be 15% or less, preferably 10% or less, and more preferably 5% or less.
- the coefficient of variation of the fiber diameter is a value measured by the method described in Examples described later. Further, the smaller the coefficient of variation is, the more the melt uniformity when the fiber is melt-molded can be improved, which is preferable.
- the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention may have, for example, a fiber strength (breaking strength) at room temperature of 0.8 cN / dtex or more, preferably 1.0 cN / dtex or more.
- the upper limit of the fiber strength is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 4.0 cN / dtex.
- the fiber strength is a value measured by the method described in Examples described later.
- the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention may have, for example, a breaking elongation at room temperature (25 ° C.) of 20% or more, preferably 40% or more, more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 103% or more. It may be.
- the upper limit of the elongation at break is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 200%.
- the breaking elongation is a value measured by the method described in Examples described later.
- the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention may have an elastic modulus at room temperature of 30 cN / dtex or less, preferably 27 cN / dtex or less, and more preferably 25 cN / dtex or less. Good.
- the lower limit of the elastic modulus is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 5 cN / dtex.
- the elastic modulus is a value measured by the method described in Examples described later.
- the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention may have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 135 ° C. or higher, preferably 140 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 145 ° C. or higher.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the glass transition temperature is a value measured by the method described in Examples described later.
- the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention can reduce the dry heat shrinkage rate at a high temperature (for example, about 110 to 170 ° C.) from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of resin spots, warpage, distortion, etc. of the molded product. it can.
- the dry heat shrinkage rate under no tension at 140 ° C. may be 8% or less, preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3.5% or less, still more preferably 2% or less, and particularly preferably 1. It may be 5.5% or less.
- the lower limit of the dry heat shrinkage rate is not particularly limited and is preferably 0%, but may be, for example, about 0.5%.
- the dry heat shrinkage rate is a value measured by the method described in Examples described later.
- the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention can achieve a specific degree of orientation and / or birefringence value by performing melt spinning at a high temperature.
- the method for producing the polycarbonate fiber includes a melt kneading step of obtaining a molten polymer in which the polycarbonate resin is melt-kneaded at a high temperature (for example, 305 ° C. or higher), and a discharge step of discharging the molten polymer from a spinning nozzle in a predetermined amount. Includes a winding step of winding the discharged yarn (or molten raw yarn) at a predetermined take-up speed (or spinning speed).
- a known melt spinning device can be used for melt spinning of the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention.
- a polycarbonate resin pellet is melt-kneaded with a melt extruder to guide the molten polymer to a spinning cylinder.
- the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention can be produced by weighing the molten polymer with a gear pump, discharging a predetermined amount from the spinning nozzle, and winding the obtained yarn. Since the yarn wound after melt spinning has a desired fineness at the stage of winding, it can be used as it is without being drawn.
- the heating temperature can be appropriately set according to the type of the polycarbonate-based resin, but from the viewpoint of controlling the degree of orientation and / or the birefringence value of the polycarbonate-based fibers, the heating temperature is 305 ° C. or higher. It may be preferably, more preferably 310 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 315 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature varies depending on the decomposition temperature of the resin, but may be, for example, about 350 ° C.
- the size of the spinning hole (single hole) in the spinneret is, for example, about 0.02 to 1 mm 2 , preferably about 0.03 to 0.5 mm 2 , and more preferably about 0.05 to 0.15 mm 2. You may.
- the shape of the spinning hole can be appropriately selected according to the required fiber cross-sectional shape.
- a nozzle having a tapered hole may be used. In particular, it may be a tapered hole whose diameter is increased in the discharge direction at an angle of 3 to 25 ° with respect to the central axis of the discharge hole of the spinneret.
- the discharge amount from the spinning nozzle can be appropriately set according to the number of holes and the hole diameter of the nozzle, but may be, for example, about 10 to 300 g / min, preferably about 20 to 280 g / min.
- the discharge rate from the spinning nozzle can be appropriately set according to the viscosity of the molten polymer at the spinning temperature, the pore diameter of the nozzle, and the discharge amount, but by making it relatively low, the shear stress applied to the molten polymer in the nozzle is applied. Can be reduced.
