WO2021057936A1 - 一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置及其方法 - Google Patents

一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置及其方法 Download PDF

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WO2021057936A1
WO2021057936A1 PCT/CN2020/117959 CN2020117959W WO2021057936A1 WO 2021057936 A1 WO2021057936 A1 WO 2021057936A1 CN 2020117959 W CN2020117959 W CN 2020117959W WO 2021057936 A1 WO2021057936 A1 WO 2021057936A1
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carbon dioxide
extraction
storage tank
supercritical carbon
tank
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PCT/CN2020/117959
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨景峰
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上海复璐帝流体技术有限公司
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D11/00Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0203Solvent extraction of solids with a supercritical fluid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D11/00Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/04Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
    • B01D11/0403Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid with a supercritical fluid

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, in particular to a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device and a method thereof.
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology has the advantages of purity, safety, maintaining biological activity, strong stability, and high extraction rate. It has become a new extraction technology with development prospects in the extraction of natural products.
  • the existing supercritical carbon dioxide extraction has some shortcomings: the extraction process is carried out under high pressure, the extraction process requires compressors, condensers and heat exchangers, etc., and the equipment investment is high and the energy consumption is large.
  • the physical parameters of supercritical carbon dioxide near the critical point change drastically with small changes in temperature and pressure.
  • the density of supercritical carbon dioxide changes drastically with temperature, which will cause the solubility of supercritical carbon dioxide to change drastically with temperature and pressure. It is beneficial to improve the extraction efficiency and rate, but it will cause the problems of difficult control of process parameters and poor process stability.
  • the existing extraction technology extraction kettle cannot be operated continuously, and there are problems such as low noise production efficiency and low efficiency.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention aims at the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, and proposes a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device and method thereof.
  • the operating process temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device and method is close to room temperature, which reduces the compressor and
  • the capacity of the heat exchanger has the advantages of fast process adjustment, high process stability, high control precision and high extraction efficiency.
  • the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device, which mainly includes:
  • a carbon dioxide storage tank connected to the bottom of the extraction kettle through a pipeline, which is used to transport liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide to the extraction kettle under the action of high-pressure air pressurization to dissolve the corresponding components in the extraction material;
  • a separation tank connected to the top of the extraction tank and the carbon dioxide storage tank through a pipeline, which is used to receive the carbon dioxide mixture accumulated on the top of the extraction tank, and perform gas-liquid separation of the carbon dioxide mixture, and the separated carbon dioxide The gas is transported into the carbon dioxide storage tank through a pipeline;
  • a high-pressure gas tank connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank through a pipeline, which is used to provide high-pressure air for pressurization, transportation and/or phase change conversion for the carbon dioxide recovered in the carbon dioxide storage tank;
  • liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide recovered in the carbon dioxide storage tank is transported to the extraction kettle for recycling under the effect of the continuous pressurization of the high-pressure air.
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device it further includes:
  • a second booster pump installed on the pipeline between the carbon dioxide storage tank and the bottom of the extraction kettle;
  • a heat exchanger installed on the pipeline between the carbon dioxide storage tank and the bottom of the extraction kettle.
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device further includes:
  • a first mass flow meter installed on the pipeline between the carbon dioxide storage tank and the second booster pump;
  • a second mass flow meter installed on the pipe between the heat exchanger and the bottom of the extraction kettle.
  • a third mass flow meter installed on the pipeline between the extraction kettle and the separation kettle.
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device it further includes:
  • a pre-cooler installed on the pipeline between the separation kettle and the carbon dioxide storage tank is used to cool the separated carbon dioxide gas from the separation kettle to liquid carbon dioxide.
  • a regulating valve is installed on the pipeline connecting the high-pressure gas tank, the carbon dioxide storage tank, the extraction kettle and the separation kettle.
  • the high-pressure gas tank, the carbon dioxide storage tank, the extraction kettle and the separation kettle are all equipped with thermocouples and pressure gauges.
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device it further includes:
  • a first booster pump connected to the high-pressure gas tank through a pipeline is used to adjust the gas pressure in the high-pressure gas tank.
  • the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas tank is air or inert gas.
  • a flow rate distributor is installed at the bottom of the extraction kettle, which includes an air inlet pipe and an air box with an intermediate cavity, and spray holes are evenly distributed on the top of the air box , The injection hole is communicated with the high-pressure gas tank through the intake pipe.
  • the second aspect of the present invention is to provide a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method as described above, which includes the following steps:
  • the high-pressure gas is fed into the carbon dioxide storage tank from the high-pressure gas tank to convert the recovered carbon dioxide into a liquid or supercritical state under the pressurization of the high-pressure gas, and store it in the carbon dioxide storage tank;
  • the carbon dioxide solvent in step (2) is discharged from the top of the separation kettle and cooled to the liquid point temperature by a condenser, and then sent into the carbon dioxide storage tank.