- the discharge rate may be in the range of 2.54 to 42.4 m / min, preferably 4.24 to 33.9 m / min, more preferably 4.24 to 25.4 m / min. May be good.
- the take-up speed (spinning speed) at that time can be appropriately set according to the hole diameter and the discharge amount of the nozzle, but from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of molecular orientation on the spinning line, 500 to 4000 m / It is preferable to pick up in the range of minutes, more preferably 600 to 3000 m / min, still more preferably 800 to 2500 m / min, and particularly preferably 800 to 2000 m / min.
- the draft (ratio of discharge speed to take-up speed) during spinning may be, for example, in the range of 2 to 300, preferably 5 to 200, and more preferably 20 from the viewpoint of adjusting the orientation of the fibers. It may be in the range of ⁇ 150, more preferably 30-100.
- the polycarbonate fiber in the present invention is not stretched as it is or has an infinitely low draw ratio with respect to the yarn discharged from the spinning nozzle (for example, the draw ratio is 1. It is preferable to set (about 0 to 1.3) and stretch.
- the polycarbonate fibers of the present invention can be used in all fiber forms such as staple fibers, shortcut fibers, filament yarns, spun yarns, cords and ropes. Further, the polycarbonate fiber may be a non-composite fiber or a composite fiber.
- the cross-sectional shape of the fiber is not particularly limited, and may have a circular, hollow, or star-shaped cross-sectional shape.
- the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention can also be used as a cloth.
- the shape of the cloth is not particularly limited as long as the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention is used, and the shape of the cloth includes various cloths such as non-woven fabric (including paper), woven fabric, and knitted fabric. Such fabrics can be produced using polycarbonate fibers by known or conventional methods.
- the uniformity can be improved when the polycarbonate-based fabric is melted to form a resin composite. Further, even in the case of a non-woven fabric, it is preferable because a non-woven fabric having excellent mixed extractability can be formed.
- Polycarbonate fibers may be combined with other fibers as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the polycarbonate-based fabric contains, for example, the polycarbonate-based fiber according to the present invention as a main fiber, and the proportion thereof is 50% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, particularly 90% by mass or more, based on the whole. You may be. By using such a cloth (particularly paper or non-woven fabric), it is possible to obtain a cloth that makes the best use of the characteristics of the polycarbonate fiber.
- Polycarbonate fibers and polycarbonate fabrics are extremely effective in various shapes, including industrial materials, agricultural materials, civil engineering materials, electrical and electronic fields, optical materials, aircraft, automobiles, and ships. Can be used for.
- the method for producing a resin composite of the present invention includes at least a step of preparing the polycarbonate fiber or cloth and a heat molding step of heating the polycarbonate fiber or cloth at a glass transition temperature or higher.
- the heat molding method is not particularly limited as long as the polycarbonate fibers or fabrics are melted and integrated, and a general resin composite molding method is preferably used.
- the resin composite When the resin composite is heat-molded, it may be molded under pressure.
- the pressure is not particularly limited, but is usually carried out at a pressure of 0.05 N / mm 2 or more (for example, 0.05 to 15 N / mm 2).
- the time for heat molding is also not particularly limited, but it is usually preferably 30 minutes or less because the polymer may deteriorate when exposed to high temperature for a long time.
- the shape of the resin composite is not particularly limited and can be appropriately set according to the purpose. It is also possible to perform heat molding by laminating a plurality of fabrics having different specifications or separately arranging fabrics having different specifications in a mold of a certain size. In some cases, it can be molded together with other reinforcing fiber woven fabrics or resin composites. Then, depending on the purpose, the resin composite obtained by heat-molding once can be heat-molded again.
- the density of the resin composite of the present invention is preferably 2.00 g / cm 3 or less. If the density is larger than 2.00 g / m 3 , it cannot be said that it is a resin composite that contributes to weight reduction, and its use may be limited. It is preferably 1.95 g / cm 3 or less, and more preferably 1.90 g / cm 3 or less.
- the lower limit of the density is appropriately determined depending on the selection of the material and the like, but may be, for example, about 0.5 g / cm 3.