  • the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide discharged from the carbon dioxide storage tank in step (4) is pressurized again by the second booster, and the heat exchanger is heated to supercritical carbon dioxide. After that, it is sent into the extraction kettle as the extraction solvent.
  • the present invention adopts the above technical scheme and has the following technical effects:
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device has the advantages of fast process adjustment, high process stability, high control accuracy and high extraction efficiency, and its structure is simple, easy to operate, low energy consumption, reduced labor intensity, and reduced operating costs .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the structure of a flow rate distributor in a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the structure of a flow rate distributor in a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device of the present invention
  • this embodiment provides a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device, including: an extraction vessel 15 filled with materials to be extracted; a carbon dioxide storage tank 8 connected to the bottom of the extraction vessel 15 through a pipeline, which uses The liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is delivered to the extraction vessel 15 under the action of high-pressure air pressurization to dissolve the corresponding components in the extraction material; one is connected to the top of the extraction vessel 15 and the carbon dioxide storage tank through a pipe. 8.
  • a connected separation tank 22 for receiving the carbon dioxide mixture collected on the top of the extraction tank 15 and performing gas-liquid separation of the carbon dioxide mixture, and the separated carbon dioxide gas is transported to the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 through a pipeline;
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device mainly includes an extraction kettle 15, a carbon dioxide storage tank 8, a separation kettle 22, and a high-pressure gas tank 4; the bottom of the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank through the extraction kettle 15 and the separation kettle 22 through a pipeline.
  • the top of 8 is to provide the extraction tank 15 with liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide to extract the extracted materials, and then recover the carbon dioxide to store the extraction solvent in the separation tank 22 and reflux it for storage in the carbon dioxide storage tank 8; and the high-pressure gas tank 4 Connect the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 through a pipeline.
  • the extraction vessel 15 is filled with materials to be extracted.
  • the method of loading the extracted materials into the extraction vessel 15 has a great influence on the extraction efficiency.
  • a layered cloth method is adopted. A certain gap.
  • the loading can be one-time loading and continuous loading. Continuous loading can be adopted during continuous operation. Materials are added from the top layer and taken out from the bottom layer.
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device further includes: a second pipe installed on the pipeline between the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 and the bottom of the extraction tank 15 Booster pump 11; and/or a heat exchanger 12 installed on the pipe between the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 and the bottom of the extraction tank 15.
  • the second booster pump 11 is mainly used for the booster pump 13 to adjust the pressure in the extraction kettle 15 within the set process pressure range to improve the extraction efficiency.
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device further includes: a pipeline installed between the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 and the second booster pump 11 The first mass flow meter 9; a second mass flow meter 13 installed on the pipe between the heat exchanger 12 and the bottom of the extraction vessel 15; and a second mass flow meter 13 installed on the extraction vessel 15 and the bottom of the extraction vessel 15 Separate the third mass flow meter 19 on the pipe between the tank 22.
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device further includes: a pre-cooling device installed on the pipeline between the separation tank 22 and the carbon dioxide storage tank 8.
  • the pre-cooler is used to cool the carbon dioxide gas separated from the separation kettle 22 to liquid carbon dioxide.
  • the pipes connecting the high-pressure gas tank 4, the carbon dioxide storage tank 8, the extraction tank 15 and the separation tank 22 are respectively equipped with first regulators.
  • Valve 5 second regulating valve 10
  • third regulating valve 18 third regulating valve 18, and fourth regulating valve 23.
  • the pressure of the high-pressure gas delivered from the high-pressure gas tank 4 to the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 is adjusted by the first regulating valve 5, and the high-pressure gas is used to adjust the pressure of the carbon dioxide recovered in the carbon dioxide storage tank to complete the change of carbon dioxide from gas to liquid or
  • the transformation of the supercritical state eliminates the transformation of carbon dioxide from gaseous to liquid that is achieved by using booster equipment and condensers in the traditional carbon dioxide recovery process, reduces the input of compressors and condensers, and reduces production costs.
  • the pressure in the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 is adjusted through the second regulating valve 10; the third regulating valve 18 is used to reduce the pressure of the carbon dioxide mixture accumulated on the top of the extraction vessel 15 to below the supercritical pressure, and then send it to the separation vessel 22 for processing. Gas-liquid separation; the fourth regulating valve 23 is used to transfer the gaseous carbon dioxide after gas-liquid separation by the separation tank 22 to the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 for recovery after adjusting the pressure.
  • the high-pressure gas tank 4, the carbon dioxide storage tank 8, the extraction kettle 15 and the separation kettle 22 are all equipped with thermocouples and pressure gauges.
  • the high-pressure gas tank 4 is equipped with a first thermocouple 2 and a first pressure gauge 3
  • the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 is equipped with a second thermocouple 6 and a second pressure gauge 7, and the extraction
  • the kettle 15 is equipped with a third thermocouple 17 and a third pressure gauge 16
  • the separation kettle 22 is equipped with a fourth pressure gauge 20 and a fourth thermocouple 21 to monitor the high pressure gas tank 4 and the carbon dioxide storage tank in real time, respectively.
  • the pressure and temperature changes in the extraction tank 15 and the separation tank 22 can realize rapid adjustment of the extraction process, improve the stability and control accuracy of the extraction process, and greatly improve the extraction efficiency.
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device further includes: a first booster pump 1 connected to the high-pressure gas tank 4 through a pipeline, which is used for regulating The gas pressure in the high-pressure gas tank 4 provides continuous and stable high-pressure gas for the carbon dioxide storage tank 8.
  • the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas tank 4 is air or inert gas.
  • the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas tank 4 is liquid post-supercritical carbon dioxide, that is, supercritical carbon dioxide is selected as the extraction solvent.
  • supercritical carbon dioxide has a stronger extraction capacity and a higher extraction rate than traditional extraction solvents. By adjusting the optimal process, the extraction rate is close to 100%.
  • the critical temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide is close to room temperature, which is not only beneficial to operation and saving heat, but also can ensure that the effective components of the extract are not destroyed. Therefore, the method using supercritical carbon dioxide as the extraction solvent is particularly suitable for the extraction of components that are highly heat sensitive and prone to oxidative decomposition.
  • supercritical carbon dioxide has the advantages of non-toxic, inexpensive, non-flammable, explosive, and pollution-free.
  • the extraction rate of supercritical carbon dioxide depends on the solubility of the extracted components in the solvent. The higher the solubility, the higher the extraction rate.
  • the solubility of the extracted solute in supercritical carbon dioxide is related to the density of the solvent. The greater the density, the greater the corresponding solubility.
  • the density of supercritical carbon dioxide changes with temperature and pressure, and changes in the supercritical region. The range is very wide, therefore, the required density can be obtained by adjusting the temperature and pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide.
  • the bottom of the extraction kettle 15 is equipped with a flow rate distributor 14 which is made of steel and includes an air inlet pipe 24 and It is composed of an air box 25 with an intermediate cavity, and spray holes 26 are uniformly distributed on the top of the air box 25, and the spray holes 26 are communicated with the high-pressure gas tank 4 through the air inlet pipe 24.
  • the use of the flow rate distributor 14 can make the flow rate of the supercritical carbon dioxide in the extraction kettle 15 evenly distributed, and avoid the channeling phenomenon of the supercritical fluid.
  • the flow rate distributor 14 is arranged at the bottom of the extraction vessel 15. There are many spray holes 26 drilled on the top of the air box 25. The spray holes 26 are evenly distributed on the upper surface of the air box 25.
  • the goal of setting the flow rate distributor 14 is Make the velocity distribution of supercritical carbon dioxide along the radial direction as uniform as possible.
  • this embodiment provides a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method, which includes the following steps:
  • the high-pressure gas is fed into the carbon dioxide storage tank from the high-pressure gas tank to convert the recovered carbon dioxide into a liquid or supercritical state under the pressurization of the high-pressure gas, and store it in the carbon dioxide storage tank;
  • the carbon dioxide solvent described in step (2) is discharged from the top of the separation kettle and cooled to the liquid point temperature by the condenser 27, and then sent into the carbon dioxide storage tank.
  • the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide discharged from the carbon dioxide storage tank in step (4) is sequentially pressurized again by the second booster pump, the heat exchanger is heated to supercritical carbon dioxide, and then sent into the extraction kettle As an extraction solvent.
  • This embodiment uses high-pressure gas (inert gas or air) as power to quickly adjust the pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide in each process section (when the temperature of the process is constant), thereby quickly adjusting the solubility of supercritical carbon dioxide in the extraction kettle to achieve High efficiency extraction.
  • high-pressure gas inert gas or air
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device includes an extraction vessel 15, a throttle valve 5, a mass flow meter 5, a separation vessel 22, and a carbon dioxide storage tank 8.
  • the extraction kettle 15, the separation kettle 22, the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 and the high pressure gas tank 4 are equipped with pressure gauges 3, 7, 16, 20 and thermocouples 2, 6, 17, 21 for pressure test control of each tank, Temperature test control.
  • the material to be extracted is loaded into the extraction kettle 15.
  • the charging method has a great influence on the extraction efficiency.
  • This application example adopts the layered cloth method, leaving a certain gap between each layer of material.
  • the charging can be loaded and charged at one time according to the operation mode. There are two ways of continuous loading; continuous loading can be adopted during continuous operation, and the raw materials are added from the top layer and taken out from the bottom layer.
  • This application example uses supercritical carbon dioxide as the solvent.
  • Supercritical carbon dioxide enters the distributor from the bottom of the extraction vessel 15 and is evenly sprayed to the material layer through the flow rate distributor 14.