- the resin composite of the present invention preferably has a thickness of 0.3 mm or more (preferably 0.5 mm or more). If the thickness is too thin, the strength of the obtained resin composite will be low and the production cost will be high. It is more preferably 0.7 mm or more, still more preferably 1 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness can be appropriately set according to the thickness required for the resin composite, but may be, for example, about 10 mm.
- the resin composite of the present invention not only has excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance, but can also be manufactured at low cost without requiring a special process. Therefore, for example, a personal computer, a display, an OA device, a mobile phone, and a mobile information. Chassis for terminals, digital video cameras, optical equipment, audio, air conditioners, lighting equipment, toy supplies, electricity, electronic equipment parts, and other home appliances; civil engineering and building materials such as interior materials, exterior materials, columns, panels, and reinforcing materials.
- Vehicle interior parts such as instrument panels, seat frames, door trims, pillar trims, handles, and various modules; chassis, trays, skins, or body parts, bumpers, moldings, undercovers, engine covers, straightening vanes, spoilers, cowl louvers.
- Vehicle exterior parts such as aero parts; Motor parts, CNG tanks, gasoline tanks, fuel pumps, air intakes, intake manifolds, carburetor main bodies, carburetor spacers, various pipes, various valves and other vehicle fuel systems, exhaust systems, Alternatively, it is suitably used as an intake system component; a drone / aircraft component such as a landing gear pod, a winglet, a spoiler, an edge, a rudder, an elevator, a failing, and a rib.
- a drone / aircraft component such as a landing gear pod, a winglet, a spoiler, an edge, a rudder, an elevator, a failing, and a rib.
- the degree of orientation of the entire molecule was determined from the speed of sound.
- ⁇ n R / d ⁇ n: birefringence value, R: retardation (nm), d: fiber thickness (nm)
- Glass transition temperature Tg (° C) The glass transition temperature of the fiber was measured by raising the temperature to 350 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min under a nitrogen atmosphere using "TA3000-DSC" manufactured by METTLER TEPCO. The glass transition temperature was determined as the inflection point of the DSC chart.
- This resin is melt-extruded by a twin-screw extruder, discharged from a round hole nozzle of 0.2 mm ⁇ ⁇ 100 holes at a spinning temperature of 320 ° C., the ratio (draft) of the discharge speed to the winding speed is adjusted to 143, and winding is performed.
- the take-up speed was 1500 m / min.
- the single yarn fineness of the obtained raw yarn was 2.2 dtex, and the Tg was 145 ° C.
- the obtained fibers were evaluated and the results are shown in Table 1.
- This resin is melt-extruded by a twin-screw extruder, discharged from a round hole nozzle of 0.2 mm ⁇ ⁇ 100 holes at a spinning temperature of 320 ° C., the ratio (draft) of the discharge speed to the winding speed is adjusted to 95, and winding is performed.
- the take-up speed was 1000 m / min.
- the single yarn fineness of the obtained raw yarn was 3.3 dtex, and the Tg was 145 ° C.
- the obtained fibers were evaluated and the results are shown in Table 1.
- This resin is melt-extruded by a twin-screw extruder, discharged from a round hole nozzle of 0.2 mm ⁇ ⁇ 100 holes at a spinning temperature of 320 ° C., the ratio (draft) of the discharge speed to the winding speed is adjusted to 63, and winding is performed.
- the take-up speed was 666 m / min.
- the single yarn fineness of the obtained raw yarn was 4.9 dtex, and the Tg was 145 ° C.
- the obtained fibers were evaluated and the results are shown in Table 1.
- This resin is melt-extruded by a twin-screw extruder, discharged from a round hole nozzle of 0.2 mm ⁇ ⁇ 100 holes at a spinning temperature of 300 ° C., the ratio (draft) of the discharge speed to the winding speed is adjusted to 63, and winding is performed.
- the take-up speed was 666 m / min.
- the single yarn fineness of the obtained raw yarn was 4.9 dtex.
- the obtained fibers were evaluated and the results are shown in Table 1.