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide flows from the bottom to the top, and the flow process ensures that the material is fully extracted Contact, selectively dissolve the components to be extracted, throttling and reducing the pressure to below the supercritical pressure by the third regulating valve 18, and enter the separation tank 22. Because the solubility of the solute in the non-supercritical carbon dioxide drops sharply, the solute is resolved from the carbon dioxide solvent to become a product, which is deposited in the separation tank 14 and is periodically taken out from the separation tank 14.
  • the carbon dioxide from the separation tank 14 is converted into liquid carbon dioxide through the condenser 27 to reduce the pressure and temperature, and enters the carbon dioxide storage tank 8.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 is in a low temperature and high pressure state (above the critical point pressure), and the liquid pressure of the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 is powered by the high pressure gas (inert gas or air) above the liquid surface, from the bottom of the carbon dioxide storage tank 8
  • the outflowing liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is heated to above the supercritical temperature by the heat exchanger 12, and then sent to the extraction vessel 15 as the extraction solvent for recycling; and the pressure of the extraction vessel 15 is adjusted to the set process pressure by the booster pump 13 Within range.

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Abstract

一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置及其方法,该萃取装置包括:一萃取釜(15);一与萃取釜(15)底部连通的二氧化碳储罐(8);一通过管道分别与萃取釜(15)顶部和二氧化碳储罐(8)连通的分离釜(22);以及一通过管道与二氧化碳储罐(8)连通的高压气罐(4);二氧化碳储罐(8)内回收的液态或超临界二氧化碳,在高压空气持续增压的作用下,被输送至萃取釜(15)内进行循环利用。所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置及其方法,采用高压气体作为动力,快速调节各工艺流程段的超临界二氧化碳的压力,从而快速调节萃取釜(15)内的超临界二氧化碳的溶解度,实现高效率萃取,且其具有工艺调整快、工艺稳定性高、控制精度高以及萃取效率高等优点。

Description

一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置及其方法 技术领域
本发明涉及超临界二氧化碳萃取技术领域,尤其涉及一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置及其方法。
背景技术
传统的萃取工艺往往造成天然产物中某些热敏组分或化学不稳定成分的破坏,从而改变天然产物的独特风味。而且,加工过程中由于溶剂残留在成污染也是不可避免的。超临界二氧化碳萃取技术具有纯净、安全、保持生物活性、稳定性强、提取率高等有点,成为天然物萃取中一种具有发展前景的新的萃取技术。
然而,现有超临界二氧化碳萃取存在一些缺点:萃取过程在高压下进行,萃取过程需要压缩机、冷凝器和换热器等,设备的投资高,能耗大。超临界二氧化碳在临界点附近物性参数随温度和压力的微小变化发生剧烈的变化,尤其超临界二氧化碳的密度随温度要的急剧变化,将导致超临界二氧化碳的溶解度随温度和压力急剧变化,这虽然有利于提高萃取效率和速率,但会造成工艺参数不易控制,工艺稳定性差的问题。现有的萃取技术萃取釜不能连续操作,噪声生产效率和效能低下等问题。