- the degree of orientation and the birefringence value of the polycarbonate fibers can be controlled within a predetermined range by melt spinning at a high temperature, and the dry heat shrinkage rate can be reduced. Therefore, defects such as resin spots, warpage, and distortion of the melt-molded product can be suppressed. Further, in these examples, even when the fiber diameter is small, the coefficient of variation of the fiber diameter can be reduced and the handleability is good.
- the obtained fiber has strength that does not cause any problem in practical use, has high elongation, and has improved flame retardancy.
- Comparative Example 1 not only the molecular weight is high and the melt-spinnability is poor, but also the obtained fiber cannot control the degree of orientation and the birefringence value, and the dry heat shrinkage rate is also large. Therefore, it is difficult to suppress defects such as resin spots, warpage, and distortion of the melt-molded product. Further, in Comparative Example 1, since the coefficient of variation of the fiber diameter is high, fiber unevenness exists and the handleability is inferior.
- Comparative Example 2 Although the melt-spinnability was good, the obtained fiber had an orientation and a birefringence value outside the range of the present invention, and had a large dry heat shrinkage rate. Therefore, it is difficult to suppress defects such as resin spots, warpage, and distortion of the melt-molded product. Further, in Comparative Example 2, since the coefficient of variation of the fiber diameter is higher than that in Example, it is inferior to that in Example in terms of handleability.
- the fiber structure made of the polycarbonate fiber of the present invention can be suitably used in various applications, and can also be used as a resin composite obtained by melting the polycarbonate fiber and forming a matrix.
- Such fiber structures and resin composites are used in general industrial materials, electrical / electronic fields, civil engineering / construction fields, aircraft / automobile / railway / ship fields, agricultural materials fields, optical materials fields, medical materials fields, etc. , Can be used extremely effectively.
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Abstract
Description
そして、そのような配向性および/または複屈折性を有するポリカーボネート系繊維は、驚くべきことに、高温下において溶融させて成形体の母材として用いた場合であっても、溶融成形加工時に繊維に発生する収縮を低減でき、成形体の樹脂斑を抑制できるだけでなく、反り、歪みなどを抑制できるため、成形性を向上することができることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
〔態様1〕
下記式で示される配向度ftが0.70未満(好ましくは0.68以下、より好ましくは0.65以下、さらに好ましくは0.62以下、特に好ましくは0.61以下)である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