因此,如何开发一种萃取和分离过程运行工艺温度接近室温、减小压缩机和热交换器的容量、工艺调整快、工艺稳定性高、控制精度高以及萃取效率高的超临界二氧化碳萃取技术是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术难题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的及问题针对现有技术中的上述缺陷,提出一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置及其方法,该超临界二氧化碳萃取装置及其方法的运行工艺温度接近室温,减小了压缩机和热交换器的容量,且具有工艺调整快、工艺稳定性高、控制精度高以及萃取效率高等优点。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明的第一个方面是提供一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,其主要包括:
一装填有待萃取物料的萃取釜;
一通过管道与所述萃取釜底部连通的二氧化碳储罐,其用于在高压空气增压的作用下向所述萃取釜输送液态或超临界二氧化碳,以溶解所述萃取物料中相应组分;
一通过管道分别与所述萃取釜顶部和所述二氧化碳储罐连通的分离釜,其用于接收所述萃取釜顶部聚集的二氧化碳混合物,并对所述二氧化碳混合物进行气液分离,分离后的二氧化碳气体通过管道输送至所述二氧化碳储罐内;以及
一通过管道与所述二氧化碳储罐连通的高压气罐,其用于为所述二氧化碳储罐内回收的二氧化碳提供增压、输送和/或相变转换的高压空气;
其中,所述二氧化碳储罐内回收的液态或超临界二氧化碳,在所述高压空气持续增压的作用下,被输送至所述萃取釜内进行循环利用。
进一步地,在所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置上,还包括:
一装设于所述二氧化碳储罐和所述萃取釜底部之间管道上的第二增压泵;和/或
一装设于所述二氧化碳储罐和所述萃取釜底部之间管道上的换热器。
进一步优选地,在所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置上,还包括:
一装设于所述二氧化碳储罐与所述第二增压泵之间的管道上的第一质量流量计;
一装设于所述换热器与所述萃取釜底部之间管道上的第二质量流量计;以及
一装设于所述萃取釜与所述分离釜之间管道上的第三质量流量计。
进一步地,在所述的超临界萃二氧化碳萃取装置上,还包括:
一装设于所述分离釜与所述二氧化碳储罐之间管道上的预冷器,其用于将所述分离釜分离后的二氧化碳气体进行冷却降温至液态二氧化碳。
进一步地,在所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置上,所述高压气罐、二氧化碳储罐、萃取釜和所述分离釜之间连接的管道上均装设有调节阀。
进一步地,在所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置上,所述高压气罐、二氧化碳储罐、萃取釜和所述分离釜上均装设有热电偶和压力表。
进一步地,在所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置上,还包括:
一通过管道与所述高压气罐连接的第一增压泵,其用于调节所述高压气罐内的气体压力。
进一步地,在所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置上,所述高压气罐内的高压气体为空气或惰性气体。
进一步地,在所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置上,所述萃取釜底部装设有流速分布器,其包括进气管和具有中间腔体的气箱,所述气箱的顶部均布有喷射孔,所述喷射孔通过所述进气管与所述高压气罐连通。
本发明的第二个方面是提供一种如所述装置的超临界二氧化碳萃取方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将超临界二氧化碳从萃取釜的底部均匀喷射入萃取釜,超临界二氧化碳由下向上流动与萃取物料充分接触,选择性溶解需要萃取的溶质;
(2)将萃取釜顶部积聚的二氧化碳混合物经降压后送入分离釜进行气液分离,溶质沉积在分离釜底部,二氧化碳溶剂自分离釜顶部送入二氧化碳储罐内;
(3)由高压气罐向二氧化碳储罐内通入高压气体,以在高压气体的增压作用下,将回收的二氧化碳相变转换为液态或超临界态,并存储在二氧化碳储罐内;
(4)继续向二氧化碳储罐内通入高压气体,二氧化碳储罐内回收的液态或超临界二氧化碳在高压空气持续增压的作用下,被输送至萃取釜内作为萃取溶剂;
(5)重复上述步骤(1)-(4),实现超临界萃取过程中二氧化碳的循环利用。
进一步地,在所述超临界萃二氧化碳萃取方法中,步骤(2)中所述二氧化碳溶剂出分离釜顶部后经冷凝器降温至液点温度后,送入二氧化碳储罐内。
进一步地,在所述超临界二氧化碳萃取方法中,步骤(4)中自所述二氧化碳储罐排出的液态或超临界二氧化碳依次经第二增压泵再次增压、换热器升温至超临界二氧化碳后,送入萃取釜内作为萃取溶剂。
本发明采用上述技术方案,与现有技术相比,具有如下技术效果:
(1)采用超临界二氧化碳为萃取溶剂,去具有比传统萃取方法更强的萃取能力和更高的萃取率,通过调节最佳工艺,可以将提取率提高到接近100%;且超临界二氧化碳的临界温度接近室温,不仅有利于操作,而且能有效地保存萃取物的有效成分不被破坏;
(2)同时,由于二氧化碳的临界点接近室温,因此萃取过程中可以减小压缩机和热交换器的容量,提高萃取工艺的稳定性;
(3)采用高压气体(惰性气体或空气)作为动力,可以快速的调节萃取釜内超临界二氧化碳的压力(在工艺物温度一定时),从而快速调节超临界二氧化碳的溶解度,实现高效率萃取;
(4)与传统超临界二氧化碳萃取工艺相比,采用高压气体对二氧化碳储罐内回收的二氧化碳进行压力调节,完成了二氧化碳由气态向液态或超临界态的转变,省略了传统二氧化碳回收工艺中使用增压设备及冷凝器实现的二氧化碳由气态向液态的转变,减少了压缩机和冷凝器的投入;
(5)采用高压气体对二氧化碳储罐内回收的二氧化碳进行压力调节,使回收的二氧化碳由气态向液态或超临界态转变,回收的液态或超临界态二氧化碳再次通入萃取釜参与萃取,实现了二氧化碳萃取溶剂的循环回收利用,减少了超临界二氧化碳的用量;
(6)通过在萃取釜底部设置特定结构的流速分布器,使二氧化碳自下而上均匀分布,从而增加两相各自比表面积,缩短萃取时间,提高萃取能力;
(7)该超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,具有工艺调整快、工艺稳定性高、控制精度高以及萃取效率高等优点,且其结构简单,操作方便,能耗低,减少了劳动强度,降低了运行成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置的结构示意图;
图2为本发明一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中流速分布器的侧视结构示意图;
图3为本发明一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中流速分布器的俯视结构示意图;
其中,各附图标记为:
1-第一增压泵,2-第一热电偶,3-第一压力表,4-高压气罐,5-第一调节阀,6-第二热电偶,7-第二压力表,8-二氧化碳储罐,9-第一质量流量计,10-第二调节阀,11-第二增压泵,12-换热器,13-第二质量流量计,14-流速分布器,15-萃 取釜,16-第三压力表,17-第三热电偶,18-第三调节阀,19-第三质量流量计,20-第四压力表,21-第四热电偶,22-分离釜,23-第四调节阀,24-进气管,25-气箱,26-喷射孔。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细和具体的介绍,以使更好的理解本发明,但是下述实施例并不限制本发明范围。
实施例1
请参阅图1所示,本实施例提供一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,包括:一装填有待萃取物料的萃取釜15;一通过管道与所述萃取釜15底部连通的二氧化碳储罐8,其用于在高压空气增压的作用下向所述萃取釜15输送液态或超临界二氧化碳,以溶解所述萃取物料中相应组分;一通过管道分别与所述萃取釜15顶部和所述二氧化碳储罐8连通的分离釜22,其用于接收所述萃取釜15顶部聚集的二氧化碳混合物,并对所述二氧化碳混合物进行气液分离,分离后的二氧化碳气体通过管道输送至所述二氧化碳储罐8内;以及一通过管道与所述二氧化碳储罐8连通的高压气罐4,其用于为所述二氧化碳储罐8内回收的二氧化碳提供增压、输送和/或相变转换的高压空气;其中,所述二氧化碳储罐8内回收的液态或超临界二氧化碳,在所述高压空气持续增压的作用下,被输送至所述萃取釜15内进行循环利用。
该超临界二氧化碳萃取装置主要包括萃取釜15、二氧化碳储罐8、分离釜22和高压气罐4;所述二氧化碳储罐8底部通过管道依次经萃取釜15、分离釜22连接所述二氧化碳储罐8的顶部,以为萃取釜15提供液态或超临界态二氧化碳对带萃取物料进行萃取,然后在经分离釜22回收二氧化碳储萃取溶剂并回流存储于二氧化碳储罐8内;而且所述高压气罐4通过管道连接二氧化碳储罐8。
参阅图1所示,该萃取釜15内装填有待萃取物料,萃取物料装入萃取釜15的装料方式对萃取效率影响很大,本实施例采用分层布料方式,每层物料之间留有一定的间隙。装料根据作业方式可以一次性装料和连续装料两种方式。连续作业时可采取连续装料方式,物料从顶层补充加入,从底层取出。
作为本实施例的一个优选技术方案,参阅图1所示,该超临界二氧化碳萃取 装置,还包括:一装设于所述二氧化碳储罐8和所述萃取釜15底部之间管道上的第二增压泵11;和/或一装设于所述二氧化碳储罐8和所述萃取釜15底部之间管道上的换热器12。第二增压泵11主要用于增压泵13调节萃取釜15内的压力在设定的工艺压力范围之内,以提高萃取效率。
作为本实施例的一个优选技术方案,参阅图1所示,该超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,还包括:一装设于所述二氧化碳储罐8与所述第二增压泵11之间的管道上的第一质量流量计9;一装设于所述换热器12与所述萃取釜15底部之间管道上的第二质量流量计13;以及一装设于所述萃取釜15与所述分离釜22之间管道上的第三质量流量计19。
作为本实施例的一个优选技术方案,参阅图1所示,该超临界萃二氧化碳萃取装置,还包括:一装设于所述分离釜22与所述二氧化碳储罐8之间管道上的预冷器,该预冷器用于将所述分离釜22分离后的二氧化碳气体进行冷却降温至液态二氧化碳。
作为本实施例的一个优选技术方案,参阅图1所示,所述高压气罐4、二氧化碳储罐8、萃取釜15和所述分离釜22之间连接的管道上分别装设有第一调节阀5、第二调节阀10、第三调节阀18和第四调节阀23。