ft=1-(1.0/C)2
C:実測した音速値(km/sec)
〔態様2〕
下記式で示される配向度ftが0.70未満(好ましくは0.68以下、より好ましくは0.65以下、さらに好ましくは0.62以下、特に好ましくは0.61以下)であるとともに、複屈折値が0.040以下(好ましくは0.035以下、より好ましくは0.030以下、さらに好ましくは0.025以下、特に好ましくは0.010未満)である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
ft=1-(1.0/C)2
C:実測した音速値(km/sec)
〔態様3〕
態様1または2に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、ポリカーボネート系繊維を構成するポリカーボネート系樹脂の数平均分子量(Mn)が12000~40000(好ましくは15500~25000)、および/または重量平均分子量(Mw)が25000~80000(好ましくは35000~65000、より好ましくは45000~55000)である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
〔態様4〕
複屈折値が0.040以下(好ましくは0.035以下、より好ましくは0.030以下、さらに好ましくは0.025以下、特に好ましくは0.010未満)であり、ポリカーボネート系繊維を構成するポリカーボネート系樹脂の数平均分子量(Mn)が12000~40000(好ましくは15500~25000)、および/または重量平均分子量(Mw)が25000~80000(好ましくは35000~65000、より好ましくは45000~55000)である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。〔態様5〕
態様1~4のいずれか一態様に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)が2.0~4.0(好ましくは2.2~4.0、より好ましくは2.5~3.5、さらに好ましくは2.7~3.3、特に好ましくは2.7~3.1)である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
〔態様6〕
態様1~5のいずれか一態様に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、繊維の弾性率が30cN/dtex以下(好ましくは27cN/dtex以下、より好ましくは25cN/dtex以下)である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
〔態様7〕
態様1~6のいずれか一態様に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、繊維径の変動係数が15%以下(好ましくは10%以下、より好ましくは5%以下)である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
〔態様8〕
態様1~7のいずれか一態様に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、単糸繊度が10dtex以下(好ましくは4.5dtex以下、より好ましくは、3.5dtex以下)である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
〔態様9〕
態様1~8のいずれか一態様に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、繊維の破断伸度が20%以上(好ましくは40%以上、より好ましくは80%以上、さらに好ましくは103%以上)である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
〔態様10〕
態様1~9のいずれか一態様に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、ポリカーボネート系樹脂中のモノマーユニットにおいて、ビスフェノールA骨格の全体に対する割合(モル%)が65%以上(好ましくは75%以上)である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
〔態様11〕
態様1~10のいずれか一態様に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、リン系難燃剤を含有する、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
〔態様12〕
態様11に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、リン酸エステル系難燃剤、リン酸塩難燃剤、およびホスファゼン系難燃剤からなる群の少なくとも一種のリン系難燃剤を含有する、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
〔態様13〕
態様1~12のいずれか一態様に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維を含む繊維構造体。
〔態様14〕
態様13に記載の繊維構造体であって、混繊糸、織編物、または不織布である、繊維構造体。
〔態様15〕
ポリカーボネート系樹脂を305℃以上(好ましくは310℃以上、さらに好ましくは315℃以上)の高温下において溶融混練する溶融ポリマーを得る溶融混練工程と、前記溶融ポリマーを紡糸ノズルから所定の量で吐出する吐出工程と、吐出された糸条を所定の引取り速度で巻き取る巻き取り工程とを備える、ポリカーボネート系繊維の製造方法。
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。まず本発明のポリカーボネート系繊維を構成するポリカーボネート系樹脂について説明する。本発明で用いるポリカーボネート系樹脂とは、下記式で示される繰り返し単位を含有するポリマーであり、溶融成形性を有するものであれば特に限定されない。
また、ポリカーボネート系樹脂の数平均分子量(Mn)は12000~40000程度であってもよく、好ましくは15500~25000程度であってもよい。数平均分子量が上記範囲の場合、得られる繊維の寸法安定性及びコンポジットなどの成形体にした際の力学物性が良好である。
本発明のポリカーボネート系繊維は、特定の配向度を有しているため、高温条件下における収縮を低減することができる。
分子全体の配向度は音速を測定し、以下式より配向度ftを求めてもよい。
ft=1-(1.0/C)2
C:実測した音速値(km/sec)
なお、式中1.0は無配向PC系ポリマーの音速値である。
具体的には、本発明のポリカーボネート系繊維は、高温下において溶融紡糸を行うことにより、特定の配向度および/または複屈折値を達成することが可能となる。ポリカーボネート系繊維の製造方法は、ポリカーボネート系樹脂を高温下(例えば、305℃以上)において溶融混練する溶融ポリマーを得る溶融混練工程と、前記溶融ポリマーを紡糸ノズルから所定の量で吐出する吐出工程と、吐出された糸条(または溶融原糸)を所定の引取り速度(または紡糸速度)で巻き取る巻き取り工程とを含んでいる。
また、ポリカーボネート系繊維は、非複合繊維であっても、複合繊維であってもよい。繊維の断面形状に関しても特に制限はなく、円形、中空、あるいは星型等異型断面であってもよい。
本発明の樹脂複合体の製造方法は、前記ポリカーボネート系繊維または布帛を準備する工程と、前記ポリカーボネート系繊維または布帛をガラス転移温度以上で加熱する加熱成形工程と、を少なくとも備えている。
試料の分子量分布は、SHODEX社製のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)、GPC101(ポリスチレン換算)を用いて測定した。テトラヒドロフランを溶媒として、0.2質量%になるように試料を溶解したのち、ろ過して測定に供した。得られた重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量(Mn)の比から、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)を求めた。
分子全体の配向度は音速から求めた。音速の測定は、Rheovibron社製DDV-5-Bを用いて行った。繊維長50cmの繊維束を装置に固定し、荷重:0.1g/dtexをかけ、音源から検出器までの距離が50、40、30、20、10cmとなる夫々の点での音波の伝搬速度を測定し、距離と伝搬時間の関係から音速を求めた(n=5)。
分子全体の配向度の指標となる音速を測定し、以下式より配向度ftを求めた。
ft=1-(1.0/C)2
C:実測した音速(km/sec)
ベレック型コンペンセーターを備え付けた、オリンパス株式会社製偏光顕微鏡「BX53」を用い、λ=546.1nm(e-line)の光源下で測定したレタデーションから複屈折値を下記式より算出した。
Δn=R/d
Δn:複屈折値、R:レタデーション(nm)、d:繊維の厚み(nm)
JIS L1013試験法に準拠して、予め調湿されたヤーンを、室温(25℃)において試長20cm、初荷重0.18cN/dtex及び引張速度10cm/分の条件で測定し、n=10の平均値を採用した。また繊維繊度(dtex)は質量法により求めた。
10cmに切り出した繊維、あるいは10cm角に切り出した該繊維からなる布帛を、末端を固定しない状態で140℃に保たれた空気恒温槽中で30分間保持した後の繊維長あるいは布帛長(Xcm)から、次式を用いて算出した。
乾熱収縮率(%)={(10-X)/10}×100
繊維のガラス転移温度は、メトラー社製「TA3000-DSC」を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度10℃/分で350℃まで昇温することにより測定した。ガラス転移温度はDSCチャートの変曲点として求めた。
JIS K7201試験法に準拠して、繊維を三つ編みにした試長18cmの試料を作り、試料の上端に着火したとき、試料の燃焼時間が3分以上継続して燃焼するか、又は着火後の燃焼長さが5cm以上燃えつづけるのに必要な最低の酸素濃度を測定し、n=3の平均値を採用した。
50kgの樹脂を紡糸・繊維化する工程において、何回断糸するかによって、次のように評価した。
〇:3回以内/50kg、△:4回~7回/50kg、×:8回以上/50kg
ポリカーボネート樹脂として、Mw:52300、Mn:17300、Mw/Mn=3.0であり、難燃剤としてビスフェノール-A-ビス(ジフェニルホスフェート)をリン換算で40ppm含有する、LOI値が34である樹脂を使用した。この樹脂を2軸押出機にて溶融押出し、0.2mmΦ×100ホールの丸孔ノズルより紡糸温度320℃で吐出し、吐出速度と巻取速度との比(ドラフト)を143に調節し、巻取速度1500m/分の範囲で巻き取った。得られた原糸の単糸繊度は2.2dtexであり、Tgは145℃であった。得られた繊維の評価を行い、結果を表1に示す。
ポリカーボネート樹脂として、Mw:52300、Mn:17300、Mw/Mn=3.0であり、難燃剤としてビスフェノール-A-ビス(ジフェニルホスフェート)をリン換算で40ppm含有する、LOI値が34である樹脂を使用した。この樹脂を2軸押出機にて溶融押出し、0.2mmΦ×100ホールの丸孔ノズルより紡糸温度320℃で吐出し、吐出速度と巻取速度との比(ドラフト)を95に調節し、巻取速度1000m/分の範囲で巻き取った。得られた原糸の単糸繊度は3.3dtexであり、Tgは145℃であった。得られた繊維の評価を行い、結果を表1に示す。