具体地,通过第一调节阀5调节高压气罐4向二氧化碳储罐8输送的高压气体的压力大大小,采用高压气体对二氧化碳储罐内回收的二氧化碳进行压力调节,完成二氧化碳由气态向液态或超临界态的转变,省略了传统二氧化碳回收工艺中使用增压设备及冷凝器实现的二氧化碳由气态向液态的转变,减少了压缩机和冷凝器的投入,降低了生产成本。以及通过第二调节阀10调节二氧化碳储罐8内的压力大小;通过第三调节阀18用于将萃取釜15顶部积聚的二氧化碳混合物降压至超临界压力之下,然后送入分离釜22进行气液分离;通过第四调节阀23用于将经分离釜22气液分离后的气态二氧化碳经调节压力后送入二氧化碳储罐8进行回收。
作为本实施例的一个优选技术方案,参阅图1所示,所述高压气罐4、二氧化碳储罐8、萃取釜15和所述分离釜22上均装设有热电偶和压力表。具体地,所述所述高压气罐4上装设有第一热电偶2和第一压力表3,所述二氧化碳储罐8上装设有第二热电偶6和第二压力表7,所述萃取釜15上装设有第三热电偶 17和第三压力表16,以及所述分离釜22上装设有第四压力表20和第四热电偶21,以分别实时监测高压气罐4、二氧化碳储罐8、萃取釜15和所述分离釜22上内的压力大小和温度变化,以实现对萃取工艺的快速调整,提高了萃取工艺的稳定性和控制精度,大大提高了萃取效率。
作为本实施例的一个优选技术方案,参阅图1所示,该超临界二氧化碳萃取装置上,还包括:一通过管道与所述高压气罐4连接的第一增压泵1,其用于调节所述高压气罐4内的气体压力,从而为二氧化碳储罐8提供持续、稳定的高压气体。
作为本实施例的一个优选技术方案,参阅图1所示,所述高压气罐4内的高压气体为空气或惰性气体。优选地,所述述高压气罐4内的高压气体为液态后超临界态二氧化碳,即萃取溶剂选择超临界二氧化碳。超临界二氧化碳具有比传统萃取溶剂更强的萃取能力和更高的萃取率,通过调节最佳工艺,萃取率接近100%。且超临界二氧化碳的临界温度接近室温,不仅有利于操作,节省热能,而且能保证萃取物的有效成分不被破坏。因此,该采用超临界二氧化碳作为萃取溶剂的方法特别适用于那些热敏性强、容易氧化分解破坏的成分的萃取。
此外,超临界二氧化碳具有无毒、价廉、不易燃易爆、无污染等优点。超临界二氧化碳的萃取率却决于萃取组分在溶剂中的溶解度,溶解度越高,萃取率越高。在本实施例中,萃取溶质在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度与溶剂的密度有关,密度越大,对应的溶解度越大,超临界二氧化碳的密度随温度和压力而变化,在超临界区域内的变化范围很宽,因此,可以通过调节超临界二氧化碳的温度和压力获得需要的密度。
参阅图2-3所示,作为本实施例的另一个优选技术方案,所述萃取釜15底部装设有流速分布器14,该流速分布器14采用钢材加工而成,其包括进气管24和具有中间腔体的气箱25组成,所述气箱25的顶部均布有喷射孔26,所述喷射孔26通过所述进气管24与所述高压气罐4连通。采用该流速分布器14可使萃取釜15中的超临界二氧化碳流速均匀分布,避免超临界流体发生沟流现象。此外,该流速分布器14布置在萃取釜15的底部,气箱25的上面钻有很多的喷射孔26,喷射孔26在气箱25的上表面上均匀分布,设置流速分布器14的目标是使超临界二氧化碳沿径向的流速分布尽可能均匀。
实施例2
请继续参阅图1所示,基于上述实施例1所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,本实施例提供一种超临界二氧化碳萃取方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将超临界二氧化碳从萃取釜的底部均匀喷射入萃取釜,超临界二氧化碳由下向上流动与萃取物料充分接触,选择性溶解需要萃取的溶质;
(2)将萃取釜顶部积聚的二氧化碳混合物经降压后送入分离釜进行气液分离,溶质沉积在分离釜底部,二氧化碳溶剂自分离釜顶部送入二氧化碳储罐内;
(3)由高压气罐向二氧化碳储罐内通入高压气体,以在高压气体的增压作用下,将回收的二氧化碳相变转换为液态或超临界态,并存储在二氧化碳储罐内;
(4)继续向二氧化碳储罐内通入高压气体,二氧化碳储罐内回收的液态或超临界二氧化碳在高压空气持续增压的作用下,被输送至萃取釜内作为萃取溶剂;
(5)重复上述步骤(1)-(4),实现超临界萃取过程中二氧化碳的循环利用。
在本实施例中,步骤(2)中所述二氧化碳溶剂出分离釜顶部后经冷凝器27降温至液点温度后,送入二氧化碳储罐内。
在本实施例中,步骤(4)中自所述二氧化碳储罐排出的液态或超临界二氧化碳依次经第二增压泵再次增压、换热器升温至超临界二氧化碳后,送入萃取釜内作为萃取溶剂。
本实施例采用高压气体(惰性气体或空气)作为动力,快速调节各工艺流程段的超临界二氧化碳的压力(在工艺物温度一定时),从而快速调节萃取釜内的超临界二氧化碳的溶解度,实现高效率萃取。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置及其方法的具体应用例,该超临界二氧化碳萃取装置包括萃取釜15、节流阀5、质量流量计一5、分离釜22、二氧化碳储罐8、高压气罐4、增压泵1、换热器12和流速分布器14等。在萃取釜15、分离釜22、二氧化碳储罐8和高压气罐4上都装有压力计3、7、16、20和热电偶2、6、17、21,用于各罐压力测试控制、温度测试控制。
待萃取物料装入萃取釜15,装料方式对萃取效率影响很大,本应用例采用分层布料方式,每层料之间留有一定的间隙,装料根据作业方式可以一次性装料和连续装料两种方式;连续作业时可采取连续装料方式,原料从顶层补充加入, 从底层取出。
本应用例采用超临界二氧化碳为溶剂,超临界二氧化碳从萃取釜15的底部进入分布器,通过流速分布器14均匀喷射向料层,超临界二氧化碳在由下向上流动,流动过程保证与萃取物料充分接触,选择性溶解需要萃取的组分,经第三调节阀18节流降压至超临界压力之下,进入分离釜22。由于溶质在非超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度急剧下降,而使溶质从二氧化碳溶剂中解析出来成为产品,在分离釜14中沉积,定期从分离釜14中取出。
分离釜14出来的二氧化碳通过冷凝器27降压降温转变成液态二氧化碳,进入二氧化碳储罐8。二氧化碳储罐8中的液态二氧化碳处于低温高压状态(高于临界点压力),二氧化碳储罐8液体的压力由液面之上的高压气体(惰性气体或空气)提供动力,从二氧化碳储罐8底部流出的液体或超临界二氧化碳经换热器12加热至超临界温度以上,送入流入萃取釜15作为萃取溶剂进行循环利用;且通过增压泵13调节萃取釜15的压力在设定的工艺压力范围之内。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,其特征在于,包括:
    一装填有待萃取物料的萃取釜(15);
    一通过管道与所述萃取釜(15)底部连通的二氧化碳储罐(8),其用于在高压空气增压的作用下向所述萃取釜(15)输送液态或超临界二氧化碳,以溶解所述萃取物料中相应组分;
    一通过管道分别与所述萃取釜(15)顶部和所述二氧化碳储罐(8)连通的分离釜(22),其用于接收所述萃取釜(15)顶部聚集的二氧化碳混合物,并对所述二氧化碳混合物进行气液分离,分离后的二氧化碳气体通过管道输送至所述二氧化碳储罐(8)内;以及
    一通过管道与所述二氧化碳储罐(8)连通的高压气罐(4),其用于为所述二氧化碳储罐(8)内回收的二氧化碳提供增压、输送和/或相变转换的高压空气;
    其中,所述二氧化碳储罐(8)内回收的液态或超临界二氧化碳,在所述高压空气持续增压的作用下,被输送至所述萃取釜(15)内进行循环利用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,其特征在于,还包括:
    一装设于所述二氧化碳储罐(8)和所述萃取釜(15)底部之间管道上的第二增压泵(11);和/或
    一装设于所述二氧化碳储罐(8)和所述萃取釜(15)底部之间管道上的换热器(12)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,其特征在于,还包括:
    一装设于所述分离釜(22)与所述二氧化碳储罐(8)之间管道上的预冷器(27),其用于将所述分离釜(22)分离后的二氧化碳气体进行冷却降温至液态二氧化碳。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,其特征在于,所述高压气罐(4)、二氧化碳储罐(8)、萃取釜(15)和所述分离釜(22)上均装设有热电偶和压力表。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,其特征在于,还包括:
    一通过管道与所述高压气罐(4)连接的第一增压泵(1),其用于调节所述高压气罐(4)内的气体压力。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,其特征在于,所述高压气罐(4)内的高压气体为空气或惰性气体。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置,其特征在于,所述萃取釜(15)底部装设有流速分布器(14),其包括进气管(24)和具有中间腔体的气箱(25),所述气箱(25)的顶部均布有喷射孔(26),所述喷射孔(26)通过所述进气管(24)与所述高压气罐(4)连通。
  8. 一种如权利要求1-6任一项所述装置的超临界二氧化碳萃取装置方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    (1)将超临界二氧化碳从萃取釜的底部均匀喷射入萃取釜,超临界二氧化碳由下向上流动与萃取物料充分接触,选择性溶解需要萃取的溶质;
    (2)将萃取釜顶部积聚的二氧化碳混合物经降压后送入分离釜进行气液分离,溶质沉积在分离釜底部,二氧化碳溶剂自分离釜顶部送入二氧化碳储罐内;
    (3)由高压气罐向二氧化碳储罐内通入高压气体,以在高压气体的增压作用下,将回收的二氧化碳相变转换为液态或超临界态,并存储在二氧化碳储罐内;
    (4)继续向二氧化碳储罐内通入高压气体,二氧化碳储罐内回收的液态或超临界二氧化碳在高压空气持续增压的作用下,被输送至萃取釜内作为萃取溶剂;
    (5)重复上述步骤(1)-(4),实现超临界萃取过程中二氧化碳的循环利用。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述二氧化碳溶剂出分离釜顶部后经冷凝器降温至液点温度后,送入二氧化碳储罐内。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的超临界二氧化碳萃取方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中自所述二氧化碳储罐排出的液态或超临界二氧化碳依次经第二增压泵再次增压、换热器升温至超临界二氧化碳后,送入萃取釜内作为萃取溶剂。
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