ポリカーボネート樹脂として、Mw:52300、Mn:17300、Mw/Mn=3.0であり、難燃剤としてビスフェノール-A-ビス(ジフェニルホスフェート)をリン換算で40ppm含有する、LOI値が34である樹脂を使用した。この樹脂を2軸押出機にて溶融押出し、0.2mmΦ×100ホールの丸孔ノズルより紡糸温度320℃で吐出し、吐出速度と巻取速度との比(ドラフト)を63に調節し、巻取速度666m/分の範囲で巻き取った。得られた原糸の単糸繊度は4.9dtexであり、Tgは145℃であった。得られた繊維の評価を行い、結果を表1に示す。
ポリカーボネート樹脂として、Mw:49800、Mn:17000、Mw/Mn=2.9であり、LOI値が26である樹脂を使用した。この樹脂を2軸押出機にて溶融押出し、0.2mmΦ×100ホールの丸孔ノズルより紡糸温度320℃で吐出し、吐出速度と巻取速度との比(ドラフト)を63に調節し、巻取速度666m/分の範囲で巻き取った。得られた原糸の単糸繊度は4.9dtexであり、Tgは150℃であった。得られた繊維の評価を行い、結果を表1に示す。
ポリカーボネート樹脂として、Mw:135000、Mn:56000、Mw/Mn=2.4であり、LOI値が26である樹脂を使用した。この樹脂を2軸押出機にて溶融押出し、0.2mmΦ×100ホールの丸孔ノズルより紡糸温度290℃で吐出し、吐出速度と巻取速度との比(ドラフト)を63に調節し、巻取速度666m/分の範囲で巻き取った。得られた原糸の単糸繊度は4.9dtexであった。得られた繊維の評価を行い、結果を表1に示す。
ポリカーボネート樹脂として、Mw:49800、Mn:17000、Mw/Mn=2.9であり、LOI値が26である樹脂を使用した。この樹脂を2軸押出機にて溶融押出し、0.2mmΦ×100ホールの丸孔ノズルより紡糸温度290℃で吐出し、吐出速度と巻取速度との比(ドラフト)を63に調節し、巻取速度666m/分の範囲で巻き取った。得られた原糸の単糸繊度は4.9dtexであり、Tgは150℃であった。得られた繊維の評価を行い、結果を表1に示す。
ポリカーボネート樹脂として、Mw:90000、Mn:28000、Mw/Mn=3.2であり、難燃剤としてビスフェノール-A-ビス(ジフェニルホスフェート)をリン換算で80ppm含有する、LOI値が37である樹脂を使用した。この樹脂を2軸押出機にて溶融押出し、0.2mmΦ×100ホールの丸孔ノズルより紡糸温度300℃で吐出し、吐出速度と巻取速度との比(ドラフト)を63に調節し、巻取速度666m/分の範囲で巻き取った。得られた原糸の単糸繊度は4.9dtexであった。得られた繊維の評価を行い、結果を表1に示す。
Claims (15)
- 下記式で示される配向度ftが0.70未満である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
ft=1-(1.0/C)2
C:実測した音速値(km/sec) - 下記式で示される配向度ftが0.70未満であるとともに、複屈折値が0.040以下である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
ft=1-(1.0/C)2
C:実測した音速値(km/sec) - 請求項1または2に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、ポリカーボネート系繊維を構成するポリカーボネート系樹脂の数平均分子量(Mn)が12000~40000、および/または重量平均分子量(Mw)が25000~80000である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
- 複屈折値が0.040以下であり、ポリカーボネート系繊維を構成するポリカーボネート系樹脂の数平均分子量(Mn)が12000~40000、および/または重量平均分子量(Mw)が25000~80000であるポリカーボネート系樹脂から形成される、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)が2.0~4.0である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、繊維の弾性率が30cN/dtex以下である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、繊維径の変動係数が15%以下である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、単糸繊度が10dtex以下である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、繊維の破断伸度が20%以上である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、ポリカーボネート系樹脂中のモノマーユニットにおいて、ビスフェノールA骨格の全体に対する割合(モル%)が65%以上である、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、リン系難燃剤を含有する、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
- 請求項11に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維であって、リン酸エステル系難燃剤、リン酸塩難燃剤、およびホスファゼン系難燃剤からなる群の少なくとも一種のリン系難燃剤を含有する、ポリカーボネート系繊維。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載のポリカーボネート系繊維を含む繊維構造体。
- 請求項13に記載の繊維構造体であって、混繊糸、織編物、または不織布である、繊維構造体。
- ポリカーボネート系樹脂を305℃以上の高温下において溶融混練する溶融ポリマーを得る溶融混練工程と、前記溶融ポリマーを紡糸ノズルから所定の量で吐出する吐出工程と、吐出された糸条を所定の引取り速度で巻き取る巻き取り工程とを備える、ポリカーボネート系繊維の製造方法。
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